Glutamine metabolism(GM)plays an important role in tumor growth and proliferation.Skin cutaneous melanoma(SKCM)is a glutamine-dependent cancer.However,the molecular characteristics and action mechanism of GM on SKCM r...Glutamine metabolism(GM)plays an important role in tumor growth and proliferation.Skin cutaneous melanoma(SKCM)is a glutamine-dependent cancer.However,the molecular characteristics and action mechanism of GM on SKCM remain unclear.Therefore,we aimed to explore the effects of GM-related genes on survival,clinicopathological characteristics,and the tumor microenvironment in SKCM.In this study,682 SKCM samples were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)and Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)databases.Consensus clustering was used to classify SKCM samples into distinct subtypes based on 41 GM-related genes.Differences in survival,immune infiltration,clinical characteristics,and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathways as well as differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between subgroups were evaluated.A prognostic model was constructed according to prognostic DEGs.Differential analyses in survival,immune infiltration,tumor microenvironment(TME),tumor mutation burden(TMB),stemness,and drug sensitivity between risk groups were conducted.We identified two distinct GM-related subtypes on SKCM and found that GM-related gene alterations were associated with survival probability,clinical features,biological function,and immune infiltration.Then a risk model based on six DEGs(IL18,SEMA6A,PAEP,TNFRSF17,AIM2,and CXCL10)was constructed and validated for predicting overall survival in SKCM patients.The results showed that the risk score was negatively correlated with CD8+T cells,activated CD4+memory T cells,M1 macrophages,andγδT cells.The group with a low-risk score was accompanied by a better survival rate with higher TME scores and lower stemness index.Moreover,the group with high-and low-risk score had a significant difference with the sensitivity of 75 drugs(p<0.001).Overall,distinct subtypes in SKCM patients based on GM-related genes were identified and the risk model was constructed,which might contribute to prognosis prediction,guide clinical therapy,and develop novel therapeutic strategies.展开更多
Neurotrophins are a family of proteins that support neuronal proliferation, survival, and differentiation in the central and peripheral nervous systems, and are regulators of neuronal plasticity. Nerve growth factor i...Neurotrophins are a family of proteins that support neuronal proliferation, survival, and differentiation in the central and peripheral nervous systems, and are regulators of neuronal plasticity. Nerve growth factor is one of the best-described neurotrophins and has advanced to clinical trials for treatment of ocular and brain diseases due to its trophic and regenerative properties. Prior trials over the past few decades have produced conflicting results, which have principally been ascribed to adverse effects of systemic nerve growth factor administration, together with poor penetrance of the blood-brain barrier that impairs drug delivery. Contrastingly, recent studies have revealed that topical ocular and intranasal nerve growth factor administration are safe and effective, suggesting that topical nerve growth factor delivery is a potential alternative to both systemic and invasive intracerebral delivery. The therapeutic effects of local nerve growth factor delivery have been extensively investigated for different ophthalmic diseases, including neurotrophic keratitis, glaucoma, retinitis pigmentosa, and dry eye disease. Further, promising pharmacologic effects were reported in an optic glioma model, which indicated that topically administered nerve growth factor diffused far beyond where it was topically applied. These findings support the therapeutic potential of delivering topical nerve growth factor preparations intranasally for acquired and degenerative brain disorders. Preliminary clinical findings in both traumatic and non-traumatic acquired brain injuries are encouraging, especially in pediatric patients, and clinical trials are ongoing. The present review will focus on the therapeutic effects of both ocular and intranasal nerve growth factor delivery for diseases of the brain and eye.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the effects of the WWOX gene on the human hepatic carcinoma cell line SMMC-7721. METHODS: Full-length WWOX cDNA was amplified from normal human liver tissues. Full-length cDNA was subcloned into pE...AIM: To investigate the effects of the WWOX gene on the human hepatic carcinoma cell line SMMC-7721. METHODS: Full-length WWOX cDNA was amplified from normal human liver tissues. Full-length cDNA was subcloned into pEGFP-N1, a eukaryotic expression vector. After introduction of the WWOX gene into cancer cells using liposomes, the WWOX protein level in the cells was detected through Western blotting. Cell growth rates were assessed by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) and colony formation assays. Cell cycle progression and cell apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry. The phosphorylated protein kinase B (AKT) and activated fragments of caspase-9 and caspase-3 were examined by Western blotting analysis. RESULTS: WWOX significantly inhibited cell proliferation, as evaluated by the MTT and colony formation assays. Cells transfected with WWOX showed significantly higher apoptosis ratios when compared with cells transfected with a mock plasmid, and overexpression of WWOX delayed cell cycle progression from G1 to S phase, as measured by flow cytometry. An increase in apoptosis was also indicated by a remarkable activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 and a dephosphorylation of AKT (Thr308 and Ser473) measured with Western blotting analysis. CONCLUSION: Overexpression of WWOX induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation of the human hepatic carcinoma cell line SMMC-7721.展开更多
AIM: To meta-analyze published data about the diagnostic accuracy of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose(18F-FDG) positron emission tomography(PET) and PET/computed tomography(PET/CT) in the evaluation of primary tumor in ...AIM: To meta-analyze published data about the diagnostic accuracy of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose(18F-FDG) positron emission tomography(PET) and PET/computed tomography(PET/CT) in the evaluation of primary tumor in patients with gallbladder cancer(GBCa).METHODS: A comprehensive literature search of studies published through 30 th June 2014 regarding the role of 18F-FDG PET and PET/CT in the evaluation of primary gallbladder cancer(GBCa) was performed. All retrieved studies were reviewed. Pooled sensitivity and specificity of 18F-FDG PET or PET/CT in the evaluation of primary GBCa were calculated. The area under the summary receiving operator characteristics curve(AUC) was calculated to measure the accuracy of these methods. Sub-analyses considering the device used(PET vs PET/CT) were carried out.RESULTS: Twenty-one studies comprising 495 patients who underwent 18F-FDG PET or PET/CT for suspicious GBCa were selected for the systematic review. The meta-analysis of 13 selected studies provided the following results: sensitivity 87%(95%CI: 82%-92%),specificity 78%(95%CI: 68%-86%). The AUC was 0.88. Improvement of sensitivity and specificity was observed when PET/CT was used.CONCLUSION: 18F-FDG-PET and PET/CT demonstrated to be useful diagnostic imaging methods in the assessment of primary tumor in GBCa patients,nevertheless possible sources of false-negative and false-positive results should be kept in mind. PET/CT seems to have a better diagnostic accuracy than PET alone in this setting.展开更多
A competitive indirect time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay(TRFIA) was developed for detection of zearalenone(ZEN) in cereals,in which ZEN conjugated to bovine serum albumin(BSA) is used as solid-phase antigen.A competitiv...A competitive indirect time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay(TRFIA) was developed for detection of zearalenone(ZEN) in cereals,in which ZEN conjugated to bovine serum albumin(BSA) is used as solid-phase antigen.A competitive indirect TRFIA was conducted by simultaneously incubating ZEN in standard or extracted samples with anti-ZEN monoclonal antibody over ZEN-BSA coated plates,and then determining the bound ZEN monoclonal antibody with goat anti-mouse europium conjugate.Samples were extracted with methanol/water(70:30,v/v),then was subject directly for TRFIA without any clean-up procedure.The sensitivity of this method was 0.2 ng/ml.The measuring range of the ZEN-TRFIA was 0.2-200 ng/ml.The mean within-assay and between-assay coefficients variation of standard curve were both less than 10%.The recoveries of spiked cereals samples ranged from 76%-132%.10 corn and 6 wheat corn samples were tested,ZEN values obtained by this method agreed well with those obtained by commercial ELISA kit.It was concluded that this new method is suitable for rapid screening of ZEN in corn and wheat.展开更多
A novel zoledronic acid derivative,1-hydroxy-2-(2-propyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethane-1,1-diyldiphosphonic acid (PIDP), was synthesized by three-step reactions from 2-propyl-1H-imidazole. It was labeled with 99Tcm in condi...A novel zoledronic acid derivative,1-hydroxy-2-(2-propyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethane-1,1-diyldiphosphonic acid (PIDP), was synthesized by three-step reactions from 2-propyl-1H-imidazole. It was labeled with 99Tcm in conditions of 0.1 mg SnCl2.2H2O at pH 6.0 and 99TcmO4? in aqueous solution for 20 min at room temperature. The labeling yield and radiochemical purity of 99Tcm-PIDP are both higher than 95%. The biodistribution results show that the bone uptake is up to 8.47% ID/g which is the maximum of bone uptake at 30 min after injection of 99Tcm-PIDP in mice. The pharmacokinetic parameters can be estimated from the exponential equation of C=59.565e-11.307t+2.069e-1.211t. The clear bone image of rabbit was obtained at 120 min after injection of 99Tcm-PIDP. The results indicate that 99Tcm-PIDP has highly selective uptake in the skeletal and low uptake, rapid clearance in soft tissues, so it would be a potential novel bone imaging agent.展开更多
Purpose: The main objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of air gaps of 0 - 5.0 cm between bolus and skin for 1.0 cm Superflab bolus on surface dose (DSurf) and depth of maximum dose (dmax) in solid water a...Purpose: The main objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of air gaps of 0 - 5.0 cm between bolus and skin for 1.0 cm Superflab bolus on surface dose (DSurf) and depth of maximum dose (dmax) in solid water and Rando? phantoms. Methods: In this work, the effects of bolus to surface distance on DSurf and variation in dmax were analyzed in a solid water phantom and in an anthropomorphic Rando? phantom for different field sizes, using Gafchromic? EBT films and farmer chamber. Results: For field sizes of 5 × 5 cm2 the DSurf is significantly affected by increasing air gaps greater than 5 mm. For field sizes larger than 10 × 10 cm2, DSurf is nearly the same for air gaps of 0 - 5.0 cm. For small fields and 6 MV photon beam, dmax increases with increasing air gap, while for 10 MV beam and smaller field sizes (i.e. 5 × 5 and 10 × 10 cm2) the dmax first decreases and then increases with the air gaps. For both 3DCRT and IMRT plans on Rando?, DSurf reduction is more prominent with increasing air gaps. Conclusion: For field sizes larger than 10 × 10 cm2 DSurf is largely unaffected by air gaps. However, smaller air gap results in shallower dmax for both 6 MV and 10 MV photon beams at all fields sizes. Special consideration should be taken to reduce air gaps between bolus and skin for field sizes smaller than 10 × 10 cm2 or when surface contour variations are greater or when the bolus covers small area and at the border of the field.展开更多
The present study explored the 18-kDa translocator protein radioligand ^(18)F-PBR06 as a PET imaging biomarker for diagnosis of inflammation and compared it with ^(18)F-FDG for differentiation of inflammation and lung...The present study explored the 18-kDa translocator protein radioligand ^(18)F-PBR06 as a PET imaging biomarker for diagnosis of inflammation and compared it with ^(18)F-FDG for differentiation of inflammation and lung tumors in animals.^(18)F-PBR06 was synthesized with an average decay-corrected radiochemical yield of 30–40%(end of synthesis, EOS), and the radiochemical purity was greater than 99%. The inflammation-to-blood ratio of ^(18)FPBR06(3.53 ± 0.26) was higher than the tumor-to-blood ratio(1.77 ± 0.35)(P \ 0.001). The inflammation-tomuscle ratio of ^(18)F-PBR06(2.33 ± 0.64) was also higher than the tumor-to-muscle ratio(1.45 ± 0.14)(P = 0.036).Micro-PET/CT images showed high uptake of ^(18)F-FDG in both inflamed muscles and lung tumor tissues. However,^(18)F-PBR06 uptake in inflamed muscles remained higher than that in the lung tumor tissues, following 90 min of dynamic Micro-PET/CT imaging. Further, macrophages in the inflammatory regions showed a higher fluorescence signal than in lung tumor tissues. Results of the study confirmed that ^(18)F-PBR06 PET/CT imaging allowed for diagnosis of inflammation. Moreover,^(18)F-PBR06 uptake in the inflammatory regions was significantly higher than in lung tumor tissues, suggesting that ^(18)F-PBR06 PET/CT imaging has potential to differentiate between peripheral lung cancer and inflammation nodules.展开更多
Background: Positron emission tomography(PET) imaging is a non-invasive functional imaging method used to reflect tumor spatial information, and to provide biological characteristics of tumor progression. The aim of t...Background: Positron emission tomography(PET) imaging is a non-invasive functional imaging method used to reflect tumor spatial information, and to provide biological characteristics of tumor progression. The aim of this study was to focus on the application of 18 F-fluoromisonidazole(FMISO) PET quantitative parameter of maximum standardized uptake value(SUVmax) ratio to detect the liver metastatic potential of human colorectal cancer(CRC) in mice. Methods: Colorectal liver metastases(CRLM) xenograft models were established by injecting tumor cells(LoVo, HT29 and HCT116) into spleen of mice, tumor-bearing xenograft models were established by subcutaneously injecting tumor cells in the right left flank of mice. Wound healing assays were performed to examine the ability of cell migration in vitro. ^(18)F-FMISO uptake in CRC cell lines was measured by cellular uptake assay. ^(18)F-FMISO-based micro-PET imaging of CRLM and tumor-bearing mice was performed and quantified by tumor-to-liver SUVmax ratio. The correlation between the ^(18)F-FMISO SUVmax ratio, liver metastases number, hypoxia-induced factor 1 α(HIF-1 α) and serum starvation-induced glucose transporter 1(GLUT-1) was evaluated using Pearson correlation analysis. Results: Compared with HT29 and HCT116, LoVo-CRLM mice had significantly higher liver metastases ratio and shorter median survival time. LoVo cells exhibited stronger migration capacity and higher radiotracer uptake compared with HT29 and HCT116 in in vitro. Moreover, ^(18)F-FMISO SUVmax ratio was significantly higher in both LoVo-CRLM model and LoVo-bearing tumor model compared to models established using HT29 and HCT116. In addition, Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant correlation between ^(18)F-FMISO SUVmax ratio of CRLM mice and number of liver metastases larger than 0.5 cm, as well as between ^(18)F-FMISO SUVmax ratio and HIF-1 α or GLUT-1 expression in tumor-bearing tissues. Conclusions: ^(18)F-FMISO parameter of SUVmax ratio may provide useful tumor biological information in mice with CRLM, thus allowing for better prediction of CRLM and yielding useful radioactive markers for predicting liver metastasis potential in CRC.展开更多
Asialoglycoprotein receptor(ASGP-R)is a hepatic membrane receptor that uniquely exists on the surface of mammalian hepatocytes,and has been used as target of liver functional imaging agents for many years.We labeled t...Asialoglycoprotein receptor(ASGP-R)is a hepatic membrane receptor that uniquely exists on the surface of mammalian hepatocytes,and has been used as target of liver functional imaging agents for many years.We labeled the Galactosyl-neoglycoalbumin(NGA)with 18F to get a PET molecular probe 18F-FB-NGA and evaluated its ability as a liver functional PET imaging agent.The 18F-FB-NGA was prepared with NGA by conjugation with Nsuccinimidyl-4-18F-fluorobenzoate(18F-SFB)and purified with PD-10 desalting column.The radiolabeling yield and radiochemical purity of 18F-FB-NGA were determined by radio-HPLC.Starting with 18F-F–,the total time for 18F-FB-NGA was about 120±10 min.The decay-corrected radiochemical yield is about 25–30%.The radiochemical purity of purified 18F-FB-NGA was more than 98%.Labeled with 185–1850 MBq 18F-SFB,the specific activity of 18F-FBNGA was estimated to be 7.83–78.3 TBq/mmol.Biodistribution of 18F-FB-NGA in normal mice was investigated after injection through the tail vein.The results showed that the liver accumulated 39.47±3.42 and 12.12±6.11%ID/g at 10 and 30 min after injection,respectively.Dynamic MicroPET images in mice were acquired with and without block after injection of the radiotracer,respectively.High liver activity accumulation was observed at 5 min after injection in normal group.On the contrary,the liver accumulation was significantly lower after block,indicating the specific binding to ASGP-R.18F-FB-NGA is probably a potential PET liver imaging agent.展开更多
99mTc-HMIBP, a new bone-imaging agent, was prepared by the reduction of 99mTc-pertechnetate in the presence of SnCl2?2H2O. The effects of the amounts of SnCl2?2H2O and HMIBP and the pH value on the labeling yield and ...99mTc-HMIBP, a new bone-imaging agent, was prepared by the reduction of 99mTc-pertechnetate in the presence of SnCl2?2H2O. The effects of the amounts of SnCl2?2H2O and HMIBP and the pH value on the labeling yield and radiochemical purity of 99mTc-HMIBP were investigated. When the amounts of SnCl2?2H2O and HMIBP were more than 10 μg and 2.5 mg, respectively, the pH value was between 2 and 7, and the labeling reaction contin- ued for 10 min, both labeling yield and radiochemical purity of 99mTc-HMIBP were more than 90%. The biodistribu- tion in rats and bone scan in rabbits were also studied. The results showed that the bone uptake is up to 7.94%ID/g at 30 min after injection of 99mTc-HMIBP, bone-to-muscle and bone-to-blood uptake ratios were 20.89 and 16.89, re- spectively. The clear bone image was obtained at 120 min after injection of 99mTc-HMIBP and clearance in soft tissue was visible. All of the above-mentioned results suggested that 99mTc-HMIBP may be a potential bone-imaging agent.展开更多
Background:Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is a non-invasive method to visualize and quantify the tumor microenvironment.This study aimed to explore the feasibility of ^(18)F-AIF-NOTA-E[PEG_(4-c)(RGDfk)]_(2...Background:Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is a non-invasive method to visualize and quantify the tumor microenvironment.This study aimed to explore the feasibility of ^(18)F-AIF-NOTA-E[PEG_(4-c)(RGDfk)]_(2) (denoted as ^(18)F-RGD) PET quantitative parameters to distinguish the angiogenesis in colorectal cancer (CRC) mice which has different metastatic potential.Methods:Twenty Lo Vo and twenty LS174T of CRC liver metastases animal models were established by implantation of human CRC cell lines via intrasplenic injection.Radiotracer-based micro-PET imaging of animal model was performed and the uptake of ^(18)F-RGD tracer in the tumor tissues was quantified as tumor-to-liver maximum or mean standardized uptake value (SUVmax or SUVmean) ratio.Pearson correlation was used to analyze the relationship between radioactive parameters and tumor markers.Results:The SUVmax and SUVmean ratios of Lo Vo model were significantly higher than those of LS174T in both liver metastasis and primary tumor lesions (P<0.05).A significant difference was observed in both vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Ki67 expressions between Lo Vo and LS174T primary tumors (P<0.05).The tumor-to-liver SUVmax or SUVmean ratio of ^(18)F-RGD showed a moderate correlation with VEGF expression (r=0.5700,P=0.001 and r=0.6657,P<0.001,respectively),but the SUVmean ration showed a weak correlation with Ki67 expression (r=0.3706,P<0.05).The areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of ^(18)F-RGD SUVmean ratio,SUVmax ratio for differentiating Lo Vo from LS174T tumor were 0.801 and 0.759,respectively.Conclusions:The tumor-to-liver SUVmean ratio of ^(18)F-RGD was a promising image parameter for the process of monitoring tumor angiogenesis in CRC xenograft mice model.展开更多
Quality control of Gamma Camera with SPECT System is highly valuable for assurance performance characteristic. We report the performance characteristic of gamma camera by intrinsic calibration and verification measure...Quality control of Gamma Camera with SPECT System is highly valuable for assurance performance characteristic. We report the performance characteristic of gamma camera by intrinsic calibration and verification measurement. The study has been done using the data from Siemens Symbia S Series gamma camera by using a point source 99mTc at the Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences (INMAS), Khulna, Bangladesh. From intrinsic calibration and verification flood series, the integral uniformity for the central field of view (CFOV) has been found in between 4.01% and 2.88% and for the useful field of view (UFOV) has been in between 4.77% and 4.30%. The differential uniformity for the CFOV has been in between 1.53% and 2.04% and for the UFOV has been in between 2.32% and 2.77%. According to Operating Instruction Symbia System S Series manual, uniformity can compensate for values exceeding 10%, however while integral uniformity exceed 7%, have to contract Siemens customer service representative. In conclusion, these results show that the intrinsic uniformity of the gamma camera under this condition is within an acceptable range;thus the gamma camera working in INMAS is performed well.展开更多
Pancreatic cancer(PC) is a major health problem. Conventional imaging modalities show limited accuracy for reliable assessment of the tumor. Recent researches suggest that molecular imaging techniques with tracers pro...Pancreatic cancer(PC) is a major health problem. Conventional imaging modalities show limited accuracy for reliable assessment of the tumor. Recent researches suggest that molecular imaging techniques with tracers provide more biologically relevant information and are benefit for the diagnosis of the cancer. In addition,radiopharmaceuticals also play more important roles in treatment of the disease. This review summaries the advancement of the radiolabeled compounds in the theranostics of PC.展开更多
Eu-chelate were used to construct a two-site sandwich-type assay for pepsinogen I (PGI) with time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TRFIA) as a detection technique. On the noncompetitive assay, captured monoclonal antibodie...Eu-chelate were used to construct a two-site sandwich-type assay for pepsinogen I (PGI) with time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TRFIA) as a detection technique. On the noncompetitive assay, captured monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) coated on wells were directed against a specific antigenic site on the PGI. Another McAbs, called as labeling McAbs, were prepared with the Eu-chelate of N-(p-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-diethylenetriamine-N,N,N,N-tetraacetic acid and directed against a different antigenic site on the PGI. The fluorescence counts of bound Eu 3+-McAbs were measured with the auto DELFIA_ 1235 system. The PGI in sera from healthy volunteers were determined by PGI-TRFIA. The within-run and between-run CVs of the PGI-TRFIA were 1.9% and 4.7%, respectively, and the recovery rate was 102.65%. The assay had a detection limit of 0.05 μg·L -1. The PGI-TRFIA provided a linear response from 3.5 to 328 μg·L -1. The cross-reacting rate with pepsinogen II was negligible. The linear correlation of PGI-TRFIA and radioimmunassay measurements resulted in a correlation coefficient of 0.977. The means of healthy volunteers were 154±43 μg·L -1 for serum PGI. The availability of a highly sensitive, reliable, and convenient method for quantifying PGI will allow investigations into the possible diagnostic value of this analyte in various clinical conditions, including gastric carcinoma, duodenal ulcer, gastritis and severe atrophic gastritis.展开更多
Technetium-99m-labeled-5-{2-sulfanylethyl-[2-(2-sulfanylethylamino)acetyl]amino}-methyl-2′-deoxy- uridine (99mTc-ANMdU) was reported. The precursor ANMdU was synthesized by six-step reactions and all intermediates we...Technetium-99m-labeled-5-{2-sulfanylethyl-[2-(2-sulfanylethylamino)acetyl]amino}-methyl-2′-deoxy- uridine (99mTc-ANMdU) was reported. The precursor ANMdU was synthesized by six-step reactions and all intermediates were verified with MS and 1HNMR. Using SnCl2 as reducing agent, a labeling reaction was carried out at 100°C for 30 min. The radiochemical purity of the 99mTc-ANMdU was 96.68%. Partition coefficients were 0.92 and 0.70 at pH 7.0 and 7.4 of the phosphate buffer saline, respectively. Biodistribution of 99mTc-ANMdU in normal mice showed that the initial uptake of 99mTc-ANMdU in vivo and the clearance was rapid.展开更多
TADP, 2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid, was synthesized by three step reactions from the raw material 1H-1,2,4-triazole. Tcm-TADP was prepared with 5 mg TADP at pH 7.0 by joining 99 99Tc...TADP, 2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid, was synthesized by three step reactions from the raw material 1H-1,2,4-triazole. Tcm-TADP was prepared with 5 mg TADP at pH 7.0 by joining 99 99TcmO4 with SnCl2·2H2O in aqueous solution for 10 min at room temperature. Both labeling yield and radiochemical - purity of Tcm-TADP were more than 95%. The biodistribution in rats and bone scan in rabbits were also studied. The 99 uptake of organ was expressed as %ID/g. The results showed that the bone uptake is up to 17.17%ID/g which is the maximum of bone uptake at 30 min after injection of Tcm-TADP in rats, bone-to-muscle and bone-to-blood uptake 99 ratios were 61.32 and 13.21, respectively. The clear bone image of rabbit was obtained at 120 min after injection of 99Tcm-TADP and clearance in soft tissue was visible. The preparation of 99Tcm-TADP was convenient and 99Tcm-TADP exhibited high uptake in bone, and it would be a potential new bone imaging agent.展开更多
Small radiation fields are abundantly used in modern radiotherapy techniques like in IMRT and SRS. In order to commission these techniques, dosimetric data for small fields is required. The purpose of this study is to...Small radiation fields are abundantly used in modern radiotherapy techniques like in IMRT and SRS. In order to commission these techniques, dosimetric data for small fields is required. The purpose of this study is to compare dosimetric measurements with two different ion chambers cc13, and cc01 for smaller fields. Dosimetric measurements are beam profile, output factor, pdds, and collimator factor. Dosimetric data is acquired in water phantom for two different photon beam energies 6 MV and 15 MV with zero gantry angle. In beam profiles cc13 chamber, measure wider penumbra as compare to cc01. And this wider measurement of penumbra occurs for smaller as well as for larger field sizes. Accumulated relative error in the measurement of penumbra for number of field sizes and 6 MV at dmax, and at 10 cm depth are 34.32% and 27.72% respectively. Accumulated relative error in the measurement of penumbra for number of field sizes and 15 MV at dmax, and at 10 cm depth are 28.49% and 23.92%. In case of output factor for smaller fields cc13 underestimates the output factor relative to cc01, with non-linear increase for smaller fields. But for larger fields, this increase in output factor is almost linear difference of two chambers is decreased. For very smaller fields × 2 cm, relative error in output factor of cc13 and cc01 is greater than 5% and rapidly increases with decreasing field size. But for lager fields, this relative error is negligible. In measurement of pdds after the buildup region difference occurs in the response of two chambers cc13 and cc01 for smaller fields. For field sizes ≤2 cm × 2 cm average cc13-cc01 at various depths 30 cm, 40 cm, 50 cm, 60 cm, 70 cm, and 80 cm is almost greater than 0.5 cm. And similarly as output factor, this difference (cc13-cc01) increases with field size decreasing.展开更多
The interleukin-11(IL-11)and the IL-11 receptorα-subunit(IL-11Rα)have been demonstrated to regulate the invasion and proliferation of tumor cells.Our study intends to evaluate a noninvasive imaging of IL-11Rαexpres...The interleukin-11(IL-11)and the IL-11 receptorα-subunit(IL-11Rα)have been demonstrated to regulate the invasion and proliferation of tumor cells.Our study intends to evaluate a noninvasive imaging of IL-11Rαexpression in breast tumors using near-infrared(NIR)fluorescent dye Cy7-labeled IL-11 mimic peptide CGRRAGGSC.This work evaluated the IL-11Rαexpression of breast tumor cells and the binding status of this peptide to IL-11Rαin vitro and in vivo by using Western blotting,immunofluorescence staining and near-infrared fluorescence imaging.Our biochemical study showed that IL-11Rαwas overexpressed in breast tumor cells(MCF-7).The cell-binding assay demonstrated specific binding of peptide CGRRAGGSC to MCF-7 cells in vitro.In vivo imaging results showed that NIR fluorescent signals of Cy7-CGRRAGGSC were selectively accumulated in tumor and metabolic organs.While in the blocking experiment,free CGRRAGGSC obviously blocked the concentration of the Cy7-CGRRAGGSC in the tumors.These results suggested that IL-11Rαmay be used as a potential target for noninvasive imaging in IL-11Rαoverexpressed tumors.Furthermore,the imaging agent of near-infrared fluorescent dye Cy7-labeled CGRRAGGSC is suitable for IL-11Rαexpression imaging study in vivo.展开更多
The 4,5-dioxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo(2,3-f)quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid 2-ethyl ester 7,9-dimethyl ester (PQQE) was synthesized on the basis of Pyrroloquinoline quinine (PQQ). 99m Tc-PQQE was prepared using stan...The 4,5-dioxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo(2,3-f)quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid 2-ethyl ester 7,9-dimethyl ester (PQQE) was synthesized on the basis of Pyrroloquinoline quinine (PQQ). 99m Tc-PQQE was prepared using stannous fluoride (SnF 2 ) as reducing agent. Biological characteristics of 99m Tc-PQQE include lipophilic and the charge properties were compared to 99m Tc-PQQ. The biodistributions of 99m Tc-PQQE in mice and brain regional distribution were performed. In vivo distribution of 99m Tc-PQQE in mice indicates that the concentration ratio of drug and blood increases steadily over time. The major radioactivity may be metabolized by the hepatic and renal system. The elimination-phase half-time (t1/2β) results indicate that the residence time of 99m Tc-PQQE (203.92) in the body is twice as long as 99m Tc-PQQ (100.45). The uptake of 99m Tc-PQQE in brain was improved due to the ameliorating of charge and lipophilicity. The highest total regional brain uptake of 99m Tc-PQQE was in the frontal lobe and hippocampus, where the NMDA receptor is very abundant. 99m Tc-PQQE had a good target to nontarget ratio (hippocampus/cerebellum) which preserved a higher value (peak 4.0 at 120 min) from 60 min to 180 min after injection. In vitro autoradiographic results are in close agreement with the regional brain map. The enrichment can be blocked by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) redox modulatory site antagonists-ebselen (EB). This work suggests that 99m Tc-PQQE has some specific targeting to the NMDA receptor.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Number[No.82071956])and the Clinical Research Plan of Shanghai Hospital Development Center(Grant Number[No.2020CR4065]).
文摘Glutamine metabolism(GM)plays an important role in tumor growth and proliferation.Skin cutaneous melanoma(SKCM)is a glutamine-dependent cancer.However,the molecular characteristics and action mechanism of GM on SKCM remain unclear.Therefore,we aimed to explore the effects of GM-related genes on survival,clinicopathological characteristics,and the tumor microenvironment in SKCM.In this study,682 SKCM samples were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)and Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)databases.Consensus clustering was used to classify SKCM samples into distinct subtypes based on 41 GM-related genes.Differences in survival,immune infiltration,clinical characteristics,and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathways as well as differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between subgroups were evaluated.A prognostic model was constructed according to prognostic DEGs.Differential analyses in survival,immune infiltration,tumor microenvironment(TME),tumor mutation burden(TMB),stemness,and drug sensitivity between risk groups were conducted.We identified two distinct GM-related subtypes on SKCM and found that GM-related gene alterations were associated with survival probability,clinical features,biological function,and immune infiltration.Then a risk model based on six DEGs(IL18,SEMA6A,PAEP,TNFRSF17,AIM2,and CXCL10)was constructed and validated for predicting overall survival in SKCM patients.The results showed that the risk score was negatively correlated with CD8+T cells,activated CD4+memory T cells,M1 macrophages,andγδT cells.The group with a low-risk score was accompanied by a better survival rate with higher TME scores and lower stemness index.Moreover,the group with high-and low-risk score had a significant difference with the sensitivity of 75 drugs(p<0.001).Overall,distinct subtypes in SKCM patients based on GM-related genes were identified and the risk model was constructed,which might contribute to prognosis prediction,guide clinical therapy,and develop novel therapeutic strategies.
文摘Neurotrophins are a family of proteins that support neuronal proliferation, survival, and differentiation in the central and peripheral nervous systems, and are regulators of neuronal plasticity. Nerve growth factor is one of the best-described neurotrophins and has advanced to clinical trials for treatment of ocular and brain diseases due to its trophic and regenerative properties. Prior trials over the past few decades have produced conflicting results, which have principally been ascribed to adverse effects of systemic nerve growth factor administration, together with poor penetrance of the blood-brain barrier that impairs drug delivery. Contrastingly, recent studies have revealed that topical ocular and intranasal nerve growth factor administration are safe and effective, suggesting that topical nerve growth factor delivery is a potential alternative to both systemic and invasive intracerebral delivery. The therapeutic effects of local nerve growth factor delivery have been extensively investigated for different ophthalmic diseases, including neurotrophic keratitis, glaucoma, retinitis pigmentosa, and dry eye disease. Further, promising pharmacologic effects were reported in an optic glioma model, which indicated that topically administered nerve growth factor diffused far beyond where it was topically applied. These findings support the therapeutic potential of delivering topical nerve growth factor preparations intranasally for acquired and degenerative brain disorders. Preliminary clinical findings in both traumatic and non-traumatic acquired brain injuries are encouraging, especially in pediatric patients, and clinical trials are ongoing. The present review will focus on the therapeutic effects of both ocular and intranasal nerve growth factor delivery for diseases of the brain and eye.
文摘AIM: To investigate the effects of the WWOX gene on the human hepatic carcinoma cell line SMMC-7721. METHODS: Full-length WWOX cDNA was amplified from normal human liver tissues. Full-length cDNA was subcloned into pEGFP-N1, a eukaryotic expression vector. After introduction of the WWOX gene into cancer cells using liposomes, the WWOX protein level in the cells was detected through Western blotting. Cell growth rates were assessed by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) and colony formation assays. Cell cycle progression and cell apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry. The phosphorylated protein kinase B (AKT) and activated fragments of caspase-9 and caspase-3 were examined by Western blotting analysis. RESULTS: WWOX significantly inhibited cell proliferation, as evaluated by the MTT and colony formation assays. Cells transfected with WWOX showed significantly higher apoptosis ratios when compared with cells transfected with a mock plasmid, and overexpression of WWOX delayed cell cycle progression from G1 to S phase, as measured by flow cytometry. An increase in apoptosis was also indicated by a remarkable activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 and a dephosphorylation of AKT (Thr308 and Ser473) measured with Western blotting analysis. CONCLUSION: Overexpression of WWOX induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation of the human hepatic carcinoma cell line SMMC-7721.
文摘AIM: To meta-analyze published data about the diagnostic accuracy of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose(18F-FDG) positron emission tomography(PET) and PET/computed tomography(PET/CT) in the evaluation of primary tumor in patients with gallbladder cancer(GBCa).METHODS: A comprehensive literature search of studies published through 30 th June 2014 regarding the role of 18F-FDG PET and PET/CT in the evaluation of primary gallbladder cancer(GBCa) was performed. All retrieved studies were reviewed. Pooled sensitivity and specificity of 18F-FDG PET or PET/CT in the evaluation of primary GBCa were calculated. The area under the summary receiving operator characteristics curve(AUC) was calculated to measure the accuracy of these methods. Sub-analyses considering the device used(PET vs PET/CT) were carried out.RESULTS: Twenty-one studies comprising 495 patients who underwent 18F-FDG PET or PET/CT for suspicious GBCa were selected for the systematic review. The meta-analysis of 13 selected studies provided the following results: sensitivity 87%(95%CI: 82%-92%),specificity 78%(95%CI: 68%-86%). The AUC was 0.88. Improvement of sensitivity and specificity was observed when PET/CT was used.CONCLUSION: 18F-FDG-PET and PET/CT demonstrated to be useful diagnostic imaging methods in the assessment of primary tumor in GBCa patients,nevertheless possible sources of false-negative and false-positive results should be kept in mind. PET/CT seems to have a better diagnostic accuracy than PET alone in this setting.
基金supported by the Innovation Fund for Technology Based Firms (06C26213201075)National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (2008AA102415)
文摘A competitive indirect time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay(TRFIA) was developed for detection of zearalenone(ZEN) in cereals,in which ZEN conjugated to bovine serum albumin(BSA) is used as solid-phase antigen.A competitive indirect TRFIA was conducted by simultaneously incubating ZEN in standard or extracted samples with anti-ZEN monoclonal antibody over ZEN-BSA coated plates,and then determining the bound ZEN monoclonal antibody with goat anti-mouse europium conjugate.Samples were extracted with methanol/water(70:30,v/v),then was subject directly for TRFIA without any clean-up procedure.The sensitivity of this method was 0.2 ng/ml.The measuring range of the ZEN-TRFIA was 0.2-200 ng/ml.The mean within-assay and between-assay coefficients variation of standard curve were both less than 10%.The recoveries of spiked cereals samples ranged from 76%-132%.10 corn and 6 wheat corn samples were tested,ZEN values obtained by this method agreed well with those obtained by commercial ELISA kit.It was concluded that this new method is suitable for rapid screening of ZEN in corn and wheat.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.20801024)Wu Jieping Medical Found(No.32067500615)
文摘A novel zoledronic acid derivative,1-hydroxy-2-(2-propyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethane-1,1-diyldiphosphonic acid (PIDP), was synthesized by three-step reactions from 2-propyl-1H-imidazole. It was labeled with 99Tcm in conditions of 0.1 mg SnCl2.2H2O at pH 6.0 and 99TcmO4? in aqueous solution for 20 min at room temperature. The labeling yield and radiochemical purity of 99Tcm-PIDP are both higher than 95%. The biodistribution results show that the bone uptake is up to 8.47% ID/g which is the maximum of bone uptake at 30 min after injection of 99Tcm-PIDP in mice. The pharmacokinetic parameters can be estimated from the exponential equation of C=59.565e-11.307t+2.069e-1.211t. The clear bone image of rabbit was obtained at 120 min after injection of 99Tcm-PIDP. The results indicate that 99Tcm-PIDP has highly selective uptake in the skeletal and low uptake, rapid clearance in soft tissues, so it would be a potential novel bone imaging agent.
文摘Purpose: The main objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of air gaps of 0 - 5.0 cm between bolus and skin for 1.0 cm Superflab bolus on surface dose (DSurf) and depth of maximum dose (dmax) in solid water and Rando? phantoms. Methods: In this work, the effects of bolus to surface distance on DSurf and variation in dmax were analyzed in a solid water phantom and in an anthropomorphic Rando? phantom for different field sizes, using Gafchromic? EBT films and farmer chamber. Results: For field sizes of 5 × 5 cm2 the DSurf is significantly affected by increasing air gaps greater than 5 mm. For field sizes larger than 10 × 10 cm2, DSurf is nearly the same for air gaps of 0 - 5.0 cm. For small fields and 6 MV photon beam, dmax increases with increasing air gap, while for 10 MV beam and smaller field sizes (i.e. 5 × 5 and 10 × 10 cm2) the dmax first decreases and then increases with the air gaps. For both 3DCRT and IMRT plans on Rando?, DSurf reduction is more prominent with increasing air gaps. Conclusion: For field sizes larger than 10 × 10 cm2 DSurf is largely unaffected by air gaps. However, smaller air gap results in shallower dmax for both 6 MV and 10 MV photon beams at all fields sizes. Special consideration should be taken to reduce air gaps between bolus and skin for field sizes smaller than 10 × 10 cm2 or when surface contour variations are greater or when the bolus covers small area and at the border of the field.
基金funded in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11875114,81471706,and 81871407)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.16410722700)sponsored by the Shanghai Sailing Program(No.17YF1417400)
文摘The present study explored the 18-kDa translocator protein radioligand ^(18)F-PBR06 as a PET imaging biomarker for diagnosis of inflammation and compared it with ^(18)F-FDG for differentiation of inflammation and lung tumors in animals.^(18)F-PBR06 was synthesized with an average decay-corrected radiochemical yield of 30–40%(end of synthesis, EOS), and the radiochemical purity was greater than 99%. The inflammation-to-blood ratio of ^(18)FPBR06(3.53 ± 0.26) was higher than the tumor-to-blood ratio(1.77 ± 0.35)(P \ 0.001). The inflammation-tomuscle ratio of ^(18)F-PBR06(2.33 ± 0.64) was also higher than the tumor-to-muscle ratio(1.45 ± 0.14)(P = 0.036).Micro-PET/CT images showed high uptake of ^(18)F-FDG in both inflamed muscles and lung tumor tissues. However,^(18)F-PBR06 uptake in inflamed muscles remained higher than that in the lung tumor tissues, following 90 min of dynamic Micro-PET/CT imaging. Further, macrophages in the inflammatory regions showed a higher fluorescence signal than in lung tumor tissues. Results of the study confirmed that ^(18)F-PBR06 PET/CT imaging allowed for diagnosis of inflammation. Moreover,^(18)F-PBR06 uptake in the inflammatory regions was significantly higher than in lung tumor tissues, suggesting that ^(18)F-PBR06 PET/CT imaging has potential to differentiate between peripheral lung cancer and inflammation nodules.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81471736,81671760 and 81873910)Scientific Research Transformation Special Fund of Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences(2018415)Scientific Research Project of Health and Family Planning Commission of Heilongjiang Province(CR201807)
文摘Background: Positron emission tomography(PET) imaging is a non-invasive functional imaging method used to reflect tumor spatial information, and to provide biological characteristics of tumor progression. The aim of this study was to focus on the application of 18 F-fluoromisonidazole(FMISO) PET quantitative parameter of maximum standardized uptake value(SUVmax) ratio to detect the liver metastatic potential of human colorectal cancer(CRC) in mice. Methods: Colorectal liver metastases(CRLM) xenograft models were established by injecting tumor cells(LoVo, HT29 and HCT116) into spleen of mice, tumor-bearing xenograft models were established by subcutaneously injecting tumor cells in the right left flank of mice. Wound healing assays were performed to examine the ability of cell migration in vitro. ^(18)F-FMISO uptake in CRC cell lines was measured by cellular uptake assay. ^(18)F-FMISO-based micro-PET imaging of CRLM and tumor-bearing mice was performed and quantified by tumor-to-liver SUVmax ratio. The correlation between the ^(18)F-FMISO SUVmax ratio, liver metastases number, hypoxia-induced factor 1 α(HIF-1 α) and serum starvation-induced glucose transporter 1(GLUT-1) was evaluated using Pearson correlation analysis. Results: Compared with HT29 and HCT116, LoVo-CRLM mice had significantly higher liver metastases ratio and shorter median survival time. LoVo cells exhibited stronger migration capacity and higher radiotracer uptake compared with HT29 and HCT116 in in vitro. Moreover, ^(18)F-FMISO SUVmax ratio was significantly higher in both LoVo-CRLM model and LoVo-bearing tumor model compared to models established using HT29 and HCT116. In addition, Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant correlation between ^(18)F-FMISO SUVmax ratio of CRLM mice and number of liver metastases larger than 0.5 cm, as well as between ^(18)F-FMISO SUVmax ratio and HIF-1 α or GLUT-1 expression in tumor-bearing tissues. Conclusions: ^(18)F-FMISO parameter of SUVmax ratio may provide useful tumor biological information in mice with CRLM, thus allowing for better prediction of CRLM and yielding useful radioactive markers for predicting liver metastasis potential in CRC.
基金Supported by Jiangsu Province’s Key Medical Talents Program(No.RC2007097)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(No.BK2010154)Science Foundation of Health Department of Jiangsu Province(No.H201226)
文摘Asialoglycoprotein receptor(ASGP-R)is a hepatic membrane receptor that uniquely exists on the surface of mammalian hepatocytes,and has been used as target of liver functional imaging agents for many years.We labeled the Galactosyl-neoglycoalbumin(NGA)with 18F to get a PET molecular probe 18F-FB-NGA and evaluated its ability as a liver functional PET imaging agent.The 18F-FB-NGA was prepared with NGA by conjugation with Nsuccinimidyl-4-18F-fluorobenzoate(18F-SFB)and purified with PD-10 desalting column.The radiolabeling yield and radiochemical purity of 18F-FB-NGA were determined by radio-HPLC.Starting with 18F-F–,the total time for 18F-FB-NGA was about 120±10 min.The decay-corrected radiochemical yield is about 25–30%.The radiochemical purity of purified 18F-FB-NGA was more than 98%.Labeled with 185–1850 MBq 18F-SFB,the specific activity of 18F-FBNGA was estimated to be 7.83–78.3 TBq/mmol.Biodistribution of 18F-FB-NGA in normal mice was investigated after injection through the tail vein.The results showed that the liver accumulated 39.47±3.42 and 12.12±6.11%ID/g at 10 and 30 min after injection,respectively.Dynamic MicroPET images in mice were acquired with and without block after injection of the radiotracer,respectively.High liver activity accumulation was observed at 5 min after injection in normal group.On the contrary,the liver accumulation was significantly lower after block,indicating the specific binding to ASGP-R.18F-FB-NGA is probably a potential PET liver imaging agent.
文摘99mTc-HMIBP, a new bone-imaging agent, was prepared by the reduction of 99mTc-pertechnetate in the presence of SnCl2?2H2O. The effects of the amounts of SnCl2?2H2O and HMIBP and the pH value on the labeling yield and radiochemical purity of 99mTc-HMIBP were investigated. When the amounts of SnCl2?2H2O and HMIBP were more than 10 μg and 2.5 mg, respectively, the pH value was between 2 and 7, and the labeling reaction contin- ued for 10 min, both labeling yield and radiochemical purity of 99mTc-HMIBP were more than 90%. The biodistribu- tion in rats and bone scan in rabbits were also studied. The results showed that the bone uptake is up to 7.94%ID/g at 30 min after injection of 99mTc-HMIBP, bone-to-muscle and bone-to-blood uptake ratios were 20.89 and 16.89, re- spectively. The clear bone image was obtained at 120 min after injection of 99mTc-HMIBP and clearance in soft tissue was visible. All of the above-mentioned results suggested that 99mTc-HMIBP may be a potential bone-imaging agent.
基金This study was supported by grants from the National Key Re-search and Development Program of China(2019YFC0118100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81671760,81873910 and 82001860)+4 种基金Scientific Research Transformation Special Fund of Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences(2018415)Scientific Research Project of Health and Family Planning Commission of Heilongjiang Province(201812 and 201622)Beijing Scholars Pro-gram([2015]160)Beijing Friendship Hospital Seed Project of Cap-ital Medical University(YYZZ201919)Beijing Postdoctoral Re-search Foundation(2020-Z2-022)。
文摘Background:Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is a non-invasive method to visualize and quantify the tumor microenvironment.This study aimed to explore the feasibility of ^(18)F-AIF-NOTA-E[PEG_(4-c)(RGDfk)]_(2) (denoted as ^(18)F-RGD) PET quantitative parameters to distinguish the angiogenesis in colorectal cancer (CRC) mice which has different metastatic potential.Methods:Twenty Lo Vo and twenty LS174T of CRC liver metastases animal models were established by implantation of human CRC cell lines via intrasplenic injection.Radiotracer-based micro-PET imaging of animal model was performed and the uptake of ^(18)F-RGD tracer in the tumor tissues was quantified as tumor-to-liver maximum or mean standardized uptake value (SUVmax or SUVmean) ratio.Pearson correlation was used to analyze the relationship between radioactive parameters and tumor markers.Results:The SUVmax and SUVmean ratios of Lo Vo model were significantly higher than those of LS174T in both liver metastasis and primary tumor lesions (P<0.05).A significant difference was observed in both vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Ki67 expressions between Lo Vo and LS174T primary tumors (P<0.05).The tumor-to-liver SUVmax or SUVmean ratio of ^(18)F-RGD showed a moderate correlation with VEGF expression (r=0.5700,P=0.001 and r=0.6657,P<0.001,respectively),but the SUVmean ration showed a weak correlation with Ki67 expression (r=0.3706,P<0.05).The areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of ^(18)F-RGD SUVmean ratio,SUVmax ratio for differentiating Lo Vo from LS174T tumor were 0.801 and 0.759,respectively.Conclusions:The tumor-to-liver SUVmean ratio of ^(18)F-RGD was a promising image parameter for the process of monitoring tumor angiogenesis in CRC xenograft mice model.
文摘Quality control of Gamma Camera with SPECT System is highly valuable for assurance performance characteristic. We report the performance characteristic of gamma camera by intrinsic calibration and verification measurement. The study has been done using the data from Siemens Symbia S Series gamma camera by using a point source 99mTc at the Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences (INMAS), Khulna, Bangladesh. From intrinsic calibration and verification flood series, the integral uniformity for the central field of view (CFOV) has been found in between 4.01% and 2.88% and for the useful field of view (UFOV) has been in between 4.77% and 4.30%. The differential uniformity for the CFOV has been in between 1.53% and 2.04% and for the UFOV has been in between 2.32% and 2.77%. According to Operating Instruction Symbia System S Series manual, uniformity can compensate for values exceeding 10%, however while integral uniformity exceed 7%, have to contract Siemens customer service representative. In conclusion, these results show that the intrinsic uniformity of the gamma camera under this condition is within an acceptable range;thus the gamma camera working in INMAS is performed well.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation,Nos.81171399,51473071,81101077,21401084,81401450 and 81472749Jiangsu Province Foundation,Nos.BE2014609,BE2012622,BL2012031 and BM2012066Wuxi Foundation,No.CSZ0N1320
文摘Pancreatic cancer(PC) is a major health problem. Conventional imaging modalities show limited accuracy for reliable assessment of the tumor. Recent researches suggest that molecular imaging techniques with tracers provide more biologically relevant information and are benefit for the diagnosis of the cancer. In addition,radiopharmaceuticals also play more important roles in treatment of the disease. This review summaries the advancement of the radiolabeled compounds in the theranostics of PC.
文摘Eu-chelate were used to construct a two-site sandwich-type assay for pepsinogen I (PGI) with time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TRFIA) as a detection technique. On the noncompetitive assay, captured monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) coated on wells were directed against a specific antigenic site on the PGI. Another McAbs, called as labeling McAbs, were prepared with the Eu-chelate of N-(p-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-diethylenetriamine-N,N,N,N-tetraacetic acid and directed against a different antigenic site on the PGI. The fluorescence counts of bound Eu 3+-McAbs were measured with the auto DELFIA_ 1235 system. The PGI in sera from healthy volunteers were determined by PGI-TRFIA. The within-run and between-run CVs of the PGI-TRFIA were 1.9% and 4.7%, respectively, and the recovery rate was 102.65%. The assay had a detection limit of 0.05 μg·L -1. The PGI-TRFIA provided a linear response from 3.5 to 328 μg·L -1. The cross-reacting rate with pepsinogen II was negligible. The linear correlation of PGI-TRFIA and radioimmunassay measurements resulted in a correlation coefficient of 0.977. The means of healthy volunteers were 154±43 μg·L -1 for serum PGI. The availability of a highly sensitive, reliable, and convenient method for quantifying PGI will allow investigations into the possible diagnostic value of this analyte in various clinical conditions, including gastric carcinoma, duodenal ulcer, gastritis and severe atrophic gastritis.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (20573048 and 20676051)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK2008111, BK2008112)Department of Health of Jiangsu Province (H200624)
文摘Technetium-99m-labeled-5-{2-sulfanylethyl-[2-(2-sulfanylethylamino)acetyl]amino}-methyl-2′-deoxy- uridine (99mTc-ANMdU) was reported. The precursor ANMdU was synthesized by six-step reactions and all intermediates were verified with MS and 1HNMR. Using SnCl2 as reducing agent, a labeling reaction was carried out at 100°C for 30 min. The radiochemical purity of the 99mTc-ANMdU was 96.68%. Partition coefficients were 0.92 and 0.70 at pH 7.0 and 7.4 of the phosphate buffer saline, respectively. Biodistribution of 99mTc-ANMdU in normal mice showed that the initial uptake of 99mTc-ANMdU in vivo and the clearance was rapid.
文摘TADP, 2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid, was synthesized by three step reactions from the raw material 1H-1,2,4-triazole. Tcm-TADP was prepared with 5 mg TADP at pH 7.0 by joining 99 99TcmO4 with SnCl2·2H2O in aqueous solution for 10 min at room temperature. Both labeling yield and radiochemical - purity of Tcm-TADP were more than 95%. The biodistribution in rats and bone scan in rabbits were also studied. The 99 uptake of organ was expressed as %ID/g. The results showed that the bone uptake is up to 17.17%ID/g which is the maximum of bone uptake at 30 min after injection of Tcm-TADP in rats, bone-to-muscle and bone-to-blood uptake 99 ratios were 61.32 and 13.21, respectively. The clear bone image of rabbit was obtained at 120 min after injection of 99Tcm-TADP and clearance in soft tissue was visible. The preparation of 99Tcm-TADP was convenient and 99Tcm-TADP exhibited high uptake in bone, and it would be a potential new bone imaging agent.
文摘Small radiation fields are abundantly used in modern radiotherapy techniques like in IMRT and SRS. In order to commission these techniques, dosimetric data for small fields is required. The purpose of this study is to compare dosimetric measurements with two different ion chambers cc13, and cc01 for smaller fields. Dosimetric measurements are beam profile, output factor, pdds, and collimator factor. Dosimetric data is acquired in water phantom for two different photon beam energies 6 MV and 15 MV with zero gantry angle. In beam profiles cc13 chamber, measure wider penumbra as compare to cc01. And this wider measurement of penumbra occurs for smaller as well as for larger field sizes. Accumulated relative error in the measurement of penumbra for number of field sizes and 6 MV at dmax, and at 10 cm depth are 34.32% and 27.72% respectively. Accumulated relative error in the measurement of penumbra for number of field sizes and 15 MV at dmax, and at 10 cm depth are 28.49% and 23.92%. In case of output factor for smaller fields cc13 underestimates the output factor relative to cc01, with non-linear increase for smaller fields. But for larger fields, this increase in output factor is almost linear difference of two chambers is decreased. For very smaller fields × 2 cm, relative error in output factor of cc13 and cc01 is greater than 5% and rapidly increases with decreasing field size. But for lager fields, this relative error is negligible. In measurement of pdds after the buildup region difference occurs in the response of two chambers cc13 and cc01 for smaller fields. For field sizes ≤2 cm × 2 cm average cc13-cc01 at various depths 30 cm, 40 cm, 50 cm, 60 cm, 70 cm, and 80 cm is almost greater than 0.5 cm. And similarly as output factor, this difference (cc13-cc01) increases with field size decreasing.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81202032)Key University Science Research Project of Jiangsu Province (No. 16KJB320004)+2 种基金Jiangsu Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission Foundation (No.Z201502)Jiangsu Provincial Health and Family Planning Research Projects (No.H2018029)Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine of the Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine (No.KF201501)
文摘The interleukin-11(IL-11)and the IL-11 receptorα-subunit(IL-11Rα)have been demonstrated to regulate the invasion and proliferation of tumor cells.Our study intends to evaluate a noninvasive imaging of IL-11Rαexpression in breast tumors using near-infrared(NIR)fluorescent dye Cy7-labeled IL-11 mimic peptide CGRRAGGSC.This work evaluated the IL-11Rαexpression of breast tumor cells and the binding status of this peptide to IL-11Rαin vitro and in vivo by using Western blotting,immunofluorescence staining and near-infrared fluorescence imaging.Our biochemical study showed that IL-11Rαwas overexpressed in breast tumor cells(MCF-7).The cell-binding assay demonstrated specific binding of peptide CGRRAGGSC to MCF-7 cells in vitro.In vivo imaging results showed that NIR fluorescent signals of Cy7-CGRRAGGSC were selectively accumulated in tumor and metabolic organs.While in the blocking experiment,free CGRRAGGSC obviously blocked the concentration of the Cy7-CGRRAGGSC in the tumors.These results suggested that IL-11Rαmay be used as a potential target for noninvasive imaging in IL-11Rαoverexpressed tumors.Furthermore,the imaging agent of near-infrared fluorescent dye Cy7-labeled CGRRAGGSC is suitable for IL-11Rαexpression imaging study in vivo.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30770602)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(Nos.BK2010157 and BK2011167)
文摘The 4,5-dioxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo(2,3-f)quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid 2-ethyl ester 7,9-dimethyl ester (PQQE) was synthesized on the basis of Pyrroloquinoline quinine (PQQ). 99m Tc-PQQE was prepared using stannous fluoride (SnF 2 ) as reducing agent. Biological characteristics of 99m Tc-PQQE include lipophilic and the charge properties were compared to 99m Tc-PQQ. The biodistributions of 99m Tc-PQQE in mice and brain regional distribution were performed. In vivo distribution of 99m Tc-PQQE in mice indicates that the concentration ratio of drug and blood increases steadily over time. The major radioactivity may be metabolized by the hepatic and renal system. The elimination-phase half-time (t1/2β) results indicate that the residence time of 99m Tc-PQQE (203.92) in the body is twice as long as 99m Tc-PQQ (100.45). The uptake of 99m Tc-PQQE in brain was improved due to the ameliorating of charge and lipophilicity. The highest total regional brain uptake of 99m Tc-PQQE was in the frontal lobe and hippocampus, where the NMDA receptor is very abundant. 99m Tc-PQQE had a good target to nontarget ratio (hippocampus/cerebellum) which preserved a higher value (peak 4.0 at 120 min) from 60 min to 180 min after injection. In vitro autoradiographic results are in close agreement with the regional brain map. The enrichment can be blocked by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) redox modulatory site antagonists-ebselen (EB). This work suggests that 99m Tc-PQQE has some specific targeting to the NMDA receptor.
