Recently, there have been some attempts of Transformer in 3D point cloud classification. In order to reduce computations, most existing methods focus on local spatial attention,but ignore their content and fail to est...Recently, there have been some attempts of Transformer in 3D point cloud classification. In order to reduce computations, most existing methods focus on local spatial attention,but ignore their content and fail to establish relationships between distant but relevant points. To overcome the limitation of local spatial attention, we propose a point content-based Transformer architecture, called PointConT for short. It exploits the locality of points in the feature space(content-based), which clusters the sampled points with similar features into the same class and computes the self-attention within each class, thus enabling an effective trade-off between capturing long-range dependencies and computational complexity. We further introduce an inception feature aggregator for point cloud classification, which uses parallel structures to aggregate high-frequency and low-frequency information in each branch separately. Extensive experiments show that our PointConT model achieves a remarkable performance on point cloud shape classification. Especially, our method exhibits 90.3% Top-1 accuracy on the hardest setting of ScanObjectN N. Source code of this paper is available at https://github.com/yahuiliu99/PointC onT.展开更多
Very recently,intensive discussions and studies on Industry 5.0 have sprung up and caused the attention of researchers,entrepreneurs,and policymakers from various sectors around the world.However,there is no consensus...Very recently,intensive discussions and studies on Industry 5.0 have sprung up and caused the attention of researchers,entrepreneurs,and policymakers from various sectors around the world.However,there is no consensus on why and what is Industry 5.0 yet.In this paper,we define Industry 5.0from its philosophical and historical origin and evolution,emphasize its new thinking on virtual-real duality and human-machine interaction,and introduce its new theory and technology based on parallel intelligence(PI),artificial societies,computational experiments,and parallel execution(the ACP method),and cyber-physical-social systems(CPSS).Case studies and applications of Industry 5.0 over the last decade have been briefly summarized and analyzed with suggestions for its future development.We believe that Industry 5.0 of virtual-real interactive parallel industries has great potentials and is critical for building smart societies.Steps are outlined to ensure a roadmap that would lead to a smooth transition from CPS-based Industry 4.0 to CPSS-based Industry 5.0 for a better world which is Safe in physical spaces,S ecure in cyberspaces,Sustainable in ecology,Sensitive in individual privacy and rights,Service for all,and Smartness of all.展开更多
Online traffic simulation that feeds from online information to simulate vehicle movement in real-time has recently seen substantial advancement in the development of intelligent transportation systems and urban traff...Online traffic simulation that feeds from online information to simulate vehicle movement in real-time has recently seen substantial advancement in the development of intelligent transportation systems and urban traffic management.It has been a challenging problem due to three aspects:1)The diversity of traffic patterns due to heterogeneous layouts of urban intersections;2)The nature of complex spatiotemporal correlations;3)The requirement of dynamically adjusting the parameters of traffic models in a real-time system.To cater to these challenges,this paper proposes an online traffic simulation framework called automated urban traffic operation simulation via meta-learning(AUTOSIM).In particular,simulation models with various intersection layouts are automatically generated using an open-source simulation tool based on static traffic geometry attributes.Through a meta-learning technique,AUTOSIM enables an automated learning process for dynamic model settings of traffic scenarios featured with different spatiotemporal correlations.Besides,AUTOSIM is capable of adapting traffic model parameters according to dynamic traffic information in real-time by using a meta-learner.Through computational experiments,we demonstrate the effectiveness of the meta-learningbased framework that is capable of providing reliable supports to real-time traffic simulation and dynamic traffic operations.展开更多
In this work, optical scattering using Raman spectroscopy has been analyzed for various cancer tissues. The Raman shifts obtained at the Indiana University Bloomington (IUB) and Indiana University-Purdue University In...In this work, optical scattering using Raman spectroscopy has been analyzed for various cancer tissues. The Raman shifts obtained at the Indiana University Bloomington (IUB) and Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) laboratories have been processed for diagnosing various types of cancer tissues. The objective of this research is to distinguish between cancerous and non-cancerous tissues. Small size tissue samples have been processed, seeking the minimum size tissue that can be diagnosed via Raman spectroscopy. The tests have been conducted on nearly 20 human tissues. A Matlab program has been written following Parzen-Window classifier to recognize the Raman shift pattern for various types of cancer tissues, including breast cancer, kidney, and Gyn-Uterus. A software visual model has been used for data processing. Unique signals for breast and kidney tumors have been obtained. The approach followed in this paper shows promise for early cancer detection in humans.展开更多
Driver state sensing technologies, such as vehicular systems, start to be widely considered by automotive manufacturers. To reduce the cost and minimize the intrusiveness towards driving, the majority of these systems...Driver state sensing technologies, such as vehicular systems, start to be widely considered by automotive manufacturers. To reduce the cost and minimize the intrusiveness towards driving, the majority of these systems rely on the in-cabin camera(s) and other optical sensors. With their great capabilities in detecting and intervening of driver distraction and inattention,these technologies may become key components in future vehicle safety and control systems. However, to the best of our knowledge,currently, there is no common standard available to objectively compare the performance of these technologies. Thus, it is imperative to develop one standardized process for evaluation purposes.In this paper, we propose one systematic and standardized evaluation process after successfully addressing three difficulties:1) defining and selecting the important influential individual and environmental factors, 2) countering the effects of individual differences and randomness in driver behaviors, and 3) building a reliable in-vehicle driver head motion tracking tool to collect ground-truth motion data. We have collected data on a large scale on a commercial driver state-sensing platform. For each subject, 30 to 40 minutes of head motion data was collected and included variables, such as lighting conditions, head/face features,and camera locations. The collected data was analyzed based on a proposed performance measure. The results show that the developed process can efficiently evaluate an individual camerabased driver state sensing product, which builds a common base for comparing the performance of different systems.展开更多
满足空间反射时间反演parity and time-reversal(PT)联合对称性的库源平衡宏观开放系统近几年成为一个研究热点.本文将PT对称性引入到动力学系统,用格子玻尔兹曼方法求解Navier-Stokes方程,发现在二维黏性流体中,如果进口和出口的条件...满足空间反射时间反演parity and time-reversal(PT)联合对称性的库源平衡宏观开放系统近几年成为一个研究热点.本文将PT对称性引入到动力学系统,用格子玻尔兹曼方法求解Navier-Stokes方程,发现在二维黏性流体中,如果进口和出口的条件完全等同,在低雷诺数流动中,流场的PT对称函数(ρ)随雷诺数(Re)的增高以ρn～Ren指数增长.用三种不同的速度剖面来驱动流体,计算流场达到稳定状态时的PT对称性.结果发现,进出口平衡的黏性管流中,ρn～Ren的规律在三种驱动模式中出现,表明流场的PT对称性是由流体本身决定的,与驱动模式没有关系,从此论证所得到的指数率的谱适性.展开更多
Desertification in degraded grasslands is manifested through the development of bare sandy patches,which eventually lead to habitat fragmentation.The ability of these bare sandy patches to regenerate naturally through...Desertification in degraded grasslands is manifested through the development of bare sandy patches,which eventually lead to habitat fragmentation.The ability of these bare sandy patches to regenerate naturally through in-situ soil seed banks is not well understood.To fill this knowledge gap,we randomly selected 24 bare sandy patches with areas ranging from 19 to 898 m^(2) in a desertified grassland of the Horqin sandy land,Northern China to determine whether soil seed bank can be used for natural regeneration of bare sandy patches.Species composition and density of soil seed bank as well as aboveground vegetation composition,abundance and coverage were investigated.We then determined their relationships with in-situ habitat characteristics.Our observations showed that the studied area had low soil seed bank density and species richness,as well as depauperate soil seed bank communities.Consequently,local soil seed bank was not able to provide sufficient seed source for natural regeneration.This was indicated by the relationships between aboveground vegetation,soil seed bank and the in-situ habitat characteristics.For bare patches with an area between 300 m^(2) and 900 m^(2),increase the soil seed bank density and species richness should be the main restoration measures.For bare patches with a small area of less than 50 m^(2),restoration of vegetation density should be the main measure.Our data highlighted that different extents of desertification,indicated by different bare patches,are requiring distinct restoration measures.展开更多
Over the past decade, parity-time(PT)-symmetric Hamiltonians have been experimentally realized in classical,optical settings with balanced gain and loss, or in quantum systems with localized loss. In both realizations...Over the past decade, parity-time(PT)-symmetric Hamiltonians have been experimentally realized in classical,optical settings with balanced gain and loss, or in quantum systems with localized loss. In both realizations, the PT-symmetry-breaking transition occurs at the exceptional point of the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian, where its eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenvectors both coincide. Here, we show that in lossy systems, the PT transition is a phenomenon that broadly occurs without an attendant exceptional point, and is driven by the potential asymmetry between the neutral and the lossy regions. With experimentally realizable quantum models in mind,we investigate dimer and trimer waveguide configurations with one lossy waveguide. We validate the tightbinding model results by using the beam-propagation-method analysis. Our results pave a robust way toward studying the interplay between passive PT transitions and quantum effects in dissipative photonic configurations.展开更多
To date,comparing and visualizing genome sequences remain challenging due to the large genome size.Existing approaches take advantage of the stable property of oligonucleotides and exhibit the main characteristics of ...To date,comparing and visualizing genome sequences remain challenging due to the large genome size.Existing approaches take advantage of the stable property of oligonucleotides and exhibit the main characteristics of the whole genome,yet they commonly fail to show progression patterns of the genome adjustably.This paper presents a novel visual encoding technique,which not only supports the binning process (phylogenetic analysis),but also allows the sequential analysis of the genome.The key idea is to regard the combination of each k-nucleotide and its reverse complement as a visual word,and to represent a long genome sequence with a list of local statistical feature vectors derived from the local frequency of the visual words.Experimental results on a variety of examples demonstrate that the presented approach has the ability to quickly and intuitively visualize DNA sequences,and to help the user identify regions of differences among multiple datasets.展开更多
基金supported in part by the Nationa Natural Science Foundation of China (61876011)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFB4703700)+1 种基金the Key Research and Development Program 2020 of Guangzhou (202007050002)the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province (2020B090921003)。
文摘Recently, there have been some attempts of Transformer in 3D point cloud classification. In order to reduce computations, most existing methods focus on local spatial attention,but ignore their content and fail to establish relationships between distant but relevant points. To overcome the limitation of local spatial attention, we propose a point content-based Transformer architecture, called PointConT for short. It exploits the locality of points in the feature space(content-based), which clusters the sampled points with similar features into the same class and computes the self-attention within each class, thus enabling an effective trade-off between capturing long-range dependencies and computational complexity. We further introduce an inception feature aggregator for point cloud classification, which uses parallel structures to aggregate high-frequency and low-frequency information in each branch separately. Extensive experiments show that our PointConT model achieves a remarkable performance on point cloud shape classification. Especially, our method exhibits 90.3% Top-1 accuracy on the hardest setting of ScanObjectN N. Source code of this paper is available at https://github.com/yahuiliu99/PointC onT.
基金partially supported by the Science and Technology Development Fund of Macao SAR(0050/2020/A1)。
文摘Very recently,intensive discussions and studies on Industry 5.0 have sprung up and caused the attention of researchers,entrepreneurs,and policymakers from various sectors around the world.However,there is no consensus on why and what is Industry 5.0 yet.In this paper,we define Industry 5.0from its philosophical and historical origin and evolution,emphasize its new thinking on virtual-real duality and human-machine interaction,and introduce its new theory and technology based on parallel intelligence(PI),artificial societies,computational experiments,and parallel execution(the ACP method),and cyber-physical-social systems(CPSS).Case studies and applications of Industry 5.0 over the last decade have been briefly summarized and analyzed with suggestions for its future development.We believe that Industry 5.0 of virtual-real interactive parallel industries has great potentials and is critical for building smart societies.Steps are outlined to ensure a roadmap that would lead to a smooth transition from CPS-based Industry 4.0 to CPSS-based Industry 5.0 for a better world which is Safe in physical spaces,S ecure in cyberspaces,Sustainable in ecology,Sensitive in individual privacy and rights,Service for all,and Smartness of all.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62173329)。
文摘Online traffic simulation that feeds from online information to simulate vehicle movement in real-time has recently seen substantial advancement in the development of intelligent transportation systems and urban traffic management.It has been a challenging problem due to three aspects:1)The diversity of traffic patterns due to heterogeneous layouts of urban intersections;2)The nature of complex spatiotemporal correlations;3)The requirement of dynamically adjusting the parameters of traffic models in a real-time system.To cater to these challenges,this paper proposes an online traffic simulation framework called automated urban traffic operation simulation via meta-learning(AUTOSIM).In particular,simulation models with various intersection layouts are automatically generated using an open-source simulation tool based on static traffic geometry attributes.Through a meta-learning technique,AUTOSIM enables an automated learning process for dynamic model settings of traffic scenarios featured with different spatiotemporal correlations.Besides,AUTOSIM is capable of adapting traffic model parameters according to dynamic traffic information in real-time by using a meta-learner.Through computational experiments,we demonstrate the effectiveness of the meta-learningbased framework that is capable of providing reliable supports to real-time traffic simulation and dynamic traffic operations.
文摘In this work, optical scattering using Raman spectroscopy has been analyzed for various cancer tissues. The Raman shifts obtained at the Indiana University Bloomington (IUB) and Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) laboratories have been processed for diagnosing various types of cancer tissues. The objective of this research is to distinguish between cancerous and non-cancerous tissues. Small size tissue samples have been processed, seeking the minimum size tissue that can be diagnosed via Raman spectroscopy. The tests have been conducted on nearly 20 human tissues. A Matlab program has been written following Parzen-Window classifier to recognize the Raman shift pattern for various types of cancer tissues, including breast cancer, kidney, and Gyn-Uterus. A software visual model has been used for data processing. Unique signals for breast and kidney tumors have been obtained. The approach followed in this paper shows promise for early cancer detection in humans.
基金supported by Ford Motor Company Research and Innovation Center
文摘Driver state sensing technologies, such as vehicular systems, start to be widely considered by automotive manufacturers. To reduce the cost and minimize the intrusiveness towards driving, the majority of these systems rely on the in-cabin camera(s) and other optical sensors. With their great capabilities in detecting and intervening of driver distraction and inattention,these technologies may become key components in future vehicle safety and control systems. However, to the best of our knowledge,currently, there is no common standard available to objectively compare the performance of these technologies. Thus, it is imperative to develop one standardized process for evaluation purposes.In this paper, we propose one systematic and standardized evaluation process after successfully addressing three difficulties:1) defining and selecting the important influential individual and environmental factors, 2) countering the effects of individual differences and randomness in driver behaviors, and 3) building a reliable in-vehicle driver head motion tracking tool to collect ground-truth motion data. We have collected data on a large scale on a commercial driver state-sensing platform. For each subject, 30 to 40 minutes of head motion data was collected and included variables, such as lighting conditions, head/face features,and camera locations. The collected data was analyzed based on a proposed performance measure. The results show that the developed process can efficiently evaluate an individual camerabased driver state sensing product, which builds a common base for comparing the performance of different systems.
基金国家自然科学基金重点项目(批准号:10932010)国家自然科学基金(批准号:11072229+4 种基金11072220U12621091107902961274099)美国(the National Science Foundation DMR-1054020(YJ).)资助的课题~~
文摘满足空间反射时间反演parity and time-reversal(PT)联合对称性的库源平衡宏观开放系统近几年成为一个研究热点.本文将PT对称性引入到动力学系统,用格子玻尔兹曼方法求解Navier-Stokes方程,发现在二维黏性流体中,如果进口和出口的条件完全等同,在低雷诺数流动中,流场的PT对称函数(ρ)随雷诺数(Re)的增高以ρn～Ren指数增长.用三种不同的速度剖面来驱动流体,计算流场达到稳定状态时的PT对称性.结果发现,进出口平衡的黏性管流中,ρn～Ren的规律在三种驱动模式中出现,表明流场的PT对称性是由流体本身决定的,与驱动模式没有关系,从此论证所得到的指数率的谱适性.
基金This study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(41601588)Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning province(2019-MS-340)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971732,41501573).
文摘Desertification in degraded grasslands is manifested through the development of bare sandy patches,which eventually lead to habitat fragmentation.The ability of these bare sandy patches to regenerate naturally through in-situ soil seed banks is not well understood.To fill this knowledge gap,we randomly selected 24 bare sandy patches with areas ranging from 19 to 898 m^(2) in a desertified grassland of the Horqin sandy land,Northern China to determine whether soil seed bank can be used for natural regeneration of bare sandy patches.Species composition and density of soil seed bank as well as aboveground vegetation composition,abundance and coverage were investigated.We then determined their relationships with in-situ habitat characteristics.Our observations showed that the studied area had low soil seed bank density and species richness,as well as depauperate soil seed bank communities.Consequently,local soil seed bank was not able to provide sufficient seed source for natural regeneration.This was indicated by the relationships between aboveground vegetation,soil seed bank and the in-situ habitat characteristics.For bare patches with an area between 300 m^(2) and 900 m^(2),increase the soil seed bank density and species richness should be the main restoration measures.For bare patches with a small area of less than 50 m^(2),restoration of vegetation density should be the main measure.Our data highlighted that different extents of desertification,indicated by different bare patches,are requiring distinct restoration measures.
文摘Over the past decade, parity-time(PT)-symmetric Hamiltonians have been experimentally realized in classical,optical settings with balanced gain and loss, or in quantum systems with localized loss. In both realizations, the PT-symmetry-breaking transition occurs at the exceptional point of the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian, where its eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenvectors both coincide. Here, we show that in lossy systems, the PT transition is a phenomenon that broadly occurs without an attendant exceptional point, and is driven by the potential asymmetry between the neutral and the lossy regions. With experimentally realizable quantum models in mind,we investigate dimer and trimer waveguide configurations with one lossy waveguide. We validate the tightbinding model results by using the beam-propagation-method analysis. Our results pave a robust way toward studying the interplay between passive PT transitions and quantum effects in dissipative photonic configurations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.60873123 and 60903085)the National Basic Research Program (973) of China (No.2010CB732504)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (No.Y1080618)the Open Project Program of the State Key Lab of CAD & CG,Zhejiang University,China (No.A0905)
文摘To date,comparing and visualizing genome sequences remain challenging due to the large genome size.Existing approaches take advantage of the stable property of oligonucleotides and exhibit the main characteristics of the whole genome,yet they commonly fail to show progression patterns of the genome adjustably.This paper presents a novel visual encoding technique,which not only supports the binning process (phylogenetic analysis),but also allows the sequential analysis of the genome.The key idea is to regard the combination of each k-nucleotide and its reverse complement as a visual word,and to represent a long genome sequence with a list of local statistical feature vectors derived from the local frequency of the visual words.Experimental results on a variety of examples demonstrate that the presented approach has the ability to quickly and intuitively visualize DNA sequences,and to help the user identify regions of differences among multiple datasets.
