Jasmine [Jasminum sambac(L.) Ait.], a tropical and subtropical plant emits a sweet, heady fragrance during flower opening. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain largely unknown. In the pr...Jasmine [Jasminum sambac(L.) Ait.], a tropical and subtropical plant emits a sweet, heady fragrance during flower opening. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain largely unknown. In the present study, integrated Illumina sequencing, Pacbio sequencing, and high-throughput chromatin conformation capture(Hi-C) scaffolding was used to generate a 495.60 Mb genome assembly of J.sambac var. unifoliatum cultivar ‘Fuzhou Single-petal’(JSU-FSP), with contig N50 of 16.88 Mb;96.23% of the assembly was assigned to 13 pseudochromosomes. The genome harbors 30 989 protein-coding genes, and 49.47% of the assembled sequences are repetitive sequences. The analysis of duplication modes showed that 51% of genes were duplicated through dispersed duplication, and expanded gene families are mainly involved in photosynthesis, which may be responsible for the light-loving characteristic specific to jasmine. Transcriptome analysis revealed that at least 35 structural genes involved in the biosynthesis of volatile terpenes(VTs), volatile phenylpropanoid/benzenoids(VPBs),fatty acid-derived volatiles(FADVs), and indole were highly expressed in the flower-opening stage, both preharvest and postharvest, and are proposed to be important in endowing flower aroma. Additionally, at least 28 heat shock protein(HSP) and 11 β-glucosidase(BGLU) genes may be involved in the formation of floral fragrance. These findings provide insights into the formation of the floral fragrance of jasmine and will promote germplasm utilization for breeding improved jasmine varieties.展开更多
In the postharvest processing of tea leaves,withering is the first indispensable manufacturing process which produces the mellow,umami and sweet taste of white tea.In this study,we aimed to determine the dynamic chang...In the postharvest processing of tea leaves,withering is the first indispensable manufacturing process which produces the mellow,umami and sweet taste of white tea.In this study,we aimed to determine the dynamic changes of the main metabolites and clarify the key differentially expressed genes(DEGs) involved in forming the characteristic taste of white tea during withering.Phytochemical analyses revealed that the contents of total catechins and starch decreased continuously,whereas the contents of theaflavin,γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA),maltose,and soluble sugars increased significantly during withering(from 0–48 h).Meanwhile,the elevation of α-amylase(AMY),β-amylase(BAM),total amylase,and glutamate decarboxylase(GAD) activities may be correlated with the accumulation of GABA and maltose.By transcriptome sequencing,we detected 9 707,15 921,17 353,and 17 538 DEGs at 12,24,36,and 48 h of the withering process,respectively,compared with 0 h sample(fresh leaves).The transcript levels of most of the DEGs involved in catechin biosynthesis were significantly inhibited,whereas those involved in catechin oxidation were significantly up-regulated,which could be correlated to a decrease in catechin content and an increase in theaflavin content.The DEGs involved in GABA biosynthesis were considerably up-regulated,and the down-regulation of SPMS could reduce the competition for converting spermidine to GABA.The up-regulation of the AMY and BAM genes could trigger starch degradation,resulting in the increase of soluble sugar content.These results provide new insights into the importance of the withering process to the characteristic taste of white tea.展开更多
[Objective] The objective of this study was to understand the codon usage bias pattern of banana pathogenesis-related 17 gene, Basic Secretory Protease gene(MaBSP). [Method] Relative codon usage patterns of MaBSP were...[Objective] The objective of this study was to understand the codon usage bias pattern of banana pathogenesis-related 17 gene, Basic Secretory Protease gene(MaBSP). [Method] Relative codon usage patterns of MaBSP were calculated using the software CodonW version 1.4.2. and the web-based tool(http://kazusa.or.jp/codon/).[Result] Our findings showed that C-ended and G-ended codons were the most preferential except the TER codon UGA which was coded for by just one codon. The ENc value, relationship between AT bias and GC bias, Random synonymous codon usage(RSCU) and CAI all showed that codon bias usage existed in MaBSP gene.[Conclusion] The codon usage patterns of MaBSP gene is principally influenced by natural selection in the third position. However, other multiple factors also influence this pattern.展开更多
Modern horticultural crop production systems target the exploitation of sustainable techniques for crop improvement while maintaining balance with the environment. Several beneficial microbes have been investigated an...Modern horticultural crop production systems target the exploitation of sustainable techniques for crop improvement while maintaining balance with the environment. Several beneficial microbes have been investigated and have yielded remarkable results. The endophytic fungus, Piriformospora indica, is one microbe group with the potential to offer numerous benefits and opportunities in modern horticultural crop production. This plant growth-promoting mycorrhizal fungus is of particular interest due to its beneficial implications in plant growth and development. The fungus has been experimentally proven to significantly improve water and nutrient/mineral absorption, early flowering, seed production/germination and plant photosynthetic capability, growth rates;especially in nutrient-deprived soils, alter the production of secondary metabolites, and promote adaptation, tolerance and/or resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors. Its unique capability to be axenically cultured makes it feasible for research and application. These attributes in combinations with its broad host range, offer immense potential for this fungus for research in horticultural plant improvement. Thus, this review highlights the potential applications of P. indica in horticultural crops research and production.展开更多
Argonaute(AGO)proteins are the core of the RNA-induced gene silencing complex which regulate a wide variety of processes in plants,from organ development to abiotic stress responses.They have been identified in many p...Argonaute(AGO)proteins are the core of the RNA-induced gene silencing complex which regulate a wide variety of processes in plants,from organ development to abiotic stress responses.They have been identified in many plants,but little is known in longan(Dimocarpus longan Lour.),and how AGO functions in the signaling pathways in plant embryos in response to changing environmental stimuli remains unclear.In the present research,a genome-wide analysis of the AGO gene family members and their roles in somatic embryogenesis(SE),zygotic embryogenesis(ZE),tissue developmental processes,and responses to hormones,light and abiotic stress in longan were conducted.Ten longan AGO genes were identified genome-wide and divided into four clades.They were distributed on chromosomes 1,4,8,10,12,13,14,and 15,and had 2–23 introns.The expression profiling implied that DlAGOs regulated early and middle embryogenesis,as well as developmental processes of seed,flower,and stem in longan.In addition,the transcript levels of DlAGOs in response to exogenous hormones,light and abiotic stress showed differences in expression patterns.These results provide the useful information for further elucidation of RNAi-mediated gene silencing in longan embryogenic callus(EC).展开更多
This study was conducted to determine effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid(2,4-D) and light on growth of gerbera(Gerbera jamesonii cv. Daxueju) callus. Callus was induced from both petiole and leaf explants of g...This study was conducted to determine effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid(2,4-D) and light on growth of gerbera(Gerbera jamesonii cv. Daxueju) callus. Callus was induced from both petiole and leaf explants of gerbera on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 3% sucrose and various concentrations of 2,4-D and placed under light and dark. Callus induction percentage, callus size and callus fresh and dry weights were efficiently higher when using petiole as explant. MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/L 2,4-D showed the highest callus induction percentage of 96.70%. Callus induced under light had larger weight mass. It was indicated that 1.5 mg/L 2,4-D and light could promote growth of gerbera callus from petiole explant.展开更多
[Objective]The paper was to study the physiological mechanism of Oncidium hybridum‘Gower Ramsey’infected by Erwinia carotovora pv.carotovora.[Method]O.hybridum‘Gower Ramsey’was inoculated with E.carotovora by need...[Objective]The paper was to study the physiological mechanism of Oncidium hybridum‘Gower Ramsey’infected by Erwinia carotovora pv.carotovora.[Method]O.hybridum‘Gower Ramsey’was inoculated with E.carotovora by needle-punching method.The leaves inoculated with sterile water were used as control,and samples were collected at 12,24,36 and 48 h post inoculations to determine the physiological indexes,respectively.[Result]The contents of MDA,flavonoid,lignin,soluble protein and the activities of POD,SOD,CAT,PPO and PAL in O.hybridum leaves first increased then decreased.At 12 h post inoculation,the activities of SOD and CAT increased significantly by 40.49%and 37.77%(P<0.01,the same below),respectively;the contents of flavonoid increased significantly by 21.56%(P<0.05,the same below);and the activities of PAL,POD and PPO increased significantly by 42.29%,81.8%and 37.98%,respectively.The contents of MDA and lignin increased significantly by 57.98%and 58.72%at 24 h,respectively;the content of soluble protein increased by 87.71%at 24 h,and 61.28%at 36 h,while the content of Pro increased at 24 h(P>0.05,the same below),and increased significantly by 23.66%at 36 h;the content of soluble sugar content had no significant difference compared with the control.Additionally,the chlorophyll a and carotenoid contents tended to decrease dramatically,while chlorophyll b increased significantly by 95.33%at 24 h,then decreased.The initial fluorescence parameter of Fm/Fv and Y(II)decreased significantly by 47.14%and 54.61%,respectively,while the Y(NO)increased significantly by 33.61%,compared with the control.[Conclusion]The contents of Pro,MDA,lignin,soluble protein and the activities of POD,SOD,CAT,PPO and PAL in O.hybridum leaves are closely related to the infection of E.carotovora,which provide new clues for revealing the infection mechanism of E.carotovora in O.hybridum.展开更多
[Objectives]The paper was to analyze the differences of genes and genome methylation between‘lane late’navel orange and it’s bud sport pumpkin-like navel orange,and to reveal the causes of bud sport.[Methods]Amplif...[Objectives]The paper was to analyze the differences of genes and genome methylation between‘lane late’navel orange and it’s bud sport pumpkin-like navel orange,and to reveal the causes of bud sport.[Methods]Amplification fragment length polymorphism(AFLP)and methylation sensitive amplification polymorphism(MSAP)were used to analyze the differences in genes and genome methylation of‘lane late’navel orange and its bud sport pumpkin-like navel orange.[Results]Gene mutation occurred between the‘lane late’navel orange and its bud sport pumpkin-like navel orange.A total of 15 differential bands were obtained by AFLP markers,and the percentage of polymorphic bands was 6.0000%.Meantime,10 differential bands were obtained by MSAP markers,and the percentage of polymorphic bands was 5.4645%.The semimethylation rate and permethylation rate of‘lane late’navel orange were higher than that of pumpkin-like navel orange,that is,pumpkin-like navel orange had demethylation(demethylation ratio was 1.6393%).[Conclusions]It is proved at the DNA level that the emergence of bud sport pumpkin-like navel orange is due to gene mutation,and the DNA methylation level of the bud sport material has also changed.This study lays a foundation for further exploring the mechanism of bud sport.展开更多
In our previous study,a gene predicted to encode a Tyrosine aminotransferase( TAT) was found to be significantly up-regulated in root rot diseased Gerbera by transcriptome sequencing. To confirm the genes and investig...In our previous study,a gene predicted to encode a Tyrosine aminotransferase( TAT) was found to be significantly up-regulated in root rot diseased Gerbera by transcriptome sequencing. To confirm the genes and investigate the function,we cloned the gene by RT-PCR and then conduct bioinformatic analyses. In this study,a 1 537 bp long c DNA sequence of this gene( named as Gh TAT) was firstly cloned,which contained a coding region of 1 233 bp,which was predicted to encode a protein of 410 amino acids. Bioinformatic analysis showed that the Gh TAT was a stable hydrophobic protein without signal peptide. Subcellular location prediction result indicated that this protein located in chloroplast,which is the biosynthesis position of tyrosine and the derived products of tyrosine biosynthesis pathway. Moreover,typical Tyrosine aminotransferase domain was found in this protein,indicating that it is a TAT. According to the TAT-based phylogenetic analysis and similarity analysis,the closest relationship and highest similarity was found between Gh TAT and Halianthus annuus TAT,which again verified the TAT property of Gh TAT. Tyrosine aminotransferase( TAT) is the first enzyme in tyrosine biosynthesis pathway,whose products include many antioxidant substances such as tocopherols and tocotrienols. The up-regulation of Gh TAT in root rot diseased gerbera suggests that it may play an important role in response to the root rot pathogen infection. In addition,60 phosphorylation sites( accounting for 14. 6%) were found in this protein,suggesting that the expression of this protein and its encoding gene were greatly influenced by the phosphorylation reactions.展开更多
CCCH(C3 H) Zinc finger(Znf) transcription factors(TFs), as a novel type of Znf gene, regulate the expression of genes by binding to their mRNAs and play important roles in plant growth and development and abiotic stre...CCCH(C3 H) Zinc finger(Znf) transcription factors(TFs), as a novel type of Znf gene, regulate the expression of genes by binding to their mRNAs and play important roles in plant growth and development and abiotic stress resistance.Longan(Dimocarpous longan) is a tropical/subtropical fruit tree of great economic importance in Southeast Asia.However, genomic information on C3 H and their functions in longan are still unknown. In this study, a comprehensive analysis of the longan C3 H(DlC3 H) gene family was carried out. A total of 49 DlC3 H genes in three clades were identified from the longan genome database. Characteristics of the genes were analyzed with respect to gene structure,motif composition, phylogenetic tree and potential functions. The analysis of alternative splicing(AS) events suggested that AS events in DlC3 H genes were related to the transformation from longan non-embryonic to embryonic cultures.Promoter analysis indicated that most of the DlC3 H genes included cis-acting elements associated with hormones and stresses responses. Quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR) analysis indicated that 26 of the 49 DlC3 Hs, which possess methyl jasmonate(MeJA) and abscisic acid(ABA) responsive cis-acting elements, showed differential expression patterns under treatment with ABA, MeJA and their endogenous inhibitors, suggesting that DlC3 Hs might be involved in the ABA and MeJA signaling pathways. The expression profiles of 17 of the 49 DlC3 Hs in non-embryonic callus and three tissues of embryonic cultures showed that only five of the 17 DlC3 Hs had the same expression trends as the FPKM trends in transcriptome data;the expression levels of DlC3 H07/14/16/36/49 in embryogenic callus and DlC3 H04/38 in globular embryos were high, suggesting that they have different functions in embryonic development. Further, we verified that DlC3 H01/03/05/11/19/39 were regulated by sRNAs by a modified 5’ RLM-RACE method. This study provides the first systematic analysis of C3 H genes in longan, and found that C3 H genes may be involved in hormone and stress responses, and somatic embryogenesis. Our preliminary investigation may provide clues to further studies on the characteristics and functions of this family in longan.展开更多
Cultivated strawberry(Fragaria×ananassa)originated from four diploid ancestors:F.vesca,F.viridis,F.iinumae and F.nipponica.Among them,F.vesca is the dominant subgenome for cultivated strawberry.It is not well und...Cultivated strawberry(Fragaria×ananassa)originated from four diploid ancestors:F.vesca,F.viridis,F.iinumae and F.nipponica.Among them,F.vesca is the dominant subgenome for cultivated strawberry.It is not well understood how differences in gene expression between diploid and octoploid strawberry contribute to differences during fruit development.In this study,we used comprehensive transcriptomic analyses of F.vesca and F.×ananassa to investigate gene expression at the different stages of fruit development.In total,we obtained 3508(turning stage)and 3958(red stage)differentially expressed genes with pairwise comparisons between diploid and octoploid.The genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis were almost upregulated in the turning stages of octoploid,and we also discovered a ripe fruit-specific module associated with several flavonoid biosynthetic genes,including FveMYB10,FveMYB9/11,and Fve RAP,using weighted gene coexpression network analysis(WGCNA).Furthermore,we identified the species-specific regulated networks in the octoploid and diploid fruit.Notably,we found that the WAK and F-box genes were enriched in the octoploid and diploid fruits,respectively.This study elucidates new findings on flavonoid biosynthesis and fruit size of strawberry with important implications for future molecular breeding in cultivated strawberry.展开更多
[Objective]The paper was to explore the effects of different vase solutions on fresh-keeping effects of fresh-cut rose,and to provide reference for fresh-keeping activities of fresh-cut rose.[Method]Acid oxidiation-po...[Objective]The paper was to explore the effects of different vase solutions on fresh-keeping effects of fresh-cut rose,and to provide reference for fresh-keeping activities of fresh-cut rose.[Method]Acid oxidiation-potential water(AOW,p H 2-3,redox potential ORP≥1100 mv effective chlorine concentration 50 mg/L),melatonin solution(MT,45 mg/L),sodium hypochlorite solution(NaClO,95 mg/L),acidic oxidiation-potential aqueous solution+melatonin solution(50 mg/L AOW+45 mg/L MT),acidic oxidiation-potential aqueous solution+sodium hypochlorite solution(50 mg/L AOW+95 mg/L NaClO)and melatonin solution+sodium hypochlorite solution(45 mg/L MT+95 mg/L NaClO)were used as vase solutions to explore their fresh-keeping effects on fresh-cut rose.[Result]Compared with the control group of distilled water,all the six kinds of vase solutions had fresh-keeping effects on fresh-cut rose.AOW showed obvious fresh-keeping effects on fresh-cut rose,and the vase life could be extended by 1-4 d.Melatonin,AOW+melatonin,melatonin+sodium hypochlorite had the second best preservation effects,which could prolong the vase life by 1-3 d.The fresh-keeping effects of sodium hypochlorite and AOW+sodium hypochlorite had no significant difference with that of the control group,and the vase life could be prolonged by 1-2 d.[Conclusion]The study provides a certain theoretical basis for the application of fresh-cut flower preservative on rose.展开更多
Non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)are functional transcripts with minimal or no protein-coding capacity that comprise a large portion of the plant transcriptome.Among them,the microRNAs(miRNAs),linear long ncRNAs(lncRNAs),and ci...Non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)are functional transcripts with minimal or no protein-coding capacity that comprise a large portion of the plant transcriptome.Among them,the microRNAs(miRNAs),linear long ncRNAs(lncRNAs),and circular long ncRNAs(circRNAs)have been widely proven to play essential regulatory roles in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites(SMs)by modulating the expression of key synthesisrelated genes in plants.Tea boasts numerous characteristic SMs,such as catechins,theanine,caffeine,volatile compounds,etc.,which have distinguished health properties and largely determine the pleasant flavor quality.Thus,understanding how the tea plant produces these specialized metabolites is of great research interest.With the innovation and progress of biotechnologies in recent years,significant progress has been made in research on the regulation mechanism of SMs in tea plants at the DNA,mRNA,protein and metabolite levels.The release of the genome sequences of tea plants paves a path for precisely exploring ncRNAs and their functions in tea,and their huge potential for the biosynthesis regulation of SMs has gradually received attention.We herein summarize recent progress on miRNAs,lncRNAs,and circRNAs in tea plants and discuss their regulatory roles in the accumulation of SMs to enlighten the development of novel agronomic tools to enhance the quality of tea.展开更多
The epitranscriptomic mark N6-methyladenosine(m^(6)A),which is the predominant internal modification in RNA,is important for plant responses to diverse stresses.Multiple environmental stresses caused by the tea-wither...The epitranscriptomic mark N6-methyladenosine(m^(6)A),which is the predominant internal modification in RNA,is important for plant responses to diverse stresses.Multiple environmental stresses caused by the tea-withering process can greatly influence the accumulation of specialized metabolites and the formation of tea flavor.However,the effects of the m^(6)A-mediated regulatory mechanism on flavor-related metabolic pathways in tea leaves remain relatively uncharacterized.We performed an integrated RNA methylome and transcriptome analysis to explore the m^(6)Amediated regulatory mechanism and its effects on flavonoid and terpenoid metabolism in tea(Camellia sinensis)leaves under solar-withering conditions.Dynamic changes in global m^(6)A level in tea leaves were mainly controlled by two m^(6)A erasers(CsALKBH4A and CsALKBH4B)during solar-withering treatments.Differentially methylated peak-associated genes following solarwithering treatments with different shading rates were assigned to terpenoid biosynthesis and spliceosome pathways.Further analyses indicated that CsALKBH4-driven RNA demethylation can directly affect the accumulation of volatile terpenoids by mediating the stability and abundance of terpenoid biosynthesis-related transcripts and also indirectly influence the flavonoid,catechin,and theaflavin contents by triggering alternative splicing-mediated regulation.Our findings revealed a novel layer of epitranscriptomic gene regulation in tea flavor-related metabolic pathways and established a link between the m^(6)A-mediated regulatory mechanism and the formation of tea flavor under solar-withering conditions.展开更多
Under the historical background of promoting agricultural and rural modernization in an all-round way,this paper deeply analyzes the practical significance of digital construction in rural China,and explores the probl...Under the historical background of promoting agricultural and rural modernization in an all-round way,this paper deeply analyzes the practical significance of digital construction in rural China,and explores the problems in the digitalization level of rural infrastructure,farmers digitalization awareness and accomplishment,and agricultural digital system.Countermeasures and suggestions are put forward from four aspects:digital village construction policy system,rural digital infrastructure construction,rural digital talent cultivation system,and agricultural digital system,and the rural digital construction of Huzhou City is taken as an example,in order to further realize the goal of empowering rural farmers with digital technology for common prosperity.展开更多
基金supported by the Construction of Plateau Discipline of Fujian Province (Grant No. 102/71201801101)the Construction Project for Technological Innovation and Service System of Tea Industry Chain of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (Grant No. K1520005A01)。
文摘Jasmine [Jasminum sambac(L.) Ait.], a tropical and subtropical plant emits a sweet, heady fragrance during flower opening. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain largely unknown. In the present study, integrated Illumina sequencing, Pacbio sequencing, and high-throughput chromatin conformation capture(Hi-C) scaffolding was used to generate a 495.60 Mb genome assembly of J.sambac var. unifoliatum cultivar ‘Fuzhou Single-petal’(JSU-FSP), with contig N50 of 16.88 Mb;96.23% of the assembly was assigned to 13 pseudochromosomes. The genome harbors 30 989 protein-coding genes, and 49.47% of the assembled sequences are repetitive sequences. The analysis of duplication modes showed that 51% of genes were duplicated through dispersed duplication, and expanded gene families are mainly involved in photosynthesis, which may be responsible for the light-loving characteristic specific to jasmine. Transcriptome analysis revealed that at least 35 structural genes involved in the biosynthesis of volatile terpenes(VTs), volatile phenylpropanoid/benzenoids(VPBs),fatty acid-derived volatiles(FADVs), and indole were highly expressed in the flower-opening stage, both preharvest and postharvest, and are proposed to be important in endowing flower aroma. Additionally, at least 28 heat shock protein(HSP) and 11 β-glucosidase(BGLU) genes may be involved in the formation of floral fragrance. These findings provide insights into the formation of the floral fragrance of jasmine and will promote germplasm utilization for breeding improved jasmine varieties.
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-19)the Scientific Research Foundation of Graduate School of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, China (102–1122YS010)+6 种基金the Rural Revitalization Tea Industry Technical Service Project of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, China (11899170145)the “Double First-class” Scientific and Technological Innovation Capacity and Enhancement Cultivation Plan of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, China (KSYLP004)6.18 Tea Industry Technology Branch of Collaborative Innovation Institute, China (K1520001A)the Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Construction Project for Technological Innovation and Service System of Tea Industry Chain, China (K1520005A01)the Construction of Plateau Discipline of Fujian Province, China (102/71201801101)the Biochemical Analysis and Biological Study of Tea Plant Germplasm Resources of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, China (K1518023A)the Innovation Training Program for College Students of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, China (102–111ZC20061)。
文摘In the postharvest processing of tea leaves,withering is the first indispensable manufacturing process which produces the mellow,umami and sweet taste of white tea.In this study,we aimed to determine the dynamic changes of the main metabolites and clarify the key differentially expressed genes(DEGs) involved in forming the characteristic taste of white tea during withering.Phytochemical analyses revealed that the contents of total catechins and starch decreased continuously,whereas the contents of theaflavin,γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA),maltose,and soluble sugars increased significantly during withering(from 0–48 h).Meanwhile,the elevation of α-amylase(AMY),β-amylase(BAM),total amylase,and glutamate decarboxylase(GAD) activities may be correlated with the accumulation of GABA and maltose.By transcriptome sequencing,we detected 9 707,15 921,17 353,and 17 538 DEGs at 12,24,36,and 48 h of the withering process,respectively,compared with 0 h sample(fresh leaves).The transcript levels of most of the DEGs involved in catechin biosynthesis were significantly inhibited,whereas those involved in catechin oxidation were significantly up-regulated,which could be correlated to a decrease in catechin content and an increase in theaflavin content.The DEGs involved in GABA biosynthesis were considerably up-regulated,and the down-regulation of SPMS could reduce the competition for converting spermidine to GABA.The up-regulation of the AMY and BAM genes could trigger starch degradation,resulting in the increase of soluble sugar content.These results provide new insights into the importance of the withering process to the characteristic taste of white tea.
基金Supported by Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-31-15)Construction of Plateau Discipline of Fujian Province(102/71201801101)
文摘[Objective] The objective of this study was to understand the codon usage bias pattern of banana pathogenesis-related 17 gene, Basic Secretory Protease gene(MaBSP). [Method] Relative codon usage patterns of MaBSP were calculated using the software CodonW version 1.4.2. and the web-based tool(http://kazusa.or.jp/codon/).[Result] Our findings showed that C-ended and G-ended codons were the most preferential except the TER codon UGA which was coded for by just one codon. The ENc value, relationship between AT bias and GC bias, Random synonymous codon usage(RSCU) and CAI all showed that codon bias usage existed in MaBSP gene.[Conclusion] The codon usage patterns of MaBSP gene is principally influenced by natural selection in the third position. However, other multiple factors also influence this pattern.
基金Thisworkwas supported by theNatural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholars of the Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(Grant No.xjq201721)Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31601713)+2 种基金Construction of Plateau Discipline of Fujian Province(Grant No.102/71201801101)Educational and Scientific Research Program for Young and Middle-Aged Instructors of Fujian Province(Grant No.JAT160166)the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(Grant No.CARS-31-15).
文摘Modern horticultural crop production systems target the exploitation of sustainable techniques for crop improvement while maintaining balance with the environment. Several beneficial microbes have been investigated and have yielded remarkable results. The endophytic fungus, Piriformospora indica, is one microbe group with the potential to offer numerous benefits and opportunities in modern horticultural crop production. This plant growth-promoting mycorrhizal fungus is of particular interest due to its beneficial implications in plant growth and development. The fungus has been experimentally proven to significantly improve water and nutrient/mineral absorption, early flowering, seed production/germination and plant photosynthetic capability, growth rates;especially in nutrient-deprived soils, alter the production of secondary metabolites, and promote adaptation, tolerance and/or resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors. Its unique capability to be axenically cultured makes it feasible for research and application. These attributes in combinations with its broad host range, offer immense potential for this fungus for research in horticultural plant improvement. Thus, this review highlights the potential applications of P. indica in horticultural crops research and production.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31572088 and 31672127)the Science and Technology Plan Major Projects of Fujian Province of China(2015NZ00021)+1 种基金the New Century Excellent Talents Support Program in Fujian Province University of China(20151104)the Special Fund for Scientific and Technological Innovation of Fujian Agricultural and Basic Research of China(CXZX2017314).
文摘Argonaute(AGO)proteins are the core of the RNA-induced gene silencing complex which regulate a wide variety of processes in plants,from organ development to abiotic stress responses.They have been identified in many plants,but little is known in longan(Dimocarpus longan Lour.),and how AGO functions in the signaling pathways in plant embryos in response to changing environmental stimuli remains unclear.In the present research,a genome-wide analysis of the AGO gene family members and their roles in somatic embryogenesis(SE),zygotic embryogenesis(ZE),tissue developmental processes,and responses to hormones,light and abiotic stress in longan were conducted.Ten longan AGO genes were identified genome-wide and divided into four clades.They were distributed on chromosomes 1,4,8,10,12,13,14,and 15,and had 2–23 introns.The expression profiling implied that DlAGOs regulated early and middle embryogenesis,as well as developmental processes of seed,flower,and stem in longan.In addition,the transcript levels of DlAGOs in response to exogenous hormones,light and abiotic stress showed differences in expression patterns.These results provide the useful information for further elucidation of RNAi-mediated gene silencing in longan embryogenic callus(EC).
基金Supported by Major Science and Technology Project of Fujian Province(2015NZ0002-1)
文摘This study was conducted to determine effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid(2,4-D) and light on growth of gerbera(Gerbera jamesonii cv. Daxueju) callus. Callus was induced from both petiole and leaf explants of gerbera on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 3% sucrose and various concentrations of 2,4-D and placed under light and dark. Callus induction percentage, callus size and callus fresh and dry weights were efficiently higher when using petiole as explant. MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/L 2,4-D showed the highest callus induction percentage of 96.70%. Callus induced under light had larger weight mass. It was indicated that 1.5 mg/L 2,4-D and light could promote growth of gerbera callus from petiole explant.
基金Young and Middle-aged Teacher Educational Research Project of Fujian Province(KLA19009A)&Major Agricultural Science and Technology Project of Fujian Province(2015NZ0002-1)&Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(KF2015108).
文摘[Objective]The paper was to study the physiological mechanism of Oncidium hybridum‘Gower Ramsey’infected by Erwinia carotovora pv.carotovora.[Method]O.hybridum‘Gower Ramsey’was inoculated with E.carotovora by needle-punching method.The leaves inoculated with sterile water were used as control,and samples were collected at 12,24,36 and 48 h post inoculations to determine the physiological indexes,respectively.[Result]The contents of MDA,flavonoid,lignin,soluble protein and the activities of POD,SOD,CAT,PPO and PAL in O.hybridum leaves first increased then decreased.At 12 h post inoculation,the activities of SOD and CAT increased significantly by 40.49%and 37.77%(P<0.01,the same below),respectively;the contents of flavonoid increased significantly by 21.56%(P<0.05,the same below);and the activities of PAL,POD and PPO increased significantly by 42.29%,81.8%and 37.98%,respectively.The contents of MDA and lignin increased significantly by 57.98%and 58.72%at 24 h,respectively;the content of soluble protein increased by 87.71%at 24 h,and 61.28%at 36 h,while the content of Pro increased at 24 h(P>0.05,the same below),and increased significantly by 23.66%at 36 h;the content of soluble sugar content had no significant difference compared with the control.Additionally,the chlorophyll a and carotenoid contents tended to decrease dramatically,while chlorophyll b increased significantly by 95.33%at 24 h,then decreased.The initial fluorescence parameter of Fm/Fv and Y(II)decreased significantly by 47.14%and 54.61%,respectively,while the Y(NO)increased significantly by 33.61%,compared with the control.[Conclusion]The contents of Pro,MDA,lignin,soluble protein and the activities of POD,SOD,CAT,PPO and PAL in O.hybridum leaves are closely related to the infection of E.carotovora,which provide new clues for revealing the infection mechanism of E.carotovora in O.hybridum.
基金Supported by Open Project Foundation of National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center(2019-03)Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(20212ACB205001)。
文摘[Objectives]The paper was to analyze the differences of genes and genome methylation between‘lane late’navel orange and it’s bud sport pumpkin-like navel orange,and to reveal the causes of bud sport.[Methods]Amplification fragment length polymorphism(AFLP)and methylation sensitive amplification polymorphism(MSAP)were used to analyze the differences in genes and genome methylation of‘lane late’navel orange and its bud sport pumpkin-like navel orange.[Results]Gene mutation occurred between the‘lane late’navel orange and its bud sport pumpkin-like navel orange.A total of 15 differential bands were obtained by AFLP markers,and the percentage of polymorphic bands was 6.0000%.Meantime,10 differential bands were obtained by MSAP markers,and the percentage of polymorphic bands was 5.4645%.The semimethylation rate and permethylation rate of‘lane late’navel orange were higher than that of pumpkin-like navel orange,that is,pumpkin-like navel orange had demethylation(demethylation ratio was 1.6393%).[Conclusions]It is proved at the DNA level that the emergence of bud sport pumpkin-like navel orange is due to gene mutation,and the DNA methylation level of the bud sport material has also changed.This study lays a foundation for further exploring the mechanism of bud sport.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Plan Major Projects of Fujian Province(2015NZ0002-1)
文摘In our previous study,a gene predicted to encode a Tyrosine aminotransferase( TAT) was found to be significantly up-regulated in root rot diseased Gerbera by transcriptome sequencing. To confirm the genes and investigate the function,we cloned the gene by RT-PCR and then conduct bioinformatic analyses. In this study,a 1 537 bp long c DNA sequence of this gene( named as Gh TAT) was firstly cloned,which contained a coding region of 1 233 bp,which was predicted to encode a protein of 410 amino acids. Bioinformatic analysis showed that the Gh TAT was a stable hydrophobic protein without signal peptide. Subcellular location prediction result indicated that this protein located in chloroplast,which is the biosynthesis position of tyrosine and the derived products of tyrosine biosynthesis pathway. Moreover,typical Tyrosine aminotransferase domain was found in this protein,indicating that it is a TAT. According to the TAT-based phylogenetic analysis and similarity analysis,the closest relationship and highest similarity was found between Gh TAT and Halianthus annuus TAT,which again verified the TAT property of Gh TAT. Tyrosine aminotransferase( TAT) is the first enzyme in tyrosine biosynthesis pathway,whose products include many antioxidant substances such as tocopherols and tocotrienols. The up-regulation of Gh TAT in root rot diseased gerbera suggests that it may play an important role in response to the root rot pathogen infection. In addition,60 phosphorylation sites( accounting for 14. 6%) were found in this protein,suggesting that the expression of this protein and its encoding gene were greatly influenced by the phosphorylation reactions.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31672127 and 31572088)the Scientific Research Foundation of Horticulture College of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,China(2018S02)+1 种基金the Construction of Plateau Discipline of Fujian Province,China(102/71201801101)the Project of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China(AB2017-4)。
文摘CCCH(C3 H) Zinc finger(Znf) transcription factors(TFs), as a novel type of Znf gene, regulate the expression of genes by binding to their mRNAs and play important roles in plant growth and development and abiotic stress resistance.Longan(Dimocarpous longan) is a tropical/subtropical fruit tree of great economic importance in Southeast Asia.However, genomic information on C3 H and their functions in longan are still unknown. In this study, a comprehensive analysis of the longan C3 H(DlC3 H) gene family was carried out. A total of 49 DlC3 H genes in three clades were identified from the longan genome database. Characteristics of the genes were analyzed with respect to gene structure,motif composition, phylogenetic tree and potential functions. The analysis of alternative splicing(AS) events suggested that AS events in DlC3 H genes were related to the transformation from longan non-embryonic to embryonic cultures.Promoter analysis indicated that most of the DlC3 H genes included cis-acting elements associated with hormones and stresses responses. Quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR) analysis indicated that 26 of the 49 DlC3 Hs, which possess methyl jasmonate(MeJA) and abscisic acid(ABA) responsive cis-acting elements, showed differential expression patterns under treatment with ABA, MeJA and their endogenous inhibitors, suggesting that DlC3 Hs might be involved in the ABA and MeJA signaling pathways. The expression profiles of 17 of the 49 DlC3 Hs in non-embryonic callus and three tissues of embryonic cultures showed that only five of the 17 DlC3 Hs had the same expression trends as the FPKM trends in transcriptome data;the expression levels of DlC3 H07/14/16/36/49 in embryogenic callus and DlC3 H04/38 in globular embryos were high, suggesting that they have different functions in embryonic development. Further, we verified that DlC3 H01/03/05/11/19/39 were regulated by sRNAs by a modified 5’ RLM-RACE method. This study provides the first systematic analysis of C3 H genes in longan, and found that C3 H genes may be involved in hormone and stress responses, and somatic embryogenesis. Our preliminary investigation may provide clues to further studies on the characteristics and functions of this family in longan.
基金the Program for High-level University Construction of the Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,China(612014028)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,China(2018J01700)Rural Revitalization Service Team of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,China(11899170125)。
文摘Cultivated strawberry(Fragaria×ananassa)originated from four diploid ancestors:F.vesca,F.viridis,F.iinumae and F.nipponica.Among them,F.vesca is the dominant subgenome for cultivated strawberry.It is not well understood how differences in gene expression between diploid and octoploid strawberry contribute to differences during fruit development.In this study,we used comprehensive transcriptomic analyses of F.vesca and F.×ananassa to investigate gene expression at the different stages of fruit development.In total,we obtained 3508(turning stage)and 3958(red stage)differentially expressed genes with pairwise comparisons between diploid and octoploid.The genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis were almost upregulated in the turning stages of octoploid,and we also discovered a ripe fruit-specific module associated with several flavonoid biosynthetic genes,including FveMYB10,FveMYB9/11,and Fve RAP,using weighted gene coexpression network analysis(WGCNA).Furthermore,we identified the species-specific regulated networks in the octoploid and diploid fruit.Notably,we found that the WAK and F-box genes were enriched in the octoploid and diploid fruits,respectively.This study elucidates new findings on flavonoid biosynthesis and fruit size of strawberry with important implications for future molecular breeding in cultivated strawberry.
文摘[Objective]The paper was to explore the effects of different vase solutions on fresh-keeping effects of fresh-cut rose,and to provide reference for fresh-keeping activities of fresh-cut rose.[Method]Acid oxidiation-potential water(AOW,p H 2-3,redox potential ORP≥1100 mv effective chlorine concentration 50 mg/L),melatonin solution(MT,45 mg/L),sodium hypochlorite solution(NaClO,95 mg/L),acidic oxidiation-potential aqueous solution+melatonin solution(50 mg/L AOW+45 mg/L MT),acidic oxidiation-potential aqueous solution+sodium hypochlorite solution(50 mg/L AOW+95 mg/L NaClO)and melatonin solution+sodium hypochlorite solution(45 mg/L MT+95 mg/L NaClO)were used as vase solutions to explore their fresh-keeping effects on fresh-cut rose.[Result]Compared with the control group of distilled water,all the six kinds of vase solutions had fresh-keeping effects on fresh-cut rose.AOW showed obvious fresh-keeping effects on fresh-cut rose,and the vase life could be extended by 1-4 d.Melatonin,AOW+melatonin,melatonin+sodium hypochlorite had the second best preservation effects,which could prolong the vase life by 1-3 d.The fresh-keeping effects of sodium hypochlorite and AOW+sodium hypochlorite had no significant difference with that of the control group,and the vase life could be prolonged by 1-2 d.[Conclusion]The study provides a certain theoretical basis for the application of fresh-cut flower preservative on rose.
基金the 6.18 Tea Industry Technology Branch of Collaborative Innovation Institute(K1520001A)the Construction Project for Technological Innovation and Service System of Tea Industry Chain of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(K1520005A01)+2 种基金the Rural Revitalization Tea Industry Technical Service Project of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(11899170145)the‘Double First-class'Sci-entific and Technological Innovation Capacity and Enhancement Cultivation Plan of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(KSYLP004),the Construction of Plateau Discipline of Fujian Province(102/71201801101)the Tea Industry Branch of Collaborative Innovation Institute of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(K1521015A).
文摘Non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)are functional transcripts with minimal or no protein-coding capacity that comprise a large portion of the plant transcriptome.Among them,the microRNAs(miRNAs),linear long ncRNAs(lncRNAs),and circular long ncRNAs(circRNAs)have been widely proven to play essential regulatory roles in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites(SMs)by modulating the expression of key synthesisrelated genes in plants.Tea boasts numerous characteristic SMs,such as catechins,theanine,caffeine,volatile compounds,etc.,which have distinguished health properties and largely determine the pleasant flavor quality.Thus,understanding how the tea plant produces these specialized metabolites is of great research interest.With the innovation and progress of biotechnologies in recent years,significant progress has been made in research on the regulation mechanism of SMs in tea plants at the DNA,mRNA,protein and metabolite levels.The release of the genome sequences of tea plants paves a path for precisely exploring ncRNAs and their functions in tea,and their huge potential for the biosynthesis regulation of SMs has gradually received attention.We herein summarize recent progress on miRNAs,lncRNAs,and circRNAs in tea plants and discuss their regulatory roles in the accumulation of SMs to enlighten the development of novel agronomic tools to enhance the quality of tea.
基金supported by the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System of Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(Grant No.CARS-19)the Scientific Research Foundation of Graduate School of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(Grant No.324-1122yb070)+7 种基金the Scientific Research Foundation of Horticulture College of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(Grant No.2019B01)the Rural Revitalization Tea Industry Technical Service Project of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(Grant No.11899170145)the“Double first-class”scientific and technological innovation capacity and enhancement cultivation plan of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(Grant No.KSYLP004)the 6.18 Tea Industry Technology Branch of Collaborative Innovation Institute(Grant No.K1520001A)the Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Construction Project for Technological Innovation and Service System of Tea Industry Chain(Grant No.K1520005A01)the Construction of Plateau Discipline of Fujian Province(Grant No.102/71201801101)the Tea Industry Branch of Collaborative Innovation Institute of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(Grant No.K1521015A)the Special Fund for Science and Technology Innovation of Fujian Zhang Tianfu Tea Development Foundation(Grant No.FJZTF01),China.
文摘The epitranscriptomic mark N6-methyladenosine(m^(6)A),which is the predominant internal modification in RNA,is important for plant responses to diverse stresses.Multiple environmental stresses caused by the tea-withering process can greatly influence the accumulation of specialized metabolites and the formation of tea flavor.However,the effects of the m^(6)A-mediated regulatory mechanism on flavor-related metabolic pathways in tea leaves remain relatively uncharacterized.We performed an integrated RNA methylome and transcriptome analysis to explore the m^(6)Amediated regulatory mechanism and its effects on flavonoid and terpenoid metabolism in tea(Camellia sinensis)leaves under solar-withering conditions.Dynamic changes in global m^(6)A level in tea leaves were mainly controlled by two m^(6)A erasers(CsALKBH4A and CsALKBH4B)during solar-withering treatments.Differentially methylated peak-associated genes following solarwithering treatments with different shading rates were assigned to terpenoid biosynthesis and spliceosome pathways.Further analyses indicated that CsALKBH4-driven RNA demethylation can directly affect the accumulation of volatile terpenoids by mediating the stability and abundance of terpenoid biosynthesis-related transcripts and also indirectly influence the flavonoid,catechin,and theaflavin contents by triggering alternative splicing-mediated regulation.Our findings revealed a novel layer of epitranscriptomic gene regulation in tea flavor-related metabolic pathways and established a link between the m^(6)A-mediated regulatory mechanism and the formation of tea flavor under solar-withering conditions.
基金Supported by Social Science Funds for United Front Work Special Project of Fujian Provincial Department of Education(KJYT2204A).
文摘Under the historical background of promoting agricultural and rural modernization in an all-round way,this paper deeply analyzes the practical significance of digital construction in rural China,and explores the problems in the digitalization level of rural infrastructure,farmers digitalization awareness and accomplishment,and agricultural digital system.Countermeasures and suggestions are put forward from four aspects:digital village construction policy system,rural digital infrastructure construction,rural digital talent cultivation system,and agricultural digital system,and the rural digital construction of Huzhou City is taken as an example,in order to further realize the goal of empowering rural farmers with digital technology for common prosperity.
