Since late 2022, the share of infections caused by the SARS-CoV2 lineage XBB.1.5 has gradually increased in the United States,resulting in XBB.1.5 becoming the dominating SARS-CoV-2lineage in the United States and a s...Since late 2022, the share of infections caused by the SARS-CoV2 lineage XBB.1.5 has gradually increased in the United States,resulting in XBB.1.5 becoming the dominating SARS-CoV-2lineage in the United States and a similar trend is likely to soontake place also in European countries. However, information onthe virological properties of XBB.1.5 is scarce. Here, weconducted an initial virological assessment of the SARS-CoV-2XBB.1.5 lineage.展开更多
Despite previous circulation of the highly transmissible and antibody evasive BA.2.75, BQ.1, XBB.1 and XBB.1.5 lineages, the share of infections caused by the SARS-CoV-2 lineage XBB.1.16 has gradually increased in Ind...Despite previous circulation of the highly transmissible and antibody evasive BA.2.75, BQ.1, XBB.1 and XBB.1.5 lineages, the share of infections caused by the SARS-CoV-2 lineage XBB.1.16 has gradually increased in India in early 2023, resulting in XBB.1.16 being the dominating SARS-CoV-2 lineage in India today. Since a similar trend may also take place in other countries and information on the biological properties of the XBB.1.16 lineage is scarce, we conducted a rapid assessment of the SARS-CoV-2 XBB.1.16 lineage with respect to its ability to enter cells and evade neutralisation by antibodies.展开更多
In a recent study in Science,Bowen et al.1 report that mutations in Omicron sublineage’s spike protein enhance ACE2 binding,impair fusogenicity,and dampen the neutralizing activity of antibodies after vaccination or ...In a recent study in Science,Bowen et al.1 report that mutations in Omicron sublineage’s spike protein enhance ACE2 binding,impair fusogenicity,and dampen the neutralizing activity of antibodies after vaccination or infection.The data describe how Omicron and especially the BA.5 variant evade neutralizing antibody responses and argue for using mRNA booster vaccination to increase immunity.展开更多
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants threatens efforts to control the COVID-19 pandemic.At present,the global spread of the Delta(B.1.617.2)variant is responsible for a rapid increase in COVID-19 cases and hospitaliza...The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants threatens efforts to control the COVID-19 pandemic.At present,the global spread of the Delta(B.1.617.2)variant is responsible for a rapid increase in COVID-19 cases and hospitalizations in many countries.The variant evades neutralizing antibodies and is believed to be more transmissible and pathogenic[1,2,3,4].展开更多
The COVID-19 pandemic,caused by SARS-CoV-2,continues to rage in many countries,straining health systems and economies.Vaccines protect against severe disease and death and are considered central to ending the pandemic...The COVID-19 pandemic,caused by SARS-CoV-2,continues to rage in many countries,straining health systems and economies.Vaccines protect against severe disease and death and are considered central to ending the pandemic.COVID-19 vaccines(and SARS-CoV-2 infection)elicit antibodies that are directed against the viral spike(S)protein and neutralize the virus.However,the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants with S protein mutations that confer resistance to neutralization might compromise vaccine efficacy[1].展开更多
It has been unclear why SARS-CoV-2 with a D614G mutation in the spike protein became dominant early in the COVID-19 pandemic.A recent study by Hou et al.published in Science shows that D614G increases SARS-CoV-2 sprea...It has been unclear why SARS-CoV-2 with a D614G mutation in the spike protein became dominant early in the COVID-19 pandemic.A recent study by Hou et al.published in Science shows that D614G increases SARS-CoV-2 spread in cultured human nasal epithelium and enhances transmission in a hamster model.展开更多
Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic,multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants have emerged.While some variants spread only locally,others,referred to as variants of concern,disseminated globally and became drivers of the ...Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic,multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants have emerged.While some variants spread only locally,others,referred to as variants of concern,disseminated globally and became drivers of the pandemic.All SARS-CoV-2 variants harbor mutations relative to the virus circulating early in the pandemic,and mutations in the viral spike(S)protein are considered of particular relevance since the S protein mediates host cell entry and constitutes the key target of the neutralizing antibody response.As a consequence,mutations in the S protein may increase SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and enable its evasion of neutralizing antibodies.Furthermore,mutations in the S protein can modulate viral transmissibility and pathogenicity.展开更多
The spike(S)protein of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is highly mutated but the impact of these mutations on viral entry into cells and its inhibition by antibodies has been unclear.A recent study published in Science...The spike(S)protein of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is highly mutated but the impact of these mutations on viral entry into cells and its inhibition by antibodies has been unclear.A recent study published in Science by Mannar et al.now shows that these mutations are compatible with robust ACE2 binding and allow for efficient evasion of neutralizing antibodies.The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants has become a hallmark of the COVID-19 pandemic.Variants of concern(VOC)harbor mutations in the viral S protein that can increase transmissibility,potentially by promoting S protein binding to the cellular receptor ACE2.展开更多
Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic,divergent variants of concern(VoCs)of SARS-CoV-2 have evolved and become the most prevalent SARS-CoV-2 variants in distinct locations at different times.Currently,the Delta...Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic,divergent variants of concern(VoCs)of SARS-CoV-2 have evolved and become the most prevalent SARS-CoV-2 variants in distinct locations at different times.Currently,the Delta variant(B.1.617.2)dominates infection events in large parts of the world.Immunization campaigns,however,still use SARS-CoV-2 vaccines based on the spike(S)protein of the original Wuhan virus.展开更多
The SARS-CoV-2 spike(S)protein engages ACE2 for cell entry,and the S protein/ACE2 interface is an important target for neutralizing antibodies.In the course of the COVID-19 pandemic,SARS-CoV-2 variants have emerged th...The SARS-CoV-2 spike(S)protein engages ACE2 for cell entry,and the S protein/ACE2 interface is an important target for neutralizing antibodies.In the course of the COVID-19 pandemic,SARS-CoV-2 variants have emerged that harbor mutations in the S protein,which confer neutralization resistance and allow viral spread in immunologically nonnaive populations.The most prominent example is the highly mutated Omicron variant,which infects convalescent or vaccinated individuals with unprecedented efficiency[1,2].展开更多
Global pandemics caused by influenza or coronaviruses cause severe disruptions to public health and lead to high morbidity and mortality.There remains a medical need for vaccines against these pathogens.CMV(cytomegalo...Global pandemics caused by influenza or coronaviruses cause severe disruptions to public health and lead to high morbidity and mortality.There remains a medical need for vaccines against these pathogens.CMV(cytomegalovirus)is aβ-herpesvirus that induces uniquely robust immune responses in which remarkably large populations of antigen-specific CD8+T cells are maintained for a lifetime.Hence,CMV has been proposed and investigated as a novel vaccine vector for expressing antigenic peptides or proteins to elicit protective cellular immune responses against numerous pathogens.We generated two recombinant murine CMV(MCMV)vaccine vectors expressing hemagglutinin(HA)of influenza A virus(MCMV^(HA))or the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(MCMV^(S)).A single injection of MCMVs expressing either viral protein induced potent neutralizing antibody responses,which strengthened over time.Importantly,MCMV^(HA)-vaccinated mice were protected from illness following challenge with the influenza virus,and we excluded that this protection was due to the effects of memory T cells.Conclusively,we show here that MCMV vectors induce not only long-term cellular immunity but also humoral responses that provide long-term immune protection against clinically relevant respiratory pathogens.展开更多
基金BMBF(01KI2006D,01KI20328A,01KX2021)the Ministry for Science and Culture of Lower Saxony(14-76103-184,COFONI Network,including projects 7FF22,6FF22,10FF22)+7 种基金EU(project UNDINE)and the German Research Foundation(DFGPO 716/11-1,PO 716/14-1)H.-M.J.received funding from BMBF(01KI2043,NaFoUniMedCovid19-COVIM:01KX2021)Bavarian State Ministry for Science and the Arts(Bayerisches Staatsministerium für Wissenschaft und Kunst)DFG through the research training groups RTG1660 and TRR130,the Bayerische Forschungsstiftung(Project CORAd)the Kastner Foundation.G.M.N.B.acknowledges funding by the German Center for Infection Research(Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung,DZIFgrant no 80018019238)a European Regional Development Fund(Defeat Corona,ZW7-8515131).
文摘Since late 2022, the share of infections caused by the SARS-CoV2 lineage XBB.1.5 has gradually increased in the United States,resulting in XBB.1.5 becoming the dominating SARS-CoV-2lineage in the United States and a similar trend is likely to soontake place also in European countries. However, information onthe virological properties of XBB.1.5 is scarce. Here, weconducted an initial virological assessment of the SARS-CoV-2XBB.1.5 lineage.
基金SP acknowledges funding by the EU project UNDINE(grant agreement number 101057100)the Ministry for Science and Culture of Lower Saxony(Niedersächsisches Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Kultur,14-76103-184,COFONI Network,including projects 7FF22,6FF22,10FF22)+4 种基金the German Research Foundation(Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft,DFG,PO 716/11-1)H-MJ received funding from BMBF(01KI2043,NaFoUniMedCovid19-COVIM:01KX2021)Bavarian State Ministry for Science and the Arts(Bayerisches Staatsministerium für Wissenschaft und Kunst)and DFG through the research training groups RTG1660 and TRR130,the Bayerische Forschungsstiftung(Project CORAd)and the Kastner Foundation.GMNB acknowledges funding by the German Centre for Infection Research(Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung,DZIFgrant no 80018019238)Further,GMNB and AD-J acknowledge funding by a European Regional Development Fund(Defeat Corona,ZW7-8515131).
文摘Despite previous circulation of the highly transmissible and antibody evasive BA.2.75, BQ.1, XBB.1 and XBB.1.5 lineages, the share of infections caused by the SARS-CoV-2 lineage XBB.1.16 has gradually increased in India in early 2023, resulting in XBB.1.16 being the dominating SARS-CoV-2 lineage in India today. Since a similar trend may also take place in other countries and information on the biological properties of the XBB.1.16 lineage is scarce, we conducted a rapid assessment of the SARS-CoV-2 XBB.1.16 lineage with respect to its ability to enter cells and evade neutralisation by antibodies.
基金supported by the German Center for Infection Research(grant no.80018019238,TTU-HIV 04.821,and 04.820)a European Regional Development Fund(ZW7-8515131,ZW7-85151373).
文摘In a recent study in Science,Bowen et al.1 report that mutations in Omicron sublineage’s spike protein enhance ACE2 binding,impair fusogenicity,and dampen the neutralizing activity of antibodies after vaccination or infection.The data describe how Omicron and especially the BA.5 variant evade neutralizing antibody responses and argue for using mRNA booster vaccination to increase immunity.
基金SP acknowledges funding by BMBF(01KI2006D,01KI20328A,01KI20396,and 01KX2021)the Ministry for Science and Culture of Lower Saxony(14-76103-184,MWK HZI COVID-19)and the German Research Foundation(DFG,PO 716/11-1,PO 716/14-1)+1 种基金MSW received unrestricted funding from Sartorius AG,Lung Research.HMJ received funding from BMBF(01KI2043,NaFoUniMedCovid19-COVIM:01KX2021)Bavarian State Ministry for Science and the Arts and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG)through the research training groups RTG1660 and TRR130.G.B.acknowledges funding from the German Center for Infection Research(grant no 80018019238).
文摘The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants threatens efforts to control the COVID-19 pandemic.At present,the global spread of the Delta(B.1.617.2)variant is responsible for a rapid increase in COVID-19 cases and hospitalizations in many countries.The variant evades neutralizing antibodies and is believed to be more transmissible and pathogenic[1,2,3,4].
基金S.P.acknowledges funding by BMBF(01KI2006D,01KI20328A,01KI20396,01KX2021)the Ministry for Science and Culture of Lower Saxony(14-76103-184,MWK HZI COVID-19)+2 种基金the German Research Foundation(DFG,PO 716/11-1,PO 716/14-1)M.S.W.received unrestricted funding from Sartorius AG,Lung Research.H.-M.J.received funding from BMBF(01KI2043,NaFoUniMedCovid19-COVIM:01KX2021)Bavarian State Ministry for Science and the Arts and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG)through the research training groups RTG1660 and TRR130.G.B.acknowledges funding from the German Center for Infection Research(grant no 80018019238).
文摘The COVID-19 pandemic,caused by SARS-CoV-2,continues to rage in many countries,straining health systems and economies.Vaccines protect against severe disease and death and are considered central to ending the pandemic.COVID-19 vaccines(and SARS-CoV-2 infection)elicit antibodies that are directed against the viral spike(S)protein and neutralize the virus.However,the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants with S protein mutations that confer resistance to neutralization might compromise vaccine efficacy[1].
基金The Pohlmann lab is supported by BMBF(RAPID Consortium,01KI1723D,and 01KI2006D,RENACO,01KI20328A,01KI20396,COVIM consortium).
文摘It has been unclear why SARS-CoV-2 with a D614G mutation in the spike protein became dominant early in the COVID-19 pandemic.A recent study by Hou et al.published in Science shows that D614G increases SARS-CoV-2 spread in cultured human nasal epithelium and enhances transmission in a hamster model.
基金SP acknowledges funding by BMBF(01KI2006D,01KI20328A,01KI20396,01KX2021)the Ministry for Science and Culture of Lower Saxony(14-76103-184,MWK HZI COVID-19)+3 种基金the German Research Foundation(DFGPO 716/11-1,PO 716/14-1)MSW received unrestricted funding from Sartorius AG,Lung Research.HMJ received funding from BMBF(01KI2043,NaFoUniMedCovid19-COVIM:01KX2021)Bavarian State Ministry for Science and the Arts and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG)through the research training groups RTG1660 and TRR130.
文摘Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic,multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants have emerged.While some variants spread only locally,others,referred to as variants of concern,disseminated globally and became drivers of the pandemic.All SARS-CoV-2 variants harbor mutations relative to the virus circulating early in the pandemic,and mutations in the viral spike(S)protein are considered of particular relevance since the S protein mediates host cell entry and constitutes the key target of the neutralizing antibody response.As a consequence,mutations in the S protein may increase SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and enable its evasion of neutralizing antibodies.Furthermore,mutations in the S protein can modulate viral transmissibility and pathogenicity.
基金The Pöhlmann lab was supported by funds from the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung(BMBFprojects 01KI2006D,01KI20328A,01KX2021)+1 种基金Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG,PO 716/14-1,PO 716/11-1)and Niedersächsisches Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Kultur(COFONI Network)Z.L.was supported by the China Scholarship Council(CSC)(202006270031).
文摘The spike(S)protein of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is highly mutated but the impact of these mutations on viral entry into cells and its inhibition by antibodies has been unclear.A recent study published in Science by Mannar et al.now shows that these mutations are compatible with robust ACE2 binding and allow for efficient evasion of neutralizing antibodies.The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants has become a hallmark of the COVID-19 pandemic.Variants of concern(VOC)harbor mutations in the viral S protein that can increase transmissibility,potentially by promoting S protein binding to the cellular receptor ACE2.
基金The study was approved by the Internal Review Board of Hannover Medical School(institutional review board no.8973_BO-K_2020,amendment Dec 2020)All participants gave written informed consent.Supported by the German Center for Infection Research TTU 01.938(Grant No.80018019238 to GMNB and RF)+4 种基金the German Center for Lung Research(Grant 82DZL002B1)Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft,(DFG,German Research Foundation)Excellence Strategy EXC 2155‘RESIST’(Project ID39087428 to RF)funds of the State of Lower Saxony(14-76103-184 CORONA-11/20 to RF,14-76103-184,MWK HZI COVID-19 to SP)funds of the BMBF(NaFoUniMedCovid19 FKZ:01KX2021,Projects B-FAST to RF,Projects 01KI2006D,01KI20328A,01KI20396,01KX2021 to SP)Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft,SFB 900/3(Projects B1,158989968 to RF,Projects PO 716/11-1,PO 716/14-1 to SP).
文摘Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic,divergent variants of concern(VoCs)of SARS-CoV-2 have evolved and become the most prevalent SARS-CoV-2 variants in distinct locations at different times.Currently,the Delta variant(B.1.617.2)dominates infection events in large parts of the world.Immunization campaigns,however,still use SARS-CoV-2 vaccines based on the spike(S)protein of the original Wuhan virus.
基金SP acknowledges funding from BMBF(01KI2006D,01KI20328A,01KI20396,01KX2021)the Ministry for Science and Culture of Lower Saxony(14-76103-184,MWK HZI COVID-19)+2 种基金the German Research Foundation(DFG,PO 716/11-1,PO 716/14-1)MSW received unrestricted funding from Sartorius AG,Lung Research.H-MJ received funding from BMBF(01KI2043,NaFoUniMedCovid19-COVIM:01KX2021)Bavarian State Ministry for Science and the Arts and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG)through the research training groups RTG1660 and TRR130.GMNB acknowledges funding from the German Center for Infection Research(grant no 80018019238).
文摘The SARS-CoV-2 spike(S)protein engages ACE2 for cell entry,and the S protein/ACE2 interface is an important target for neutralizing antibodies.In the course of the COVID-19 pandemic,SARS-CoV-2 variants have emerged that harbor mutations in the S protein,which confer neutralization resistance and allow viral spread in immunologically nonnaive populations.The most prominent example is the highly mutated Omicron variant,which infects convalescent or vaccinated individuals with unprecedented efficiency[1,2].
基金supported by grant 14-76103-84 from the Ministry of Science and Culture of Lower Saxony to LCS,by the Helmholtz Association Eu Partnering grant MCMVaccine(PEI008)to LCS and SJby the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no.101003650 to MH.
文摘Global pandemics caused by influenza or coronaviruses cause severe disruptions to public health and lead to high morbidity and mortality.There remains a medical need for vaccines against these pathogens.CMV(cytomegalovirus)is aβ-herpesvirus that induces uniquely robust immune responses in which remarkably large populations of antigen-specific CD8+T cells are maintained for a lifetime.Hence,CMV has been proposed and investigated as a novel vaccine vector for expressing antigenic peptides or proteins to elicit protective cellular immune responses against numerous pathogens.We generated two recombinant murine CMV(MCMV)vaccine vectors expressing hemagglutinin(HA)of influenza A virus(MCMV^(HA))or the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(MCMV^(S)).A single injection of MCMVs expressing either viral protein induced potent neutralizing antibody responses,which strengthened over time.Importantly,MCMV^(HA)-vaccinated mice were protected from illness following challenge with the influenza virus,and we excluded that this protection was due to the effects of memory T cells.Conclusively,we show here that MCMV vectors induce not only long-term cellular immunity but also humoral responses that provide long-term immune protection against clinically relevant respiratory pathogens.
