[Objectives]To explore the effects of Abrus cantoniensis Hance(ACH)extract on blood lipid indicators of laying hen fed with high energy and low protein diet.[Methods]Sixty 90-day-old laying hens were randomly divided ...[Objectives]To explore the effects of Abrus cantoniensis Hance(ACH)extract on blood lipid indicators of laying hen fed with high energy and low protein diet.[Methods]Sixty 90-day-old laying hens were randomly divided into five groups:the blank control group(basic diet),the model group(high-energy and low-protein diet,HELPD),the low-dose group(HELPD+0.5 g ACH extract per hen,LACH),and the medium-dose group(HELPD+1 g ACH extract per hen,MACH),high dose group(HELPD+2 g ACH extract per hen,HACH).The ACH extract was administrated by drinking water for 48 d.[Results]Different doses of ACH could improve the pathological changes induced by high energy and low protein.ACH extract had no significant effect on blood routine indicators of laying hens(P>0.05).The contents of total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG)and low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)in the model group were significant-ly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05),while the content of high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in blood lipid between LACH group and model group(P>0.05).In MACH and HACH groups,the contents of TC,TG and LDL-C were significantly lower than those in the model group(P<0.05),and the content of HDL-C was significantly higher than that in the model group(P<0.05).[Conclusions]The ACH extract can regulate theHELPD-induced dyslipidemia in laying hens.展开更多
Brucellosis remains one of the most common zoonoses spread worldwide,inducing enormous economic losses to the livestock industry and posing serious health threats to humans.Brucellosis re-emerged in China in the mid-1...Brucellosis remains one of the most common zoonoses spread worldwide,inducing enormous economic losses to the livestock industry and posing serious health threats to humans.Brucellosis re-emerged in China in the mid-1990s and reached a historically high level in 2015.The National Brucellosis Prevention and Control Plan(NBPCP)was initiated from 2016 to 2020.However,the present epidemiological status in livestock has not been elucidated,and whether Brucella variation occurred remains unclear.This study performed an extensive serological investigation in ruminant livestock from 2019 to 2021 in central Gansu Province,China.In total,11,296 samples from 337 farms were collected to detect the specific antibodies of Brucella.The yearly average serological prevalence of Brucella at the flock level and individual level declined from 11.32%to 8.26%and 1.17%to 0.57%,respectively.The apparent individuallevel seroprevalence of small and large ruminants was 0.89%and 0.52%,respectively.The brucellosis distribution has shifted from pastoral areas to agro-pastoral areas.Flock size and gender may be major risks of Brucella infection.Then,the B.melitensis TZ strain was isolated from female Tibetan sheep blood cell lysates.Phonotypical characterization demonstrated that it belongs to B.melitensis.biovar 3,and multilocus sequencing typing results indicated that it belongs to ST8.The whole genome and subsequent phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the B.melitensis TZ strain is genetically more closely related to the B.melitensis QH61 strain.The B.melitensis TZ strain has similar growth characteristics to the B.melitensis 16 M strain.Overall,our study suggests that after strengthening control and prevention measures based on the NBPCP,there is a very low prevalence or absence of B.melitensis in the central Gansu Province of China,and the genotype of an epidemic strain of Brucella in Northwest China is relatively stable.展开更多
This paper introduces the characteristics of swine foot-and-mouth disease from the aspects of pathogen,epidemiology,clinical symptoms,and anatomical symptoms,and puts forward clinical comprehensive diagnosis and labor...This paper introduces the characteristics of swine foot-and-mouth disease from the aspects of pathogen,epidemiology,clinical symptoms,and anatomical symptoms,and puts forward clinical comprehensive diagnosis and laboratory diagnostic methods.The disease is distinguished with similar diseases,such as swine pox,porcine vesicular stomatitis,and swine vesicular disease.Finally,the prevention and control measures of the disease are proposed.展开更多
This paper introduced the characteristics of avian leukosis from the aspects of pathogen,epidemiology,clinical symptoms,and anatomical symptoms,and puts forward clinical comprehensive diagnosis and laboratory diagnost...This paper introduced the characteristics of avian leukosis from the aspects of pathogen,epidemiology,clinical symptoms,and anatomical symptoms,and puts forward clinical comprehensive diagnosis and laboratory diagnostic methods.Besides,the disease is also differentiated from similar diseases of chicken such as Marek's disease,infectious bursal disease and reticuloendothelial hyperplasia.Finally,the prevention and control measures against the disease were proposed.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to analyze effects of antimicrobial peptides added to the diet of Tan sheep on their production, slaughter performance and blood composition. [Methods] Ninety two four-month-old Ta...[Objectives]This study was conducted to analyze effects of antimicrobial peptides added to the diet of Tan sheep on their production, slaughter performance and blood composition. [Methods] Ninety two four-month-old Tan sheep were randomly divided into two treatment groups according to their body weight, 46 in each group. The control check group(CK) was feed with conventional diet, and the experimental group was fed with the addition of antimicrobial peptide on the basis of the conventional diet, with the added amount of 2.5 g/sheep per day. The experimental period was 60 d. [Results] The incidence rate was 75.06% lower in the experimental group than in the CK. The average daily weight gain per sheep was 11.27% higher in the experimental group than in the CK(P<0.05). The feed conversion ratio was 8.45% lower in the experimental group than in the CK(P<0.05). The average daily gross profit per sheep was 12.12% higher in the experimental group than in the CK. For slaughter performance, the data difference of each item was not significant. The PH at 45 min and 24 h after slaughter was within the normal range of fresh mutton. The cooked meat percentage and water loss rate showed no significant differences(P>0.05). The marbling ranged from 2.45 to 2.50, indicating that the fat content was moderate, and the difference between groups was not significant(P>0.05). The flesh color ranged from 3.00 to 3.15, between light red and bright red, belonging to the normal color of mutton, and the difference between groups was not significant(P>0.05). The shear force was between 2.50 and 2.65, without a significant difference between groups(P>0.05). The white blood cells, lymphocytes and platelets in the experimental group were lower than those in the CK(P<0.01). The erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the erythrocyte group were higher than those in the CK(P<0.05). The neutrophils and monocytes in the experimental group were lower than those in the CK(P<0.05). [Conclusions] This study provides a technical basis for the rational use of antimicrobial peptides and their application in ruminants.展开更多
Background A deterioration in the meat quality of broilers has attracted much more attention in recent years.L-malic acid(MA)is evidenced to decrease meat drip loss in broilers,but the underlying molecular mechanisms ...Background A deterioration in the meat quality of broilers has attracted much more attention in recent years.L-malic acid(MA)is evidenced to decrease meat drip loss in broilers,but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear.It’s also not sure whether the outputs obtained under experimental conditions can be obtained in a com-mercial condition.Here,we investigated the effects and mechanisms of dietary MA supplementation on chicken meat drip loss at large-scale rearing.Results Results showed that the growth performance and drip loss were improved by MA supplementation.Meat metabolome revealed that L-2-aminoadipic acid,β-aminoisobutyric acid,eicosapentaenoic acid,and nicotinamide,as well as amino acid metabolism pathways connected to the improvements of meat quality by MA addition.The transcriptome analysis further indicated that the effect of MA on drip loss was also related to the proper immune response,evidenced by the enhanced B cell receptor signaling pathway,NF-κB signaling pathway,TNF signaling pathway,and IL-17 signaling pathway.Conclusions We provided evidence that MA decreased chicken meat drip loss under commercial conditions.Metabolome and transcriptome revealed a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms.Together,MA could be used as a promising dietary supplement for enhancing the water-holding capacity of chicken meat.展开更多
The reproductive performance of female chickens is critical for determining the efficiency of production and productivity and thus profitability.Studies have shown that the reproductive performance of female chickens ...The reproductive performance of female chickens is critical for determining the efficiency of production and productivity and thus profitability.Studies have shown that the reproductive performance of female chickens is mainly regulated by the feed,hormones,genes,and light conditions.Herein,we review the major factors regulating female chicken reproductive performance and assess the reproductive organs and their functions.In the current review,we highlight how the interconnections of hormones,candidate genes,and photo-stimulation regulate female chicken reproductive hormones and thus regulate the reproductive organ performance.In this regard,the roles of main hormones[gonadotropinreleasing hormone(GnRH)and genes(GnRH-Ⅰ)]in regulating sexual maturation and ovarian development and maintenance by influencing the survival and function of follicular granulosa cells were also reviewed.In addition,the current review also highlights how feeding female chickens with diets and artificial light-emitting diodes(LEDs)support the effective functioning of their reproductive capacity through the stimulation of sexual maturity at an appropriate age and regeneration of aged reproductive organs.展开更多
[Objectives]To study the anti-inflammatory effect of Elephantopus scaber L.extract on acute pleurisy induced by carrageenan in rats,and to explore its anti-inflammatory mechanism.[Methods]The active sites of E.scaber ...[Objectives]To study the anti-inflammatory effect of Elephantopus scaber L.extract on acute pleurisy induced by carrageenan in rats,and to explore its anti-inflammatory mechanism.[Methods]The active sites of E.scaber L.were extracted by ethanol reflux method.The extracts of different concentrations of E.scaber L.were used as the study object,and dexamethasone was used as the positive control drug.The anti-inflammatory effects of E.scaber L.extracts were studied by measuring the levels of malondialdehyde(MDA),prostaglandin E_(2)(PGE_(2)),tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β)in pleural fluid and serum nitric oxide(NO),MDA,PEG_(2),TNF-α,IL-1βin rats with acute pleurisy induced by carrageenan.[Results]E.scaber L.extracts in three doses could reduce the levels of inflammatory factors in pleural fluid and serum,and inhibit acute pleurisy in rats.It was speculated that the anti-inflammatory mechanism was related to the inhibition of the release of inflammatory factors and the antioxidant effect of extracts of three doses of E.scaber L.[Conclusions]This experiment provides a basis for the development and application of E.scaber L.展开更多
Taeniasis and cysticercosis in domestic animals belong to zoonosis and seriously threaten the public health security. Especially the cysticercosis and echinococcosis caused by the tapeworm eggs have great harms to bod...Taeniasis and cysticercosis in domestic animals belong to zoonosis and seriously threaten the public health security. Especially the cysticercosis and echinococcosis caused by the tapeworm eggs have great harms to bodies because they can attack many organs of body. According to the combination of experimental results and literature materials, the morphology and transmission mode of taenia and cysticercus, the prevalence status and monitoring of taeniasis and cysticercosis as well as the antitapeworm mechanism, comparative analysis to other drugs, expelling tapeworm tests in vitro, dose determining tests and usage notes of arecoline hydrobromide were expounded in detail. It provides a theoretical basis for prevention of taeniasis and cysticarcosis and more scientific usage of arecoline hydrobromide and thus relieves the harms of taeniasis and cysticercosis and ensuring the public health security.展开更多
Duck circovirus （DuCV）, a potential immunosuppressive virus, was investigated in Southern China from March 2006 to December 2009 by using a polymerase chain reaction （PCR） based method. In this study, a total of 1...Duck circovirus （DuCV）, a potential immunosuppressive virus, was investigated in Southern China from March 2006 to December 2009 by using a polymerase chain reaction （PCR） based method. In this study, a total of 138 sick or dead duck samples from 18 different farms were examined with an average DuCV infection rate of-35%. It was found that ducks between the ages of 40~60 days were more susceptible to DuCV. There was no evidence showing that the DuCV virus was capable of vertical transmission. Farms with positive PCR results exhibited no regularly apparent clinical abnormalities such as feathering disorders, growth retardation or lower-than-average weight. The complete genomes of 91 strains from Fujian Province and 1 from Zhejiang Province were sequenced and analyzed. The 10 DuCV genomes, comlbared with others genomes downloaded from GenBank, ranged in size from 1988 to 1996 base pairs, with sequence identities ranging from 83.2% to 99.8%. Phylogenetic analysis based on genome sequences demonstrated that DuCVs can be divided into two distinct genetic genotypes, Group I （the Euro-USA lineage） and Group II（the Taiwan lineage）, with approximately 10.0% genetic difference between the two types. Molecular epidemiological data suggest there is no obvious difference among DuCV strains isolated from different geographic locations or different species, including Duck, Muscovy duck, Mule duck, Cheery duck, Mulard duck and Pekin duck.展开更多
Pomegranates is abundant in polyphenols and is well-known for its antioxidant activity. Punicalagin （PG） is a major poly- phenolic compound in the pomegranate peel. In certain conditions, PG can be hydrolyzed to pun...Pomegranates is abundant in polyphenols and is well-known for its antioxidant activity. Punicalagin （PG） is a major poly- phenolic compound in the pomegranate peel. In certain conditions, PG can be hydrolyzed to punicallin （PL） and ellagic acid （EA）, and PL can be further hydrolyzed to EA. PG, PL, and EA all play important roles in the antioxidant activity of pomegranate peels. This study was conducted to compare the in vitro antioxidant activity and in vivo anti-oxidative stress effects of PG, PL, and EA. For the in vitro test, 2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl radical （DPPH.） and superoxide anion （O2~） scavenging capacities, ferric-reducing antioxidant power （FRAP）, and lipid peroxidation （LPO） inhibition capacities of PG, PL, and EA were tested. For the in vivo test, oxidatively stressed mice, which were induced by oxidized fish oil, were administrated PG, PL or EA （10 mg kg-1 d-1） for 21 days. The results showed that the in vitro antioxidant activity trends were EA〉PG〉PL〉Trolox in scavenging DPPH., PG〉PL〉EA=Trolox in scavenging O2~, EA〉PG=PL〉Trolox in FRAP, and Trolox〉PG〉EA〉PL in LPO inhibition. In the in vivo test, the EAt＇reatment increased the average daily weight gain and total antioxidant capacity （T-AOC） in the plasma （P〈0.05）, liver （P〈0.05）, and intestine （P〈0.05） in oxidatively stressed mice. It increased the superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity in the liver （P〈0.05） and intestine （P〈0.05）. It increased the glutathi- one peroxidase （GSH-Px） activity in the intestine （P〈0.05） and the intestinal villus height to crypt depth ratio （P〈0.05）. EA treatment decreased the malondialdehyde （MDA） content in the plasma （P〈0.05）, liver （P〈0.05）, and intestine （P〈0.05） and the mRNA expressions of the pro-inflammatory factors, TNF-a （P〈0.05）, IFN-y （P〈0.05） and IL-6 （P〈0.05）. PL increased the SOD （P〈0.05） and GSH-Px activities （P〈0.05） in the intestine and decreased the MDA content （P〈0.05） and the mRNA expressions of TNF-a （P〈0.05） and IL-6 （P〈0.05） in the intestine. PG increased the SOD activity （P〈0.05） and GSH-Px activity （P〈0.05） in the intestine and decreased the MDA content in the intestine （P〈0.05） and IL-6 mRNA expression in the intestine （P〈0.05）. In summary, EA, PL, and PG all had powerful in vitro antioxidant capacities, and they had different antioxidant advantages in acting against different types of radicals; EA was more effective than PL and PG in protecting against oxidative injury in vivo, especially for intestinal injury. These findings suggest that multiple polyphenol compounds in pomegranate peel may exert superior antioxidant activity than single purified polyphenols; when using pomegranate peels as health-promoting additive in animal feed, raising EA content by methods of hydrolysis or fermentation in advance could achieve better effects.展开更多
A total of 900 one-d-old Chinese Huainan Partridge Shank chickens were randomly allocated into nine groups with five replicates of 20 each.Birds were fed with basal diet,basal diet supplemented with 150 mg kg^（–1） ...A total of 900 one-d-old Chinese Huainan Partridge Shank chickens were randomly allocated into nine groups with five replicates of 20 each.Birds were fed with basal diet,basal diet supplemented with 150 mg kg^（–1） aureomycin,basal diet supplemented with different proportions of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis,which was 0：1.0×10~6,2.5×10~5：7.5×10~5,3.3×10~5：6.6×10~5,5.0×10~5：5.0×10~5,6.6×10~5：3.3×10~5,7.5×10~5：2.5×10~5 and 1.0×10~6：0,respectively.The duration of the experiment was 56 d.The results indicated that dietary supplementation of 6.6×10~5：3.3×10~5 of B.lichenifornis：B.subtilis improved final body weight,increased the average daily gain,and reduced feed/gain ratio（P〈0.05）.The numbers of total Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium sp.in the caecum significantly increased,and the numbers of Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp.significantly declined compared to that of the control（P〈0.05）.Intestinal villous height and villous height to crypt depth ratio of the duodenum,jejunum,and ileum were significantly higher than that of the control,and intestinal crypt depth of the duodenum and ileum was significantly lower（P〈0.05）.The total antioxidant capacity,total superoxide dismutase,and glutathione peroxidase ability in plasma significantly improved,while the malondialdehyde concentration in plasma decreased（P〈0.05）.Compared to the control,plasma concentrations of ammonia,uric acid and urea nitrogen and the activity of xanthine oxidase were reduced（P〈0.05）.In conclusion,an inclusion of 6.6×10~5：3.3×10~5 of B.licheniformis：B.subtilis to the diet improved the growth performance,caecal microbiota,plasma biochemical profile,and significantly improved the small intestine morphology,while reducing the mortality rate.展开更多
Background:The study objective was to test the hypothesis that 1)lowering dietary crude protein(CP)increases dietary energetic efficiency and reduces metabolic heat associated with lactation,and 2)excessive dietary le...Background:The study objective was to test the hypothesis that 1)lowering dietary crude protein(CP)increases dietary energetic efficiency and reduces metabolic heat associated with lactation,and 2)excessive dietary leucine(Leu)supplementation in a low CP diet decreases dietary energetic efficiency and increases metabolic heat associated with lactation.Methods:Fifty-four lactating multiparous Yorkshire sows were allotted to 1 of 3 isocaloric diets(10.80 MJ/kg net energy):1)control(CON;18.75%CP),2)reduced CP with a near ideal or optimal AA profile(OPT;13.75%CP)and 3)diet OPT with excessive Leu(OPTLEU;14.25%CP).Sow body weight and backfat were recorded on day 1 and 21 of lactation and piglets were weighed on day 1,4,8,14,18,and 21 of lactation.Energy balance was measured on sows during early(day 4 to 8)and peak(day 14 to18)lactation,and milk was sampled on day 8 and 18.Results:Over 21-day lactation,sows fed OPT lost body weight and body lipid(P<0.05).In peak lactation,sows fed OPT had higher milk energy output(P<0.05)than CON.Sows fed OPTLEU tended(P=0.07)to have less milk energy output than OPT and did not differ from CON.Maternal energy retention was lower(P<0.05)in OPT and OPTLEU compared to CON sows,and did not differ between OPTLEU and OPT sows.Sows fed OPT had higher(P<0.05)apparent energy efficiency for milk production compared to CON.Heat production associated with lactation was lower(P<0.05)or tended to be lower(P=0.082),respectively,in OPT and OPTLEU compared to CON sows.Conclusion:The OPT diet,in peak lactation,improved dietary energy utilization for lactation due to less urinary energy and metabolic heat loss,and triggered dietary energy deposition into milk at the expense of maternal lipid mobilization.Leucine supplementation above requirement may reduce dietary energy utilization for lactation by decreasing the energy partitioning towards milk,partially explaining the effectiveness of OPT diet over CON diets.展开更多
Background:JUNO and IZUMO1 are the first receptor-ligand protein pairs discovered to be essential for spermoocyte fusion;their interaction is indispensable for fertilization.Methods:PCR was used to clone the full-leng...Background:JUNO and IZUMO1 are the first receptor-ligand protein pairs discovered to be essential for spermoocyte fusion;their interaction is indispensable for fertilization.Methods:PCR was used to clone the full-length DNA sequence of the Juno gene in sheep.The single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)loci of Juno were genotyped by Sequenom MassARRAY®.PCR combined with rapid amplification of cDNA Ends were used to clone the full-length cDNA sequence of Juno and Izumo1.Reverse transcriptase-PCR(RT-PCR)and real time-quantitative-PCR(RT-qPCR)were used to analyze the genes’expression in tissues of sheep,and single cell RNA-seq was used to analyze the genes’expression in oocytes,granulosa cells and follicular theca of polytocous and monotocous Small Tail Han ewes.Bioinformatics was used to analyze advanced structure and phylogeny of JUNO and IZUMO1 proteins.Results:The full-length DNA sequence of the Juno gene in sheep was cloned and nine SNPs were screened.We found a significant association between the g.848253 C>A locus of Juno and litter size of Small Tail Han sheep(P<0.05).The full-length cDNA sequence of Juno and Izumo1 genes from Small Tail Han sheep were obtained.We found a new segment of the Izumo1 CDS consisting of 35 bp,and we confirmed the Izumo1 gene has 9 exons,not 8.RT-qPCR showed that Juno and Izumo1 genes were highly expressed in ovarian and testicular tissues,respectively(P<0.01).Single cell RNA-seq showed Juno was specifically expressed in oocytes,but not in granulosa cells or follicular theca,while Izumo1 displayed little to no expression in all three cell types.There was no difference in expression of the Juno gene in oocyte and ovarian tissue in sheep with different litter sizes,indicating expression of Juno is not related to litter size traits.Bioinformatic analysis revealed the g.848253 C>A locus of Juno results in a nonconservative missense point mutation leading to a change from Phe to Leu at position 219 in the amino acid sequence.Conclusions:For the first time,this study systematically analyzed the expression,structure and function of Juno and Izumo1 genes and their encoded proteins in Small Tail Han sheep,providing the basis for future studies of the regulatory mechanisms of Juno and Izumo1 genes.展开更多
[Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the effects of lamb age and in vitro culture system of oocytes on the results of juvenile in vitro embryo transfer( JIVET). [Methods]Ten Dorper × small-tailed ...[Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the effects of lamb age and in vitro culture system of oocytes on the results of juvenile in vitro embryo transfer( JIVET). [Methods]Ten Dorper × small-tailed Han lambs aged 5 to 10 weeks were induced to superovulate via i. p. injection of pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin( PMSG). The oocytes were matured in basal maturation solution or modified maturation solution,which was prepared by adding 200 μmol/L cysteine to the basal maturation solution. Then,the oocytes were fertilized in fertilization medium I containing 2% estrus sheep serum( ESS) or fertilization medium II containing 3 mg/ml bull serum albumin( BSA). Finally,the number of oocytes,oocyte maturation rate and cleavage rate of the lambs of different ages were determined. [Results]The average number of oocytes recovered per lamb was( 111. 00 ± 16. 97),( 139. 50 ± 28. 99),( 108. 50 ± 17. 68) and( 42. 00 ± 11. 31) for5-,7-,8-and 10-week-old Dorper × small-tailed Han lambs,respectively. The number of oocytes obtained from 5-,7-and 8-week-old lambs was significantly higher than that from 10-week-old lambs( P < 0. 05),but there was no significant difference among 5-,7-and 8-week-old lambs( P > 0. 05). The maturation rate of oocytes cultured in modified maturation solution was 3. 64% higher than that in basal maturation solution. The cleavage rate of oocytes in fertilization medium I was very significantly higher than that in fertilization medium II( P < 0. 01). [Conclusions] The results of JIVET can be improved by harvesting oocytes from lambs aged 5-8 weeks,adding a certain amount of cysteine into oocyte maturation solution,and a certain amount of ESS into fertilization medium.展开更多
To evaluate the effects of different extract of Pseudostellaria heterophylla on immunological function in mice based on Meta-analysis and Network meta-analysis,the article retrieved domestic and foreign databases acco...To evaluate the effects of different extract of Pseudostellaria heterophylla on immunological function in mice based on Meta-analysis and Network meta-analysis,the article retrieved domestic and foreign databases according to the"PICO"retrieval strategy,and used Stata and ADDIS software for Meta analysis.A total of 6 reports,10 randomised controlled trials(RCTs)were eventually involved.Meta analysis results showed that:compared with the control group,the experimental group of polysaccharide,saponin and crude extract were better than that of the control(P<0.05),which significantly improved the immunological function in mice.Network meta-analysis results showed that the saponin had the best effect on the increase of phagocytic index and the differences were statistically significant[MD=1.50,95%CI(0.71,2.28),P<0.05];The polysaccharide and saponin had better effect on the increase of spleen index than the control and crude extract,and the differences were statistically significant[MD=0.77,95%CI(0.27,1.31),P<0.05],[MD=0.71,95%CI(0.01,1.50),P<0.05];the polysaccharide had the best effect on the increase of thymus index and the differences were statistically significant[MD=0.70,95%CI(0.11,1.34),P<0.05].The rank probability showed that the saponin of Pseudostellaria heterophylla had the maximum probability to increase phagocytic index of mice;the probability for the components of Pseudostellaria heterophylla increasing spleen index of mice was in the order of crude extract>polysaccharide>saponin;the probability for the components of Pseudostellaria heterophylla increasing thymus index of mice was in the order of saponin>polysaccharide>crude extract.Based on the available evidence,the extract of Pseudostellaria heterophylla could improve the immunity of mice,and the clinical effect of polysaccharide and saponin was the best,which provided a more valuable scientific reference for evidencing that the polysaccharide and saponin of Pseudostellaria heterophylla was the effective components for improving immunological function,and also was conducive to the proper further development of Pseudostellaria heterophylla resources.展开更多
Early life intervention is important to shape the gut microbiome profiles of adult animals due to the tremendous alteration of diet components. Nevertheless, there is still no unified understanding about its long-term...Early life intervention is important to shape the gut microbiome profiles of adult animals due to the tremendous alteration of diet components. Nevertheless, there is still no unified understanding about its long-term effects in lambs. In this study, sixty 20-day-old lambs were assigned into ewe-rearing(ER) and artificial-rearing(AR) treatments to evaluate the effects of AR strategy on ruminal microbiota, fermentation, and morphology of pre-weaning lambs(from 20 to 60 days of age) and its long-term effects in the fattening stage(from 61 to 180 days of age). During the pre-weaning stage, ER lambs were breastfed and supplemented starter, while AR lambs were artificially fed with milk replacer and starter. During the fattening stage, all lambs in both treatments were fed with the same fattening diets. At 60, 120 and 180 days of age, 6 lambs from each group were slaughtered to collect rumen content and tissue samples. Compared with ER lambs, the dry matter feed intakes of AR lambs increased(P<0.05) from 20 to 180 days of age, companying an increased average daily gain(ADG) from 61 to 120 days of age(P<0.05) and from 121 to 180 days of age(0.05<P<0.1). Although there was no difference in short-chain fatty acid(SCFA, including acetate, propionate, and butyrate) between treatments before weaning(P>0.05), it was higher(P<0.05) in AR lambs compared with ER lambs at the fattening stage. The rumen keratin layer of AR lambs was thinner(P<0.05) than that of ER lambs. Along with lamb growth from 60 to 180 days of age, the differences in rumen bacterial diversity between AR and ER treatments grew more distinct(P<0.05). Compared with ER lambs, AR lambs increased(P<0.05) rumen bacteria abundance, such as phylum Spirochaetes and genus Treponema at 60 days of age, phylum Actinobacteria and genus Succiniclasticum at 120 days of age, and phylum Proteobacteria at 180 days of age, but decreased genus Selenomonas from 60 to 180 days of age, and Anaerovibrio at 180 days of age. In summary, the early interventions before weaning could improve dry matter feed intake of lambs, which triggered robust rumen development and produced positive long-term effects on rumen fermentation and noticeable weight gain of fattening lambs. It suggests that the artificial rearing strategy is effective in improving rumen fermentation and microbial maturity of intensive fattening lambs.展开更多
Background： The p21-activated kinase 1 （PAK1）is essential of microtubule assembly during oocyte meiotic maturation porcine oocytes. for mitosis and plays an important role in the regulatio in mice; however, little ...Background： The p21-activated kinase 1 （PAK1）is essential of microtubule assembly during oocyte meiotic maturation porcine oocytes. for mitosis and plays an important role in the regulatio in mice; however, little is known about its role in Result： Total p21-activated kinase 1 （PAK1） and phosphorylated PAK1 at Thr423 （PAK1^Thr423） were consistently expressed in porcine oocytes from the germinal vesicle （GV） to the second metaphase （MII） stages, but phosphorylation of histone H3 at Serr10 （H3^ser10） was only expressed after the GV stage. Immunofiuorescence analysis revealed that PAK1Thr423 and H3^ser10 colocalized on chromosomes after the GV stage. Blocking of endogenous PAK1^Thr423 by injecting a specific antibody decreased the phosphorylation level of H3^ser10; however, it had no impact on chromatin condensation, meiotic progression, cleavage rate of blastomeres or the rate of blastocyst formation. Conclusion： Phosphorylation of PAK1^Thr423 is a spontaneous activation process and the activated PAK1^Thr423 can promote the phosphorylation of H3^ser10; however, this pathway is not required for meiotic maturation of porcine oocytes or early embryonic development.展开更多
Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Bacillus subtilis were employed as a new combination of strains to treat rapeseed meal by solid-state fermentation,aiming to efficiently degrade the glucosinolates,which are the main toxi...Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Bacillus subtilis were employed as a new combination of strains to treat rapeseed meal by solid-state fermentation,aiming to efficiently degrade the glucosinolates,which are the main toxin in the meal.Single-factor tests and Response surface methodology(RSM)were used to optimize the fermentation parameters.Under the optimum fermentation parameters of 15%total injection volume of the mixture of Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Bacillus subtilis with a ratio of 2:1,bran content of16%,feed to water ratio of 1:1.5,fermentation temperature of 36°C and fermentation time of 72 h,the content of glucosinolates in rapeseed meal was decreased from 64.558μmol/g to 3.473μmol/g,reaching a high degradation rate(94.62%).The high detoxification rate by a consortium of Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Bacillus subtilis provides a bright application prospect in feed utilization of rapeseed meal.展开更多
In order to assess the meat quality under different storage time and conditions, the pH value, TBA value, glycogen and lactic acid content in muscle of Landrace and Yorkshire were measured. The results showed that wit...In order to assess the meat quality under different storage time and conditions, the pH value, TBA value, glycogen and lactic acid content in muscle of Landrace and Yorkshire were measured. The results showed that within 10 h post slaughtering, post slaughtering time had extremely significant influence on pH value and lactic acid content of Landrace, but had no significant influence on glycogen content and TBA value. On the other hand, post slaughtering time had extremely significant influence on pH value of Yorkshire, but had no significant influence on glycogen, lactic acid content and TBA value. The pH values of Yorkshire at 3, 5 and 10 h post slaughtering were 5.21% （ P 〈 0.01 ）, 5.64% （ P 〈 0.05 ） and 5.59% （ P 〈 0.05 ） higher than those of Landrace, respectively ; the lactic acid content in muscle of Landrace at 10 h post slaughtering was 56.04% （P 〈0.05） higher than that of Yorkshire; the TBA value in muscle of Yorkshire at 10 h post slaughtering was 89. 19% （P 〈 0.01 ） higher than that of Landrace; there was no significant difference in glycogen content between Yorkshire and Landrace. When pork stored at 4℃, storage time had no significant influence on pH value and glycogen content in muscle of Landrace, but had significant influence on drip loss, lactic acid content and TBA value ; storage time had no significant influence on pH value, glycogen content and TBA value in muscle of Yorkshire, but extremely significant influence on drip loss and significant influence on lactic acid content. The pH value in muscle of Yorkshire at 24 h post storage at 4℃ was 6.56% （P 〈0.05） higher than that of Landrace; the glycogen contents in muscle of Landrace at 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 and 144 h post storage at 4℃ were 84.90% （P〈0.05）,78.40% （P〈0.01）, 101.87% （P〈0.05）, 83.80% （P〈0.05）, 83.59% （P〈 0.05）and67.25% （P〈0.01）higher than those of York-shire, respectively; the drip loss of Landrace at 72 h post storage and TBA value at 144 h post storage were 55.70% （ P 〈 0.05 ） and 141.33 % （ P 〈 0.01 ） higher than those of Yorkshire, respectively; there was no significant difference in glycogen content between Yorkshire and Landrace. When pork stored at -20℃, storage time had significant influence on TBA value in muscle of Landrace, but had no significant influence on pH value, thawing water loss rate, glycogen and lactic acid content; storage time had no significant impact on pH value, thawing water loss rate, glycogen content and TBA value in muscle of Yorkshire, and had significant influence on lactic acid content. The pH value in muscle of Yorkshire at 24 h post storage at - 20℃ was 5.43 % （ P 〈 0.05 ） higher than that of I.andrace ; the glycogen contents in muscle of Landrace at 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 h post storage at - 20℃ were 85.08% （ P 〈0. 05 ）, 108.66% （ P 〈 0.01 ）, 72.69% （ P 〈 0.05 ）, 90.31% （ P 〈 0.01 ）, 70.38% （ P 〉 0.05 ） higher than those of Yorkshire, respectively ; the thawing water loss rates of Landrace at 24 and 72 h were 160.14% （ P 〈 0.05 ） and 74.32% （ P 〈 0.05 ） higher than those of Yorkshire, respectively ; there was no significant difference in lactic acid content and TBA value at the same time point between Yorkshire and Landrace.展开更多
基金Supported by Special Project of Technological Innovation of Hainan Provincial Research Institute(SQKY2022-0006)Key Task of the Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Hainan Agricultural Academy(HNXM2024ZD01).
文摘[Objectives]To explore the effects of Abrus cantoniensis Hance(ACH)extract on blood lipid indicators of laying hen fed with high energy and low protein diet.[Methods]Sixty 90-day-old laying hens were randomly divided into five groups:the blank control group(basic diet),the model group(high-energy and low-protein diet,HELPD),the low-dose group(HELPD+0.5 g ACH extract per hen,LACH),and the medium-dose group(HELPD+1 g ACH extract per hen,MACH),high dose group(HELPD+2 g ACH extract per hen,HACH).The ACH extract was administrated by drinking water for 48 d.[Results]Different doses of ACH could improve the pathological changes induced by high energy and low protein.ACH extract had no significant effect on blood routine indicators of laying hens(P>0.05).The contents of total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG)and low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)in the model group were significant-ly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05),while the content of high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in blood lipid between LACH group and model group(P>0.05).In MACH and HACH groups,the contents of TC,TG and LDL-C were significantly lower than those in the model group(P<0.05),and the content of HDL-C was significantly higher than that in the model group(P<0.05).[Conclusions]The ACH extract can regulate theHELPD-induced dyslipidemia in laying hens.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program(2021YFC2600204 and 2021YFD1800403)the Science and Technology Program of Gansu,China(20YF8NH153).
文摘Brucellosis remains one of the most common zoonoses spread worldwide,inducing enormous economic losses to the livestock industry and posing serious health threats to humans.Brucellosis re-emerged in China in the mid-1990s and reached a historically high level in 2015.The National Brucellosis Prevention and Control Plan(NBPCP)was initiated from 2016 to 2020.However,the present epidemiological status in livestock has not been elucidated,and whether Brucella variation occurred remains unclear.This study performed an extensive serological investigation in ruminant livestock from 2019 to 2021 in central Gansu Province,China.In total,11,296 samples from 337 farms were collected to detect the specific antibodies of Brucella.The yearly average serological prevalence of Brucella at the flock level and individual level declined from 11.32%to 8.26%and 1.17%to 0.57%,respectively.The apparent individuallevel seroprevalence of small and large ruminants was 0.89%and 0.52%,respectively.The brucellosis distribution has shifted from pastoral areas to agro-pastoral areas.Flock size and gender may be major risks of Brucella infection.Then,the B.melitensis TZ strain was isolated from female Tibetan sheep blood cell lysates.Phonotypical characterization demonstrated that it belongs to B.melitensis.biovar 3,and multilocus sequencing typing results indicated that it belongs to ST8.The whole genome and subsequent phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the B.melitensis TZ strain is genetically more closely related to the B.melitensis QH61 strain.The B.melitensis TZ strain has similar growth characteristics to the B.melitensis 16 M strain.Overall,our study suggests that after strengthening control and prevention measures based on the NBPCP,there is a very low prevalence or absence of B.melitensis in the central Gansu Province of China,and the genotype of an epidemic strain of Brucella in Northwest China is relatively stable.
基金Supported by The Key Research and Development Program of Anhui Province(202204c06020009)The Special Fund for Anhui Agriculture Research System(AHCYJXTX-05-13)The Platform Project of the Anhui Academy of Agricultural Science(2024YL016).
文摘This paper introduces the characteristics of swine foot-and-mouth disease from the aspects of pathogen,epidemiology,clinical symptoms,and anatomical symptoms,and puts forward clinical comprehensive diagnosis and laboratory diagnostic methods.The disease is distinguished with similar diseases,such as swine pox,porcine vesicular stomatitis,and swine vesicular disease.Finally,the prevention and control measures of the disease are proposed.
基金Supported by Anhui Province Key Research and Development Plan(202204c06020039)Hefei Comprehensive Experimental Station of National Egg Chicken Industry Technology System(CARS-40-S10)+1 种基金Anhui Province Poultry Industry Technology System(AHCYJSTX-06)Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences Platform Project(2023YL013).
文摘This paper introduced the characteristics of avian leukosis from the aspects of pathogen,epidemiology,clinical symptoms,and anatomical symptoms,and puts forward clinical comprehensive diagnosis and laboratory diagnostic methods.Besides,the disease is also differentiated from similar diseases of chicken such as Marek's disease,infectious bursal disease and reticuloendothelial hyperplasia.Finally,the prevention and control measures against the disease were proposed.
基金Supported by Ningxia Agricultural Reclamation Group Science and Technology Innovation ProjectNew Feed Technology Promotion Project of Ningxia Agriculture and Rural DepartmentNingxia Feed Industry Expert Technical Service Group Project。
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to analyze effects of antimicrobial peptides added to the diet of Tan sheep on their production, slaughter performance and blood composition. [Methods] Ninety two four-month-old Tan sheep were randomly divided into two treatment groups according to their body weight, 46 in each group. The control check group(CK) was feed with conventional diet, and the experimental group was fed with the addition of antimicrobial peptide on the basis of the conventional diet, with the added amount of 2.5 g/sheep per day. The experimental period was 60 d. [Results] The incidence rate was 75.06% lower in the experimental group than in the CK. The average daily weight gain per sheep was 11.27% higher in the experimental group than in the CK(P<0.05). The feed conversion ratio was 8.45% lower in the experimental group than in the CK(P<0.05). The average daily gross profit per sheep was 12.12% higher in the experimental group than in the CK. For slaughter performance, the data difference of each item was not significant. The PH at 45 min and 24 h after slaughter was within the normal range of fresh mutton. The cooked meat percentage and water loss rate showed no significant differences(P>0.05). The marbling ranged from 2.45 to 2.50, indicating that the fat content was moderate, and the difference between groups was not significant(P>0.05). The flesh color ranged from 3.00 to 3.15, between light red and bright red, belonging to the normal color of mutton, and the difference between groups was not significant(P>0.05). The shear force was between 2.50 and 2.65, without a significant difference between groups(P>0.05). The white blood cells, lymphocytes and platelets in the experimental group were lower than those in the CK(P<0.01). The erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the erythrocyte group were higher than those in the CK(P<0.05). The neutrophils and monocytes in the experimental group were lower than those in the CK(P<0.05). [Conclusions] This study provides a technical basis for the rational use of antimicrobial peptides and their application in ruminants.
基金This study was funded by the Key Laboratory of Feed and Livestock and Poultry Products Quality&Safety Control,Ministry of Agriculture(2021202201)Reform and Development Project of BAAFS(XMS202322).
文摘Background A deterioration in the meat quality of broilers has attracted much more attention in recent years.L-malic acid(MA)is evidenced to decrease meat drip loss in broilers,but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear.It’s also not sure whether the outputs obtained under experimental conditions can be obtained in a com-mercial condition.Here,we investigated the effects and mechanisms of dietary MA supplementation on chicken meat drip loss at large-scale rearing.Results Results showed that the growth performance and drip loss were improved by MA supplementation.Meat metabolome revealed that L-2-aminoadipic acid,β-aminoisobutyric acid,eicosapentaenoic acid,and nicotinamide,as well as amino acid metabolism pathways connected to the improvements of meat quality by MA addition.The transcriptome analysis further indicated that the effect of MA on drip loss was also related to the proper immune response,evidenced by the enhanced B cell receptor signaling pathway,NF-κB signaling pathway,TNF signaling pathway,and IL-17 signaling pathway.Conclusions We provided evidence that MA decreased chicken meat drip loss under commercial conditions.Metabolome and transcriptome revealed a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms.Together,MA could be used as a promising dietary supplement for enhancing the water-holding capacity of chicken meat.
基金supported by Jiangsu Provincial Seed Industry Revitalization Project [JBGS(2021)108].
文摘The reproductive performance of female chickens is critical for determining the efficiency of production and productivity and thus profitability.Studies have shown that the reproductive performance of female chickens is mainly regulated by the feed,hormones,genes,and light conditions.Herein,we review the major factors regulating female chicken reproductive performance and assess the reproductive organs and their functions.In the current review,we highlight how the interconnections of hormones,candidate genes,and photo-stimulation regulate female chicken reproductive hormones and thus regulate the reproductive organ performance.In this regard,the roles of main hormones[gonadotropinreleasing hormone(GnRH)and genes(GnRH-Ⅰ)]in regulating sexual maturation and ovarian development and maintenance by influencing the survival and function of follicular granulosa cells were also reviewed.In addition,the current review also highlights how feeding female chickens with diets and artificial light-emitting diodes(LEDs)support the effective functioning of their reproductive capacity through the stimulation of sexual maturity at an appropriate age and regeneration of aged reproductive organs.
基金Supported by the Special Project of Technological Innovation of Hainan Provincial Research Institute(SQKY2022-0006)&Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province(321MS0809).
文摘[Objectives]To study the anti-inflammatory effect of Elephantopus scaber L.extract on acute pleurisy induced by carrageenan in rats,and to explore its anti-inflammatory mechanism.[Methods]The active sites of E.scaber L.were extracted by ethanol reflux method.The extracts of different concentrations of E.scaber L.were used as the study object,and dexamethasone was used as the positive control drug.The anti-inflammatory effects of E.scaber L.extracts were studied by measuring the levels of malondialdehyde(MDA),prostaglandin E_(2)(PGE_(2)),tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β)in pleural fluid and serum nitric oxide(NO),MDA,PEG_(2),TNF-α,IL-1βin rats with acute pleurisy induced by carrageenan.[Results]E.scaber L.extracts in three doses could reduce the levels of inflammatory factors in pleural fluid and serum,and inhibit acute pleurisy in rats.It was speculated that the anti-inflammatory mechanism was related to the inhibition of the release of inflammatory factors and the antioxidant effect of extracts of three doses of E.scaber L.[Conclusions]This experiment provides a basis for the development and application of E.scaber L.
基金supported by the Technology Development and Research Projects of Ministry of Science and Scientific Research Institutes(NCSTE-2006-JKZX-293)Science and Technology Major Projects in Gansu Province(2009GS02443)the National Science and Technology Support Program of China(2008BADB4B05)
文摘Taeniasis and cysticercosis in domestic animals belong to zoonosis and seriously threaten the public health security. Especially the cysticercosis and echinococcosis caused by the tapeworm eggs have great harms to bodies because they can attack many organs of body. According to the combination of experimental results and literature materials, the morphology and transmission mode of taenia and cysticercus, the prevalence status and monitoring of taeniasis and cysticercosis as well as the antitapeworm mechanism, comparative analysis to other drugs, expelling tapeworm tests in vitro, dose determining tests and usage notes of arecoline hydrobromide were expounded in detail. It provides a theoretical basis for prevention of taeniasis and cysticarcosis and more scientific usage of arecoline hydrobromide and thus relieves the harms of taeniasis and cysticercosis and ensuring the public health security.
基金Modern Agri-industry Technology Research System(CARS-43)Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Fujian Academy of Agriculture Science(STIF-02)Science and Technology Innovation Foundation for Young Scientists of Fujian Academy of Agriculture Science(2008QB-6)
文摘Duck circovirus （DuCV）, a potential immunosuppressive virus, was investigated in Southern China from March 2006 to December 2009 by using a polymerase chain reaction （PCR） based method. In this study, a total of 138 sick or dead duck samples from 18 different farms were examined with an average DuCV infection rate of-35%. It was found that ducks between the ages of 40~60 days were more susceptible to DuCV. There was no evidence showing that the DuCV virus was capable of vertical transmission. Farms with positive PCR results exhibited no regularly apparent clinical abnormalities such as feathering disorders, growth retardation or lower-than-average weight. The complete genomes of 91 strains from Fujian Province and 1 from Zhejiang Province were sequenced and analyzed. The 10 DuCV genomes, comlbared with others genomes downloaded from GenBank, ranged in size from 1988 to 1996 base pairs, with sequence identities ranging from 83.2% to 99.8%. Phylogenetic analysis based on genome sequences demonstrated that DuCVs can be divided into two distinct genetic genotypes, Group I （the Euro-USA lineage） and Group II（the Taiwan lineage）, with approximately 10.0% genetic difference between the two types. Molecular epidemiological data suggest there is no obvious difference among DuCV strains isolated from different geographic locations or different species, including Duck, Muscovy duck, Mule duck, Cheery duck, Mulard duck and Pekin duck.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province, China (2012C12906-4)the Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System of China (CARS-36)+1 种基金the National Key Technology R&D Program, China (2012BAD39B03-4)Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest, China (201403047)
文摘Pomegranates is abundant in polyphenols and is well-known for its antioxidant activity. Punicalagin （PG） is a major poly- phenolic compound in the pomegranate peel. In certain conditions, PG can be hydrolyzed to punicallin （PL） and ellagic acid （EA）, and PL can be further hydrolyzed to EA. PG, PL, and EA all play important roles in the antioxidant activity of pomegranate peels. This study was conducted to compare the in vitro antioxidant activity and in vivo anti-oxidative stress effects of PG, PL, and EA. For the in vitro test, 2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl radical （DPPH.） and superoxide anion （O2~） scavenging capacities, ferric-reducing antioxidant power （FRAP）, and lipid peroxidation （LPO） inhibition capacities of PG, PL, and EA were tested. For the in vivo test, oxidatively stressed mice, which were induced by oxidized fish oil, were administrated PG, PL or EA （10 mg kg-1 d-1） for 21 days. The results showed that the in vitro antioxidant activity trends were EA〉PG〉PL〉Trolox in scavenging DPPH., PG〉PL〉EA=Trolox in scavenging O2~, EA〉PG=PL〉Trolox in FRAP, and Trolox〉PG〉EA〉PL in LPO inhibition. In the in vivo test, the EAt＇reatment increased the average daily weight gain and total antioxidant capacity （T-AOC） in the plasma （P〈0.05）, liver （P〈0.05）, and intestine （P〈0.05） in oxidatively stressed mice. It increased the superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity in the liver （P〈0.05） and intestine （P〈0.05）. It increased the glutathi- one peroxidase （GSH-Px） activity in the intestine （P〈0.05） and the intestinal villus height to crypt depth ratio （P〈0.05）. EA treatment decreased the malondialdehyde （MDA） content in the plasma （P〈0.05）, liver （P〈0.05）, and intestine （P〈0.05） and the mRNA expressions of the pro-inflammatory factors, TNF-a （P〈0.05）, IFN-y （P〈0.05） and IL-6 （P〈0.05）. PL increased the SOD （P〈0.05） and GSH-Px activities （P〈0.05） in the intestine and decreased the MDA content （P〈0.05） and the mRNA expressions of TNF-a （P〈0.05） and IL-6 （P〈0.05） in the intestine. PG increased the SOD activity （P〈0.05） and GSH-Px activity （P〈0.05） in the intestine and decreased the MDA content in the intestine （P〈0.05） and IL-6 mRNA expression in the intestine （P〈0.05）. In summary, EA, PL, and PG all had powerful in vitro antioxidant capacities, and they had different antioxidant advantages in acting against different types of radicals; EA was more effective than PL and PG in protecting against oxidative injury in vivo, especially for intestinal injury. These findings suggest that multiple polyphenol compounds in pomegranate peel may exert superior antioxidant activity than single purified polyphenols; when using pomegranate peels as health-promoting additive in animal feed, raising EA content by methods of hydrolysis or fermentation in advance could achieve better effects.
基金supported by the fund of Doctor Startup Project in Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Chinathe Project of Anhui Poultry Technology Committee, China (AHCYTX-10)
文摘A total of 900 one-d-old Chinese Huainan Partridge Shank chickens were randomly allocated into nine groups with five replicates of 20 each.Birds were fed with basal diet,basal diet supplemented with 150 mg kg^（–1） aureomycin,basal diet supplemented with different proportions of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis,which was 0：1.0×10~6,2.5×10~5：7.5×10~5,3.3×10~5：6.6×10~5,5.0×10~5：5.0×10~5,6.6×10~5：3.3×10~5,7.5×10~5：2.5×10~5 and 1.0×10~6：0,respectively.The duration of the experiment was 56 d.The results indicated that dietary supplementation of 6.6×10~5：3.3×10~5 of B.lichenifornis：B.subtilis improved final body weight,increased the average daily gain,and reduced feed/gain ratio（P〈0.05）.The numbers of total Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium sp.in the caecum significantly increased,and the numbers of Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp.significantly declined compared to that of the control（P〈0.05）.Intestinal villous height and villous height to crypt depth ratio of the duodenum,jejunum,and ileum were significantly higher than that of the control,and intestinal crypt depth of the duodenum and ileum was significantly lower（P〈0.05）.The total antioxidant capacity,total superoxide dismutase,and glutathione peroxidase ability in plasma significantly improved,while the malondialdehyde concentration in plasma decreased（P〈0.05）.Compared to the control,plasma concentrations of ammonia,uric acid and urea nitrogen and the activity of xanthine oxidase were reduced（P〈0.05）.In conclusion,an inclusion of 6.6×10~5：3.3×10~5 of B.licheniformis：B.subtilis to the diet improved the growth performance,caecal microbiota,plasma biochemical profile,and significantly improved the small intestine morphology,while reducing the mortality rate.
基金This study was financially supported by USDA-NIFA(award number 2014–67015-21832).
文摘Background:The study objective was to test the hypothesis that 1)lowering dietary crude protein(CP)increases dietary energetic efficiency and reduces metabolic heat associated with lactation,and 2)excessive dietary leucine(Leu)supplementation in a low CP diet decreases dietary energetic efficiency and increases metabolic heat associated with lactation.Methods:Fifty-four lactating multiparous Yorkshire sows were allotted to 1 of 3 isocaloric diets(10.80 MJ/kg net energy):1)control(CON;18.75%CP),2)reduced CP with a near ideal or optimal AA profile(OPT;13.75%CP)and 3)diet OPT with excessive Leu(OPTLEU;14.25%CP).Sow body weight and backfat were recorded on day 1 and 21 of lactation and piglets were weighed on day 1,4,8,14,18,and 21 of lactation.Energy balance was measured on sows during early(day 4 to 8)and peak(day 14 to18)lactation,and milk was sampled on day 8 and 18.Results:Over 21-day lactation,sows fed OPT lost body weight and body lipid(P<0.05).In peak lactation,sows fed OPT had higher milk energy output(P<0.05)than CON.Sows fed OPTLEU tended(P=0.07)to have less milk energy output than OPT and did not differ from CON.Maternal energy retention was lower(P<0.05)in OPT and OPTLEU compared to CON sows,and did not differ between OPTLEU and OPT sows.Sows fed OPT had higher(P<0.05)apparent energy efficiency for milk production compared to CON.Heat production associated with lactation was lower(P<0.05)or tended to be lower(P=0.082),respectively,in OPT and OPTLEU compared to CON sows.Conclusion:The OPT diet,in peak lactation,improved dietary energy utilization for lactation due to less urinary energy and metabolic heat loss,and triggered dietary energy deposition into milk at the expense of maternal lipid mobilization.Leucine supplementation above requirement may reduce dietary energy utilization for lactation by decreasing the energy partitioning towards milk,partially explaining the effectiveness of OPT diet over CON diets.
基金This research was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China,grant number 31501941Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,grant number 2018-YWF-YB-1,and 2015ywf-zd-2+1 种基金the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System,grant number CARS-38the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of China,grant number ASTIP-IAS13.
文摘Background:JUNO and IZUMO1 are the first receptor-ligand protein pairs discovered to be essential for spermoocyte fusion;their interaction is indispensable for fertilization.Methods:PCR was used to clone the full-length DNA sequence of the Juno gene in sheep.The single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)loci of Juno were genotyped by Sequenom MassARRAY®.PCR combined with rapid amplification of cDNA Ends were used to clone the full-length cDNA sequence of Juno and Izumo1.Reverse transcriptase-PCR(RT-PCR)and real time-quantitative-PCR(RT-qPCR)were used to analyze the genes’expression in tissues of sheep,and single cell RNA-seq was used to analyze the genes’expression in oocytes,granulosa cells and follicular theca of polytocous and monotocous Small Tail Han ewes.Bioinformatics was used to analyze advanced structure and phylogeny of JUNO and IZUMO1 proteins.Results:The full-length DNA sequence of the Juno gene in sheep was cloned and nine SNPs were screened.We found a significant association between the g.848253 C>A locus of Juno and litter size of Small Tail Han sheep(P<0.05).The full-length cDNA sequence of Juno and Izumo1 genes from Small Tail Han sheep were obtained.We found a new segment of the Izumo1 CDS consisting of 35 bp,and we confirmed the Izumo1 gene has 9 exons,not 8.RT-qPCR showed that Juno and Izumo1 genes were highly expressed in ovarian and testicular tissues,respectively(P<0.01).Single cell RNA-seq showed Juno was specifically expressed in oocytes,but not in granulosa cells or follicular theca,while Izumo1 displayed little to no expression in all three cell types.There was no difference in expression of the Juno gene in oocyte and ovarian tissue in sheep with different litter sizes,indicating expression of Juno is not related to litter size traits.Bioinformatic analysis revealed the g.848253 C>A locus of Juno results in a nonconservative missense point mutation leading to a change from Phe to Leu at position 219 in the amino acid sequence.Conclusions:For the first time,this study systematically analyzed the expression,structure and function of Juno and Izumo1 genes and their encoded proteins in Small Tail Han sheep,providing the basis for future studies of the regulatory mechanisms of Juno and Izumo1 genes.
基金Supported by Special Fund for National Hair Sheep Industrial Technology System(CARS-39-24)Science and Technology Development Program of Shanxi Province(20120311024-1)+2 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Team Project of Shanxi Province(201705D131028-20)Financial Support of Agriculture of Shanxi Province(NYGX2015-03)Talent Project for Science and Technology Development in Outlaying Poor Areas,Frontier Ethnic Minority Areas and Old Revolutionary Base Areas of Shanxi Province,China(2017Sy128)
文摘[Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the effects of lamb age and in vitro culture system of oocytes on the results of juvenile in vitro embryo transfer( JIVET). [Methods]Ten Dorper × small-tailed Han lambs aged 5 to 10 weeks were induced to superovulate via i. p. injection of pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin( PMSG). The oocytes were matured in basal maturation solution or modified maturation solution,which was prepared by adding 200 μmol/L cysteine to the basal maturation solution. Then,the oocytes were fertilized in fertilization medium I containing 2% estrus sheep serum( ESS) or fertilization medium II containing 3 mg/ml bull serum albumin( BSA). Finally,the number of oocytes,oocyte maturation rate and cleavage rate of the lambs of different ages were determined. [Results]The average number of oocytes recovered per lamb was( 111. 00 ± 16. 97),( 139. 50 ± 28. 99),( 108. 50 ± 17. 68) and( 42. 00 ± 11. 31) for5-,7-,8-and 10-week-old Dorper × small-tailed Han lambs,respectively. The number of oocytes obtained from 5-,7-and 8-week-old lambs was significantly higher than that from 10-week-old lambs( P < 0. 05),but there was no significant difference among 5-,7-and 8-week-old lambs( P > 0. 05). The maturation rate of oocytes cultured in modified maturation solution was 3. 64% higher than that in basal maturation solution. The cleavage rate of oocytes in fertilization medium I was very significantly higher than that in fertilization medium II( P < 0. 01). [Conclusions] The results of JIVET can be improved by harvesting oocytes from lambs aged 5-8 weeks,adding a certain amount of cysteine into oocyte maturation solution,and a certain amount of ESS into fertilization medium.
文摘To evaluate the effects of different extract of Pseudostellaria heterophylla on immunological function in mice based on Meta-analysis and Network meta-analysis,the article retrieved domestic and foreign databases according to the"PICO"retrieval strategy,and used Stata and ADDIS software for Meta analysis.A total of 6 reports,10 randomised controlled trials(RCTs)were eventually involved.Meta analysis results showed that:compared with the control group,the experimental group of polysaccharide,saponin and crude extract were better than that of the control(P<0.05),which significantly improved the immunological function in mice.Network meta-analysis results showed that the saponin had the best effect on the increase of phagocytic index and the differences were statistically significant[MD=1.50,95%CI(0.71,2.28),P<0.05];The polysaccharide and saponin had better effect on the increase of spleen index than the control and crude extract,and the differences were statistically significant[MD=0.77,95%CI(0.27,1.31),P<0.05],[MD=0.71,95%CI(0.01,1.50),P<0.05];the polysaccharide had the best effect on the increase of thymus index and the differences were statistically significant[MD=0.70,95%CI(0.11,1.34),P<0.05].The rank probability showed that the saponin of Pseudostellaria heterophylla had the maximum probability to increase phagocytic index of mice;the probability for the components of Pseudostellaria heterophylla increasing spleen index of mice was in the order of crude extract>polysaccharide>saponin;the probability for the components of Pseudostellaria heterophylla increasing thymus index of mice was in the order of saponin>polysaccharide>crude extract.Based on the available evidence,the extract of Pseudostellaria heterophylla could improve the immunity of mice,and the clinical effect of polysaccharide and saponin was the best,which provided a more valuable scientific reference for evidencing that the polysaccharide and saponin of Pseudostellaria heterophylla was the effective components for improving immunological function,and also was conducive to the proper further development of Pseudostellaria heterophylla resources.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872385)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Non-profit Scientific Institution,China(Y2019CG08)the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFD0502001)。
文摘Early life intervention is important to shape the gut microbiome profiles of adult animals due to the tremendous alteration of diet components. Nevertheless, there is still no unified understanding about its long-term effects in lambs. In this study, sixty 20-day-old lambs were assigned into ewe-rearing(ER) and artificial-rearing(AR) treatments to evaluate the effects of AR strategy on ruminal microbiota, fermentation, and morphology of pre-weaning lambs(from 20 to 60 days of age) and its long-term effects in the fattening stage(from 61 to 180 days of age). During the pre-weaning stage, ER lambs were breastfed and supplemented starter, while AR lambs were artificially fed with milk replacer and starter. During the fattening stage, all lambs in both treatments were fed with the same fattening diets. At 60, 120 and 180 days of age, 6 lambs from each group were slaughtered to collect rumen content and tissue samples. Compared with ER lambs, the dry matter feed intakes of AR lambs increased(P<0.05) from 20 to 180 days of age, companying an increased average daily gain(ADG) from 61 to 120 days of age(P<0.05) and from 121 to 180 days of age(0.05<P<0.1). Although there was no difference in short-chain fatty acid(SCFA, including acetate, propionate, and butyrate) between treatments before weaning(P>0.05), it was higher(P<0.05) in AR lambs compared with ER lambs at the fattening stage. The rumen keratin layer of AR lambs was thinner(P<0.05) than that of ER lambs. Along with lamb growth from 60 to 180 days of age, the differences in rumen bacterial diversity between AR and ER treatments grew more distinct(P<0.05). Compared with ER lambs, AR lambs increased(P<0.05) rumen bacteria abundance, such as phylum Spirochaetes and genus Treponema at 60 days of age, phylum Actinobacteria and genus Succiniclasticum at 120 days of age, and phylum Proteobacteria at 180 days of age, but decreased genus Selenomonas from 60 to 180 days of age, and Anaerovibrio at 180 days of age. In summary, the early interventions before weaning could improve dry matter feed intake of lambs, which triggered robust rumen development and produced positive long-term effects on rumen fermentation and noticeable weight gain of fattening lambs. It suggests that the artificial rearing strategy is effective in improving rumen fermentation and microbial maturity of intensive fattening lambs.
基金supported by grants from the National High-Tech R&D Program (No. 2011AA100303)the National Key Technology R&D Program (No. 2011BAD19B01)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 31271253)
文摘Background： The p21-activated kinase 1 （PAK1）is essential of microtubule assembly during oocyte meiotic maturation porcine oocytes. for mitosis and plays an important role in the regulatio in mice; however, little is known about its role in Result： Total p21-activated kinase 1 （PAK1） and phosphorylated PAK1 at Thr423 （PAK1^Thr423） were consistently expressed in porcine oocytes from the germinal vesicle （GV） to the second metaphase （MII） stages, but phosphorylation of histone H3 at Serr10 （H3^ser10） was only expressed after the GV stage. Immunofiuorescence analysis revealed that PAK1Thr423 and H3^ser10 colocalized on chromosomes after the GV stage. Blocking of endogenous PAK1^Thr423 by injecting a specific antibody decreased the phosphorylation level of H3^ser10; however, it had no impact on chromatin condensation, meiotic progression, cleavage rate of blastomeres or the rate of blastocyst formation. Conclusion： Phosphorylation of PAK1^Thr423 is a spontaneous activation process and the activated PAK1^Thr423 can promote the phosphorylation of H3^ser10; however, this pathway is not required for meiotic maturation of porcine oocytes or early embryonic development.
基金financially supported by the Education Department of Sichuan Province(18ZB0289)。
文摘Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Bacillus subtilis were employed as a new combination of strains to treat rapeseed meal by solid-state fermentation,aiming to efficiently degrade the glucosinolates,which are the main toxin in the meal.Single-factor tests and Response surface methodology(RSM)were used to optimize the fermentation parameters.Under the optimum fermentation parameters of 15%total injection volume of the mixture of Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Bacillus subtilis with a ratio of 2:1,bran content of16%,feed to water ratio of 1:1.5,fermentation temperature of 36°C and fermentation time of 72 h,the content of glucosinolates in rapeseed meal was decreased from 64.558μmol/g to 3.473μmol/g,reaching a high degradation rate(94.62%).The high detoxification rate by a consortium of Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Bacillus subtilis provides a bright application prospect in feed utilization of rapeseed meal.
基金Supported by Shandong Swine Industry Technology System Innovation(SDAIT-08-03)Agricultural Improved Variety Project of Shandong Province(2011LZ013-01)National Swine Industry Technology System Innovation(CARS-36-09B)
文摘In order to assess the meat quality under different storage time and conditions, the pH value, TBA value, glycogen and lactic acid content in muscle of Landrace and Yorkshire were measured. The results showed that within 10 h post slaughtering, post slaughtering time had extremely significant influence on pH value and lactic acid content of Landrace, but had no significant influence on glycogen content and TBA value. On the other hand, post slaughtering time had extremely significant influence on pH value of Yorkshire, but had no significant influence on glycogen, lactic acid content and TBA value. The pH values of Yorkshire at 3, 5 and 10 h post slaughtering were 5.21% （ P 〈 0.01 ）, 5.64% （ P 〈 0.05 ） and 5.59% （ P 〈 0.05 ） higher than those of Landrace, respectively ; the lactic acid content in muscle of Landrace at 10 h post slaughtering was 56.04% （P 〈0.05） higher than that of Yorkshire; the TBA value in muscle of Yorkshire at 10 h post slaughtering was 89. 19% （P 〈 0.01 ） higher than that of Landrace; there was no significant difference in glycogen content between Yorkshire and Landrace. When pork stored at 4℃, storage time had no significant influence on pH value and glycogen content in muscle of Landrace, but had significant influence on drip loss, lactic acid content and TBA value ; storage time had no significant influence on pH value, glycogen content and TBA value in muscle of Yorkshire, but extremely significant influence on drip loss and significant influence on lactic acid content. The pH value in muscle of Yorkshire at 24 h post storage at 4℃ was 6.56% （P 〈0.05） higher than that of Landrace; the glycogen contents in muscle of Landrace at 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 and 144 h post storage at 4℃ were 84.90% （P〈0.05）,78.40% （P〈0.01）, 101.87% （P〈0.05）, 83.80% （P〈0.05）, 83.59% （P〈 0.05）and67.25% （P〈0.01）higher than those of York-shire, respectively; the drip loss of Landrace at 72 h post storage and TBA value at 144 h post storage were 55.70% （ P 〈 0.05 ） and 141.33 % （ P 〈 0.01 ） higher than those of Yorkshire, respectively; there was no significant difference in glycogen content between Yorkshire and Landrace. When pork stored at -20℃, storage time had significant influence on TBA value in muscle of Landrace, but had no significant influence on pH value, thawing water loss rate, glycogen and lactic acid content; storage time had no significant impact on pH value, thawing water loss rate, glycogen content and TBA value in muscle of Yorkshire, and had significant influence on lactic acid content. The pH value in muscle of Yorkshire at 24 h post storage at - 20℃ was 5.43 % （ P 〈 0.05 ） higher than that of I.andrace ; the glycogen contents in muscle of Landrace at 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 h post storage at - 20℃ were 85.08% （ P 〈0. 05 ）, 108.66% （ P 〈 0.01 ）, 72.69% （ P 〈 0.05 ）, 90.31% （ P 〈 0.01 ）, 70.38% （ P 〉 0.05 ） higher than those of Yorkshire, respectively ; the thawing water loss rates of Landrace at 24 and 72 h were 160.14% （ P 〈 0.05 ） and 74.32% （ P 〈 0.05 ） higher than those of Yorkshire, respectively ; there was no significant difference in lactic acid content and TBA value at the same time point between Yorkshire and Landrace.
