Epigenetic mechanisms play an important part in the regulation of gene expression and these alterations may induce long-term changes in gene function and metabolism.They have received extensive attention in bridging t...Epigenetic mechanisms play an important part in the regulation of gene expression and these alterations may induce long-term changes in gene function and metabolism.They have received extensive attention in bridging the gap between environmental exposures and disease development via their influence on gene expression.DNA methylation is the earliest discovered epigenetic alteration.In this review,we try to examine the role of DNA methylation and histone modification in Age related macular degeneration(AMD)and Diabetic Retinopathy(DR),its vascular complications and recent progress.Given the complex nature of AMD and DR,it is crucial to improve therapeutics which will greatly enhance the quality of life and reduce the burden for millions of patients living with these potentially blinding conditions.展开更多
Autism is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorder with no precise etiology.Deficits in cognitive functions uncover at early stages and are known to have an environmental and genetic basis.Sinc...Autism is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorder with no precise etiology.Deficits in cognitive functions uncover at early stages and are known to have an environmental and genetic basis.Since autism is multifaceted and also linked with other comorbidities associated with various organs,there is a possibility that there may be a fundamental cellular process responsible for this.These reasons place mitochondria at the point of interest as it is involved in multiple cellular processes predominantly involving meta-bolism.Mitochondria encoded genes were taken into consideration lately because it is inher-ited maternally,has its own genome and also functions the time of embryo development.Various researches have linked mitochondrial mishaps like oxidative stress,ROS production and mt-DNA copy number variations to autism.Despite dramatic advances in autism research worldwide,the studies focusing on mitochondrial dysfunction in autism is rather minimal,especially in India.India,owing to its rich diversity,may be able to contribute significantly to autism research.It is vital to urge more studies in this domain as it may help to completely understand the basics of the condition apart from a genetic standpoint.This review focuses on the worldwide and Indian scenario of autism research;mitochondrial abnormalities in autism and possible therapeutic approaches to combat it.展开更多
基金We thank Vision Research Foundation,Sankara Nethralaya,Chennai for supporting necessary facilities to carry out this review.
文摘Epigenetic mechanisms play an important part in the regulation of gene expression and these alterations may induce long-term changes in gene function and metabolism.They have received extensive attention in bridging the gap between environmental exposures and disease development via their influence on gene expression.DNA methylation is the earliest discovered epigenetic alteration.In this review,we try to examine the role of DNA methylation and histone modification in Age related macular degeneration(AMD)and Diabetic Retinopathy(DR),its vascular complications and recent progress.Given the complex nature of AMD and DR,it is crucial to improve therapeutics which will greatly enhance the quality of life and reduce the burden for millions of patients living with these potentially blinding conditions.
基金This work was supported by Science and Engineering Research Board(SERB)[grant number ECR/2016/001688].
文摘Autism is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorder with no precise etiology.Deficits in cognitive functions uncover at early stages and are known to have an environmental and genetic basis.Since autism is multifaceted and also linked with other comorbidities associated with various organs,there is a possibility that there may be a fundamental cellular process responsible for this.These reasons place mitochondria at the point of interest as it is involved in multiple cellular processes predominantly involving meta-bolism.Mitochondria encoded genes were taken into consideration lately because it is inher-ited maternally,has its own genome and also functions the time of embryo development.Various researches have linked mitochondrial mishaps like oxidative stress,ROS production and mt-DNA copy number variations to autism.Despite dramatic advances in autism research worldwide,the studies focusing on mitochondrial dysfunction in autism is rather minimal,especially in India.India,owing to its rich diversity,may be able to contribute significantly to autism research.It is vital to urge more studies in this domain as it may help to completely understand the basics of the condition apart from a genetic standpoint.This review focuses on the worldwide and Indian scenario of autism research;mitochondrial abnormalities in autism and possible therapeutic approaches to combat it.
