BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM)is an independent risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),while insulin is a potent mitogen.Identifying a new therapeutic modality for preventing insulin users from develop...BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM)is an independent risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),while insulin is a potent mitogen.Identifying a new therapeutic modality for preventing insulin users from developing HCC is a critical goal for researchers.AIM To investigate whether regular herbal medicine use can decrease HCC risk in DM patients with regular insulin control.METHODS We used data acquired from the Taiwan,Chinaese National Health Insurance research database between 2000 and 2017.We identified patients with DM who were prescribed insulin for>3 months.The herb user group was further defined as patients prescribed herbal medication for DM for>3 months per annum during RESULTS We initially enrolled 657144 DM patients with regular insulin use from 2000 to 2017.Among these,46849 patients had used a herbal treatment for DM,and 140547 patients were included as the matched control group.The baseline variables were similar between the herb users and nonusers.DM patients with regular herb use had a 12%decreased risk of HCC compared with the control group[adjusted hazard ratio(aHR)=0.88,95%CI=0.80–0.97].The cumulative incidence of HCC in the herb users was significantly lower than that of the nonusers.Patients with a herb use of>5 years cumulatively exhibited a protective effect against development of HCC(aHR=0.82,P<0.05).Of patients who developed HCC,herb users exhibited a longer survival time than nonusers(aHR=0.78,P=0.0001).Additionally,we report the top 10 herbs and formulas in prescriptions and summarize the potential pharmacological effects of the constituents.Our analysis indicated that Astragalus propinquus(Huang Qi)plus Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge(Dan Shen),and Astragalus propinquus(Huang Qi)plus Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim.(Tian Hua Fen)were the most frequent combination of single herbs.Meanwhile,Ji Sheng Shen Qi Wan plus Dan Shen was the most frequent combination of herbs and formulas.CONCLUSION This large-scale retrospective cohort study reveals that herbal medicine may decrease HCC risk by 12%in DM patients with regular insulin use.展开更多
BACKGROUND Dementia is a prevalent condition in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients.While Chinese herbal medicine(CHM)is often employed as complementary therapy for glycemic control,its effect in controlling likeli...BACKGROUND Dementia is a prevalent condition in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients.While Chinese herbal medicine(CHM)is often employed as complementary therapy for glycemic control,its effect in controlling likelihood of dementia has not yet been fully elucidated.AIM To compare the risk of dementia between T2DM patients with and without CHM treatment.METHODS We undertook a nested case-control study and obtained data on patients 20-70 years of age who received medical care for T2DM between 2001 and 2010 from the National Health Insurance Research database in Taiwan.Cases,defined as those with dementia that occurred at least one year after the diagnosis of T2DM,were randomly matched to controls without dementia from the study cohort at a 1:1 ratio.We applied conditional logistic regression to explore the associations between CHM treatment and dementia.RESULTS A total of 11699 dementia cases were matched to 11699 non-dementia controls.We found that adding CHM to conventional care was related to a lower risk of dementia[adjusted odds ratio(OR)=0.51],and high-intensity CHM treatment was associated with an adjusted OR of 0.22.CONCLUSION This study shows that the cumulative CHM exposure was inversely associated with dementia risk in an exposureresponse manner,implying that CHM treatment may be embraced as a disease management approach for diabetic patients to prevent dementia.展开更多
The California Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture Research Association,founded on March 25,1974,is the first Chinese medicine organization registered with the state government in California.It was established after more...The California Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture Research Association,founded on March 25,1974,is the first Chinese medicine organization registered with the state government in California.It was established after more than a year of arduous preparation and had 15 founding members.Over time,it evolved into the biggest organization of Chinese medicine and acupuncture in California.And in 2015,it became the American Association of Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture with more than 500 members.展开更多
Objective:To explore the structural and functional characteristics of microbiota in oropharynx of subhealthy children with gastrointestinal heat retention syndrome(GHRS)differentiated by traditional Chinese medicine,a...Objective:To explore the structural and functional characteristics of microbiota in oropharynx of subhealthy children with gastrointestinal heat retention syndrome(GHRS)differentiated by traditional Chinese medicine,and screen the biometric operational taxonomic units(OTUs)to assist the clinical diagnosis.Methods:We recruited children according to the“GHRS diagnostic scale”,collected their oropharyngeal swabs,and sequenced the 16 SrDNA V4 region.We described the bacterial structure with alpha-indexes,beta-distances,and relative abundances;moreover,we screened the differential genera/OTUs with Wilcoxon rank-sum test,Metagenome Seq analysis,and linear discriminant analysis effect size(LEf Se)analysis,in which biometric OTUs were selected to construct the receiver operating characteristic curve to verify the diagnostic value.The bacterial function was predicted with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways according to 16S rDNA gene by using Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States.Results:The study population was composed of 10 children with GHRS and 10 healthy control children.GHRS children were more likely to overeat(gluttony,P=.033).Alpha-indexes,such as Sobs,abundancebased coverage estimator,Bootstrap,and Qstat,were significantly higher in the GHRS group,while betadistances did not exhibit any significant intergroup differences.There were 9 differently distributed nonpredominant genera between the groups in Wilcoxon rank-sum test,as well as 13 non-predominant genera in Metagenome Seq analysis and 3 non-predominant OTUs in LEfSe analysis.OTU44 and OTU196 were used to construct the receiver operating characteristic curve,and the area under curve was 0.92.Predicted functions showed that pathways related to oxidative phosphorylation and carbon metabolism were enriched in healthy control samples,while the pathway related to renin secretion was remarkably enriched in GHRS samples.Conclusion:Unique oropharyngeal microbial structure and function were identified in GHRS children.OTU44 and OTU196 were specific OTUs,which could be used as biomarkers of GHRS to assist clinical diagnosis.展开更多
Objectives:Chinese medicine doctors have practiced in the United States since April of 1854,the world's first Chinese medicine doctor's memorial is Kam Wah Chung Museum in John Day,Oregon,U.S.,to commemorate D...Objectives:Chinese medicine doctors have practiced in the United States since April of 1854,the world's first Chinese medicine doctor's memorial is Kam Wah Chung Museum in John Day,Oregon,U.S.,to commemorate Dr.Ing Hay(“Doc Hay”伍于念)and his business partner Lung On(梁光荣).There were few studies to explore Doc Hay's real practice and prescription,while most of papers focused on Doc Hay's legend life.This paper aims to analyze and interpret one of the intriguing herbal prescriptions that Doc Hay had hand-written.Materials and Methods:Dr.Arthur Yin Fan made an academic travel to Kam Wah Chung museum on August 5,2018 and examined the books and hand-written prescriptions of Doc Hay,which were not exhibited to the public at that time.This paper analyzes and interprets one of herbal prescriptions that Doc Hay had hand-written in 1907.Interpretation process included four steps:(1):Transform Doc Hay's hand-written prescription(with original herb names)to standard herb names in Chinese.(2):Induct and rearrange the herb name into groups based on herb property characteristics and then translate them into both PinYin names and English names.Analyzation of the prescription may include in what classic formula(s)routinely introduced in Chinese medicine textbooks.(3):Analyze the herbal action for each group and potential symptoms or conditions the patient may have had.An analysis of classic formula(s)used in the prescription may represent what clinical condition was being treated at that time.(4):Combine the analysis to give a comprehensive picture of the patient.Results:The prescription consists of 67 herbs,total 934.6 grams,and including Yin Qiao Powder(银翘散),Sang Ju Decoction(桑菊饮),Zhi Sou Powder(止嗽散),Qing Ying Decoction(清营汤),Xi Jiao Di Huang Decoction(犀角地黄汤),Long Dan Xie Gan Decoction(龙胆泻肝汤)and Chai Hu Shu Gan Powder(柴胡疏肝散).Speculation indicated that the prescription was for a patient who had obvious pulmonary infection accompanied by severe cough,and probably had prolonged pulmonary tuberculosis(TB)also with acute respiratory infection caused by other bacteria or viruses.Based on the analysis of composition of this prescription,it can be used for the treatment of epidemic diseases.Conclusion:The majority of herbs used in this prescription are commonly included in the herbal medicines in China used to effectively counter severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS),H1N1 and currently COVID-19,it might be Doc Hay's basic formula for patients with“Spanish Flu”during the 1918-1920 pandemic.展开更多
Temporal lobe epilepsy is a multifactorial neurological dysfunction syndrome that is refractory,resistant to antiepileptic drugs,and has a high recurrence rate.The pathogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy is complex and...Temporal lobe epilepsy is a multifactorial neurological dysfunction syndrome that is refractory,resistant to antiepileptic drugs,and has a high recurrence rate.The pathogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy is complex and is not fully understood.Intracellular calcium dynamics have been implicated in temporal lobe epilepsy.However,the effect of fluctuating calcium activity in CA1 pyramidal neurons on temporal lobe epilepsy is unknown,and no longitudinal studies have investigated calcium activity in pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 and primary motor cortex M1 of freely moving mice.In this study,we used a multichannel fiber photometry system to continuously record calcium signals in CA1 and M1 during the temporal lobe epilepsy process.We found that calcium signals varied according to the grade of temporal lobe epilepsy episodes.In particular,cortical spreading depression,which has recently been frequently used to represent the continuously and substantially increased calcium signals,was found to correspond to complex and severe behavioral characteristics of temporal lobe epilepsy ranging from gradeⅡto gradeⅤ.However,vigorous calcium oscillations and highly synchronized calcium signals in CA1 and M1 were strongly related to convulsive motor seizures.Chemogenetic inhibition of pyramidal neurons in CA1 significantly attenuated the amplitudes of the calcium signals corresponding to gradeⅠepisodes.In addition,the latency of cortical spreading depression was prolonged,and the above-mentioned abnormal calcium signals in CA1 and M1 were also significantly reduced.Intriguingly,it was possible to rescue the altered intracellular calcium dynamics.Via simultaneous analysis of calcium signals and epileptic behaviors,we found that the progression of temporal lobe epilepsy was alleviated when specific calcium signals were reduced,and that the end-point behaviors of temporal lobe epilepsy were improved.Our results indicate that the calcium dynamic between CA1 and M1 may reflect specific epileptic behaviors corresponding to different grades.Furthermore,the selective regulation of abnormal calcium signals in CA1 pyramidal neurons appears to effectively alleviate temporal lobe epilepsy,thereby providing a potential molecular mechanism for a new temporal lobe epilepsy diagnosis and treatment strategy.展开更多
Objective:To uncover the underlying mechanisms of action of the Yinlai decoction on high-calorie dietinduced pneumonia through proteomics analysis.Methods:Based on the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database,lung tissue ...Objective:To uncover the underlying mechanisms of action of the Yinlai decoction on high-calorie dietinduced pneumonia through proteomics analysis.Methods:Based on the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database,lung tissue samples from normal and high-fat diet(HFD)fed mice in the GSE16377 dataset were selected as test cohorts to identify differentially expressed genes and conduct bioinformatics analyses.In the animal experiments,mice were randomly divided into the control(N),high-calorie diet pneumonia(M),and Yinlai decoction treatment(Y)groups.Mice in the M group received high-calorie feed and a 0.5 mg/mL lipopolysaccharide solution spray for 30 min for 3 d.The mice in the Y group were intragastrically administered 2 mL/10 g Yinlai decoction twice daily for 3 d.Pathological evaluation of the lung tissue was performed.Differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)in the lung tissue were identified using quantitative proteomics and bioinformatics analyses.The drug-target relationships between Yinlai decoction and core DEPs in the lung tissue were verified using AutoDock Vina and Molecular Graphics Laboratory(MGL)Tools.DEPs were verified by western blot.Results:GEO data mining showed that an HFD altered oxidative phosphorylation in mouse lung tissue.The Yinlai decoction alleviated pathological damage to lung tissue and pneumonia in mice that were fed a high-calorie diet.A total of 47 DEPs were identified between the Y and M groups.Enrichment analysis revealed their association with energy metabolism pathways such as the tricarboxylic acid cycle(TCA)and oxidative phosphorylation.The protein-protein interaction network revealed that Atp5a1,Pdha1,and Sdha were the target proteins mediating the therapeutic effects of Yinlai decoction.Molecular docking results suggested that the mechanism of the therapeutic effect of Yinlai decoction involves the binding of brassinolide,praeruptorin B,chrysoeriol,and other components in Yinlai decoction to Atp5a1.Conclusion:The Yinlai decoction alleviated lung tissue damage and pneumonia in mice that were fed a high-calorie diet by regulating the TCA and oxidative phosphorylation.Our study highlights the importance of a healthy diet for patients with pneumonia and provides a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of pneumonia through dietary adjustments.展开更多
Traditional Chinese medicine has widely been used internationally in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)since January 2020.There has been great interest in initiating clinical studies testing different...Traditional Chinese medicine has widely been used internationally in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)since January 2020.There has been great interest in initiating clinical studies testing different Chinese medicine therapies for COVID-19,but the majority of registered studies have yet to move forward due to a lack of COVID-19 patients in China's Mainland.The aim of this article was to systematically review the current clinical research evidence on Chinese medicine for treating COVID-19 from international and domestic bibliographic databases to reflect on the advances in this field.展开更多
Anxiety disorder is a common mental disorder. It is necessary to establish a rapid, stable and specific anxiety model to provide a theoretical basis for further research on the pathogenesis of anxiety and drug develop...Anxiety disorder is a common mental disorder. It is necessary to establish a rapid, stable and specific anxiety model to provide a theoretical basis for further research on the pathogenesis of anxiety and drug development. A single intraperitoneal injection of m-chlorophenylpipera-zine (mCPP) (1, 2, 4 mg/kg) was given to male ICR mice to establish an anxiety model, and the effects of mCPP on anxiety behavior, pain, athletic ability, passive avoidance response ability and depressive behavior of male ICR mice were evaluated. A single intraperitoneal injection of mCPP shortened the time in open arms and decreased the percentage of time in open arms of mice in the elevated plus-maze test. mCPP also shortened center zone distance and reduced the number of entries to the central zone in the open field test. Moreover, mCPP reduced head-dip counts and increased the head-dip latency of mice in the hole-board test. After being administrated with a single intraperitoneal injection of mCPP for 24h, the mice showed no significant difference in the entry into the light side and the percentage of time in the light side of the light-dark box test. A single intraperitoneal injection of mCPP had no effects on tail flick latency, rotating time, number of errors and the step-down latency, the immobility time of mice in the tail-flick test, rotarod test, step-down test and TST respectively. In conclusion, we established a rapid and stable anxiety mouse model by single intraperitoneal injection of mCPP.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the effects of the Chinese herbal decoction,Yi-Qi-Zeng-Min-Tang(YQZMT),on insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic rats.METHODS:Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two dietary regiments by feeding ei...AIM:To investigate the effects of the Chinese herbal decoction,Yi-Qi-Zeng-Min-Tang(YQZMT),on insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic rats.METHODS:Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two dietary regiments by feeding either normal pellet diet(NPD) or high fat diet(HFD).Four weeks later,the HFD-fed rats were injected intraperitoneally with lowdose streptozotocin(STZ).Rats with non-fasting blood glucose level ≥ 16.67 mmol/L were considered type 2 diabetic and further divided into five subgroups:the type 2 diabetes model group,low-dose,medium-doseand high-dose YQZMT groups,and rosiglitazone group.Age-matched NPD-fed rats served as controls.YQZMT or rosiglitazone were administered for 8 wk.Intraperitoneal glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed before and after the treatment to measure the glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity.Serum levels of biochemical parameters,adipocytokines,such as tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),as well as free fatty acids(FFAs),were also analyzed.RESULTS:There was significant elevation of insulin resistance and serum levels of fasting glucose(12.82 ± 1.08 mmol/L vs 3.60 ± 0.31 mmol/L,P < 0.01),insulin(7197.36 ± 253.89 pg/mL vs 4820.49 ± 326.89 pg/mL,P < 0.01),total cholesterol(TC)(8.40 ± 0.49 mmol/L vs 2.14 ± 0.06 mmol/L,P < 0.01),triglyceride(2.24 ± 0.12 mmol/L vs 0.78 ± 0.05 mmol/L,P < 0.01),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-c)(7.84 ± 0.51 mmol/L vs 0.72 ± 0.04 mmol/L,P < 0.01) and decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-c)(0.57 ± 0.03 mmol/L vs 1.27 ± 0.03 mmol/L,P < 0.01) in the low-dose STZ and high-fat diet induced type 2 diabetic group when compared with the control group.Administration of YQZMT induced dose-and timedependent changes in insulin resistance,glucose and lipid profile,and reduced levels of FFA,TNF-α and IL-6 in the type 2 diabetic rats.After the treatment,compared with the diabetic group,the insulin resistance was ameliorated in the high-dose YQZMT(2.82 g/100 g per day) group,with a significant reduction in serum glucose(12.16 ± 1.00 mmol/L vs 17.65 ± 2.22 mmol/L,P < 0.01),homeostasis model assessment of basal insulin resistance(22.68 ± 2.37 vs 38.79 ± 9.02,P < 0.05),triglyceride(0.87 ± 0.15 mmol/L vs 1.99 ± 0.26 mmol/L,P < 0.01),TC(3.31 ± 0.52 mmol/L vs 6.50 ± 1.04 mmol/L,P < 0.01) and LDL-c(2.47 ± 0.50 mmol/L vs 6.00 ± 1.07 mmol/L,P < 0.01),and a signif icant increase in HDL-c(0.84 ± 0.08 mmol/L vs 0.50 ± 0.03 mmol/L,P < 0.01).But the body weight was not changed signif icantly.CONCLUSION:YQZMT,which ameliorates insulin resistance and does not cause increase in body weight,may be a suitable therapeutic adjunct for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.展开更多
In this paper,the scientific research status of Zexie(Rhizoma Alismatis)was comprehensively expounded from the aspects of plant characteristics,source,chemical composition,pharmacological research and quality control ...In this paper,the scientific research status of Zexie(Rhizoma Alismatis)was comprehensively expounded from the aspects of plant characteristics,source,chemical composition,pharmacological research and quality control methods,etc.The market situation of Rhizoma Alismatis was systematically analyzed from historical and current perspectives;aiming at the problems of poor quality and irregular processing of Chinese medicinal herbs Rhizoma Alismatis,some ideas were put forward to improve the quality and market value of medicinal materials of Rhizoma Alismatis,so as to make the Chinese herbal medicine industry develop towards a healthy and efficient direction.展开更多
Background:Chinese minority traditional medicine(CMTM)is an important component of Chinese traditional culture and medicine that has contributed to the health and prosperity of Chinese people of all ethnic groups.Alth...Background:Chinese minority traditional medicine(CMTM)is an important component of Chinese traditional culture and medicine that has contributed to the health and prosperity of Chinese people of all ethnic groups.Although this type of medicine has attracted interest,its developmental trends and research status remain unclear.Therefore,we used literature metrology to evaluate the publications on CMTM during 2021 and explore hotspots and frontier areas.Methods:Reports associated with CMTM published between January 1,2021,and December 31,2021,were downloaded from the Web of Science database.The authors,institutions,countries,journals,keywords,and other standard bibliometric indicators were analyzed and visualized using CiteSpace,and research hotspots and trends were identified.Results:We retrieved 152 CMTM-related publications,among which Tibetan medicine attracted the most interest.Journals covering alternative and complementary medicine topics were the most prevalent sources of reports about CMTM,particularly the Journal of Ethnopharmacology.Most research in this field was conducted in China and frequently published by traditional Chinese medicine colleges and universities.One author,Yi Zhang,has extensively investigated Tibetan and Korean medicine.The keyword co-occurrence network revealed that investigations into ethnic groups mainly focused on the pharmacological activities and phytochemical components of ethnic medicines.The keywords of gut microbiota and autophagy in some publications reflect the direction of future CMTM investigations.Conclusion:Our findings showed the current status and trends in CMTM investigations.This information will help identify new research directions and hotspots in this field.展开更多
Objective:The purpose of this review was to evaluate the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine for activating blood circulation and detoxifying(ABCD)in patients with unstable angina pectoris.Methods:We perform...Objective:The purpose of this review was to evaluate the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine for activating blood circulation and detoxifying(ABCD)in patients with unstable angina pectoris.Methods:We performed an electronic literature search of six medical databases for relevant articles published up to December 2014.Randomized controlled trials that compared ABCD Chinese medicine(alone or alongside conventional drugs)with conventional drugs or other Chinese medicines alone were included.A meta-analysis was performed for the following outcome measures:reduction of angina symptoms,electrocardiogram improvement,blood lipid levels,inflammatory factor levels,and plasma fibrinogen levels.Results:In total,11 moderate-to low-quality studies involving 686 patients were included.The evidence indicated that ABCD Chinese medicine exhibited superior effectiveness in relieving angina symptoms compared with conventional drugs[relative risk,1.23;95%confidence interval,1.05e1.44];however,electrocardiogram improvement was not very significant(relative risk,1.21;95%confidence interval,0.91e1.62).Moreover,ABCD Chinese medicine exhibited superior anti-inflammatory,anticoagulant,and lipid-lowering effects compared with other medicines.Conclusions:Within the methodological limitations of the included studies,our results suggest that ABCD Chinese medicine is beneficial for the treatment of unstable angina pectoris.展开更多
Background: In spite of the advances in Cancer treatment, limitations exist. Refractory cases and late presentations are particularly worrying. The uncertainty of cure and the high costs have led to the popularly of c...Background: In spite of the advances in Cancer treatment, limitations exist. Refractory cases and late presentations are particularly worrying. The uncertainty of cure and the high costs have led to the popularly of complementary and alternative medicine in cancer treatment. Herbal medicine has particular attraction because it has been shown to be working on a multi-targets direction: promoting apoptosis of cancer cells, anti-angiogenesis and immunomodulating. Research on creating a simple herbal formula with multiple effects of cancer control has started and showed in laboratory platforms promising results. Metronomic Chemotherapy: Attention on the use of old oral cytotoxic drugs in small doses for refractory and late cancer cases has started more than a decade. Satisfactory and good results have been found to be related to anti-angiogenesis, immunomodulations and cancer cell apoptosis. These findings are comparable to the use of multiple targets herbal medicine. Conclusion: Assumption is made that metronomic chemotherapy, combined with herbal medicine could be achieving synergistic effects and would be affordable to all patients.展开更多
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease(ASCVD)frequently results in sudden death and poses a serious threat to public health worldwide.The drugs approved for the prevention and treatment of ASCVD are usually used in co...Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease(ASCVD)frequently results in sudden death and poses a serious threat to public health worldwide.The drugs approved for the prevention and treatment of ASCVD are usually used in combination but are inefficient owing to their side effects and single therapeutic targets.Therefore,the use of natural products in developing drugs for the prevention and treatment of ASCVD has received great scholarly attention.Andrographolide(AG)is a diterpenoid lactone compound extracted from Andrographis paniculata.In addition to its use in conditions such as sore throat,AG can be used to prevent and treat ASCVD.It is different from drugs that are commonly used in the prevention and treatment of ASCVD and can not only treat obesity,diabetes,hyperlipidaemia and ASCVD but also inhibit the pathological process of atherosclerosis(AS)including lipid accumulation,inflammation,oxidative stress and cellular abnormalities by regulating various targets and pathways.However,the pharmacological mechanisms of AG underlying the prevention and treatment of ASCVD have not been corroborated,which may hinder its clinical development and application.Therefore,this review summarizes the physiological and pathological mechanisms underlying the development of ASCVD and the in vivo and in vitro pharmacological effects of AG on the relative risk factors of AS and ASCVD.The findings support the use of the old pharmacological compound(‘old bottle’)as a novel drug(‘novel wine’)for the prevention and treatment of ASCVD.Additionally,this review summarizes studies on the availability as well as pharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic properties of AG,aiming to provide more information regarding the clinical application and further research and development of AG.展开更多
Based on single-cell sequencing of the hippocampi of 5×familiar Alzheimer's disease(5×FAD)and wild type mice at 2-,12-,and 24-month of age,we found an increased percentage of microglia in aging and Alzhe...Based on single-cell sequencing of the hippocampi of 5×familiar Alzheimer's disease(5×FAD)and wild type mice at 2-,12-,and 24-month of age,we found an increased percentage of microglia in aging and Alzheimer's disease(AD)mice.Blood brain barrier injury may also have contributed to this increase.Immune regulation by microglia plays a major role in the progression of aging and AD,according to the functions of 41 intersecting differentially expressed genes in microglia.Signaling crosstalk between C−C motif chemokine ligand(CCL)and major histocompatibility complex-1 bridges intercellular communication in the hippocampus during aging and AD.The amyloid precursor protein(APP)and colony stimulating factor(CSF)signals drive 5×FAD to deviate from aging track to AD occurrence among intercellular communication in hippocampus.Microglia are involved in the progression of aging and AD can be divided into 10 functional types.The strength of the interaction among microglial subtypes weakened with aging,and the CCL and CSF signaling pathways were the fundamental bridge of communication among microglial subtypes.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To investigate the regulatory effects of icariin(ICA)on cardiac micro⁃vascular endothelial cells(CMEC)after oxygenglucose deprivation reperfusion(OGD/R)injury.METHODS CMEC were subjected to OGD/R treatment t...OBJECTIVE To investigate the regulatory effects of icariin(ICA)on cardiac micro⁃vascular endothelial cells(CMEC)after oxygenglucose deprivation reperfusion(OGD/R)injury.METHODS CMEC were subjected to OGD/R treatment to construct a myocardial ischemiareperfusion model,and were divided into normal,model,low(10μmol·L^(-1)),medium(20μmol·L^(-1))and high(40μmol·L^(-1))ICA group,and high ICA+inhibitor group(40μmol·L^(-1)+20 nmol·L^(-1)).CCK-8 assay was used to assess the protective ability of ICA against CMEC,and cell migration assay and tube-formation assay were used to detect the migration and generation ability of CMEC.The TCMSP database,Swiss-Target database and literature mining methods were used to col⁃lect ICA-related targets,the GeneCards data⁃base was used to collect target genes related to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion,and Cytoscape 3.8.0 software was used to construct a"drug-tar⁃get-disease"network.The potential targets were imported into STRING 11.5 database to obtain the PPI network.GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed on the potential targets using the DAVID database.Molecular docking was performed using AutoDock-vina 1.1.2 soft⁃ware.Western blot detected the expression of related proteins.RESULTS After CMEC was subjected to OGD/R treatment,ICA had a protec⁃tive effect at 10^(-1)60μmol·L^(-1);the results of the cell migration assay showed that each group of ICA could promote the migratory effect of CMEC(P<0.01,P<0.01);and the results of tube-for⁃mation assay showed that each group of ICA could significantly promote the generation of branches(P<0.01)and the capillary length exten⁃sion(P<0.05).Network pharmacology collected a total of 23 ICA action targets,1500 disease tar⁃gets and 12 key targets.GO function enrichment analysis found 85 results.KEGG pathway enrich⁃ment analysis found 53 results,involving AGERAGE signaling pathway,sphingolipid signaling pathway and VEGF signaling pathway.Molecu⁃lar docking results showed that ICA had better binding with core targets PRKCB,PRKCA and PTGS2.Western blot results showed that ICA could regulate the expression of PRKCB,PRKCA and PTGS2 proteins.The results of cell migra⁃tion assay,tube-formation assay and protein expression were reversed after addition of PKC inhibitor.CONCLUSION The potential mecha⁃nism of action of ICA against myocardial isch⁃emia-reperfusion injury may be related to the reg⁃ulation of processes such as CMEC migration and angiogenesis,and it functions through the key target gene PKC.展开更多
Objective:To characterize the effects of Qingwei San(QWS)on diabetic oral ulcer(OU)mice with stomach heat pattern through metabolomic analysis.Methods:A stomach heat pattern mouse model was established by treating C57...Objective:To characterize the effects of Qingwei San(QWS)on diabetic oral ulcer(OU)mice with stomach heat pattern through metabolomic analysis.Methods:A stomach heat pattern mouse model was established by treating C57BLKS/J Leprdb/db(db/db)mice with dried Zingiber officinale Rosc.rhizome(Z.officinale,Gan Jiang)decoction by gavage.All model mice had blood glucose levels of≥11.1 m M.Subsequently,OU was induced by Na OH cauterization.After 1 week of administration of QWS,non-targeted metabolomic analysis of serum was conducted using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry(UHPLC-MS/MS).Results:The non-targeted metabolomics results indicated that tryptophan metabolism,2-oxocarboxylic acid metabolism,serotonergic synapses,amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism,and amino acid biosynthesis were involved in the therapeutic effects of QWS,with tryptophan metabolism playing a predominant role.Conclusion:QWS treatment can significantly improve the pathological status of diabetic OU mice with stomach heat pattern.QWS may regulate the release of inflammatory factors through the tryptophan metabolism pathway.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the fifth most common type of cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world.HCC has a reported recurrence rate of 70%-80%after 5 years of follow-up.Controlli...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the fifth most common type of cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world.HCC has a reported recurrence rate of 70%-80%after 5 years of follow-up.Controlling tumor recurrence is the most critical factor associated with HCC mortality.Conventional salvage therapies for recurrent HCC include re-hepatectomy or liver transplantation,transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,Y-90,target therapy,and immunotherapy;however,these conventional treatment modalities have yet to achieve consistently favorable outcomes.Meanwhile,previous studies have demonstrated that conventional therapies in combination with traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),acupuncture,moxibustion or dietary supplements could notably benefit patients with HCC recurrence by strengthening and augmenting the overall management strategy.However,systemic reviews related to the interactions between complementary therapies and conventional therapy in recurrent HCC are limited.In this review,we discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying the functions of complementary therapies for recurrent HCC,which include augmenting the local control to improve the congestion status of primary tumors and reducing multicentric tumor occurrence via inducing autophagy,apoptosis or cell cycle arrest.TCM and its derivatives may play important roles in helping to control HCC recurrence by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition,migration,invasion,and metastasis,inhibiting cancer stem cells,and ameliorating drug resistance.展开更多
BACKGROUND Liver cancer is among the top five most common cancers globally. Lipid-lowering drugs such as statins can lower the risk of liver cancer, but may also cause liver damage. LipoCol Forte capsules(LFC), a red ...BACKGROUND Liver cancer is among the top five most common cancers globally. Lipid-lowering drugs such as statins can lower the risk of liver cancer, but may also cause liver damage. LipoCol Forte capsules(LFC), a red yeast rice product, have demonstrated significant antihypercholesterolemic effects and a good safety profile in clinical studies.AIM To evaluate whether LFC lowers the risk of liver cancer in adults in this propensity score-matched, nationwide, population-based cohort study.METHODS We used data from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database, which includes electronic medical records for up to 99.99% of Taiwan’s population. LFC users and LFC non-users were matched 1:1 by propensity scores between January 2010 and December 2017. All had followup data for at least 1 year. Statistical analyses compared demographic distributions including sex, age, comorbidities, and prescribed medications. Cox regression analyses estimated adjusted hazard ratios(aHRs) after adjusting for potential confounders.RESULTS We enrolled 33231 LFC users and 33231 non-LFC users(controls). No significant differences between the study cohorts were identified regarding comorbidities and medications [standardized mean difference(SMD) < 0.05]. At follow-up, the overall incidence of liver cancer was significantly lower in the LFC cohort compared with controls [aHR 0.91;95% confidence interval(CI): 0.86-0.95;P < 0.001]. The risk of liver cancer was significantly reduced in both females(aHR 0.87;95%CI: 0.8-0.94;P < 0.001) and males(aHR 0.93;95%CI: 0.87-0.98;P < 0.01) in the LFC cohort compared with their counterparts in the non-LFC cohort. The antitumor protective effects applied to patients with comorbidities(including hypertension, ischemic stroke, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hepatitis B infection and hepatitis C infection). Those using LFC for more than 84 drug days had a 0.64-fold lower risk of liver cancer compared with controls(P < 0.001). Compared with controls, the risk of developing liver cancer in the LFC cohort progressively decreased over time;the lowest incidence of liver cancer occurred in LFC users followed-up for more than 6 years(27.44 vs 31.49 per 1,000 person-years;aHR 0.75;95%CI: 0.68-0.82;P < 0.001).CONCLUSION This retrospective cohort study indicates that LFC has a significantly protective effect on lowering the risk of liver cancer, in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner.展开更多
基金the National Science and Technology Council of Taiwan,China,No.NSC112-2320-B-039-045-China Medical University Hospital,No.DMR-111-013,No.DMR-111-195,No.DMR-112-004 and No.DMR-112-177Department of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy and Ministry of Health and Welfare,No.MOHW-112-CMC-03.
文摘BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM)is an independent risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),while insulin is a potent mitogen.Identifying a new therapeutic modality for preventing insulin users from developing HCC is a critical goal for researchers.AIM To investigate whether regular herbal medicine use can decrease HCC risk in DM patients with regular insulin control.METHODS We used data acquired from the Taiwan,Chinaese National Health Insurance research database between 2000 and 2017.We identified patients with DM who were prescribed insulin for>3 months.The herb user group was further defined as patients prescribed herbal medication for DM for>3 months per annum during RESULTS We initially enrolled 657144 DM patients with regular insulin use from 2000 to 2017.Among these,46849 patients had used a herbal treatment for DM,and 140547 patients were included as the matched control group.The baseline variables were similar between the herb users and nonusers.DM patients with regular herb use had a 12%decreased risk of HCC compared with the control group[adjusted hazard ratio(aHR)=0.88,95%CI=0.80–0.97].The cumulative incidence of HCC in the herb users was significantly lower than that of the nonusers.Patients with a herb use of>5 years cumulatively exhibited a protective effect against development of HCC(aHR=0.82,P<0.05).Of patients who developed HCC,herb users exhibited a longer survival time than nonusers(aHR=0.78,P=0.0001).Additionally,we report the top 10 herbs and formulas in prescriptions and summarize the potential pharmacological effects of the constituents.Our analysis indicated that Astragalus propinquus(Huang Qi)plus Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge(Dan Shen),and Astragalus propinquus(Huang Qi)plus Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim.(Tian Hua Fen)were the most frequent combination of single herbs.Meanwhile,Ji Sheng Shen Qi Wan plus Dan Shen was the most frequent combination of herbs and formulas.CONCLUSION This large-scale retrospective cohort study reveals that herbal medicine may decrease HCC risk by 12%in DM patients with regular insulin use.
文摘BACKGROUND Dementia is a prevalent condition in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients.While Chinese herbal medicine(CHM)is often employed as complementary therapy for glycemic control,its effect in controlling likelihood of dementia has not yet been fully elucidated.AIM To compare the risk of dementia between T2DM patients with and without CHM treatment.METHODS We undertook a nested case-control study and obtained data on patients 20-70 years of age who received medical care for T2DM between 2001 and 2010 from the National Health Insurance Research database in Taiwan.Cases,defined as those with dementia that occurred at least one year after the diagnosis of T2DM,were randomly matched to controls without dementia from the study cohort at a 1:1 ratio.We applied conditional logistic regression to explore the associations between CHM treatment and dementia.RESULTS A total of 11699 dementia cases were matched to 11699 non-dementia controls.We found that adding CHM to conventional care was related to a lower risk of dementia[adjusted odds ratio(OR)=0.51],and high-intensity CHM treatment was associated with an adjusted OR of 0.22.CONCLUSION This study shows that the cumulative CHM exposure was inversely associated with dementia risk in an exposureresponse manner,implying that CHM treatment may be embraced as a disease management approach for diabetic patients to prevent dementia.
文摘The California Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture Research Association,founded on March 25,1974,is the first Chinese medicine organization registered with the state government in California.It was established after more than a year of arduous preparation and had 15 founding members.Over time,it evolved into the biggest organization of Chinese medicine and acupuncture in California.And in 2015,it became the American Association of Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture with more than 500 members.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81373769)the Scientific Research and Postgraduate Training Co-construction Project of Beijing Municipal Education Commission(1000062520115)the Province Natural Science Foundation of Beijing(7172131)。
文摘Objective:To explore the structural and functional characteristics of microbiota in oropharynx of subhealthy children with gastrointestinal heat retention syndrome(GHRS)differentiated by traditional Chinese medicine,and screen the biometric operational taxonomic units(OTUs)to assist the clinical diagnosis.Methods:We recruited children according to the“GHRS diagnostic scale”,collected their oropharyngeal swabs,and sequenced the 16 SrDNA V4 region.We described the bacterial structure with alpha-indexes,beta-distances,and relative abundances;moreover,we screened the differential genera/OTUs with Wilcoxon rank-sum test,Metagenome Seq analysis,and linear discriminant analysis effect size(LEf Se)analysis,in which biometric OTUs were selected to construct the receiver operating characteristic curve to verify the diagnostic value.The bacterial function was predicted with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways according to 16S rDNA gene by using Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States.Results:The study population was composed of 10 children with GHRS and 10 healthy control children.GHRS children were more likely to overeat(gluttony,P=.033).Alpha-indexes,such as Sobs,abundancebased coverage estimator,Bootstrap,and Qstat,were significantly higher in the GHRS group,while betadistances did not exhibit any significant intergroup differences.There were 9 differently distributed nonpredominant genera between the groups in Wilcoxon rank-sum test,as well as 13 non-predominant genera in Metagenome Seq analysis and 3 non-predominant OTUs in LEfSe analysis.OTU44 and OTU196 were used to construct the receiver operating characteristic curve,and the area under curve was 0.92.Predicted functions showed that pathways related to oxidative phosphorylation and carbon metabolism were enriched in healthy control samples,while the pathway related to renin secretion was remarkably enriched in GHRS samples.Conclusion:Unique oropharyngeal microbial structure and function were identified in GHRS children.OTU44 and OTU196 were specific OTUs,which could be used as biomarkers of GHRS to assist clinical diagnosis.
文摘Objectives:Chinese medicine doctors have practiced in the United States since April of 1854,the world's first Chinese medicine doctor's memorial is Kam Wah Chung Museum in John Day,Oregon,U.S.,to commemorate Dr.Ing Hay(“Doc Hay”伍于念)and his business partner Lung On(梁光荣).There were few studies to explore Doc Hay's real practice and prescription,while most of papers focused on Doc Hay's legend life.This paper aims to analyze and interpret one of the intriguing herbal prescriptions that Doc Hay had hand-written.Materials and Methods:Dr.Arthur Yin Fan made an academic travel to Kam Wah Chung museum on August 5,2018 and examined the books and hand-written prescriptions of Doc Hay,which were not exhibited to the public at that time.This paper analyzes and interprets one of herbal prescriptions that Doc Hay had hand-written in 1907.Interpretation process included four steps:(1):Transform Doc Hay's hand-written prescription(with original herb names)to standard herb names in Chinese.(2):Induct and rearrange the herb name into groups based on herb property characteristics and then translate them into both PinYin names and English names.Analyzation of the prescription may include in what classic formula(s)routinely introduced in Chinese medicine textbooks.(3):Analyze the herbal action for each group and potential symptoms or conditions the patient may have had.An analysis of classic formula(s)used in the prescription may represent what clinical condition was being treated at that time.(4):Combine the analysis to give a comprehensive picture of the patient.Results:The prescription consists of 67 herbs,total 934.6 grams,and including Yin Qiao Powder(银翘散),Sang Ju Decoction(桑菊饮),Zhi Sou Powder(止嗽散),Qing Ying Decoction(清营汤),Xi Jiao Di Huang Decoction(犀角地黄汤),Long Dan Xie Gan Decoction(龙胆泻肝汤)and Chai Hu Shu Gan Powder(柴胡疏肝散).Speculation indicated that the prescription was for a patient who had obvious pulmonary infection accompanied by severe cough,and probably had prolonged pulmonary tuberculosis(TB)also with acute respiratory infection caused by other bacteria or viruses.Based on the analysis of composition of this prescription,it can be used for the treatment of epidemic diseases.Conclusion:The majority of herbs used in this prescription are commonly included in the herbal medicines in China used to effectively counter severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS),H1N1 and currently COVID-19,it might be Doc Hay's basic formula for patients with“Spanish Flu”during the 1918-1920 pandemic.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.62027812(to HS),81771470(to HS),and 82101608(to YL)Tianjin Postgraduate Research and Innovation Project,No.2020YJSS122(to XD)。
文摘Temporal lobe epilepsy is a multifactorial neurological dysfunction syndrome that is refractory,resistant to antiepileptic drugs,and has a high recurrence rate.The pathogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy is complex and is not fully understood.Intracellular calcium dynamics have been implicated in temporal lobe epilepsy.However,the effect of fluctuating calcium activity in CA1 pyramidal neurons on temporal lobe epilepsy is unknown,and no longitudinal studies have investigated calcium activity in pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 and primary motor cortex M1 of freely moving mice.In this study,we used a multichannel fiber photometry system to continuously record calcium signals in CA1 and M1 during the temporal lobe epilepsy process.We found that calcium signals varied according to the grade of temporal lobe epilepsy episodes.In particular,cortical spreading depression,which has recently been frequently used to represent the continuously and substantially increased calcium signals,was found to correspond to complex and severe behavioral characteristics of temporal lobe epilepsy ranging from gradeⅡto gradeⅤ.However,vigorous calcium oscillations and highly synchronized calcium signals in CA1 and M1 were strongly related to convulsive motor seizures.Chemogenetic inhibition of pyramidal neurons in CA1 significantly attenuated the amplitudes of the calcium signals corresponding to gradeⅠepisodes.In addition,the latency of cortical spreading depression was prolonged,and the above-mentioned abnormal calcium signals in CA1 and M1 were also significantly reduced.Intriguingly,it was possible to rescue the altered intracellular calcium dynamics.Via simultaneous analysis of calcium signals and epileptic behaviors,we found that the progression of temporal lobe epilepsy was alleviated when specific calcium signals were reduced,and that the end-point behaviors of temporal lobe epilepsy were improved.Our results indicate that the calcium dynamic between CA1 and M1 may reflect specific epileptic behaviors corresponding to different grades.Furthermore,the selective regulation of abnormal calcium signals in CA1 pyramidal neurons appears to effectively alleviate temporal lobe epilepsy,thereby providing a potential molecular mechanism for a new temporal lobe epilepsy diagnosis and treatment strategy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81874421)the Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(ZYYCXTD-C-202006).
文摘Objective:To uncover the underlying mechanisms of action of the Yinlai decoction on high-calorie dietinduced pneumonia through proteomics analysis.Methods:Based on the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database,lung tissue samples from normal and high-fat diet(HFD)fed mice in the GSE16377 dataset were selected as test cohorts to identify differentially expressed genes and conduct bioinformatics analyses.In the animal experiments,mice were randomly divided into the control(N),high-calorie diet pneumonia(M),and Yinlai decoction treatment(Y)groups.Mice in the M group received high-calorie feed and a 0.5 mg/mL lipopolysaccharide solution spray for 30 min for 3 d.The mice in the Y group were intragastrically administered 2 mL/10 g Yinlai decoction twice daily for 3 d.Pathological evaluation of the lung tissue was performed.Differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)in the lung tissue were identified using quantitative proteomics and bioinformatics analyses.The drug-target relationships between Yinlai decoction and core DEPs in the lung tissue were verified using AutoDock Vina and Molecular Graphics Laboratory(MGL)Tools.DEPs were verified by western blot.Results:GEO data mining showed that an HFD altered oxidative phosphorylation in mouse lung tissue.The Yinlai decoction alleviated pathological damage to lung tissue and pneumonia in mice that were fed a high-calorie diet.A total of 47 DEPs were identified between the Y and M groups.Enrichment analysis revealed their association with energy metabolism pathways such as the tricarboxylic acid cycle(TCA)and oxidative phosphorylation.The protein-protein interaction network revealed that Atp5a1,Pdha1,and Sdha were the target proteins mediating the therapeutic effects of Yinlai decoction.Molecular docking results suggested that the mechanism of the therapeutic effect of Yinlai decoction involves the binding of brassinolide,praeruptorin B,chrysoeriol,and other components in Yinlai decoction to Atp5a1.Conclusion:The Yinlai decoction alleviated lung tissue damage and pneumonia in mice that were fed a high-calorie diet by regulating the TCA and oxidative phosphorylation.Our study highlights the importance of a healthy diet for patients with pneumonia and provides a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of pneumonia through dietary adjustments.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Project(2018YFE0102300)Prof.Nicola Robinson(Visiting Professor of the Beijing University of Chinese Medicine)is funded by Overseas Expertise Project,Ministry of Education of China(MS200800090).
文摘Traditional Chinese medicine has widely been used internationally in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)since January 2020.There has been great interest in initiating clinical studies testing different Chinese medicine therapies for COVID-19,but the majority of registered studies have yet to move forward due to a lack of COVID-19 patients in China's Mainland.The aim of this article was to systematically review the current clinical research evidence on Chinese medicine for treating COVID-19 from international and domestic bibliographic databases to reflect on the advances in this field.
文摘Anxiety disorder is a common mental disorder. It is necessary to establish a rapid, stable and specific anxiety model to provide a theoretical basis for further research on the pathogenesis of anxiety and drug development. A single intraperitoneal injection of m-chlorophenylpipera-zine (mCPP) (1, 2, 4 mg/kg) was given to male ICR mice to establish an anxiety model, and the effects of mCPP on anxiety behavior, pain, athletic ability, passive avoidance response ability and depressive behavior of male ICR mice were evaluated. A single intraperitoneal injection of mCPP shortened the time in open arms and decreased the percentage of time in open arms of mice in the elevated plus-maze test. mCPP also shortened center zone distance and reduced the number of entries to the central zone in the open field test. Moreover, mCPP reduced head-dip counts and increased the head-dip latency of mice in the hole-board test. After being administrated with a single intraperitoneal injection of mCPP for 24h, the mice showed no significant difference in the entry into the light side and the percentage of time in the light side of the light-dark box test. A single intraperitoneal injection of mCPP had no effects on tail flick latency, rotating time, number of errors and the step-down latency, the immobility time of mice in the tail-flick test, rotarod test, step-down test and TST respectively. In conclusion, we established a rapid and stable anxiety mouse model by single intraperitoneal injection of mCPP.
基金Supported by The Fok Ying-Tong Education Foundation, China, No. 114036Leading Academic Discipline Project of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, No. J50307State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine
文摘AIM:To investigate the effects of the Chinese herbal decoction,Yi-Qi-Zeng-Min-Tang(YQZMT),on insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic rats.METHODS:Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two dietary regiments by feeding either normal pellet diet(NPD) or high fat diet(HFD).Four weeks later,the HFD-fed rats were injected intraperitoneally with lowdose streptozotocin(STZ).Rats with non-fasting blood glucose level ≥ 16.67 mmol/L were considered type 2 diabetic and further divided into five subgroups:the type 2 diabetes model group,low-dose,medium-doseand high-dose YQZMT groups,and rosiglitazone group.Age-matched NPD-fed rats served as controls.YQZMT or rosiglitazone were administered for 8 wk.Intraperitoneal glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed before and after the treatment to measure the glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity.Serum levels of biochemical parameters,adipocytokines,such as tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),as well as free fatty acids(FFAs),were also analyzed.RESULTS:There was significant elevation of insulin resistance and serum levels of fasting glucose(12.82 ± 1.08 mmol/L vs 3.60 ± 0.31 mmol/L,P < 0.01),insulin(7197.36 ± 253.89 pg/mL vs 4820.49 ± 326.89 pg/mL,P < 0.01),total cholesterol(TC)(8.40 ± 0.49 mmol/L vs 2.14 ± 0.06 mmol/L,P < 0.01),triglyceride(2.24 ± 0.12 mmol/L vs 0.78 ± 0.05 mmol/L,P < 0.01),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-c)(7.84 ± 0.51 mmol/L vs 0.72 ± 0.04 mmol/L,P < 0.01) and decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-c)(0.57 ± 0.03 mmol/L vs 1.27 ± 0.03 mmol/L,P < 0.01) in the low-dose STZ and high-fat diet induced type 2 diabetic group when compared with the control group.Administration of YQZMT induced dose-and timedependent changes in insulin resistance,glucose and lipid profile,and reduced levels of FFA,TNF-α and IL-6 in the type 2 diabetic rats.After the treatment,compared with the diabetic group,the insulin resistance was ameliorated in the high-dose YQZMT(2.82 g/100 g per day) group,with a significant reduction in serum glucose(12.16 ± 1.00 mmol/L vs 17.65 ± 2.22 mmol/L,P < 0.01),homeostasis model assessment of basal insulin resistance(22.68 ± 2.37 vs 38.79 ± 9.02,P < 0.05),triglyceride(0.87 ± 0.15 mmol/L vs 1.99 ± 0.26 mmol/L,P < 0.01),TC(3.31 ± 0.52 mmol/L vs 6.50 ± 1.04 mmol/L,P < 0.01) and LDL-c(2.47 ± 0.50 mmol/L vs 6.00 ± 1.07 mmol/L,P < 0.01),and a signif icant increase in HDL-c(0.84 ± 0.08 mmol/L vs 0.50 ± 0.03 mmol/L,P < 0.01).But the body weight was not changed signif icantly.CONCLUSION:YQZMT,which ameliorates insulin resistance and does not cause increase in body weight,may be a suitable therapeutic adjunct for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
基金Supported by the Project of Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(2017-GXNSFBA198239)Guangxi Major Special Project(Gui Ke Zhong 1598005-10)
文摘In this paper,the scientific research status of Zexie(Rhizoma Alismatis)was comprehensively expounded from the aspects of plant characteristics,source,chemical composition,pharmacological research and quality control methods,etc.The market situation of Rhizoma Alismatis was systematically analyzed from historical and current perspectives;aiming at the problems of poor quality and irregular processing of Chinese medicinal herbs Rhizoma Alismatis,some ideas were put forward to improve the quality and market value of medicinal materials of Rhizoma Alismatis,so as to make the Chinese herbal medicine industry develop towards a healthy and efficient direction.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82104534)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFC1703900)+2 种基金the Social Science Popularization and Application Project of Shandong Province(No.2020-SKZZ-43)the Regional Innovation and Cooperation Project of the Science&Technology Department of Sichuan Province(No.2020YFQ0032)the Key R&D and Transformation Program of the Science&Technology Department of Qinghai Province(No.2020-SF-C33).
文摘Background:Chinese minority traditional medicine(CMTM)is an important component of Chinese traditional culture and medicine that has contributed to the health and prosperity of Chinese people of all ethnic groups.Although this type of medicine has attracted interest,its developmental trends and research status remain unclear.Therefore,we used literature metrology to evaluate the publications on CMTM during 2021 and explore hotspots and frontier areas.Methods:Reports associated with CMTM published between January 1,2021,and December 31,2021,were downloaded from the Web of Science database.The authors,institutions,countries,journals,keywords,and other standard bibliometric indicators were analyzed and visualized using CiteSpace,and research hotspots and trends were identified.Results:We retrieved 152 CMTM-related publications,among which Tibetan medicine attracted the most interest.Journals covering alternative and complementary medicine topics were the most prevalent sources of reports about CMTM,particularly the Journal of Ethnopharmacology.Most research in this field was conducted in China and frequently published by traditional Chinese medicine colleges and universities.One author,Yi Zhang,has extensively investigated Tibetan and Korean medicine.The keyword co-occurrence network revealed that investigations into ethnic groups mainly focused on the pharmacological activities and phytochemical components of ethnic medicines.The keywords of gut microbiota and autophagy in some publications reflect the direction of future CMTM investigations.Conclusion:Our findings showed the current status and trends in CMTM investigations.This information will help identify new research directions and hotspots in this field.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.81030063 and no.81202837)。
文摘Objective:The purpose of this review was to evaluate the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine for activating blood circulation and detoxifying(ABCD)in patients with unstable angina pectoris.Methods:We performed an electronic literature search of six medical databases for relevant articles published up to December 2014.Randomized controlled trials that compared ABCD Chinese medicine(alone or alongside conventional drugs)with conventional drugs or other Chinese medicines alone were included.A meta-analysis was performed for the following outcome measures:reduction of angina symptoms,electrocardiogram improvement,blood lipid levels,inflammatory factor levels,and plasma fibrinogen levels.Results:In total,11 moderate-to low-quality studies involving 686 patients were included.The evidence indicated that ABCD Chinese medicine exhibited superior effectiveness in relieving angina symptoms compared with conventional drugs[relative risk,1.23;95%confidence interval,1.05e1.44];however,electrocardiogram improvement was not very significant(relative risk,1.21;95%confidence interval,0.91e1.62).Moreover,ABCD Chinese medicine exhibited superior anti-inflammatory,anticoagulant,and lipid-lowering effects compared with other medicines.Conclusions:Within the methodological limitations of the included studies,our results suggest that ABCD Chinese medicine is beneficial for the treatment of unstable angina pectoris.
文摘Background: In spite of the advances in Cancer treatment, limitations exist. Refractory cases and late presentations are particularly worrying. The uncertainty of cure and the high costs have led to the popularly of complementary and alternative medicine in cancer treatment. Herbal medicine has particular attraction because it has been shown to be working on a multi-targets direction: promoting apoptosis of cancer cells, anti-angiogenesis and immunomodulating. Research on creating a simple herbal formula with multiple effects of cancer control has started and showed in laboratory platforms promising results. Metronomic Chemotherapy: Attention on the use of old oral cytotoxic drugs in small doses for refractory and late cancer cases has started more than a decade. Satisfactory and good results have been found to be related to anti-angiogenesis, immunomodulations and cancer cell apoptosis. These findings are comparable to the use of multiple targets herbal medicine. Conclusion: Assumption is made that metronomic chemotherapy, combined with herbal medicine could be achieving synergistic effects and would be affordable to all patients.
基金This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:81891012 and U19A2010)the National Interdisciplinary Innovation TeamProgram of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Grant No.:ZYYCXTD-D-202209)+1 种基金Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Industry Innovation Team Program of Sichuan Province(Grant No.:2022C001)Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine“Xinglin Scholars”Discipline Talent Research Promotion Program(Grant No.:XCZX2022010).
文摘Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease(ASCVD)frequently results in sudden death and poses a serious threat to public health worldwide.The drugs approved for the prevention and treatment of ASCVD are usually used in combination but are inefficient owing to their side effects and single therapeutic targets.Therefore,the use of natural products in developing drugs for the prevention and treatment of ASCVD has received great scholarly attention.Andrographolide(AG)is a diterpenoid lactone compound extracted from Andrographis paniculata.In addition to its use in conditions such as sore throat,AG can be used to prevent and treat ASCVD.It is different from drugs that are commonly used in the prevention and treatment of ASCVD and can not only treat obesity,diabetes,hyperlipidaemia and ASCVD but also inhibit the pathological process of atherosclerosis(AS)including lipid accumulation,inflammation,oxidative stress and cellular abnormalities by regulating various targets and pathways.However,the pharmacological mechanisms of AG underlying the prevention and treatment of ASCVD have not been corroborated,which may hinder its clinical development and application.Therefore,this review summarizes the physiological and pathological mechanisms underlying the development of ASCVD and the in vivo and in vitro pharmacological effects of AG on the relative risk factors of AS and ASCVD.The findings support the use of the old pharmacological compound(‘old bottle’)as a novel drug(‘novel wine’)for the prevention and treatment of ASCVD.Additionally,this review summarizes studies on the availability as well as pharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic properties of AG,aiming to provide more information regarding the clinical application and further research and development of AG.
基金supported by grants from the Key R&D Plan of the Science and Technology Plan of Tibet Autonomous Region,China(Grant No.:XZ202201ZY0026G)the Science and Technology Cooperation Project of Shandong Provincial Department of Science and Technology for Counterpart Assistance to Tibet,China(Grant No.:YDZX2021083)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:82205078)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(Grant No.:ZR2021QH157).
文摘Based on single-cell sequencing of the hippocampi of 5×familiar Alzheimer's disease(5×FAD)and wild type mice at 2-,12-,and 24-month of age,we found an increased percentage of microglia in aging and Alzheimer's disease(AD)mice.Blood brain barrier injury may also have contributed to this increase.Immune regulation by microglia plays a major role in the progression of aging and AD,according to the functions of 41 intersecting differentially expressed genes in microglia.Signaling crosstalk between C−C motif chemokine ligand(CCL)and major histocompatibility complex-1 bridges intercellular communication in the hippocampus during aging and AD.The amyloid precursor protein(APP)and colony stimulating factor(CSF)signals drive 5×FAD to deviate from aging track to AD occurrence among intercellular communication in hippocampus.Microglia are involved in the progression of aging and AD can be divided into 10 functional types.The strength of the interaction among microglial subtypes weakened with aging,and the CCL and CSF signaling pathways were the fundamental bridge of communication among microglial subtypes.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(82030124)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82174015)Science and Technology Innovation Project of China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine(CI2021A04609)。
文摘OBJECTIVE To investigate the regulatory effects of icariin(ICA)on cardiac micro⁃vascular endothelial cells(CMEC)after oxygenglucose deprivation reperfusion(OGD/R)injury.METHODS CMEC were subjected to OGD/R treatment to construct a myocardial ischemiareperfusion model,and were divided into normal,model,low(10μmol·L^(-1)),medium(20μmol·L^(-1))and high(40μmol·L^(-1))ICA group,and high ICA+inhibitor group(40μmol·L^(-1)+20 nmol·L^(-1)).CCK-8 assay was used to assess the protective ability of ICA against CMEC,and cell migration assay and tube-formation assay were used to detect the migration and generation ability of CMEC.The TCMSP database,Swiss-Target database and literature mining methods were used to col⁃lect ICA-related targets,the GeneCards data⁃base was used to collect target genes related to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion,and Cytoscape 3.8.0 software was used to construct a"drug-tar⁃get-disease"network.The potential targets were imported into STRING 11.5 database to obtain the PPI network.GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed on the potential targets using the DAVID database.Molecular docking was performed using AutoDock-vina 1.1.2 soft⁃ware.Western blot detected the expression of related proteins.RESULTS After CMEC was subjected to OGD/R treatment,ICA had a protec⁃tive effect at 10^(-1)60μmol·L^(-1);the results of the cell migration assay showed that each group of ICA could promote the migratory effect of CMEC(P<0.01,P<0.01);and the results of tube-for⁃mation assay showed that each group of ICA could significantly promote the generation of branches(P<0.01)and the capillary length exten⁃sion(P<0.05).Network pharmacology collected a total of 23 ICA action targets,1500 disease tar⁃gets and 12 key targets.GO function enrichment analysis found 85 results.KEGG pathway enrich⁃ment analysis found 53 results,involving AGERAGE signaling pathway,sphingolipid signaling pathway and VEGF signaling pathway.Molecu⁃lar docking results showed that ICA had better binding with core targets PRKCB,PRKCA and PTGS2.Western blot results showed that ICA could regulate the expression of PRKCB,PRKCA and PTGS2 proteins.The results of cell migra⁃tion assay,tube-formation assay and protein expression were reversed after addition of PKC inhibitor.CONCLUSION The potential mecha⁃nism of action of ICA against myocardial isch⁃emia-reperfusion injury may be related to the reg⁃ulation of processes such as CMEC migration and angiogenesis,and it functions through the key target gene PKC.
基金funded by the Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao,China(007/2020/ALC)Major Basic and Applied Basic Research Projects of Guangdong Province of China(2019B030302005)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81973535 and 81773960)。
文摘Objective:To characterize the effects of Qingwei San(QWS)on diabetic oral ulcer(OU)mice with stomach heat pattern through metabolomic analysis.Methods:A stomach heat pattern mouse model was established by treating C57BLKS/J Leprdb/db(db/db)mice with dried Zingiber officinale Rosc.rhizome(Z.officinale,Gan Jiang)decoction by gavage.All model mice had blood glucose levels of≥11.1 m M.Subsequently,OU was induced by Na OH cauterization.After 1 week of administration of QWS,non-targeted metabolomic analysis of serum was conducted using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry(UHPLC-MS/MS).Results:The non-targeted metabolomics results indicated that tryptophan metabolism,2-oxocarboxylic acid metabolism,serotonergic synapses,amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism,and amino acid biosynthesis were involved in the therapeutic effects of QWS,with tryptophan metabolism playing a predominant role.Conclusion:QWS treatment can significantly improve the pathological status of diabetic OU mice with stomach heat pattern.QWS may regulate the release of inflammatory factors through the tryptophan metabolism pathway.
基金Supported by Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan,No.NSTC111-2320-B-039-025China Medical University Hospital,No.DMR-111-005,No.DMR-111-013,No.DMR-111-016,and No.DMR-111-195An-Nan Hospital,China Medical University,No.ANHRF-110-25.
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the fifth most common type of cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world.HCC has a reported recurrence rate of 70%-80%after 5 years of follow-up.Controlling tumor recurrence is the most critical factor associated with HCC mortality.Conventional salvage therapies for recurrent HCC include re-hepatectomy or liver transplantation,transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,Y-90,target therapy,and immunotherapy;however,these conventional treatment modalities have yet to achieve consistently favorable outcomes.Meanwhile,previous studies have demonstrated that conventional therapies in combination with traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),acupuncture,moxibustion or dietary supplements could notably benefit patients with HCC recurrence by strengthening and augmenting the overall management strategy.However,systemic reviews related to the interactions between complementary therapies and conventional therapy in recurrent HCC are limited.In this review,we discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying the functions of complementary therapies for recurrent HCC,which include augmenting the local control to improve the congestion status of primary tumors and reducing multicentric tumor occurrence via inducing autophagy,apoptosis or cell cycle arrest.TCM and its derivatives may play important roles in helping to control HCC recurrence by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition,migration,invasion,and metastasis,inhibiting cancer stem cells,and ameliorating drug resistance.
基金Supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan,No. NSTC111-2320-B-039-025China Medical University Hospital,No. DMR-111-013 and No. DMR-111-195
文摘BACKGROUND Liver cancer is among the top five most common cancers globally. Lipid-lowering drugs such as statins can lower the risk of liver cancer, but may also cause liver damage. LipoCol Forte capsules(LFC), a red yeast rice product, have demonstrated significant antihypercholesterolemic effects and a good safety profile in clinical studies.AIM To evaluate whether LFC lowers the risk of liver cancer in adults in this propensity score-matched, nationwide, population-based cohort study.METHODS We used data from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database, which includes electronic medical records for up to 99.99% of Taiwan’s population. LFC users and LFC non-users were matched 1:1 by propensity scores between January 2010 and December 2017. All had followup data for at least 1 year. Statistical analyses compared demographic distributions including sex, age, comorbidities, and prescribed medications. Cox regression analyses estimated adjusted hazard ratios(aHRs) after adjusting for potential confounders.RESULTS We enrolled 33231 LFC users and 33231 non-LFC users(controls). No significant differences between the study cohorts were identified regarding comorbidities and medications [standardized mean difference(SMD) < 0.05]. At follow-up, the overall incidence of liver cancer was significantly lower in the LFC cohort compared with controls [aHR 0.91;95% confidence interval(CI): 0.86-0.95;P < 0.001]. The risk of liver cancer was significantly reduced in both females(aHR 0.87;95%CI: 0.8-0.94;P < 0.001) and males(aHR 0.93;95%CI: 0.87-0.98;P < 0.01) in the LFC cohort compared with their counterparts in the non-LFC cohort. The antitumor protective effects applied to patients with comorbidities(including hypertension, ischemic stroke, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hepatitis B infection and hepatitis C infection). Those using LFC for more than 84 drug days had a 0.64-fold lower risk of liver cancer compared with controls(P < 0.001). Compared with controls, the risk of developing liver cancer in the LFC cohort progressively decreased over time;the lowest incidence of liver cancer occurred in LFC users followed-up for more than 6 years(27.44 vs 31.49 per 1,000 person-years;aHR 0.75;95%CI: 0.68-0.82;P < 0.001).CONCLUSION This retrospective cohort study indicates that LFC has a significantly protective effect on lowering the risk of liver cancer, in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner.
