Infant intestinal microbiome is closely linked with health and risk of disease. Bifidobacterium are important components of the infant gut and are known to confer various health effects on the host. However, few studi...Infant intestinal microbiome is closely linked with health and risk of disease. Bifidobacterium are important components of the infant gut and are known to confer various health effects on the host. However, few studies have described the precise composition and dynamics of early infant gut bifidobacterial communities. Thus, this was a pilot study aiming to describe the developmental trajectories and temporal dynamics of bifidobacterial communities in infants before 6 months of age. A total of 28 fecal samples from 4 infants(GF, ZZ, QM, TN, respectively)were collected and analyzed after 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 days of birth by a bifidobacteria-target method(based on single-molecule real-time sequencing of partial bifidobacterial rpsK genes)in conjunction with droplet digital polymerase chain reaction(ddPCR). The infant fecal microbiota comprised a total of 11 bifidobacterial species, including 4 major species, i.e., B. dentium(37.35%), B. catenulatum(32.04%), B. breve(22.24%), and B. animalis(8.02%). The infant microbiota showed highly individualized developmental trajectories. The leading species for GF was B. catenulatum, with a relatively stable developmental trajectory. In ZZ, B. breve was enriched, and the developmental trajectory was rather fluctuating. The most abundant species for QM and TN was B. dentium. The developmental trajectory of B. dentium in QM showed a trend of gradual decrease, whereas an opposite trend was seen in samples of TN. The results of ddPCR confirmed large variations in quantities of bifidobacteria between infants and suggested discordances in temporal dynamics of bifidobacterial communities during the first half year of infancy. In conclusion, our results suggested that the early infant gut bifidobacterial microbiota was highly complex and temporal dynamics, with individualized developmental trajectories, which should be considered in future research of infant gut microbiota.展开更多
Recent research on the genome of Bifidobacterium bifidum has mainly focused on the isolation sources(intestinal tract niche)recently,but reports on the isolation region are limited.This study analyzed the differences ...Recent research on the genome of Bifidobacterium bifidum has mainly focused on the isolation sources(intestinal tract niche)recently,but reports on the isolation region are limited.This study analyzed the differences in the genome of B.bifidum isolated from different geographical populations by comparative genomic analysis.Results at the genome level indicated that the GC content of American isolates was significantly higher than that of Chinese and Russian isolates.The phylogenetic tree,based on 919 core genes showed that B.bifidum might be related to the geographical characteristics of isolation region.Furthermore,functional annotation analysis demonstrated that copy numbers of carbohydrate-active enzymes(CAZys)involved in the degradation of polysaccharide from plant and host sources in B.bifidum were high,and 18 CAZys showed significant differences across different geographical populations,indicating that B.bifidum had adapted to the human intestinal environment,especially in the groups with diets rich in fiber.Dietary habits were one of the main reasons for the differences of B.bifidum across different geographical populations.Additionally,B.bifidum exhibited high diversity,evident in glycoside hydrolases,the CRISPR-Cas system,and prophages.This study provides a genetic basis for further research and development of B.bifidum.展开更多
Probiotics exert beneficial effects on the host.This study aimed to investigate whether maternally ingested Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Probio-M9 during pregnancy could access and colonize the infant gut.This study r...Probiotics exert beneficial effects on the host.This study aimed to investigate whether maternally ingested Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Probio-M9 during pregnancy could access and colonize the infant gut.This study recruited one pregnant woman,who ingested Probio-M9 daily from 35 weeks of gestation to delivery.Feces of the mother-infant pair were regularly collected from one month before delivery to 6 months of infant's age for metagenomic sequencing.Probio-M9 genomes were mappable to all infant fecal samples,suggesting the ingested probiotics could be vertically transmitted from mother to infant.Infant-or mother-specific differential metabolic pathways were found between the maternal and infant's gut microbiome,implicating apparent differences in the intestinal metagenomic potential/function between the mother and the infant.In conclusion,maternal ingestion of Probio-M9 during the final weeks of gestation could deliver to the infant gut.The findings provided novel insights into shaping infant's gut microbiota.展开更多
Conventional filling therapy fails to fundamentally reduce oral cariogenic bacteria.Thus,oral microbiota follow-up intervention after filling would be necessary for improving dental caries prognosis.We recruited 9 car...Conventional filling therapy fails to fundamentally reduce oral cariogenic bacteria.Thus,oral microbiota follow-up intervention after filling would be necessary for improving dental caries prognosis.We recruited 9 caries-free individuals,and 89 dental caries subjects(5 dropouts).Eighty-nine patients were randomized into three groups:caries(n=8;no treatment),control(n=40;filling),and postbiotics(n=41;filling and 14-day Probio-Eco®intervention).Salivary samples were collected at 0 day(after filling)and 14 days.Our results showed that the diversity of dental caries oral microbiota was significantly increased compared with healthy subjects,and filling could restore a healthier oral microbiota partially and temporarily.Thepostbiotics intervention keeps a low alpha-diversity.Co-occurrence network analysis showed that a more stable oral microbiota structure after postbiotics intervention.Taxonomic and functional annotation of the microbiota revealed that postbiotics co-treatment significantly:increased the relative abundance of Pseudomonas and P.reactans,decreased the relative abundance of Prevotella shahii,and enriched the energy metabolism-related pathways.BugBase-predicted phenotypes inferred to an oral microbiota with decreased potential pathogenic bacteria and increased oxidative stress-tolerant bacteria after postbiotics intervention.Collectively,it suggested that postbiotics co-treatment could be a promising strategy that restores the oral microecological balance for dental caries.展开更多
One factor that shapes the establishment of early neonatal intestinal microbiota is environmental microbial exposure,and probiotic application has been shown to promote health and growth of piglets.Thus,this study hyp...One factor that shapes the establishment of early neonatal intestinal microbiota is environmental microbial exposure,and probiotic application has been shown to promote health and growth of piglets.Thus,this study hypothesized that environmental probiotic application in early days of life would be beneficial to newborn piglets.This study aimed to investigate the effect of spraying a compound probiotic fermented liquid(CPFL)into the living environment of piglets on their early growth performance and immunity.This work included 68 piglets,which were randomized into probiotic and control groups.Blood and fecal samples were collected at 0,3,7,14,and 21 days of age.Spraying CPFL significantly reshaped the microbiota composition of the delivery room environment,increased piglets’daily weight gain and weaning weight(P<0.001),and modulated piglets’serum cytokine levels(increases in Ig A,Ig G,and IL-10;decrease in IFN-γ;P<0.05 in each case)in piglets.Additionally,spraying CPFL during early days of life modified piglets’gut microbiota structure and diversity,increased the abundance of some potentially beneficial bacteria(such as Bacteroides uniformis,Butyricimonas virosa,Parabacteroides distasonis,and Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens)and decreased the abundance of Escherichia coli(P<0.05).Interestingly,CPFL application also significantly enhanced the gut microbial bioactive potential and levels of several serum metabolites involved in the metabolism of vitamins(B2,B3,B6,and E),medium/long-chain fatty acids(caproic,tetradecanoic,and peptadecanoic acids),and dicarboxylic acids(azelaic and sebacic acids).Our study demonstrated that spraying CPFL significantly could improve piglets’growth performance and immunity,and the beneficial effects are associated with changes in the gut microbiota and host metabolism.Our study has provided novel data for future development of probiotic-based health-promoting strategies and expanded our knowledge of probiotic application in animal husbandry.展开更多
To the Editor:Probiotics are a promising treatment modality for functional constipation(FC);however,the factors affecting individual responses to probiotics remain unclear.Growing evidence has identified that there is...To the Editor:Probiotics are a promising treatment modality for functional constipation(FC);however,the factors affecting individual responses to probiotics remain unclear.Growing evidence has identified that there is a strong relationship among the gut microbiota and constipation and related gut-brain axis.[1]The gut microbiota may modulate the gut functions via gut metabolites or trigger the release of gut hormones,such as peptide YY,gastric inhibitory polypeptide,and 5-hydroxytryptamine.[2]In turn,gut hormones affect gut secretion,motility,and sensation through their receptors located on epithelial,enteric,and smooth muscle cells.[2]Based on these findings,exogenous probiotics have been used in patients with constipation;however,few have produced consistent results.[3]In this study,we investigated the efficacy and safety of several specific probiotics strains for constipation,and also examined the potential reasons for the individualized effects of probiotics,which may facilitate interventional decisionmaking for FC patients.展开更多
Bacillus species have been widely used as probiotics in a number of food products.However,these are vulnerable to bacteriophage infections,which poses fermentation failure and eventually result in economic losses.Give...Bacillus species have been widely used as probiotics in a number of food products.However,these are vulnerable to bacteriophage infections,which poses fermentation failure and eventually result in economic losses.Given this,we designed this study in which the bacteriophage of lysogenic Bacillus methylotrophicus,phage BM-P1,was induced successfully,and its biological characteristics and genome information were researched.The obtained results showed that phage BM-P1 belonged to Myoviridae family.The maximum number of infections for this phage was 10,with a burst size of 104.48±2.70 counts expressed per milliter per infective center.Additionally,this phage was temperature-and pH-sensitive and divalent ions(Ca2+,Mg2+)and chloramphenicol did not have a significant influence on its adsorption capacity.Genomic analysis revealed that the genome size of phage BM-P1 was 153087 bp with 41.94%GC content,including 258 coding sequences.Furthermore,52 bac-teriophages of Bacillus were classified into two clades by using phylogenetic analysis.Among them,phage BM-P1 with phage VB_BsuM-Goe3 and vB_BveM-Goe7 had the highest average nucleotide identity values,95.23%and 95.28%,respectively.However,synteny analysis revealed transposition,deletion,and insertion in the genome of BM-P1.Considering this,it could be extrapolated that this phage is a new lysogenic phage.In conclusion,this study furthers the knowledge on the properties of B.methylotrophicus phages and provides seminal insights for designingeffective antiphage strategiesforfermentation industry.展开更多
Humans are often curious about why and how early humans had given up raw food in diet?And which came into being first,cooking or fermentation?It was posited,based on the skull and jaw structure,that early hominids spe...Humans are often curious about why and how early humans had given up raw food in diet?And which came into being first,cooking or fermentation?It was posited,based on the skull and jaw structure,that early hominids spent a lot of time eating food vis-a-vis Homo sapiens.Around 2 million years ago,a significant change occurred,and Homo species started spending less time chewing food,implying that they abandoned eating raw food and started utilizing fire as a tool[1].One possibility could be that they started eating cooked food because it was relatively tender and easy to digest.However,it would require a pot,an oven,or a pit to cook or live near volcanoes.If these were not available then,fermentation could be a robust possibility for this change as it tenders the food,develops fascinating flavor,and stymies putrefaction.展开更多
Lactic acid bacteria(LAB)are a group of Gram-positive,facultative anaerobic bacteria that are widely distributed in nature and have important functions in various industrial,medical,and environmental processes[1,2].Th...Lactic acid bacteria(LAB)are a group of Gram-positive,facultative anaerobic bacteria that are widely distributed in nature and have important functions in various industrial,medical,and environmental processes[1,2].They are well-known for their ability to produce lactic acid and are thus widely used in the production of fermented foods and beverages,such as yogurt,cheese,and sauerkraut[3].Two of the most prominent and well-studied orders within the LAB group are Lactobacillales and Bifidobacteriales.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31972083)the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (2020ZD12)+2 种基金the Inner Mongolia Science and Technology Major Projects (2021ZD0014)the Inner Mongolia Science & Technology Planning Project (2022YFSJ0017)China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA。
文摘Infant intestinal microbiome is closely linked with health and risk of disease. Bifidobacterium are important components of the infant gut and are known to confer various health effects on the host. However, few studies have described the precise composition and dynamics of early infant gut bifidobacterial communities. Thus, this was a pilot study aiming to describe the developmental trajectories and temporal dynamics of bifidobacterial communities in infants before 6 months of age. A total of 28 fecal samples from 4 infants(GF, ZZ, QM, TN, respectively)were collected and analyzed after 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 days of birth by a bifidobacteria-target method(based on single-molecule real-time sequencing of partial bifidobacterial rpsK genes)in conjunction with droplet digital polymerase chain reaction(ddPCR). The infant fecal microbiota comprised a total of 11 bifidobacterial species, including 4 major species, i.e., B. dentium(37.35%), B. catenulatum(32.04%), B. breve(22.24%), and B. animalis(8.02%). The infant microbiota showed highly individualized developmental trajectories. The leading species for GF was B. catenulatum, with a relatively stable developmental trajectory. In ZZ, B. breve was enriched, and the developmental trajectory was rather fluctuating. The most abundant species for QM and TN was B. dentium. The developmental trajectory of B. dentium in QM showed a trend of gradual decrease, whereas an opposite trend was seen in samples of TN. The results of ddPCR confirmed large variations in quantities of bifidobacteria between infants and suggested discordances in temporal dynamics of bifidobacterial communities during the first half year of infancy. In conclusion, our results suggested that the early infant gut bifidobacterial microbiota was highly complex and temporal dynamics, with individualized developmental trajectories, which should be considered in future research of infant gut microbiota.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD21007002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32325040)+1 种基金Inner Mongolia Science&Technology planning project(2022YFSJ0017)the earmarked fund for CARS36.
文摘Recent research on the genome of Bifidobacterium bifidum has mainly focused on the isolation sources(intestinal tract niche)recently,but reports on the isolation region are limited.This study analyzed the differences in the genome of B.bifidum isolated from different geographical populations by comparative genomic analysis.Results at the genome level indicated that the GC content of American isolates was significantly higher than that of Chinese and Russian isolates.The phylogenetic tree,based on 919 core genes showed that B.bifidum might be related to the geographical characteristics of isolation region.Furthermore,functional annotation analysis demonstrated that copy numbers of carbohydrate-active enzymes(CAZys)involved in the degradation of polysaccharide from plant and host sources in B.bifidum were high,and 18 CAZys showed significant differences across different geographical populations,indicating that B.bifidum had adapted to the human intestinal environment,especially in the groups with diets rich in fiber.Dietary habits were one of the main reasons for the differences of B.bifidum across different geographical populations.Additionally,B.bifidum exhibited high diversity,evident in glycoside hydrolases,the CRISPR-Cas system,and prophages.This study provides a genetic basis for further research and development of B.bifidum.
基金supported by Science and Technology Major Projects of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(2021ZD0014)。
文摘Probiotics exert beneficial effects on the host.This study aimed to investigate whether maternally ingested Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Probio-M9 during pregnancy could access and colonize the infant gut.This study recruited one pregnant woman,who ingested Probio-M9 daily from 35 weeks of gestation to delivery.Feces of the mother-infant pair were regularly collected from one month before delivery to 6 months of infant's age for metagenomic sequencing.Probio-M9 genomes were mappable to all infant fecal samples,suggesting the ingested probiotics could be vertically transmitted from mother to infant.Infant-or mother-specific differential metabolic pathways were found between the maternal and infant's gut microbiome,implicating apparent differences in the intestinal metagenomic potential/function between the mother and the infant.In conclusion,maternal ingestion of Probio-M9 during the final weeks of gestation could deliver to the infant gut.The findings provided novel insights into shaping infant's gut microbiota.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31720103911)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARAthe Science and Technology Major Projects of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (2021ZD0014)
文摘Conventional filling therapy fails to fundamentally reduce oral cariogenic bacteria.Thus,oral microbiota follow-up intervention after filling would be necessary for improving dental caries prognosis.We recruited 9 caries-free individuals,and 89 dental caries subjects(5 dropouts).Eighty-nine patients were randomized into three groups:caries(n=8;no treatment),control(n=40;filling),and postbiotics(n=41;filling and 14-day Probio-Eco®intervention).Salivary samples were collected at 0 day(after filling)and 14 days.Our results showed that the diversity of dental caries oral microbiota was significantly increased compared with healthy subjects,and filling could restore a healthier oral microbiota partially and temporarily.Thepostbiotics intervention keeps a low alpha-diversity.Co-occurrence network analysis showed that a more stable oral microbiota structure after postbiotics intervention.Taxonomic and functional annotation of the microbiota revealed that postbiotics co-treatment significantly:increased the relative abundance of Pseudomonas and P.reactans,decreased the relative abundance of Prevotella shahii,and enriched the energy metabolism-related pathways.BugBase-predicted phenotypes inferred to an oral microbiota with decreased potential pathogenic bacteria and increased oxidative stress-tolerant bacteria after postbiotics intervention.Collectively,it suggested that postbiotics co-treatment could be a promising strategy that restores the oral microecological balance for dental caries.
基金supported by the earmarked fund for CARS-36the Science and Technology Major Projects of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(2021ZD0014)。
文摘One factor that shapes the establishment of early neonatal intestinal microbiota is environmental microbial exposure,and probiotic application has been shown to promote health and growth of piglets.Thus,this study hypothesized that environmental probiotic application in early days of life would be beneficial to newborn piglets.This study aimed to investigate the effect of spraying a compound probiotic fermented liquid(CPFL)into the living environment of piglets on their early growth performance and immunity.This work included 68 piglets,which were randomized into probiotic and control groups.Blood and fecal samples were collected at 0,3,7,14,and 21 days of age.Spraying CPFL significantly reshaped the microbiota composition of the delivery room environment,increased piglets’daily weight gain and weaning weight(P<0.001),and modulated piglets’serum cytokine levels(increases in Ig A,Ig G,and IL-10;decrease in IFN-γ;P<0.05 in each case)in piglets.Additionally,spraying CPFL during early days of life modified piglets’gut microbiota structure and diversity,increased the abundance of some potentially beneficial bacteria(such as Bacteroides uniformis,Butyricimonas virosa,Parabacteroides distasonis,and Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens)and decreased the abundance of Escherichia coli(P<0.05).Interestingly,CPFL application also significantly enhanced the gut microbial bioactive potential and levels of several serum metabolites involved in the metabolism of vitamins(B2,B3,B6,and E),medium/long-chain fatty acids(caproic,tetradecanoic,and peptadecanoic acids),and dicarboxylic acids(azelaic and sebacic acids).Our study demonstrated that spraying CPFL significantly could improve piglets’growth performance and immunity,and the beneficial effects are associated with changes in the gut microbiota and host metabolism.Our study has provided novel data for future development of probiotic-based health-promoting strategies and expanded our knowledge of probiotic application in animal husbandry.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81900483 and 81730016)National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases,Xi’an,China(No.2015BAI13 B07)
文摘To the Editor:Probiotics are a promising treatment modality for functional constipation(FC);however,the factors affecting individual responses to probiotics remain unclear.Growing evidence has identified that there is a strong relationship among the gut microbiota and constipation and related gut-brain axis.[1]The gut microbiota may modulate the gut functions via gut metabolites or trigger the release of gut hormones,such as peptide YY,gastric inhibitory polypeptide,and 5-hydroxytryptamine.[2]In turn,gut hormones affect gut secretion,motility,and sensation through their receptors located on epithelial,enteric,and smooth muscle cells.[2]Based on these findings,exogenous probiotics have been used in patients with constipation;however,few have produced consistent results.[3]In this study,we investigated the efficacy and safety of several specific probiotics strains for constipation,and also examined the potential reasons for the individualized effects of probiotics,which may facilitate interventional decisionmaking for FC patients.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of The Department of Food Science and Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,China(No.SPKJ202006)the Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32160550 and 31760447)+2 种基金the Central-directed Local Projects,China(No.2021ZY0022)the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia,China(No.2021MS03014)the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Science and Technology Project,China(No.2021GG0080).
文摘Bacillus species have been widely used as probiotics in a number of food products.However,these are vulnerable to bacteriophage infections,which poses fermentation failure and eventually result in economic losses.Given this,we designed this study in which the bacteriophage of lysogenic Bacillus methylotrophicus,phage BM-P1,was induced successfully,and its biological characteristics and genome information were researched.The obtained results showed that phage BM-P1 belonged to Myoviridae family.The maximum number of infections for this phage was 10,with a burst size of 104.48±2.70 counts expressed per milliter per infective center.Additionally,this phage was temperature-and pH-sensitive and divalent ions(Ca2+,Mg2+)and chloramphenicol did not have a significant influence on its adsorption capacity.Genomic analysis revealed that the genome size of phage BM-P1 was 153087 bp with 41.94%GC content,including 258 coding sequences.Furthermore,52 bac-teriophages of Bacillus were classified into two clades by using phylogenetic analysis.Among them,phage BM-P1 with phage VB_BsuM-Goe3 and vB_BveM-Goe7 had the highest average nucleotide identity values,95.23%and 95.28%,respectively.However,synteny analysis revealed transposition,deletion,and insertion in the genome of BM-P1.Considering this,it could be extrapolated that this phage is a new lysogenic phage.In conclusion,this study furthers the knowledge on the properties of B.methylotrophicus phages and provides seminal insights for designingeffective antiphage strategiesforfermentation industry.
基金supported by the Research Fund for Inner Mongolia Science and Technology Major Projects(2021ZD0014)Research Fund for International Young Scientists,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(RFIS-32150410357)+1 种基金China Agriculutre Research System(CARS36)the Major Program of Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia,China(2019ZD06).
文摘Humans are often curious about why and how early humans had given up raw food in diet?And which came into being first,cooking or fermentation?It was posited,based on the skull and jaw structure,that early hominids spent a lot of time eating food vis-a-vis Homo sapiens.Around 2 million years ago,a significant change occurred,and Homo species started spending less time chewing food,implying that they abandoned eating raw food and started utilizing fire as a tool[1].One possibility could be that they started eating cooked food because it was relatively tender and easy to digest.However,it would require a pot,an oven,or a pit to cook or live near volcanoes.If these were not available then,fermentation could be a robust possibility for this change as it tenders the food,develops fascinating flavor,and stymies putrefaction.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD2100702)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20540)+1 种基金the Inner Mongolia Science&Technology Planning Project(2022YFSJ0017)the Earmarked Fund for CARS36。
文摘Lactic acid bacteria(LAB)are a group of Gram-positive,facultative anaerobic bacteria that are widely distributed in nature and have important functions in various industrial,medical,and environmental processes[1,2].They are well-known for their ability to produce lactic acid and are thus widely used in the production of fermented foods and beverages,such as yogurt,cheese,and sauerkraut[3].Two of the most prominent and well-studied orders within the LAB group are Lactobacillales and Bifidobacteriales.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD2100700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20540 and 31972095)+1 种基金the Inner Mongolia Science&Technology Planning Project(2022YFSJ0017 and 2021PT0005)the earmarked fund for CARS36。
