Carbon monoxide(CO)and nitric oxide(NO)are signal molecules that enhance plant adaptation to environmental stimuli.Auxin is an essential phytohormone for plant growth and development.CO and NO play crucial roles in mo...Carbon monoxide(CO)and nitric oxide(NO)are signal molecules that enhance plant adaptation to environmental stimuli.Auxin is an essential phytohormone for plant growth and development.CO and NO play crucial roles in modulating the plant’s response to iron deficiency.Iron deficiency leads to an increase in the activity of heme oxygenase(HO)and the subsequent generation of CO.Additionally,it alters the polar subcellular distribution of Pin-Formed 1(PIN1)proteins,resulting in enhanced auxin transport.This alteration,in turn,leads to an increase in NO accumulation.Furthermore,iron deficiency enhances the activity of ferric chelate reductase(FCR),as well as the expression of the Fer-like iron deficiency-induced transcription factor 1(FIT)and the ferric reduction oxidase 2(FRO2)genes in plant roots.Overexpression of the long hypocotyl 1(HY1)gene,which encodes heme oxygenase,or the CO donor treatment resulted in enhanced basipetal auxin transport,higher FCR activity,and the expression of FIT and FRO2 genes under Fe deficiency.Here,a potential mechanism is proposed:CO and NO interact with auxin to address iron deficiency stress.CO alters auxin transport,enhancing its accumulation in roots and up-regulating key iron-related genes like FRO2 and IRT1.Elevated auxin levels affect NO signaling,leading to greater sensitivity in root development.This interplay promotes FCR activity,which is crucial for iron absorption.Together,these molecules enhance iron uptake and root growth,revealing a novel aspect of plant physiology in adapting to environmental stress.展开更多
As a common hyperglycemic disease,type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)is a complicated disorder that requires a lifelong insulin supply due to the immunemediated destruction of pancreaticβcells.Although it is an organ-spec...As a common hyperglycemic disease,type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)is a complicated disorder that requires a lifelong insulin supply due to the immunemediated destruction of pancreaticβcells.Although it is an organ-specific autoimmune disorder,T1DM is often associated with multiple other autoimmune disorders.The most prevalent concomitant autoimmune disorder occurring in T1DM is autoimmune thyroid disease(AITD),which mainly exhibits two extremes of phenotypes:hyperthyroidism[Graves'disease(GD)]and hypothyroidism[Hashimoto's thyroiditis,(HT)].However,the presence of comorbid AITD may negatively affect metabolic management in T1DM patients and thereby may increase the risk for potential diabetes-related complications.Thus,routine screening of thyroid function has been recommended when T1DM is diagnosed.Here,first,we summarize current knowledge regarding the etiology and pathogenesis mechanisms of both diseases.Subsequently,an updated review of the association between T1DM and AITD is offered.Finally,we provide a relatively detailed review focusing on the application of thyroid ultrasonography in diagnosing and managing HT and GD,suggesting its critical role in the timely and accurate diagnosis of AITD in T1DM.展开更多
We extend the Blonder,Tinkham and Klapwijk theory to the study of the inverse proximity effects in the normal mental/superconductor/ferromagnet structures.In the superconducting film,there are the gapless superconduct...We extend the Blonder,Tinkham and Klapwijk theory to the study of the inverse proximity effects in the normal mental/superconductor/ferromagnet structures.In the superconducting film,there are the gapless superconductivity and the spin-dependent density of states both within and without the energy gap.It indicates an appearance of the inverse-proximity-effect-induced ferromagnetism and a coexistence of ferromagnetism and superconductivity near the interface.The influence of exchange energy in the ferromagnet and barrier strength at the superconductor/ferromagnet interface on the inverse proximity effects is discussed.展开更多
Many studies have already shown that dwarfism and moderate delayed leaf senescence positively impact rice yield,but the underlying molecular mechanism of dwarfism and leaf senescence remains largely unknown.Here,using...Many studies have already shown that dwarfism and moderate delayed leaf senescence positively impact rice yield,but the underlying molecular mechanism of dwarfism and leaf senescence remains largely unknown.Here,using map-based cloning,we identified an allele of DEP2,DDG1,which controls plant height and leaf senescence in rice.The ddg1 mutant displayed dwarfism,short panicles,and delayed leaf senescence.Compared with the wild-type,ddg1 was insensitive to exogenous gibberellins(GA)and brassinolide(BR).DDG1 is expressed in various organs,especially in stems and panicles.Yeast two-hybrid assay,bimolecular fluorescent complementation and luciferase complementation image assay showed that DDG1 interacts with theα-subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein.Disruption of RGA1 resulted in dwarfism,short panicles,and darker-green leaves.Furthermore,we found that ddg1 and the RGA1 mutant was more sensitive to salt treatment,suggesting that DDG1 and RGA1 are involved in regulating salt stress response in rice.Our results show that DDG1/DEP2 regulates plant height and leaf senescence through interacting with RGA1.展开更多
The extraction of lithium from salt lakes or seawater has attracted worldwide attention because of the explosive growth of global demand for lithium products. The LiMn_(2)O_(4)-based electrochemical lithium recovery s...The extraction of lithium from salt lakes or seawater has attracted worldwide attention because of the explosive growth of global demand for lithium products. The LiMn_(2)O_(4)-based electrochemical lithium recovery system is one of the strongest candidates for commercial application due to its high inserted capacity and low energy consumption. However, the surface orientation of LiMn_(2)O_(4)that facilitates Li diffusion happens to be prone to manganese dissolution making it a great challenge to obtain high lithium inserted capacity and long life simultaneously. Herein, we address this problem by designing a truncated octahedral LiMn_(2)O_(4)(Tr-oh LMO) in which the dominant(111) facets minimize Mn dissolution while a small portion of(100) facets facilitate the Li diffusion. Thus, this Tr-oh LMO-based electrochemical lithium recovery system shows excellent Li recovery performance with high inserted capacity(20.25 mg g^(-1)per cycle) in simulated brine. In addition, the dissolution rate of manganese per 30 cycles is only 0.44% and the capacity maintained 85% of the initial after 30 cycles. These promising findings accelerate the practical application of LiMn_(2)O_(4)in electrochemical lithium recovery.展开更多
Plant chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development are two complex processes that are regulated by exogenous and endogenous factors. In this study, we identified OsDXR, a gene encoding a reductoisomerase that ...Plant chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development are two complex processes that are regulated by exogenous and endogenous factors. In this study, we identified OsDXR, a gene encoding a reductoisomerase that positively regulates chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development in rice. OsDXR knock-out lines displayed the albino phenotype and could not complete the whole life cycle process. OsDXR was highly expressed in rice leaves, and subcellular localization indicated that OsDXR is a chloroplast protein. Many genes involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development were differentially expressed in the OsDXR knock-out lines compared to the wild type.Moreover, we found that the RNA editing efficiencies of ndhA-1019 and rpl2-1 were significantly reduced in the OsDXR knock-out lines. Furthermore, OsDXR interacted with the RNA editing factor OsMORF1 in a yeast two-hybrid screen and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay. Finally, disruption of the plastidial 2-C-methyl-derythritol-4-phosphate pathway resulted in defects in chloroplast development and the RNA editing of chloroplast genes.展开更多
Although tocopherols are essential for rice development,the molecular details by which their absence affects development remain to be determined.To study how tocopherols function during rice development,we performed a...Although tocopherols are essential for rice development,the molecular details by which their absence affects development remain to be determined.To study how tocopherols function during rice development,we performed a transcriptome deep sequencing(RNA-seq)analysis of the rice cultivar Nipponbare(Nip)and the tocopherol-deficient mutant small grain and dwarf 1-2(sgd1-2).We identified 563 differentially expressed genes that were enriched in Gene Ontology categories associated with metabolism,stress,cellular responses,and transcriptional regulation.We determined that the total fatty acid composition of Nip and sgd1-2 was comparable,although cell membrane penetrability in sgd1-2 was significantly higher than in Nip under optimal growth conditions,indicating that tocopherol deficiency induces cell membrane damage.The expression levels of dehydration-responsive element binding 1(DREB1)genes and free proline content in sgd1-2 were also higher than those in Nip.We also showed that the DELLA protein SLENDER RICE1(SLR1)accumulated in sgd1-2,resulting in significant changes in the global transcriptome.Our study confirms that the lack of tocopherol accumulation in rice induced ectopic stress responses and limited growth by enhancing SLR1 abundance through increasing SLR1 transcript levels.These results provide new insights into tocopherol during rice development.展开更多
In order to satisfy the growing global demand for lithium, selective extraction of lithium from brine has attracted extensive attention. LiMn_(2)O_(4)-based electrochemical lithium recovery system is one of the best c...In order to satisfy the growing global demand for lithium, selective extraction of lithium from brine has attracted extensive attention. LiMn_(2)O_(4)-based electrochemical lithium recovery system is one of the best choices for commercial applications because of its high selectivity and low energy consumption.However, the low ion diffusion coefficient of lithium manganate limits the further development of electrochemical lithium recovery system. In this work, a novel porous disc-like LiMn_(2)O_(4) was successfully synthesized for the first time via two-step annealing manganese(Ⅱ) precursors. The as-prepared LiMn_(2)O_(4) exhibits porous disc-like morphology, excellent crystallinity, high Li^(+)diffusion coefficient(average 7.6×10^(-9)cm^(2)·s^(-1)), high cycle stability(after 30 uninterrupted extraction and release cycles, the crystal structure hardly changed) and superior rate capacity(93.5% retention from 10-120 mA·g^(-1)). The porous structure and disc-like morphology further promote the contact between lithium ions and electrode materials. Therefore, the assembled electrochemical lithium extraction device with LiMn_(2)O_(4) as positive electrode and silver as negative electrode can realize the rapid and selective extraction of lithium in simulated brine(adsorption capacity of lithium can reach 4.85 mg·g^(-1) in 1 h). The mechanism of disc-like LiMn_(2)O_(4) in electrochemical lithium extraction was proposed based on the analysis of electrochemical characterization and quasi in situ XRD. This novel structure may further promote the practical application of electrochemical lithium extraction from brine.展开更多
The continuous development of agricultural technologies and produces trade and updated state reforms strongly shape the dominant organizing styles of local agriculture production.Since the end of the 1970s,rural China...The continuous development of agricultural technologies and produces trade and updated state reforms strongly shape the dominant organizing styles of local agriculture production.Since the end of the 1970s,rural China has witnessed a drastic agriculture transformation featured by de-collectivization,and recently in Taicang,a developed city in the eastern China,a kind of new cooperative farms have replaced the smallholders by pooling households’contracted farmland,signaling a new shift tendency towards agriculture recollectivization that is distinctive compared to other countries.Given the state governance’s leadership in promoting this latest transformation,drawing on the theoretical concept of‘governmentality’that is powerful in understanding how to govern the society to meet certain objectives,this paper examines the accurate processes of agriculture re-collectivization in Taicang City based on the methods of semi-structured interview and participant observation.Our research shows that the China’s tax-sharing and relevant reforms in the 1990s framed a new governance structure in line with the new mode of‘governmentality’closely linked to‘advanced liberalism’,creating the responsibility shift from central to local governments and a set of evaluation technologies,and guiding various actors to engage in the agriculture re-collectivization practice in Taicang.Importantly,the considerable subsidies and the impressive extension services in terms of farming personnel training and agricultural techniques diffusion underpin the normal running of cooperative farms and contribute to the local implementation of national strategy of agriculture modernization.We argue that the combination of distinctive institutional arrangement of rural land owned by village collectives in China and the burgeoning local economy allows the developed areas to re-collectivizing the agriculture production for ensuring grain self-sufficiency rather than capturing more share in global agriculture products trade,and that the cooperative farms in our case have been deeply integrated into the‘modern procurement system’and become more sensitive to market fluctuation,requiring rural extension service to transform towards farms’capacity building for maintaining the longterm development momentum.展开更多
In this paper,we investigate covert communications in data collected IoT with NOMA,where the paired sensor nodes S_(m) and S_(n) transmit covert messages to a legitimate receiver(Bob)in the presence of a Warden(Willie...In this paper,we investigate covert communications in data collected IoT with NOMA,where the paired sensor nodes S_(m) and S_(n) transmit covert messages to a legitimate receiver(Bob)in the presence of a Warden(Willie).To confuse the detection at Willie,an extra multi-antenna friendly jammer(Jammer)has been employed to transmit artificial noise(AN)with random power.Based on the CSI of Willie is available or not at Jammer,three AN transmission schemes,including null-space artificial noise(NAN),transmit antenna selection(TAS),and zeroforcing beamforming(ZFB),are proposed.Furthermore,the closed-form expressions of expected minimum detection error probability(EMDEP)and joint connection outage probability(JCOP)are derived to measure covertness and reliability,respectively.Finally,the maximum effective covert rate(ECR)is obtained with a given covertness constraint.The numerical results show that ZFB scheme has the best maximum ECR in the case of the number of antennas satisfies N>2,and the same maximum ECR can be achieved in ZFB and NAN schemes with N=2.Moreover,TAS scheme also can improve the maximum ECR compared with the benchmark scheme(i.e.,signal-antenna jammer).In addition,a proper NOMA node pairing can further improve the maximum ECR.展开更多
Career identity is one of the important topics to study the psychological problems of employees,especially after the outbreak of CoV-19.Being a populous country in the world,China has a large number of employees from ...Career identity is one of the important topics to study the psychological problems of employees,especially after the outbreak of CoV-19.Being a populous country in the world,China has a large number of employees from all walks of life,and its research on career identity has attracted more and more attention.Thus,this study aims to sort out the history,characteristics,and trends of the research on career identity in China through a literature review,which can help more scholars pay attention to China’s career identity research.In this study,Citespace is used to statistically analyze the selected literature from China’s National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)and Web of Science(WOS).The results show that:(1)The historical evolution of career identity research in China can be divided into three stages:germination,development and maturity.(2)From the perspective of cooperation between authors and institutions,researchers tend to do independent research,mainly focusing on the research in the field of psychology.(3)From the key words,career identity and employability are the main high-frequency words.(4)From the cluster analysis,the research focuses mainly include social support,teachers’career identity,influencing factors,and job involvement.(5)From the emergent analysis,it can be seen that the research on roles and differences between urban and rural areas is weakening,and the research on factors such as job satisfaction is gradually strengthening as the frontier theme.Finally,according to the existing analysis results,this study predicts the future trend of career identity in China and thinks that it will extend from the fields of concept explanation,interdisciplinary research,scientific research tools,and so on.展开更多
Teaching writing is an essential component of Chinese education in primary schools and an important foundation for students’reading,writing,and core literacy development.However,due to various reasons,children in the...Teaching writing is an essential component of Chinese education in primary schools and an important foundation for students’reading,writing,and core literacy development.However,due to various reasons,children in the lower grades always face multiple difficulties in the learning task of writing.Based on this educational status quo,this article puts forward strategic suggestions for improving writing skills in the lower grades of primary school.Teachers should analyze students and attend to each student individually,optimize teaching methods,and implement hierarchical teaching.They should also strengthen the training of students’fine motor skills to solidify the physiological foundation for writing.Emphasis should be placed on cultivating the core quality of aesthetic creation.Employing multiple process evaluations can inspire children’s long-term interest in learning.展开更多
We propose two schemes for realizing quantum secure direct communication (QSDC)by using a set ofordered two-photon three-dimensional hyperentangled states entangled in two degrees of freedom (DOFs)as quantuminformatio...We propose two schemes for realizing quantum secure direct communication (QSDC)by using a set ofordered two-photon three-dimensional hyperentangled states entangled in two degrees of freedom (DOFs)as quantuminformation channels.In the first scheme,the photons from Bob to Alice are transmitted only once.After insuring thesecurity of the quantum channels,Bob encodes the secret message on his photons.Then Alice performs single-photontwo-DOF Bell bases measurements on her photons.This scheme has better security than former QSDC protocols.In thesecond scheme,Bob transmits photons to Alice twice.After insuring the security of the quantum channels,Bob encodesthe secret message on his photons.Then Alice performs two-photon Bell bases measurements on each DOF.The schemehas more information capacity than former QSDC protocols.展开更多
To improve the catalytic activity of amorphous Co-B alloys, Co-B coated aluminum (Co-B/Al) nanocomposites were prepared by electroless coating technique and evaluated as additives for the catalytic performance of ammo...To improve the catalytic activity of amorphous Co-B alloys, Co-B coated aluminum (Co-B/Al) nanocomposites were prepared by electroless coating technique and evaluated as additives for the catalytic performance of ammonium perchlorate (AP) and AP-based solid state propellants. X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), inductive coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) as well as strand burner method were employed to characterize the crystal phase, morphologies, chemical composition, and catalytic activity of the as-synthesized material. The results show that a continuous layer of about 100 nm amorphous Co72.6B27.4 covers the surfaces of Al particles. Addition of the as-synthesized Co-B/Al nanocomposites as catalysts promotes AP decomposition, enhances the burning rate, and lowers the pressure exponent of the AP-based propellants considerably.展开更多
Local structure-preserving algorithms including multi-symplectic, local energy-and momentum-preserving schemes are proposed for the generalized Rosenau–RLW–Kd V equation based on the multi-symplectic Hamiltonian for...Local structure-preserving algorithms including multi-symplectic, local energy-and momentum-preserving schemes are proposed for the generalized Rosenau–RLW–Kd V equation based on the multi-symplectic Hamiltonian formula of the equation. Each of the present algorithms holds a discrete conservation law in any time–space region. For the original problem subjected to appropriate boundary conditions, these algorithms will be globally conservative. Discrete fast Fourier transform makes a significant improvement to the computational efficiency of schemes. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithms have satisfactory performance in providing an accurate solution and preserving the discrete invariants.展开更多
We derive a new method for a coupled nonlinear Schrdinger system by using the square of first-order Fourier spectral differentiation matrix D1 instead of traditional second-order Fourier spectral differentiation mat...We derive a new method for a coupled nonlinear Schrdinger system by using the square of first-order Fourier spectral differentiation matrix D1 instead of traditional second-order Fourier spectral differentiation matrix D2 to approximate the second derivative.We prove the proposed method preserves the charge and energy conservation laws exactly.In numerical tests,we display the accuracy of numerical solution and the role of the nonlinear coupling parameter in cases of soliton collisions.Numerical experiments also exhibit the excellent performance of the method in preserving the charge and energy conservation laws.These numerical results verify that the proposed method is both a charge-preserving and an energy-preserving algorithm.展开更多
Superoxide dismutase(SOD) is a crucial antioxidant enzyme playing the first defense line in antioxidant pathways against reactive oxygen species in various organisms including marine invertebrates. There exist mainly ...Superoxide dismutase(SOD) is a crucial antioxidant enzyme playing the first defense line in antioxidant pathways against reactive oxygen species in various organisms including marine invertebrates. There exist mainly two specific forms, Cu/Zn-SOD(SOD1) and Mn-SOD(SOD2), in eukaryotes. SODs are known to be concurrently modulated by a variety of environmental stressors. By using central composite experimental design and response surface method, the joint effects of water temperature(18–34°C) and copper ion concentration(0.1–1.5 mg/L) on the total SOD activity in the digestive gland of Crassostrea ariakensis were studied. The results showed that the linear effect of temperature was highly significant(P<0.01), the quadratic effect of temperature was significant(P<0.05); the linear effect of copper ion concentration was not significant(P>0.05), while the quadratic effect of copper ion concentration was highly significant(P<0.01); the interactive effect of temperature and copper ion concentration was not significant(P>0.05); the effect of temperature was greater than that of copper ion concentration. The model equation of digestive gland SOD enzyme activity towards the two factors of interest was established, with R2 and predictive R2 as high as 0.961 6 and 0.820 7, respectively, suggesting that the goodness-offit to experimental data be very satisfactory, and could be applied to prediction of digestive gland SOD activity in C. ariakensis under the conditions of the experiment. Our results would be conducive to addressing the health of aquatic animals and/or to detecting environmental problems by taking SOD as a potential bioindicator.展开更多
In this article,the interior layer for a second order nonlinear singularly perturbed differential-difference equation is considered.Using the methods of boundary function and fractional steps,we construct the formula ...In this article,the interior layer for a second order nonlinear singularly perturbed differential-difference equation is considered.Using the methods of boundary function and fractional steps,we construct the formula of asymptotic expansion and point out that the boundary layer at t = 0 has a great influence upon the interior layer at t = σ.At the same time,on the basis of differential inequality techniques,the existence of the smooth solution and the uniform validity of the asymptotic expansion are proved.Finally,an example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of our result.The result of this article is new and it complements the previously known ones.展开更多
基金Open Project of Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake,Grant Number HZHLAB2201.
文摘Carbon monoxide(CO)and nitric oxide(NO)are signal molecules that enhance plant adaptation to environmental stimuli.Auxin is an essential phytohormone for plant growth and development.CO and NO play crucial roles in modulating the plant’s response to iron deficiency.Iron deficiency leads to an increase in the activity of heme oxygenase(HO)and the subsequent generation of CO.Additionally,it alters the polar subcellular distribution of Pin-Formed 1(PIN1)proteins,resulting in enhanced auxin transport.This alteration,in turn,leads to an increase in NO accumulation.Furthermore,iron deficiency enhances the activity of ferric chelate reductase(FCR),as well as the expression of the Fer-like iron deficiency-induced transcription factor 1(FIT)and the ferric reduction oxidase 2(FRO2)genes in plant roots.Overexpression of the long hypocotyl 1(HY1)gene,which encodes heme oxygenase,or the CO donor treatment resulted in enhanced basipetal auxin transport,higher FCR activity,and the expression of FIT and FRO2 genes under Fe deficiency.Here,a potential mechanism is proposed:CO and NO interact with auxin to address iron deficiency stress.CO alters auxin transport,enhancing its accumulation in roots and up-regulating key iron-related genes like FRO2 and IRT1.Elevated auxin levels affect NO signaling,leading to greater sensitivity in root development.This interplay promotes FCR activity,which is crucial for iron absorption.Together,these molecules enhance iron uptake and root growth,revealing a novel aspect of plant physiology in adapting to environmental stress.
文摘As a common hyperglycemic disease,type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)is a complicated disorder that requires a lifelong insulin supply due to the immunemediated destruction of pancreaticβcells.Although it is an organ-specific autoimmune disorder,T1DM is often associated with multiple other autoimmune disorders.The most prevalent concomitant autoimmune disorder occurring in T1DM is autoimmune thyroid disease(AITD),which mainly exhibits two extremes of phenotypes:hyperthyroidism[Graves'disease(GD)]and hypothyroidism[Hashimoto's thyroiditis,(HT)].However,the presence of comorbid AITD may negatively affect metabolic management in T1DM patients and thereby may increase the risk for potential diabetes-related complications.Thus,routine screening of thyroid function has been recommended when T1DM is diagnosed.Here,first,we summarize current knowledge regarding the etiology and pathogenesis mechanisms of both diseases.Subsequently,an updated review of the association between T1DM and AITD is offered.Finally,we provide a relatively detailed review focusing on the application of thyroid ultrasonography in diagnosing and managing HT and GD,suggesting its critical role in the timely and accurate diagnosis of AITD in T1DM.
基金Project supported by the Special Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.10847132 and 10847133)the Natural Science Foundation of Education Bureau of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.07KJD140024)
文摘We extend the Blonder,Tinkham and Klapwijk theory to the study of the inverse proximity effects in the normal mental/superconductor/ferromagnet structures.In the superconducting film,there are the gapless superconductivity and the spin-dependent density of states both within and without the energy gap.It indicates an appearance of the inverse-proximity-effect-induced ferromagnetism and a coexistence of ferromagnetism and superconductivity near the interface.The influence of exchange energy in the ferromagnet and barrier strength at the superconductor/ferromagnet interface on the inverse proximity effects is discussed.
基金supported by the Program for Huaishang Talents,Huai’an Academy of Agricultural Sciences Initiation and Development of Scientific Research Fund for High-Level Introduced Talents(0062019016B)Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture&Environmental Protection(HSXT30133)+1 种基金the Jiangsu Qinglan Project,the Hunan Province Natural Science Fund(2019JJ50714)the Student Innovation Program of Jinagsu Province(202110323084Y,202210323029Z).
文摘Many studies have already shown that dwarfism and moderate delayed leaf senescence positively impact rice yield,but the underlying molecular mechanism of dwarfism and leaf senescence remains largely unknown.Here,using map-based cloning,we identified an allele of DEP2,DDG1,which controls plant height and leaf senescence in rice.The ddg1 mutant displayed dwarfism,short panicles,and delayed leaf senescence.Compared with the wild-type,ddg1 was insensitive to exogenous gibberellins(GA)and brassinolide(BR).DDG1 is expressed in various organs,especially in stems and panicles.Yeast two-hybrid assay,bimolecular fluorescent complementation and luciferase complementation image assay showed that DDG1 interacts with theα-subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein.Disruption of RGA1 resulted in dwarfism,short panicles,and darker-green leaves.Furthermore,we found that ddg1 and the RGA1 mutant was more sensitive to salt treatment,suggesting that DDG1 and RGA1 are involved in regulating salt stress response in rice.Our results show that DDG1/DEP2 regulates plant height and leaf senescence through interacting with RGA1.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21878133,21908082,22178154)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20190854)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M671364,2021M701472)the Science&Technology Foundation of Zhenjiang (GY2020027)。
文摘The extraction of lithium from salt lakes or seawater has attracted worldwide attention because of the explosive growth of global demand for lithium products. The LiMn_(2)O_(4)-based electrochemical lithium recovery system is one of the strongest candidates for commercial application due to its high inserted capacity and low energy consumption. However, the surface orientation of LiMn_(2)O_(4)that facilitates Li diffusion happens to be prone to manganese dissolution making it a great challenge to obtain high lithium inserted capacity and long life simultaneously. Herein, we address this problem by designing a truncated octahedral LiMn_(2)O_(4)(Tr-oh LMO) in which the dominant(111) facets minimize Mn dissolution while a small portion of(100) facets facilitate the Li diffusion. Thus, this Tr-oh LMO-based electrochemical lithium recovery system shows excellent Li recovery performance with high inserted capacity(20.25 mg g^(-1)per cycle) in simulated brine. In addition, the dissolution rate of manganese per 30 cycles is only 0.44% and the capacity maintained 85% of the initial after 30 cycles. These promising findings accelerate the practical application of LiMn_(2)O_(4)in electrochemical lithium recovery.
基金supported by the Program for Subsidized Project of Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China(20028)the Science and Technology Foundation of Suzhou(SNG2020048)+3 种基金the Huaishang Talents,China,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32070345)the Huai’an Academy of Agricultural Sciences Initiation and Development of Scientific Research Fund for High-level Introduced Talents,China(0062019016B)the Six Talents Summit Project of Jiangsu Province,China(NY-129)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(BK20190239 and BK20180107)。
文摘Plant chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development are two complex processes that are regulated by exogenous and endogenous factors. In this study, we identified OsDXR, a gene encoding a reductoisomerase that positively regulates chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development in rice. OsDXR knock-out lines displayed the albino phenotype and could not complete the whole life cycle process. OsDXR was highly expressed in rice leaves, and subcellular localization indicated that OsDXR is a chloroplast protein. Many genes involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development were differentially expressed in the OsDXR knock-out lines compared to the wild type.Moreover, we found that the RNA editing efficiencies of ndhA-1019 and rpl2-1 were significantly reduced in the OsDXR knock-out lines. Furthermore, OsDXR interacted with the RNA editing factor OsMORF1 in a yeast two-hybrid screen and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay. Finally, disruption of the plastidial 2-C-methyl-derythritol-4-phosphate pathway resulted in defects in chloroplast development and the RNA editing of chloroplast genes.
基金supported by funding from the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20190239)Huai’an Academy of Agricultural Sciences Initiation and Development of Scientific Research Fund for High-Level Introduced Talents(0062019016B)the Scientific Research Fund Development Project of Huai’an Academy of Agricultural Sciences(HNY202102).
文摘Although tocopherols are essential for rice development,the molecular details by which their absence affects development remain to be determined.To study how tocopherols function during rice development,we performed a transcriptome deep sequencing(RNA-seq)analysis of the rice cultivar Nipponbare(Nip)and the tocopherol-deficient mutant small grain and dwarf 1-2(sgd1-2).We identified 563 differentially expressed genes that were enriched in Gene Ontology categories associated with metabolism,stress,cellular responses,and transcriptional regulation.We determined that the total fatty acid composition of Nip and sgd1-2 was comparable,although cell membrane penetrability in sgd1-2 was significantly higher than in Nip under optimal growth conditions,indicating that tocopherol deficiency induces cell membrane damage.The expression levels of dehydration-responsive element binding 1(DREB1)genes and free proline content in sgd1-2 were also higher than those in Nip.We also showed that the DELLA protein SLENDER RICE1(SLR1)accumulated in sgd1-2,resulting in significant changes in the global transcriptome.Our study confirms that the lack of tocopherol accumulation in rice induced ectopic stress responses and limited growth by enhancing SLR1 abundance through increasing SLR1 transcript levels.These results provide new insights into tocopherol during rice development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21878133, 21908082, 22178154)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20190854)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2020 M671364, 2021 M701472)the Science & Technology Foundation of Zhenjiang (GY2020027)。
文摘In order to satisfy the growing global demand for lithium, selective extraction of lithium from brine has attracted extensive attention. LiMn_(2)O_(4)-based electrochemical lithium recovery system is one of the best choices for commercial applications because of its high selectivity and low energy consumption.However, the low ion diffusion coefficient of lithium manganate limits the further development of electrochemical lithium recovery system. In this work, a novel porous disc-like LiMn_(2)O_(4) was successfully synthesized for the first time via two-step annealing manganese(Ⅱ) precursors. The as-prepared LiMn_(2)O_(4) exhibits porous disc-like morphology, excellent crystallinity, high Li^(+)diffusion coefficient(average 7.6×10^(-9)cm^(2)·s^(-1)), high cycle stability(after 30 uninterrupted extraction and release cycles, the crystal structure hardly changed) and superior rate capacity(93.5% retention from 10-120 mA·g^(-1)). The porous structure and disc-like morphology further promote the contact between lithium ions and electrode materials. Therefore, the assembled electrochemical lithium extraction device with LiMn_(2)O_(4) as positive electrode and silver as negative electrode can realize the rapid and selective extraction of lithium in simulated brine(adsorption capacity of lithium can reach 4.85 mg·g^(-1) in 1 h). The mechanism of disc-like LiMn_(2)O_(4) in electrochemical lithium extraction was proposed based on the analysis of electrochemical characterization and quasi in situ XRD. This novel structure may further promote the practical application of electrochemical lithium extraction from brine.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42171211,41971215,41901215,41771193)。
文摘The continuous development of agricultural technologies and produces trade and updated state reforms strongly shape the dominant organizing styles of local agriculture production.Since the end of the 1970s,rural China has witnessed a drastic agriculture transformation featured by de-collectivization,and recently in Taicang,a developed city in the eastern China,a kind of new cooperative farms have replaced the smallholders by pooling households’contracted farmland,signaling a new shift tendency towards agriculture recollectivization that is distinctive compared to other countries.Given the state governance’s leadership in promoting this latest transformation,drawing on the theoretical concept of‘governmentality’that is powerful in understanding how to govern the society to meet certain objectives,this paper examines the accurate processes of agriculture re-collectivization in Taicang City based on the methods of semi-structured interview and participant observation.Our research shows that the China’s tax-sharing and relevant reforms in the 1990s framed a new governance structure in line with the new mode of‘governmentality’closely linked to‘advanced liberalism’,creating the responsibility shift from central to local governments and a set of evaluation technologies,and guiding various actors to engage in the agriculture re-collectivization practice in Taicang.Importantly,the considerable subsidies and the impressive extension services in terms of farming personnel training and agricultural techniques diffusion underpin the normal running of cooperative farms and contribute to the local implementation of national strategy of agriculture modernization.We argue that the combination of distinctive institutional arrangement of rural land owned by village collectives in China and the burgeoning local economy allows the developed areas to re-collectivizing the agriculture production for ensuring grain self-sufficiency rather than capturing more share in global agriculture products trade,and that the cooperative farms in our case have been deeply integrated into the‘modern procurement system’and become more sensitive to market fluctuation,requiring rural extension service to transform towards farms’capacity building for maintaining the longterm development momentum.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant(no.62071486,no.61771487,no.62171464).
文摘In this paper,we investigate covert communications in data collected IoT with NOMA,where the paired sensor nodes S_(m) and S_(n) transmit covert messages to a legitimate receiver(Bob)in the presence of a Warden(Willie).To confuse the detection at Willie,an extra multi-antenna friendly jammer(Jammer)has been employed to transmit artificial noise(AN)with random power.Based on the CSI of Willie is available or not at Jammer,three AN transmission schemes,including null-space artificial noise(NAN),transmit antenna selection(TAS),and zeroforcing beamforming(ZFB),are proposed.Furthermore,the closed-form expressions of expected minimum detection error probability(EMDEP)and joint connection outage probability(JCOP)are derived to measure covertness and reliability,respectively.Finally,the maximum effective covert rate(ECR)is obtained with a given covertness constraint.The numerical results show that ZFB scheme has the best maximum ECR in the case of the number of antennas satisfies N>2,and the same maximum ECR can be achieved in ZFB and NAN schemes with N=2.Moreover,TAS scheme also can improve the maximum ECR compared with the benchmark scheme(i.e.,signal-antenna jammer).In addition,a proper NOMA node pairing can further improve the maximum ECR.
基金This study was funded by Jiangsu Province General Research Project of Philosophy and Social Sciences in Universities,Grant No.“2021SJA0488”Jiangsu Graduate Innovation Project,Grant No.“KYCX20_1145”China Scholarship Council Projects,Grant No.“202006860031”.
文摘Career identity is one of the important topics to study the psychological problems of employees,especially after the outbreak of CoV-19.Being a populous country in the world,China has a large number of employees from all walks of life,and its research on career identity has attracted more and more attention.Thus,this study aims to sort out the history,characteristics,and trends of the research on career identity in China through a literature review,which can help more scholars pay attention to China’s career identity research.In this study,Citespace is used to statistically analyze the selected literature from China’s National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)and Web of Science(WOS).The results show that:(1)The historical evolution of career identity research in China can be divided into three stages:germination,development and maturity.(2)From the perspective of cooperation between authors and institutions,researchers tend to do independent research,mainly focusing on the research in the field of psychology.(3)From the key words,career identity and employability are the main high-frequency words.(4)From the cluster analysis,the research focuses mainly include social support,teachers’career identity,influencing factors,and job involvement.(5)From the emergent analysis,it can be seen that the research on roles and differences between urban and rural areas is weakening,and the research on factors such as job satisfaction is gradually strengthening as the frontier theme.Finally,according to the existing analysis results,this study predicts the future trend of career identity in China and thinks that it will extend from the fields of concept explanation,interdisciplinary research,scientific research tools,and so on.
文摘Teaching writing is an essential component of Chinese education in primary schools and an important foundation for students’reading,writing,and core literacy development.However,due to various reasons,children in the lower grades always face multiple difficulties in the learning task of writing.Based on this educational status quo,this article puts forward strategic suggestions for improving writing skills in the lower grades of primary school.Teachers should analyze students and attend to each student individually,optimize teaching methods,and implement hierarchical teaching.They should also strengthen the training of students’fine motor skills to solidify the physiological foundation for writing.Emphasis should be placed on cultivating the core quality of aesthetic creation.Employing multiple process evaluations can inspire children’s long-term interest in learning.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China under Grant Nos. 10904066 and 11004096the State Key Program for Basic Research of China under Grant No. 2011CBA00205
文摘We propose two schemes for realizing quantum secure direct communication (QSDC)by using a set ofordered two-photon three-dimensional hyperentangled states entangled in two degrees of freedom (DOFs)as quantuminformation channels.In the first scheme,the photons from Bob to Alice are transmitted only once.After insuring thesecurity of the quantum channels,Bob encodes the secret message on his photons.Then Alice performs single-photontwo-DOF Bell bases measurements on her photons.This scheme has better security than former QSDC protocols.In thesecond scheme,Bob transmits photons to Alice twice.After insuring the security of the quantum channels,Bob encodesthe secret message on his photons.Then Alice performs two-photon Bell bases measurements on each DOF.The schemehas more information capacity than former QSDC protocols.
文摘我们建议一个计划到 teleport 由把一个高度维的纠缠的状态用作量隧道的一个未知 single-qubit 状态。作为一种特殊情况，为经由三维的纠缠的状态的一个未知 single-qubit 状态的远距传物的一个计划详细被调查。另外，这个计划能被使用一个 d 维的纠缠的状态直接概括到一个未知 f 维的状态(d > f ) 作为量隧道。[从作者抽象]
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50876046)
文摘To improve the catalytic activity of amorphous Co-B alloys, Co-B coated aluminum (Co-B/Al) nanocomposites were prepared by electroless coating technique and evaluated as additives for the catalytic performance of ammonium perchlorate (AP) and AP-based solid state propellants. X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), inductive coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) as well as strand burner method were employed to characterize the crystal phase, morphologies, chemical composition, and catalytic activity of the as-synthesized material. The results show that a continuous layer of about 100 nm amorphous Co72.6B27.4 covers the surfaces of Al particles. Addition of the as-synthesized Co-B/Al nanocomposites as catalysts promotes AP decomposition, enhances the burning rate, and lowers the pressure exponent of the AP-based propellants considerably.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11201169 and 61672013)the Foundation of Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Numerical Simulation of Large Scale Complex Systems(Grant No.201606)
文摘Local structure-preserving algorithms including multi-symplectic, local energy-and momentum-preserving schemes are proposed for the generalized Rosenau–RLW–Kd V equation based on the multi-symplectic Hamiltonian formula of the equation. Each of the present algorithms holds a discrete conservation law in any time–space region. For the original problem subjected to appropriate boundary conditions, these algorithms will be globally conservative. Discrete fast Fourier transform makes a significant improvement to the computational efficiency of schemes. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithms have satisfactory performance in providing an accurate solution and preserving the discrete invariants.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11201169 and 11271195)the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2010AA012304)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Education Bureau,China (Grant Nos. 10KJB110001 and 12KJB110002)the Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province of China
文摘We derive a new method for a coupled nonlinear Schrdinger system by using the square of first-order Fourier spectral differentiation matrix D1 instead of traditional second-order Fourier spectral differentiation matrix D2 to approximate the second derivative.We prove the proposed method preserves the charge and energy conservation laws exactly.In numerical tests,we display the accuracy of numerical solution and the role of the nonlinear coupling parameter in cases of soliton collisions.Numerical experiments also exhibit the excellent performance of the method in preserving the charge and energy conservation laws.These numerical results verify that the proposed method is both a charge-preserving and an energy-preserving algorithm.
基金The Guangdong Province Education Department under contract No.GCZX-A0909the Guangdong Province Ocean and Fisheries Science & Technology Extension Project under contract No.20120980+1 种基金the Guangdong Province Industry-University-Science Partnership Project under contract No.20110908the Science&Technology Project of Huaiyin Normal University under contract No.WH0031
文摘Superoxide dismutase(SOD) is a crucial antioxidant enzyme playing the first defense line in antioxidant pathways against reactive oxygen species in various organisms including marine invertebrates. There exist mainly two specific forms, Cu/Zn-SOD(SOD1) and Mn-SOD(SOD2), in eukaryotes. SODs are known to be concurrently modulated by a variety of environmental stressors. By using central composite experimental design and response surface method, the joint effects of water temperature(18–34°C) and copper ion concentration(0.1–1.5 mg/L) on the total SOD activity in the digestive gland of Crassostrea ariakensis were studied. The results showed that the linear effect of temperature was highly significant(P<0.01), the quadratic effect of temperature was significant(P<0.05); the linear effect of copper ion concentration was not significant(P>0.05), while the quadratic effect of copper ion concentration was highly significant(P<0.01); the interactive effect of temperature and copper ion concentration was not significant(P>0.05); the effect of temperature was greater than that of copper ion concentration. The model equation of digestive gland SOD enzyme activity towards the two factors of interest was established, with R2 and predictive R2 as high as 0.961 6 and 0.820 7, respectively, suggesting that the goodness-offit to experimental data be very satisfactory, and could be applied to prediction of digestive gland SOD activity in C. ariakensis under the conditions of the experiment. Our results would be conducive to addressing the health of aquatic animals and/or to detecting environmental problems by taking SOD as a potential bioindicator.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Funds (11071075)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(10ZR1409200)+1 种基金the National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules,Institute of Biophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe E-Institutes of Shanghai Municipal Education Commissions(E03004)
文摘In this article,the interior layer for a second order nonlinear singularly perturbed differential-difference equation is considered.Using the methods of boundary function and fractional steps,we construct the formula of asymptotic expansion and point out that the boundary layer at t = 0 has a great influence upon the interior layer at t = σ.At the same time,on the basis of differential inequality techniques,the existence of the smooth solution and the uniform validity of the asymptotic expansion are proved.Finally,an example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of our result.The result of this article is new and it complements the previously known ones.
