Ulcerative colitis(UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease, whose etiology is still unclear. Its pathogenesis involves an interaction between genetic factors, immune response and the "forgotten organ", Gut Mic...Ulcerative colitis(UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease, whose etiology is still unclear. Its pathogenesis involves an interaction between genetic factors, immune response and the "forgotten organ", Gut Microbiota. Several studies have been conducted to assess the role of antibiotics and probiotics as additional or alternative therapies for Ulcerative Colitis. Escherichia coli Nissle(Ec N) is a nonpathogenic Gram-negative strain isolated in 1917 by Alfred Nissle and it is the active component of microbial drug Mutaflor®(Ardeypharm Gmb H, Herdecke, Germany and Ec N, Cadigroup, In Italy) used in many gastrointestinal disorder including diarrhea, uncomplicated diverticular disease and UC. It is the only probiotic recommended in ECCO guidelines as effective alternative to mesalazine in maintenance of remission in UC patients. In this review we propose an update on the role of Ec N 1917 in maintenance of remission in UC patients, including data about efficacy and safety. Further studies may be helpful for this subject to further the full use of potential of Ec N.展开更多
Objective:To examine the multiplication efficiency Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV)genotype Ⅰ(G Ⅰ) and genotype Ⅲ(GⅢ) of different cell lines which originated from human,porcine,mosquitoes in order to prove mechan...Objective:To examine the multiplication efficiency Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV)genotype Ⅰ(G Ⅰ) and genotype Ⅲ(GⅢ) of different cell lines which originated from human,porcine,mosquitoes in order to prove mechanism of JEV G Ⅰ replacement JEV GⅢ since it emerging in nature recent decades.Methods:The mixture of Gi and GⅢ JEV isolates was inoculated on human rhabdomyosarcoma(RD).pig kidney epithelial(PS) and Aedes albopictus C6/36 clone(C6/36) which originated from human,porcine and mosquitoes,respectively.Plaque assays were performed to calculate virus titer and real-time RT-PCR with GⅠand GⅢspecific primer sets to quantify the number of GⅠ and GUI RNA copies.Results:The highest virus titer reached at the 3rd day of post infection when G Ⅰand GⅢ mixture was inoculated on RD and PS and that of C636 was at the 4^(th)day.JEVs were amplified and maintained by C6/36 cells after 10 passages whereas that by RD and PS only limited within 8 and 6 passages,respectively.GⅠ strain amplified and maintained more efficiently on C6/36 and PS but not RD.whereas GⅢ strain amplified and maintained more efficiently on RD.Conclusions:There is a correlation between the multiplication efficiency of GⅠ and GⅢ JEV strains when these two genotype strains co-infected on different cell lines with the predominance of GⅠstrains in C6/36 and PS and the limited detection of G 1 strains in RD cells proving a possible mechanism of shift JEV genotypes in nature recent decades since GⅠ emerging.展开更多
Objective To explore metabolic changes after acute hypoxia and modulating effect of vitamins B1, B2, and PP supplementation in mice exposed to acute hypoxia. Methods Fifty male Kunming mice were randomly divided into ...Objective To explore metabolic changes after acute hypoxia and modulating effect of vitamins B1, B2, and PP supplementation in mice exposed to acute hypoxia. Methods Fifty male Kunming mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal, acute hypoxia, acute hypoxia with 2, 4 and 8 time- vitamins B1, B2, and PP supplementation . All mice were fed with corresponding diets for two weeks and then were exposed to a simulated altitude of 6 000 meters for 8 h, except for the normal group. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis was used to identify the changes of serum metabolic profiles. Results There were significant changes in some serum metabolites under induced acute hypoxia, essentially relative increase in the concentrations of lactate, sugar and lipids and decrease in ethanol. The serum levels of choline, succinate, taurine, alanine, and glutamine also increased and phosphocholine decreased in the acute hypoxia group. After vitamins B1, B2, and PP supplementation, all these metabolic changes gradually recovered. Conclusion Significant changes in serum metabolic profile were observed by metabolomics in mice exposed to acute hypoxia, and vitamins B1, B2, and PP supplementation proved to be beneficial to improving some metabolic pathways. It is suggested that the dietary intakes of vitamins B1, B2, and PP should be increased under hypoxia condition.展开更多
AIM: To detect the common intestinal pathogenic bacteria quickly and accurately.METHODS: A rapid (＜3 h) experimental procedure was set up based upon the gene chip technology. Target genes were amplified and hybridize...AIM: To detect the common intestinal pathogenic bacteria quickly and accurately.METHODS: A rapid (＜3 h) experimental procedure was set up based upon the gene chip technology. Target genes were amplified and hybridized by oligonucleotide microarrays.RESULTS: One hundred and seventy strains of bacteria in pure culture belonging to 11 genera were successfully discriminated under comparatively same conditions, and a series of specific hybridization maps corresponding to each kind of bacteria were obtained. When this method was applied to 26 divided cultures, 25 (96.2%) were identified.CONCLUSION: Salmonella sp., Escherichia coli, Shigella sp., Listeria monocytogenes, Vibrio parahaemolyticus,Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus sp., Bacillus cereus,Vibrio cholerae, Enterococcus faecalis, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Campylobacter jejuni can be detected and identified by our microarrays. The accuracy, range,and discrimination power of this assay can be continually improved by adding further oligonucleotides to the arrays without any significant increase of complexity or cost.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the alterations of biomarkers in the development and progression of coal workers’ pneumoconiosis (CWP). Methods The type and number of cells, and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-...Objective To evaluate the alterations of biomarkers in the development and progression of coal workers’ pneumoconiosis (CWP). Methods The type and number of cells, and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), pulmonary surfactant protein, phospholipids and fibronectin in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were assayed in 14 health active coal miners, 21 coal miners without CWP and 13 miners with CWP of 0/1 to 1/1. Results Compared to active coal miners without CWP (8.23 μg/mL), TNF-α concentration was gradually decreased when dust exposure was stopped (5.90 μg/mL). Elevated surfactant protein A (SP-A) level and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) to phosphatidylinositol (PI) ratio were found in miners actively exposed to coal dust (6528 ng/mL for SP-A and 10. for PG/PI), and both parameters decreased when CWP progressed from CWP (0/1) (3419 μg/mL for SP-A and 5.9 for PG/PI) to CWP (1/1) (1654 μg/mL for SP-A and 5.5 for PG/PI). Conclusion Biomarkers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid can be used to screen coal miners at high risk of developing coal workers’ pneumoconiosis.展开更多
A new hapten, aldicarb oxime succinic ester (AOSE), was synthesized for immunoassay of aldicarb. It was conjugated to proteins by active ester method. Polyclonal antibody was raised against AOSE-BSA (bovine serum albu...A new hapten, aldicarb oxime succinic ester (AOSE), was synthesized for immunoassay of aldicarb. It was conjugated to proteins by active ester method. Polyclonal antibody was raised against AOSE-BSA (bovine serum albumin) conjugate. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) showed that this antiserum had high affinity to aldicarb and can be used for sensitive and selective immunoassay of aldicarb.展开更多
Preparation and characterization of the hapten-protein conjugates are fundamental to developing environmental immunoassays. As a hapten, 1-pyrenebutyric acid(PBA) was conjugated to the carrier protein of bovine serum ...Preparation and characterization of the hapten-protein conjugates are fundamental to developing environmental immunoassays. As a hapten, 1-pyrenebutyric acid(PBA) was conjugated to the carrier protein of bovine serum albumin(BSA) or ovalbumin(OVA) by active ester method. Infrared spectra(IR) showed that PBA-BSA and PBA-OVA conjugates were successfully prepared. The number of the haptens conjugated to the carrier protein was determined by ultraviolet spectra(UV) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF-MS). The calculated average binding ratios of PBA/BSA and PBA/OVA were 18:1 and 10:1 by UV, and 31:1 and 22:1 by MALDI-TOF-MS, respectively. Although there was a discrepancy between the results determined by the two methods, both of them were useful for the characterization of the hapten-protein conjugates. The antibody was produced against the antigen of PBA-BSA, and the affinity was tested by the double agar diffusion method. The conjugates and the antibody could be used for developing a sensitive and selective immunoassay of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs).展开更多
Objective: To record the human cases of dengue fever(DF) and investigate the Aedes mosquito species circulating during the Hanoi 2011 DF epidemics. Methods: 24 different outbreak points were recorded in 8 districts be...Objective: To record the human cases of dengue fever(DF) and investigate the Aedes mosquito species circulating during the Hanoi 2011 DF epidemics. Methods: 24 different outbreak points were recorded in 8 districts between August and December 2011. Results: 140 patients were hospitalized following dengue diagnostic with a predominance of males(59.3%) and the 15-34 age class. Only DENV-1(11.27%) and DENV-2(88.73%) serotypes were detected in human samples. Mosquito sampling performed in and around patients households revealed the predominance of Aedes aegypti(95.15%) versus Aedes albopictus(4.85%). There is a positive correlation between the population density of Aedes aegypti and the number of human cases and duration of outbreaks. Conclusions: This was not observed for Aedes albopictus. 3 pools of Aedes aegypti were positive with dengue virus, two with DENV-1 and one with DENV-2.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the effect of nitric oxide(NO)on the development and degree of liver failure in an animal model of acute hepatic failure(AHF).METHODS:An experimental rat model of galactosamine-induced AHF was used.An ...AIM:To evaluate the effect of nitric oxide(NO)on the development and degree of liver failure in an animal model of acute hepatic failure(AHF).METHODS:An experimental rat model of galactosamine-induced AHF was used.An inhibitor of NO synthase,nitroarginine methyl ester,or an NO donor,arginine,were administered at various doses prior to or after the induction of AHF.RESULTS:All tested groups developed AHF.Following inhibition of the endogenous NO pathway,most liver parameters improved,regardless of the inhibitor dose before the induction of liver damage,and depending on the inhibitor dose after liver damage.Prophylactic administration of the inhibitor was more effective in improving liver function parameters than administration of the inhibitor after liver damage.An attempt to activate the endogenous NO pathway prior to the induction of liver damage did not change the observed liver function parameters.Stimulation of the endogenous NO pathway after liver damage,regardless of the NO donor dose used,improved most liver function parameters.CONCLUSION:The endogenous NO pathway plays an important role in the development of experimental galactosamine-induced AHF.展开更多
AIM:To assess clinical and endoscopic response to propionyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride(PLC) in colonic inflammatory bowel disease.METHODS:Patients suffering from mild to moderate ulcerative colitis(UC) or Crohn's d...AIM:To assess clinical and endoscopic response to propionyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride(PLC) in colonic inflammatory bowel disease.METHODS:Patients suffering from mild to moderate ulcerative colitis(UC) or Crohn's disease(CD) colitis,with disease activity index(DAI) between 3 and 10 and under stable therapy with oral aminosalicylates,mercaptopurine or azathioprine,for at least 8 wk prior to baseline assessments,were considered suitable for enrollment.Fourteen patients were enrolled to assume PLC 2 g/d(two active tablets twice daily) orally.Clinical-endoscopic and histological activity were assessed by DAI and histological index(HI),respectively,following a colonoscopy performed immediately before and after 4 wk treatment.Clinical response was defined as a lowering of at least 3 points in DAI and clinical remission as a DAI score ≤ 2.Histological response was defined as an improvement of HI of at least 1 point.We used median values for the analysis.Differences pre-and post-treatment were analyzed by Wilcoxon signed rank test.RESULTS:All patients enrolled completed the study.One patient,despite medical advice,took deflazacort 5 d before follow-up colonoscopy examination.No side effects were reported by patients during the trial.After treatment,71%(SE 12%) of patients achieved clinical response,while 64%(SE 13%) obtained remission.Separating UC from CD patients,we observed a clinical response in 60%(SE 16%) and 100%,respectively.Furthermore 60%(SE 16%) of UC patients and 75%(SE 25%) of CD patients were in clinical remission after therapy.The median DAI was 7 [interquartile range(IQR):4-8] before treatment and decreased to 2(IQR:1-3)(P < 0.01) after treatment.Only patients with UC showed a significant reduction of DAI,from a median 6.5(IQR:4-9) before treatment to 2(IQR:1-3) after treatment(P < 0.01).Conversely,in CD patients,although displaying a clear reduction of DAI from 7(IQR:5.5-7.5) before therapy to 1.5(IQR:0.5-2.5) after therapy,differences observed were not significant(P = 0.06).Seventy-nine percent(SE 11%) of patients showed improvement of HI of at least 1 point,while only one CD and two UC patients showed HI stability;none showed HI worsening.Median HI decreased from 1(IQR:1-2),to 0.5(IQR:0-1) at the endoscopic control in the whole population(P < 0.01),while it changed from 1(IQR:1-2) to 0.5(IQR:0-1) in UC patients(P < 0.01) and from 1.5(IQR:1-2) to 0.5(IQR:0-1) in CD patients(P = not significant).The two sample tests of proportions showed no significant differences in clinical and histological response or in clinical remission between UC and CD patients.No side effects were reported during treatment or at 4 wk follow-up visit.CONCLUSION:PLC improves endoscopic and histological activity of mild to moderate UC.Further studies are required to evaluate PLC efficacy in colonic CD patients.展开更多
Objective:To determine the concentration and rate of decay of maternal IgG antibodies against measles prevalence in infants of vaccinated or naturally infected mothers and study initial measles immunization occurs in ...Objective:To determine the concentration and rate of decay of maternal IgG antibodies against measles prevalence in infants of vaccinated or naturally infected mothers and study initial measles immunization occurs in nine-month-old children.Methods:In total,401 pregnant women and the same number of their subsequent newborns were recruited in the Bavi district of Hanoi in 2016-2017;they were divided into two groups:Older women(born before 1985,n=201)and younger women(born after 1990,n=200).Samples were collected at five time-points;week 36 of pregnancy,birth(cord),and 3,6,and 9 months after birth.Measles-specific IgG antibody levels were recorded.Results:In total,77.06% of the 401 pregnant women were seropositive for measles-specific IgG antibodies.A significantly greater proportion of mothers aged 30 and older(88.06%)and their newborn(93.53%)were seropositive compared to the mothers aged 25 and younger(66.00%),and their newborn(72.00%)(P<0.001).The infants of older mothers had significantly higher geometric mean titres(GMT)of measles IgG antibodies than the infants of younger mothers(P<0.001)at all time-points of the study period.The proportion of measles IgG antibodies together with GMT decreased from 82.97%(506.96)at the age of three months to 23.19%(45.22)at the age of nine months.Conclusions:This study provides a profile of maternal antibodies against measles in Vietnamese infants and investigates the early susceptibility to measles in both the infants of vaccinated mothers and mothers with naturally acquired immunity.These data suggest that determining the appropriate age for measles vaccination is paramount for the elimination of measles in Vietnam.展开更多
Objective:To establish a surveillance in Dong Thap,at the border with Cambodia by assessing the presence of DHNV serotypes and CHIKV among patients hospitalized at Dong Thap general hospital.Methods:Cross-sectional de...Objective:To establish a surveillance in Dong Thap,at the border with Cambodia by assessing the presence of DHNV serotypes and CHIKV among patients hospitalized at Dong Thap general hospital.Methods:Cross-sectional descriptive analysis was conducted on a cohort of 131 patients hospitalized with acute fever and symptoms compatible with dengue or chikungunya.The study was conducted from January 2012 to February 2013.The full clinical picture was established as well as serological and molecular detection.Serological analysis was sequentially performed on blood samples collected on admission and an average of seven days after admission.The detection of IgM antibody to DENV was performed by IgM capture ELTSA and the detection of DENV and CHIKV RNA was done by reverse-transcription multiplex PCR.Results:101 patients out of 131(77%) were confirmed with dengue.All four dengue serotypes were detected with a predominance of DENV2 and DENV4.No chikungunya infection was detected although reported in neighboring Cambodia.A differential efficiency of serological dengue detection was observed.Efficiency was 29%upon admission and 53%after seven days on the same patients.30 patients out of 131(23%) were negative with both DENV and CHIKV.Conclusions:Dengue is at risk of being underestimated and chikungunya is not systematically detected.Changes in detection and surveillance procedures are therefore discussed to increase efficiency of dengue detection and continue the monitoring the emergence of CHIKV in Dong Thap province and in Vietnam.展开更多
Objective: To analyze the differentially expressed cDNA sequences related to chlorophyllin (CHL) mediated inhibition of malignant transformation of human bronchia1 epithelial cell line (16HBE). Methods: 16HBE cells tr...Objective: To analyze the differentially expressed cDNA sequences related to chlorophyllin (CHL) mediated inhibition of malignant transformation of human bronchia1 epithelial cell line (16HBE). Methods: 16HBE cells treated with chlorophyllin and anti-BPDE were conducted as tester, 16HBE cells treated only with anti-BPDE were conducted as driver, and cDNA representational difference analysis (cDNA RDA) was used to compare the differential gene expression between the two kinds of cells. The cDNA fragments were ligated to pGEM-T vector and transformed into JM109 bacteria. The plasmid DNA was sequenced and compared with database in GenBank by BLASTN. Results: Among the 5 cloned cDNA sequences, three were novel and were registered in dbEST database, two showed sequence homology to alpha-enolase and a newly found gene ribosomal protein S18/S6-like. Conclusion: These 5 cDNA sequences might play important roles in antitransforming effect of chlorophyllin.展开更多
Aflatoxins are the most popular hepatotoxicants. Chronic exposure to aflatoxins leads to a wide variety ofliver diseases, such as hepatocellular carcinoma. In this study, we analyzed the genome wide expression profile...Aflatoxins are the most popular hepatotoxicants. Chronic exposure to aflatoxins leads to a wide variety ofliver diseases, such as hepatocellular carcinoma. In this study, we analyzed the genome wide expression profiles ofaflatoxin B1-induced rat hepatic epithelial cells. The expression of 325, 184 and 199 special genes was altered whenexposed to 0.03, 0.1 and 0.2 μmol/L aflatoxin B1 respectively, and 239 genes were commonly expressed. After thefunctional analysis on these dose-special genes, we determined several key pathways related to hepatotoxicity, such asTGF-beta signaling pathway, tight junction, adherens junction, the regulation of actin cytoskeleton, ErbB signalingpathway, p53 signaling pathway, pathways in cancer and axon guidance. Common genes were mainly associated withfocal adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction, and cell adhesion molecules. Gene ontology annotations showed a goodconcordance with these pathways. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction（PCR） analysis of selectedgenes showed similar patterns in microarrays. The toxicogenomic study provides a better understanding of molecularmechanisms of aflatoxins.展开更多
One kind of novel BLMs was fabricated by patch-clamp pipette technology characterized in considerably sensitive to changes of electrochemical parameters.Detectiye currents and voltage presented linear relationship whe...One kind of novel BLMs was fabricated by patch-clamp pipette technology characterized in considerably sensitive to changes of electrochemical parameters.Detectiye currents and voltage presented linear relationship when BLMs was formed and it could be confirmed by Gramicidin method.Ion current was increased by dihexyl (C_ (12)) modified ssDNA fixed on the BLMs and also indicated linear relationship to ssDNA's concentration due to the interaction of (C_ 12)-ssDNA and BLMs.Further more,the regression equations were different from BLMs fixed with ssDNA probe and a blank control BLM in the same experimental conditions.The ssDNA probe was successfully fixed on patch-clamp pipette supported-BLMs.Based on our studies,a biosensor with reactive element of patch-clamp pipette-supported BLMs has been established.展开更多
Photocatalyst of TiO2 bonded active carbon （TiO2/AC）, was prepared via sol-gel method from a mixture of TiO2 sol with active carbon. Post heat treatment was performed at 250 ℃ for 2 h in air and then kept at 400 ℃...Photocatalyst of TiO2 bonded active carbon （TiO2/AC）, was prepared via sol-gel method from a mixture of TiO2 sol with active carbon. Post heat treatment was performed at 250 ℃ for 2 h in air and then kept at 400 ℃ to 600 ℃ under a flow of nitrogen for 2 h. The TiO2/AC composites obtained were characterized by SEM, XRD, UV-vis and BET. The photocatalytic activities of the TiO2/AC composites were studied in comparison with TiO2, AC, P-25 and a mixture of TiO2 and AC, respectively. The Ramnant rate of Rhodamine B absorbed by the active carbon is found to be almost 70% and the remnant rates of the Rhodamine B decolorized by TiO2 and the mixture of TiO2 and the active carbon are 30% and 25%, respectively. However, nearly complete removal of Rhodamine B is observed for a TiO2/AC composite after 200 min under UV irradiation, which will take the P-25 commercial product 5 h. Therefore, the TiO2/AC composite is much more effective in decolorization of aqueous Rhodamine B. In addition, the composite can be easily separated from solutions.展开更多
Global food security is a major development challenge dictated by state stability, resilience to geopolitical and economic shocks and is linked to health security. Fragile and failed nation-states are at risk of extre...Global food security is a major development challenge dictated by state stability, resilience to geopolitical and economic shocks and is linked to health security. Fragile and failed nation-states are at risk of extreme poverty and lead to war and conflict. Fragile states experience, corrupt financial regimes and are influenced by skewed global market systems and reduced equitable market access that decrease food and health security. This qualitative review describes the critical cross sections of food security, the influence of global market systems and state stability and institutions that form the nexus of global health security. We outline how the manipulation of free market systems and decreased state capacity not only decrease food and health security but also contribute to state fragility and failure. Improved public health policy mechanisms, decreased dependence on foreign financial structures and extractive mechanisms are crucial to improving food and health security at present, and to further increase state stability in the future.展开更多
Outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus have occurred in Vietnam since 2003. However, how people got avian H5N1 infection in Northern Vietnam is still unclear. We therefore performed a combination of...Outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus have occurred in Vietnam since 2003. However, how people got avian H5N1 infection in Northern Vietnam is still unclear. We therefore performed a combination of the serologic assays H5N1 ELISA and H5 western blot to detect anti-H5N1 specific antibodies. Sera samples of 149 subjects with suspected H5N1 infection from three provinces of Northern Vietnam were collected from September 2006 to March 2007. Our results indicated that this combinational assay showed high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (95%) when compared with hemagglutinin inhibition (HI) assay. Fifty-one sera samples (34.2%) contained specific antibodies against H5N1 viruses. Poultry raisers (32/77;41.6%) showed higher H5N1 infection rates than slaughterers (12/41;29.3%) and health care workers (7/31;22.6%). Contact history with sick or dead poultry in household or slaughter-house (p < 0.05) and lack of protective equipment use when in contact with dead poultry (p < 0.05) were risk factors found to be associated with H5N1 infection. In this study, we established an alternative serologic assay for H5N1 diagnosis, and we hereby present seroepidemiologic data of H5N1 infection in Northern Vietnam.展开更多
Rapid urbanisation brings about increase in air pollution. These emissions are generally linked to the production of energy, to industrial activities and to transport in the densely inhabited areas. Estimating the pol...Rapid urbanisation brings about increase in air pollution. These emissions are generally linked to the production of energy, to industrial activities and to transport in the densely inhabited areas. Estimating the pollutants quantities released in the air is an important stage in the evaluation of air quality. However, the problem of air pollution in urban areas is a problem in all Algerian cities. Similar to all Algerian big cities, the city of Batna has become a major urban area with an ever increasing fleet of motor vehicles most of which are practically old ones. This state of affairs increases the demand in fuel consumption and undeniably intensifies polluting emissions. As the situation goes, it has become the utmost urgency to wonder about a possible support that may be given to this sector in order to evaluate how air quality is managed in a durable way. The main objective of this study is to assess the quantity of CO2 pollutant known as the most significant greenhouse gas emission from traffic. The approach used is mainly based on a number of assumptions, which allows us to find the amount of 192 g/km/day CO2 released into the urban atmosphere of the city of Batna.展开更多
文摘Ulcerative colitis(UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease, whose etiology is still unclear. Its pathogenesis involves an interaction between genetic factors, immune response and the "forgotten organ", Gut Microbiota. Several studies have been conducted to assess the role of antibiotics and probiotics as additional or alternative therapies for Ulcerative Colitis. Escherichia coli Nissle(Ec N) is a nonpathogenic Gram-negative strain isolated in 1917 by Alfred Nissle and it is the active component of microbial drug Mutaflor®(Ardeypharm Gmb H, Herdecke, Germany and Ec N, Cadigroup, In Italy) used in many gastrointestinal disorder including diarrhea, uncomplicated diverticular disease and UC. It is the only probiotic recommended in ECCO guidelines as effective alternative to mesalazine in maintenance of remission in UC patients. In this review we propose an update on the role of Ec N 1917 in maintenance of remission in UC patients, including data about efficacy and safety. Further studies may be helpful for this subject to further the full use of potential of Ec N.
基金funded by Vietnam National Foundation for ScienceTechnology Development(NAFOSTED)under grant number:106.16-2011.68
文摘Objective:To examine the multiplication efficiency Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV)genotype Ⅰ(G Ⅰ) and genotype Ⅲ(GⅢ) of different cell lines which originated from human,porcine,mosquitoes in order to prove mechanism of JEV G Ⅰ replacement JEV GⅢ since it emerging in nature recent decades.Methods:The mixture of Gi and GⅢ JEV isolates was inoculated on human rhabdomyosarcoma(RD).pig kidney epithelial(PS) and Aedes albopictus C6/36 clone(C6/36) which originated from human,porcine and mosquitoes,respectively.Plaque assays were performed to calculate virus titer and real-time RT-PCR with GⅠand GⅢspecific primer sets to quantify the number of GⅠ and GUI RNA copies.Results:The highest virus titer reached at the 3rd day of post infection when G Ⅰand GⅢ mixture was inoculated on RD and PS and that of C636 was at the 4^(th)day.JEVs were amplified and maintained by C6/36 cells after 10 passages whereas that by RD and PS only limited within 8 and 6 passages,respectively.GⅠ strain amplified and maintained more efficiently on C6/36 and PS but not RD.whereas GⅢ strain amplified and maintained more efficiently on RD.Conclusions:There is a correlation between the multiplication efficiency of GⅠ and GⅢ JEV strains when these two genotype strains co-infected on different cell lines with the predominance of GⅠstrains in C6/36 and PS and the limited detection of G 1 strains in RD cells proving a possible mechanism of shift JEV genotypes in nature recent decades since GⅠ emerging.
基金supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NO. 30872097)
文摘Objective To explore metabolic changes after acute hypoxia and modulating effect of vitamins B1, B2, and PP supplementation in mice exposed to acute hypoxia. Methods Fifty male Kunming mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal, acute hypoxia, acute hypoxia with 2, 4 and 8 time- vitamins B1, B2, and PP supplementation . All mice were fed with corresponding diets for two weeks and then were exposed to a simulated altitude of 6 000 meters for 8 h, except for the normal group. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis was used to identify the changes of serum metabolic profiles. Results There were significant changes in some serum metabolites under induced acute hypoxia, essentially relative increase in the concentrations of lactate, sugar and lipids and decrease in ethanol. The serum levels of choline, succinate, taurine, alanine, and glutamine also increased and phosphocholine decreased in the acute hypoxia group. After vitamins B1, B2, and PP supplementation, all these metabolic changes gradually recovered. Conclusion Significant changes in serum metabolic profile were observed by metabolomics in mice exposed to acute hypoxia, and vitamins B1, B2, and PP supplementation proved to be beneficial to improving some metabolic pathways. It is suggested that the dietary intakes of vitamins B1, B2, and PP should be increased under hypoxia condition.
基金Supported by the National High Technology ResearchDevelopment Program of China (863 Program), No.2002AA2Z2011
文摘AIM: To detect the common intestinal pathogenic bacteria quickly and accurately.METHODS: A rapid (＜3 h) experimental procedure was set up based upon the gene chip technology. Target genes were amplified and hybridized by oligonucleotide microarrays.RESULTS: One hundred and seventy strains of bacteria in pure culture belonging to 11 genera were successfully discriminated under comparatively same conditions, and a series of specific hybridization maps corresponding to each kind of bacteria were obtained. When this method was applied to 26 divided cultures, 25 (96.2%) were identified.CONCLUSION: Salmonella sp., Escherichia coli, Shigella sp., Listeria monocytogenes, Vibrio parahaemolyticus,Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus sp., Bacillus cereus,Vibrio cholerae, Enterococcus faecalis, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Campylobacter jejuni can be detected and identified by our microarrays. The accuracy, range,and discrimination power of this assay can be continually improved by adding further oligonucleotides to the arrays without any significant increase of complexity or cost.
基金This research was supported by University of Essen in Germany and Xishan Coal & Power Company
文摘Objective To evaluate the alterations of biomarkers in the development and progression of coal workers’ pneumoconiosis (CWP). Methods The type and number of cells, and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), pulmonary surfactant protein, phospholipids and fibronectin in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were assayed in 14 health active coal miners, 21 coal miners without CWP and 13 miners with CWP of 0/1 to 1/1. Results Compared to active coal miners without CWP (8.23 μg/mL), TNF-α concentration was gradually decreased when dust exposure was stopped (5.90 μg/mL). Elevated surfactant protein A (SP-A) level and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) to phosphatidylinositol (PI) ratio were found in miners actively exposed to coal dust (6528 ng/mL for SP-A and 10. for PG/PI), and both parameters decreased when CWP progressed from CWP (0/1) (3419 μg/mL for SP-A and 5.9 for PG/PI) to CWP (1/1) (1654 μg/mL for SP-A and 5.5 for PG/PI). Conclusion Biomarkers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid can be used to screen coal miners at high risk of developing coal workers’ pneumoconiosis.
文摘A new hapten, aldicarb oxime succinic ester (AOSE), was synthesized for immunoassay of aldicarb. It was conjugated to proteins by active ester method. Polyclonal antibody was raised against AOSE-BSA (bovine serum albumin) conjugate. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) showed that this antiserum had high affinity to aldicarb and can be used for sensitive and selective immunoassay of aldicarb.
基金Supported by National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China(No.2002AA649180)PhD Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China(No.20010055005)
文摘Preparation and characterization of the hapten-protein conjugates are fundamental to developing environmental immunoassays. As a hapten, 1-pyrenebutyric acid(PBA) was conjugated to the carrier protein of bovine serum albumin(BSA) or ovalbumin(OVA) by active ester method. Infrared spectra(IR) showed that PBA-BSA and PBA-OVA conjugates were successfully prepared. The number of the haptens conjugated to the carrier protein was determined by ultraviolet spectra(UV) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF-MS). The calculated average binding ratios of PBA/BSA and PBA/OVA were 18:1 and 10:1 by UV, and 31:1 and 22:1 by MALDI-TOF-MS, respectively. Although there was a discrepancy between the results determined by the two methods, both of them were useful for the characterization of the hapten-protein conjugates. The antibody was produced against the antigen of PBA-BSA, and the affinity was tested by the double agar diffusion method. The conjugates and the antibody could be used for developing a sensitive and selective immunoassay of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs).
基金supported in part by the Erasmus Mundus project MAHEVAthe CNRS-UM1-UM2 PEPS project MoD yCAsupported by the Entomology department, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
文摘Objective: To record the human cases of dengue fever(DF) and investigate the Aedes mosquito species circulating during the Hanoi 2011 DF epidemics. Methods: 24 different outbreak points were recorded in 8 districts between August and December 2011. Results: 140 patients were hospitalized following dengue diagnostic with a predominance of males(59.3%) and the 15-34 age class. Only DENV-1(11.27%) and DENV-2(88.73%) serotypes were detected in human samples. Mosquito sampling performed in and around patients households revealed the predominance of Aedes aegypti(95.15%) versus Aedes albopictus(4.85%). There is a positive correlation between the population density of Aedes aegypti and the number of human cases and duration of outbreaks. Conclusions: This was not observed for Aedes albopictus. 3 pools of Aedes aegypti were positive with dengue virus, two with DENV-1 and one with DENV-2.
基金Supported by A grant from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education,No.216/KBL/12
文摘AIM:To evaluate the effect of nitric oxide(NO)on the development and degree of liver failure in an animal model of acute hepatic failure(AHF).METHODS:An experimental rat model of galactosamine-induced AHF was used.An inhibitor of NO synthase,nitroarginine methyl ester,or an NO donor,arginine,were administered at various doses prior to or after the induction of AHF.RESULTS:All tested groups developed AHF.Following inhibition of the endogenous NO pathway,most liver parameters improved,regardless of the inhibitor dose before the induction of liver damage,and depending on the inhibitor dose after liver damage.Prophylactic administration of the inhibitor was more effective in improving liver function parameters than administration of the inhibitor after liver damage.An attempt to activate the endogenous NO pathway prior to the induction of liver damage did not change the observed liver function parameters.Stimulation of the endogenous NO pathway after liver damage,regardless of the NO donor dose used,improved most liver function parameters.CONCLUSION:The endogenous NO pathway plays an important role in the development of experimental galactosamine-induced AHF.
文摘AIM:To assess clinical and endoscopic response to propionyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride(PLC) in colonic inflammatory bowel disease.METHODS:Patients suffering from mild to moderate ulcerative colitis(UC) or Crohn's disease(CD) colitis,with disease activity index(DAI) between 3 and 10 and under stable therapy with oral aminosalicylates,mercaptopurine or azathioprine,for at least 8 wk prior to baseline assessments,were considered suitable for enrollment.Fourteen patients were enrolled to assume PLC 2 g/d(two active tablets twice daily) orally.Clinical-endoscopic and histological activity were assessed by DAI and histological index(HI),respectively,following a colonoscopy performed immediately before and after 4 wk treatment.Clinical response was defined as a lowering of at least 3 points in DAI and clinical remission as a DAI score ≤ 2.Histological response was defined as an improvement of HI of at least 1 point.We used median values for the analysis.Differences pre-and post-treatment were analyzed by Wilcoxon signed rank test.RESULTS:All patients enrolled completed the study.One patient,despite medical advice,took deflazacort 5 d before follow-up colonoscopy examination.No side effects were reported by patients during the trial.After treatment,71%(SE 12%) of patients achieved clinical response,while 64%(SE 13%) obtained remission.Separating UC from CD patients,we observed a clinical response in 60%(SE 16%) and 100%,respectively.Furthermore 60%(SE 16%) of UC patients and 75%(SE 25%) of CD patients were in clinical remission after therapy.The median DAI was 7 [interquartile range(IQR):4-8] before treatment and decreased to 2(IQR:1-3)(P < 0.01) after treatment.Only patients with UC showed a significant reduction of DAI,from a median 6.5(IQR:4-9) before treatment to 2(IQR:1-3) after treatment(P < 0.01).Conversely,in CD patients,although displaying a clear reduction of DAI from 7(IQR:5.5-7.5) before therapy to 1.5(IQR:0.5-2.5) after therapy,differences observed were not significant(P = 0.06).Seventy-nine percent(SE 11%) of patients showed improvement of HI of at least 1 point,while only one CD and two UC patients showed HI stability;none showed HI worsening.Median HI decreased from 1(IQR:1-2),to 0.5(IQR:0-1) at the endoscopic control in the whole population(P < 0.01),while it changed from 1(IQR:1-2) to 0.5(IQR:0-1) in UC patients(P < 0.01) and from 1.5(IQR:1-2) to 0.5(IQR:0-1) in CD patients(P = not significant).The two sample tests of proportions showed no significant differences in clinical and histological response or in clinical remission between UC and CD patients.No side effects were reported during treatment or at 4 wk follow-up visit.CONCLUSION:PLC improves endoscopic and histological activity of mild to moderate UC.Further studies are required to evaluate PLC efficacy in colonic CD patients.
文摘Objective:To determine the concentration and rate of decay of maternal IgG antibodies against measles prevalence in infants of vaccinated or naturally infected mothers and study initial measles immunization occurs in nine-month-old children.Methods:In total,401 pregnant women and the same number of their subsequent newborns were recruited in the Bavi district of Hanoi in 2016-2017;they were divided into two groups:Older women(born before 1985,n=201)and younger women(born after 1990,n=200).Samples were collected at five time-points;week 36 of pregnancy,birth(cord),and 3,6,and 9 months after birth.Measles-specific IgG antibody levels were recorded.Results:In total,77.06% of the 401 pregnant women were seropositive for measles-specific IgG antibodies.A significantly greater proportion of mothers aged 30 and older(88.06%)and their newborn(93.53%)were seropositive compared to the mothers aged 25 and younger(66.00%),and their newborn(72.00%)(P<0.001).The infants of older mothers had significantly higher geometric mean titres(GMT)of measles IgG antibodies than the infants of younger mothers(P<0.001)at all time-points of the study period.The proportion of measles IgG antibodies together with GMT decreased from 82.97%(506.96)at the age of three months to 23.19%(45.22)at the age of nine months.Conclusions:This study provides a profile of maternal antibodies against measles in Vietnamese infants and investigates the early susceptibility to measles in both the infants of vaccinated mothers and mothers with naturally acquired immunity.These data suggest that determining the appropriate age for measles vaccination is paramount for the elimination of measles in Vietnam.
文摘Objective:To establish a surveillance in Dong Thap,at the border with Cambodia by assessing the presence of DHNV serotypes and CHIKV among patients hospitalized at Dong Thap general hospital.Methods:Cross-sectional descriptive analysis was conducted on a cohort of 131 patients hospitalized with acute fever and symptoms compatible with dengue or chikungunya.The study was conducted from January 2012 to February 2013.The full clinical picture was established as well as serological and molecular detection.Serological analysis was sequentially performed on blood samples collected on admission and an average of seven days after admission.The detection of IgM antibody to DENV was performed by IgM capture ELTSA and the detection of DENV and CHIKV RNA was done by reverse-transcription multiplex PCR.Results:101 patients out of 131(77%) were confirmed with dengue.All four dengue serotypes were detected with a predominance of DENV2 and DENV4.No chikungunya infection was detected although reported in neighboring Cambodia.A differential efficiency of serological dengue detection was observed.Efficiency was 29%upon admission and 53%after seven days on the same patients.30 patients out of 131(23%) were negative with both DENV and CHIKV.Conclusions:Dengue is at risk of being underestimated and chikungunya is not systematically detected.Changes in detection and surveillance procedures are therefore discussed to increase efficiency of dengue detection and continue the monitoring the emergence of CHIKV in Dong Thap province and in Vietnam.
基金This work was supported by the NationalNatural Science Foundation of China(No.30000138)theNatural Science Foundation of Guangdong(No.20011054)
文摘Objective: To analyze the differentially expressed cDNA sequences related to chlorophyllin (CHL) mediated inhibition of malignant transformation of human bronchia1 epithelial cell line (16HBE). Methods: 16HBE cells treated with chlorophyllin and anti-BPDE were conducted as tester, 16HBE cells treated only with anti-BPDE were conducted as driver, and cDNA representational difference analysis (cDNA RDA) was used to compare the differential gene expression between the two kinds of cells. The cDNA fragments were ligated to pGEM-T vector and transformed into JM109 bacteria. The plasmid DNA was sequenced and compared with database in GenBank by BLASTN. Results: Among the 5 cloned cDNA sequences, three were novel and were registered in dbEST database, two showed sequence homology to alpha-enolase and a newly found gene ribosomal protein S18/S6-like. Conclusion: These 5 cDNA sequences might play important roles in antitransforming effect of chlorophyllin.
文摘Aflatoxins are the most popular hepatotoxicants. Chronic exposure to aflatoxins leads to a wide variety ofliver diseases, such as hepatocellular carcinoma. In this study, we analyzed the genome wide expression profiles ofaflatoxin B1-induced rat hepatic epithelial cells. The expression of 325, 184 and 199 special genes was altered whenexposed to 0.03, 0.1 and 0.2 μmol/L aflatoxin B1 respectively, and 239 genes were commonly expressed. After thefunctional analysis on these dose-special genes, we determined several key pathways related to hepatotoxicity, such asTGF-beta signaling pathway, tight junction, adherens junction, the regulation of actin cytoskeleton, ErbB signalingpathway, p53 signaling pathway, pathways in cancer and axon guidance. Common genes were mainly associated withfocal adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction, and cell adhesion molecules. Gene ontology annotations showed a goodconcordance with these pathways. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction（PCR） analysis of selectedgenes showed similar patterns in microarrays. The toxicogenomic study provides a better understanding of molecularmechanisms of aflatoxins.
文摘One kind of novel BLMs was fabricated by patch-clamp pipette technology characterized in considerably sensitive to changes of electrochemical parameters.Detectiye currents and voltage presented linear relationship when BLMs was formed and it could be confirmed by Gramicidin method.Ion current was increased by dihexyl (C_ (12)) modified ssDNA fixed on the BLMs and also indicated linear relationship to ssDNA's concentration due to the interaction of (C_ 12)-ssDNA and BLMs.Further more,the regression equations were different from BLMs fixed with ssDNA probe and a blank control BLM in the same experimental conditions.The ssDNA probe was successfully fixed on patch-clamp pipette supported-BLMs.Based on our studies,a biosensor with reactive element of patch-clamp pipette-supported BLMs has been established.
文摘Photocatalyst of TiO2 bonded active carbon （TiO2/AC）, was prepared via sol-gel method from a mixture of TiO2 sol with active carbon. Post heat treatment was performed at 250 ℃ for 2 h in air and then kept at 400 ℃ to 600 ℃ under a flow of nitrogen for 2 h. The TiO2/AC composites obtained were characterized by SEM, XRD, UV-vis and BET. The photocatalytic activities of the TiO2/AC composites were studied in comparison with TiO2, AC, P-25 and a mixture of TiO2 and AC, respectively. The Ramnant rate of Rhodamine B absorbed by the active carbon is found to be almost 70% and the remnant rates of the Rhodamine B decolorized by TiO2 and the mixture of TiO2 and the active carbon are 30% and 25%, respectively. However, nearly complete removal of Rhodamine B is observed for a TiO2/AC composite after 200 min under UV irradiation, which will take the P-25 commercial product 5 h. Therefore, the TiO2/AC composite is much more effective in decolorization of aqueous Rhodamine B. In addition, the composite can be easily separated from solutions.
文摘Global food security is a major development challenge dictated by state stability, resilience to geopolitical and economic shocks and is linked to health security. Fragile and failed nation-states are at risk of extreme poverty and lead to war and conflict. Fragile states experience, corrupt financial regimes and are influenced by skewed global market systems and reduced equitable market access that decrease food and health security. This qualitative review describes the critical cross sections of food security, the influence of global market systems and state stability and institutions that form the nexus of global health security. We outline how the manipulation of free market systems and decreased state capacity not only decrease food and health security but also contribute to state fragility and failure. Improved public health policy mechanisms, decreased dependence on foreign financial structures and extractive mechanisms are crucial to improving food and health security at present, and to further increase state stability in the future.
文摘Outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus have occurred in Vietnam since 2003. However, how people got avian H5N1 infection in Northern Vietnam is still unclear. We therefore performed a combination of the serologic assays H5N1 ELISA and H5 western blot to detect anti-H5N1 specific antibodies. Sera samples of 149 subjects with suspected H5N1 infection from three provinces of Northern Vietnam were collected from September 2006 to March 2007. Our results indicated that this combinational assay showed high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (95%) when compared with hemagglutinin inhibition (HI) assay. Fifty-one sera samples (34.2%) contained specific antibodies against H5N1 viruses. Poultry raisers (32/77;41.6%) showed higher H5N1 infection rates than slaughterers (12/41;29.3%) and health care workers (7/31;22.6%). Contact history with sick or dead poultry in household or slaughter-house (p < 0.05) and lack of protective equipment use when in contact with dead poultry (p < 0.05) were risk factors found to be associated with H5N1 infection. In this study, we established an alternative serologic assay for H5N1 diagnosis, and we hereby present seroepidemiologic data of H5N1 infection in Northern Vietnam.
文摘Rapid urbanisation brings about increase in air pollution. These emissions are generally linked to the production of energy, to industrial activities and to transport in the densely inhabited areas. Estimating the pollutants quantities released in the air is an important stage in the evaluation of air quality. However, the problem of air pollution in urban areas is a problem in all Algerian cities. Similar to all Algerian big cities, the city of Batna has become a major urban area with an ever increasing fleet of motor vehicles most of which are practically old ones. This state of affairs increases the demand in fuel consumption and undeniably intensifies polluting emissions. As the situation goes, it has become the utmost urgency to wonder about a possible support that may be given to this sector in order to evaluate how air quality is managed in a durable way. The main objective of this study is to assess the quantity of CO2 pollutant known as the most significant greenhouse gas emission from traffic. The approach used is mainly based on a number of assumptions, which allows us to find the amount of 192 g/km/day CO2 released into the urban atmosphere of the city of Batna.
