Objective This study aimed to assess the relationship between the body composition of children aged 3–5 years and breastfeeding status and duration.Methods The study was conducted using data from the National Nutriti...Objective This study aimed to assess the relationship between the body composition of children aged 3–5 years and breastfeeding status and duration.Methods The study was conducted using data from the National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for children 0–17 years of age in China(CNHSC),a nationwide cross-sectional study.Breastfeeding information and potential confounders were collected using standardized questionnaires administered through face-to-face interviews.The body composition of preschool children was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis.A multivariate linear regression model was used to assess the relationship between breastfeeding duration and body composition after adjusting for potential confounders.Results In total,2,008 participants were included in the study.Of these,89.2%were ever breastfed and the median duration of breastfeeding was 12 months(IQR 7–15 months).Among children aged 3 years,the height-for-age Z-score(HAZ)for the ever breastfed group was lower than that for never breastfed group(0.12 vs.0.42,P=0.043).In addition,the weight-for-age Z-score(WAZ)of the ever breastfed group was lower than that of the never breastfed group(0.31 vs.0.65,P=0.026),and the WAZ was lower in children aged 4 years who breastfed between 12 and 23 months than in those who never breastfed.Compared to the formula-fed children,the fat-free mass of breastfed infants was higher for children aged 3 years(12.84 kg vs.12.52 kg,P=0.015)and lower for those aged 4 years(14.31 kg vs.14.64 kg,P=0.048),but no difference was detected for children aged 5 years(16.40 kg vs.16.42 kg,P=0.910)after adjusting for potential confounders.No significant difference was detected in the weight-for-height Z-score(WHZ),body mass index(BMI)-for-age Z-score(BAZ),fat-free mass index,and body fat indicators in the ever breastfed and never breastfed groups and among various breastfeeding duration groups for children aged 3–5 years.Conclusion No obvious associations were detected between breastfeeding duration,BMI,and fat mass indicators.Future prospective studies should explore the relationship between breastfeeding status and fat-free mass.展开更多
Traumatic brain injury is one of the main causes of mortality and disability worldwide.Traumatic brain injury is characterized by a primary injury directly induced by the impact,which progresses into a secondary injur...Traumatic brain injury is one of the main causes of mortality and disability worldwide.Traumatic brain injury is characterized by a primary injury directly induced by the impact,which progresses into a secondary injury that leads to cellular and metabolic damages,starting in the first few hours and days after primary mechanical injury.To date,traumatic brain injury is not targetable by therapies aimed at preventing and/or limiting the outcomes of secondary damage but only by palliative therapies.Nerve growth factor is a neurotrophin targeting neuronal and non-neuronal cells,potentially useful in preventing/limiting the outcomes of secondary damage in traumatic brain injury.This potential has further increased in the last two decades since the possibility of reaching neurotrophin targets in the brain through its intranasal delivery has been exploited.Indeed,molecules intranasally delivered to the brain parenchyma may easily bypass the blood-brain barrier and reach their therapeutic targets in the brain,with favorable kinetics,dynamics,and safety profile.In the first part of this review,we aimed to report the traumatic brain injury-induced dysfunctional mechanisms that may benefit from nerve growth factor treatment.In the second part,we then exposed the experimental evidence relating to the action of nerve growth factor(both in vitro and in vivo,after administration routes other than intranasal)on some of these mechanisms.In the last part of the work,we,therefore,discussed the few manuscripts that analyze the effects of treatment with nerve growth factor,intranasally delivered to the brain parenchyma,on the outcomes of traumatic brain injury.展开更多
Objective Circular RNAs(circRNAs)participate in several important pathological processes and have been used in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases.This study aimed to investigate the role of circRNAs in ne...Objective Circular RNAs(circRNAs)participate in several important pathological processes and have been used in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases.This study aimed to investigate the role of circRNAs in neural tube defects(NTDs).Method We characterized circRNA-associated competitive endogenous RNA(ceRNA)networks in brain tissue of low folate-induced NTDs mouse at embryonic day 13.5 by high-throughput sequencing.The expression levels of Circzfp644,miR-20-5p and Gas7 were detected by RT-PCR.Gas7 and Circzfp644functions were determined by miRNA-mimics and inhibitors in mouse teratocarcinoma cells(F9 cells),and luciferase gene reporter assay was assessed in the F9 cells.In addition,the expression levels of Circzfp644,miR-20-5p and Gas7 were determined by Nanostring in human NTDs tissues.Results We detected 57 circRNA transcripts,16 miRNAs,and 148 mRNAs that were significantly dysregulated in NTDs brain tissues compared with their expression levels in control(normal)tissues.Circzfp644 shared miRNA response elements with the growth arrest specific 7(Gas7)gene and competitively bound with miR-20-5p to increase the expression of Gas7.Downregulation of Circzfp644and Gas7 and upregulation of miR-20-5p were found in human NTD tissue.Conclusion This study provides new perspectives on the role of circRNAs in nervous system development and the pathogenesis of NTDs.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical application of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)specific antibody detection and anti-SARS-CoV-2 specific monoclonal antibodi...The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical application of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)specific antibody detection and anti-SARS-CoV-2 specific monoclonal antibodies(mAbs)in the treatment of coronavirus infectious disease 2019(COVID-19).The dynamic changes of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies during COVID-19 were studied.Immunoglobulin M(IgM)appeared earlier and lasted for a short time,while immunoglobulin G(IgG)appeared later and lasted longer.IgM tests can be used for early diagnosis of COVID-19,and IgG tests can be used for late diagnosis of COVID-19 and identification of asymptomatic infected persons.The combination of antibody testing and nucleic acid testing,which complement each other,can improve the diagnosis rate of COVID-19.Monoclonal anti-SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies can be used to treat hospitalized severe and critically ill patients and non-hospitalized mild to moderate COVID-19 patients.COVID-19 convalescent plasma,highly concentrated immunoglobulin,and anti-SARS-CoV-2 specific mAbs are examples of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody products.Due to the continuous emergence of mutated strains of the novel coronavirus,especially omicron,its immune escape ability and infectivity are enhanced,making the effects of authorized products reduced or invalid.Therefore,the optimal application of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody products(especially anti-SARS-CoV-2 specific mAbs)is more effective in the treatment of COVID-19 and more conducive to patient recovery.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on the clinical characteristics and care needs of infected children during a high-intensity pandemic and to measure the potential effects of...Objective:This study aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on the clinical characteristics and care needs of infected children during a high-intensity pandemic and to measure the potential effects of vaccination on children's health status and healthcare utilization.Methods:A sample of 903 children who had recently been infected with the novel coronavirus and came to our hospital's emergency department from January 11 to January 30,2023,was used as the research object in this retrospective study.The questionnaire on unknown coronavirus infection was filled out anonymously,and SPSS20.0 software was used for statistical data analysis.Results:The baseline conditions of 903 subjects were studied,including 505 males,accounting for 55.92%,and 398 females,accounting for 44.08%.The age of infection was mainly concentrated in preschool children(26.02%)and school-age children(38.76%).Regarding vaccination,561 cases were vaccinated,accounting for 62.13%.Among them,37 children received one dose of vaccine,accounting for 4.1%,463 children received two doses,accounting for 51.27%,and 61 children received three doses,accounting for 6.76%.For previous allergic diseases,180 children had a history of allergic diseases,accounting for 19.93%.Regarding sources of infection,the most common source was someone at home,accounting for 82.61%.Vaccination can effectively reduce the fever of children infected with the new coronavirus,the number of outpatient and emergency doctor visits,and the risk of hospitalization.In addition,regarding treatment,children in the vaccinated group were more likely to be treated at home,and the types of drugs used also differed from those in the non-vaccinated group.However,the vaccination group has a relatively high incidence of symptoms such as sore throat,cough,abnormal sense of smell and taste,muscle soreness,and headache.However,these are mild clinical symptoms and do not affect children's physical health and development.Parental care needs for children infected with COVID-19 are disparate,and parents of vaccinated children have lower proportions of needs for child care.Conclusion:Vaccination positively impacts the clinical outcomes of children infected with COVID-19 and their parents'well-being.展开更多
Hepatic recompensation is firstly described in the Baveno VII criteria,which requires the fulfillment of strict criteria.First,a primary cause of cirrhosis must be addressed,suppressed,or cured.Second,complications of...Hepatic recompensation is firstly described in the Baveno VII criteria,which requires the fulfillment of strict criteria.First,a primary cause of cirrhosis must be addressed,suppressed,or cured.Second,complications of liver cirrhosis,inclu-ding ascites,encephalopathy,and variceal hemorrhage,must disappear without any intervention.Finally,liver function indicators must be improved.Moreover,without addressing/suppressing/curing cirrhosis and improvement in liver syn-thetic function,complications,including ascites and variceal hemorrhage can be improved by a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS),which is not evidence of hepatic recompensation.Therefore,on the basis of the definition of hepatic recompensation,TIPS does not achieve hepatic recompensation.展开更多
The development of tellurium(Te)-based semiconductor nanomaterials for efficient light-to-heat conversion may offer an effective means of harvesting sunlight to address global energy concerns.However,the nanosized Te(...The development of tellurium(Te)-based semiconductor nanomaterials for efficient light-to-heat conversion may offer an effective means of harvesting sunlight to address global energy concerns.However,the nanosized Te(nano-Te)materials reported to date suffer from a series of drawbacks,including limited light absorption and a lack of surface structures.Herein,we report the preparation of nano-Te by electrochemical exfoliation using an electrolyzable room-temperature ionic liquid.Anions,cations,and their corresponding electrolytic products acting as chemical scissors can precisely intercalate and functionalize bulk Te.The resulting nano-Te has high morphological entropy,rich surface functional groups,and broad light absorption.We also constructed foam hydrogels based on poly(vinyl alcohol)/nano-Te,which achieved an evaporation rate and energy efficiency of 4.11 kg m^(−2)h^(−1)and 128%,respectively,under 1 sun irradiation.Furthermore,the evaporation rate was maintained in the range 2.5-3.0 kg m^(−2)h^(−1)outdoors under 0.5-1.0 sun,providing highly efficient evaporation under low light conditions.展开更多
Objective:Nucleotide excision repair(NER)plays a vital role in maintaining genome stability,and the effect of NER gene polymorphisms on hepatoblastoma susceptibility is still under investigation.This study aimed to ev...Objective:Nucleotide excision repair(NER)plays a vital role in maintaining genome stability,and the effect of NER gene polymorphisms on hepatoblastoma susceptibility is still under investigation.This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between NER gene polymorphisms and the risk of hepatoblastoma in Eastern Chinese Han children.Methods:In this five-center case-control study,we enrolled 966 subjects from East China(193 hepatoblastoma patients and 773 healthy controls).The TaqMan method was used to genotype 19 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)in NER pathway genes,including ERCC1,XPA,XPC,XPD,XPF,and XPG.Then,multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed,and odds ratios(ORs)and 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs)were utilized to assess the strength of associations.Results:Three SNPs were related to hepatoblastoma risk.XPC rs2229090 and XPD rs3810366 significantly contributed to hepatoblastoma risk according to the dominant model(adjusted OR=1.49,95%CI=1.07−2.08,P=0.019;adjusted OR=1.66,95%CI=1.12−2.45,P=0.012,respectively).However,XPD rs238406 conferred a significantly decreased risk of hepatoblastoma under the dominant model(adjusted OR=0.68,95%CI=0.49−0.95;P=0.024).Stratified analysis demonstrated that these significant associations were more prominent in certain subgroups.Moreover,there was evidence of functional implications of these significant SNPs suggested by online expression quantitative trait loci(eQTLs)and splicing quantitative trait loci(sQTLs)analysis.Conclusions:In summary,NER pathway gene polymorphisms(XPC rs2229090,XPD rs3810366,and XPD rs238406)are significantly associated with hepatoblastoma risk,and further research is required to verify these findings.展开更多
Aims:Multiple genes and environmental factors are known to be involved in congenital heart disease(CHD),but epigenetic variation has received little attention.Monozygotic(MZ)twins with CHD provide a unique model for e...Aims:Multiple genes and environmental factors are known to be involved in congenital heart disease(CHD),but epigenetic variation has received little attention.Monozygotic(MZ)twins with CHD provide a unique model for exploring this phenomenon.In order to investigate the potential role of Deoxyribonucleic Acid(DNA)methyla-tion in CHD pathogenesis,the present study examined DNA methylation variation in MZ twins discordant for CHD,especially ventricular septal defect(VSD).Methods and Results:Using genome-wide DNA methylation profiles,we identified 4004 differentially methylated regions(DMRs)in 18 MZ twin pairs discordant for CHD,and 2826 genes were identified.Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)analysis revealed a list of CHD-associated pathways.To further investigate the role of DNA methylation in VSD,data from 7 pairs of MZ twins with VSD were analyzed.We identified 1614 DMRs corresponding to 1443 genes associated with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy,cyclic guanosine monopho-sphate-protein kinase G(cGMP-PKG)signaling pathway by KEGG analysis,and cell-cell adhesion,calcium ion transmembrane transport by GO analysis.A proportion of DMR-associated genes were involved in calcium signaling pathways.The methylation changes of calcium signaling genes might be related to VSD pathogenesis.Conclusion:CHD is associated with differential DNA methylation in MZ twins.CHD may be etiologically linked to DNA methylation,and methylation of calcium signaling genes may be involved in the development of VSD.展开更多
Objective To analyze the prevalence of asthma and asthma related symptoms among children aged 0-14 years in three Chinese cities and to obtain a crude estimation of the trend of childhood asthma prevalence in China. M...Objective To analyze the prevalence of asthma and asthma related symptoms among children aged 0-14 years in three Chinese cities and to obtain a crude estimation of the trend of childhood asthma prevalence in China. Methods A cross-sectional, population-based survey of prevalence of asthrna was conducted in children aged from 0 to 14 years in 3 major cities of China （Beijing, Chongqing, and Guangzhou） with different geographic locations. All the subjects were randomly selected by a multi-stage sampling method. Three to five schools and kindergartens in 2 urban districts in each city were randomly selected for the survey, and a validated questionnaire that included the core questions of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood, Phase III questionnaire and several additional questions were used. All questionnaires were completed by parents or guardians of the selected children. Children whose parents responded affirmatively to the question＂ Has your child ever been diagnosed as asthma by a doctor＂ were recognized as victims of asthma. Results The prevalence of asthma in Beijing, Chongqing, and Guangzhou was 3.15%, 7.45%, and 2.09%, respectively. These values were significantly higher than those obtained 10 years ago in the national epidemiological survey in 2000 which used the same method of investigation and the same diagnotic criteria （x^2=3.938, P=-0.047; 22=73.506, P≤0.001; x^2=11.956, P=0.001, in each city）. Of the asthmatic children 57.21%, 69.91%, and 60.00% had their first attack before the age of 3 in Beijing, Chongqing, and Guangzhou, respectively. Wheezing was the primary clinical manifestation for all asthmatic children, followed by persistent cough and repeated respiratory infections. Both the prevalence of asthma and asthma-related symptoms were statistically higher in males than in females. Conclusion The prevalence of childhood asthma is statistically higher than that 10 years ago in the three Chinese cities.展开更多
Neurotrophins are a family of proteins that support neuronal proliferation, survival, and differentiation in the central and peripheral nervous systems, and are regulators of neuronal plasticity. Nerve growth factor i...Neurotrophins are a family of proteins that support neuronal proliferation, survival, and differentiation in the central and peripheral nervous systems, and are regulators of neuronal plasticity. Nerve growth factor is one of the best-described neurotrophins and has advanced to clinical trials for treatment of ocular and brain diseases due to its trophic and regenerative properties. Prior trials over the past few decades have produced conflicting results, which have principally been ascribed to adverse effects of systemic nerve growth factor administration, together with poor penetrance of the blood-brain barrier that impairs drug delivery. Contrastingly, recent studies have revealed that topical ocular and intranasal nerve growth factor administration are safe and effective, suggesting that topical nerve growth factor delivery is a potential alternative to both systemic and invasive intracerebral delivery. The therapeutic effects of local nerve growth factor delivery have been extensively investigated for different ophthalmic diseases, including neurotrophic keratitis, glaucoma, retinitis pigmentosa, and dry eye disease. Further, promising pharmacologic effects were reported in an optic glioma model, which indicated that topically administered nerve growth factor diffused far beyond where it was topically applied. These findings support the therapeutic potential of delivering topical nerve growth factor preparations intranasally for acquired and degenerative brain disorders. Preliminary clinical findings in both traumatic and non-traumatic acquired brain injuries are encouraging, especially in pediatric patients, and clinical trials are ongoing. The present review will focus on the therapeutic effects of both ocular and intranasal nerve growth factor delivery for diseases of the brain and eye.展开更多
Objective To explore the impacts of types and degree of obesity on non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） and related lipids disturbance in Chinese school‐age children. Methods A total of 1 452 school‐age Chil...Objective To explore the impacts of types and degree of obesity on non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） and related lipids disturbance in Chinese school‐age children. Methods A total of 1 452 school‐age Children of 7 to 17 years were recruited in Beijing with representative cluster sampling method. Data of anthropometric measurements including weight, height and waist circumference were collected from March to May of 2007. Body mass index（BMI）was calculated. Blood samples were obtained and lipid profiles including triglyceride （TG）, total cholesterol （TC）, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL‐C） and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL‐C） were measured, while glutamate‐pyruvate transaminase （ALT） and glutamic‐oxalacetic transaminase （AST） were determined to evaluate liver function. The liver was also scanned by sonography, and abnormal hepatic sonograms were documented. NAFLD was diagnosed according to the criteria recommended by the Fatty Liver and Alcoholic Liver Disease Study Group under the Chinese Liver Disease Association. Analysis of covariance （ANOVA）, Chi‐square test for trend and binary logistic regression analysis were performed. Results The dyslipidemia and ultrasonographic fatty liver deteriorated with the degree of obesity defined either by BMI or waist circumference. Compared with BMI, waist circumference contributed more to the development of dyslipidemia, fatty liver and NAFLD. The highest levels of TG, TC, LDL‐C, and lowest level of HDL‐C were seen in the mixed obese group followed by abdominal obese, peripheral obese and non‐obese ones. Adjusted for gender and age, the odds ratios （ORs） and their 95% confidence intervals of peripheral obesity, abdominal obesity and mixed obesity were 0, 10.93 （0.98‐121.96） and 79.16 （10.95‐572.44） for predicting NAFLD; 12.61 （1.24‐127.78）, 19.39 （5.23‐71.85）, and 93.21 （29.56‐293.90） for predicting ultrasonographic fatty liver; 1.78 （0.59‐5.44）, 3.01 （1.91‐4.77）, and 4.64 （3.52‐6.12） for predicting dyslipidemia, respectively compared with the non‐obese control group. The trend of hazards over groups was statistically significant （P0.01）. Conclusion The levels of lipid profile and the prevalence of NAFLD and dyslipidemia increased in parallel with the degree of obesity; As compared with the non‐obese control, the mixed obesity had the strongest association with NAFLD and dyslipidemia, followed by abdominal obesity and peripheral obesity in Chinese school‐age Children.展开更多
Objective To assess and compare the predictive effects of hypertension before puberty and during puberty on adult hypertension.Methods A total of 412 adults from the ＂Beijing children and adolescents blood pressure ...Objective To assess and compare the predictive effects of hypertension before puberty and during puberty on adult hypertension.Methods A total of 412 adults from the ＂Beijing children and adolescents blood pressure （BP） study＂ cohort were followed up in a clinical examination in 2005.Systolic and diastolic BP,height,and weight in childhood were measured at a baseline survey in 1987.The participants were divided into pre‐puberty and puberty sub‐cohorts according to their pubertal development stage at baseline.Information on adult BP,anthropometric indices and life style were collected through questionnaire and physical examination.BP changes and the predictive effect on adult hypertension were compared between the two sub‐cohorts.Correlation of BP levels between 1987 and 2005 was examined through linear regression models.Results From childhood to adulthood,the regression coefficients of systolic BP were similar in the two sub‐cohorts （both β=0.34,P0.001）,while the coefficient of diastolic BP was larger in the pubertal cohort （β=0.31,P0.001） compared with the pre‐pubertal cohort （β=0.12,P=0.017）.Fifty percent of children with pubertal hypertension became hypertensive adults,while pre‐pubertal hypertension resulted in 34.3%.After adjustment for sex,age,family history of hypertension,obesity in childhood,and adulthood,pubertal hypertension predicted a higher risk of adult hypertension than pre‐pubertal hypertension,with odds ratios （95% confidence intervals） of 10.00 （3.03‐33.07） and 2.71 （0.83‐8.85）,respectively.Conclusion Our results suggest that hypertension during pubertyis likely to result in adult hypertension.展开更多
Objective Autophagy is a highly conserved intracellular degradation pathway. Many picornaviruses induce autophagy to benefit viral replication, but an understanding of how autophagy occurs remains incomplete. In this ...Objective Autophagy is a highly conserved intracellular degradation pathway. Many picornaviruses induce autophagy to benefit viral replication, but an understanding of how autophagy occurs remains incomplete. In this study, we explored whether coxsackievirus B3(CVB3) infection induced autophagy through endoplasmic reticulum(ER) stress. Methods In CVB3-infected HeLa cells, the specific molecules of ER stress and autophagy were detected using Western blotting, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR), and confocal microscopy. Then PKR-like ER protein kinase(PERK) inhibitor, inositol-requiring protein-1(IRE1) inhibitor, or activating transcription factor-6(ATF6) inhibitor worked on CVB3-infected cells, their effect on autophagy was assessed by Western blotting for detecting microtubule-associated protein light chain 3(LC3). Results CVB3 infection induced ER stress, and ER stress sensors PERK/eIF2α, IRE1/XBP1, and ATF6 were activated. CVB3 infection increased the accumulation of green fluorescent protein(GFP)-LC3 punctuation and induced the conversion from LC3-Ⅰ to phosphatidylethanolamine-conjugated LC3-1(LC3-Ⅱ). CVB3 infection still decreased the expression of mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) and p-mTOR. Inhibition of PERK, IRE1, or ATF6 significantly decreased the ratio of LC3-Ⅱ to LC3-Ⅰ in CVB3-infected HeLa cells. Conclusion CVB3 infection induced autophagy through ER stress in HeL a cells, and PERK, IRE1, and ATF6 a pathways participated in the regulation of autophagy. Our data suggested that ER stress may inhibit mTOR signaling pathway to induce autophagy during CVB3 infection.展开更多
AIM: To assess the absolute number of T-regulatory cells (Tregs; CD4+CD25+Foxp3+) in the peripheral blood of gastric and colorectal cancer patients. METHODS: We enrolled 70 cancer patients (33 gastric cancer, 37 color...AIM: To assess the absolute number of T-regulatory cells (Tregs; CD4+CD25+Foxp3+) in the peripheral blood of gastric and colorectal cancer patients. METHODS: We enrolled 70 cancer patients (33 gastric cancer, 37 colorectal cancer) and 17 healthy volunteers. The CD3+CD4+ lymphocytes and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs in the peripheral blood were analyzed with flow cytometry. The absolute numbers of Tregs were calculated based on the CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells percent-age of CD3+CD4+ cells and the absolute numbers of CD3+CD4+ cells per microliter. RESULTS: The mean number of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells per microliter in colorectal cancer patients was 15.7 (SD: 21.8), for gastric cancer patients 12.2 (SD: 14.3), and for controls 17.5 (SD: 11.4). The absolute number of Tregs was significantly lower in gastric cancer patients than in controls (P = 0.026). There was no statistically significant difference for gastric vs colorectal cancer or colorectal cancer vs controls. The absolute number of Tregs was also significantly depressed in N+ vs Ncancer patients [22.0 (27.7) vs 10.1 (9.0), P = 0.013], and in the subgroup of gastric cancer patients [30.3 (27.6) vs 9.6 (8.0), P = 0.003]. No statistical difference was observed in the proportion of Tregs in the CD4+ population between the groups. CONCLUSION: The absolute number of Tregs in peripheral blood of gastric cancer but not colorectal cancer patients was significantly decreased in comparison with that in healthy controls.展开更多
Objectives:To describe and compare fear of childbirth and in-labor pain intensity between primiparas and multiparas and explore the association between the amount of actual pain relief and fear of childbirth.Methods:A...Objectives:To describe and compare fear of childbirth and in-labor pain intensity between primiparas and multiparas and explore the association between the amount of actual pain relief and fear of childbirth.Methods:A convenience sampling method was used.A total of 260 women undergoing spontaneous or induced labor,including 97 primiparas and 163 multiparas,were recruited in a large academic specialized hospital in Guangzhou,China,from February 2018 to August 2019.The clinical data of maternal and neonatal were extracted from a structured electronic medical record system.Other demographic information,such as employment and family monthly income,was collected by a questionnaire.The Numeric Rating Scale(NRS)and the Chinese version of the Childbirth Attitude Questionnaire(C-CAQ)were applied to assess maternal in-labor pain intensity and fear of childbirth.The analgesic consumption and the frequency of manual boluses as rescue analgesia were stored and collected from the analgesia pump.Results:Eighty-two(84.5%)primiparas and ninety-nine(60.7%)multiparas received epidural analgesia(P<0.001).In the epidural subgroup,the primiparous average fear of childbirth(36.46±10.93)was higher than that of the multiparas(32.06±10.23)(P¼0.007).However,multiparas reported more intense in-labor pain[8.0(8.0,9.0)vs.8.0(7.0,8.0)],had more successful manual boluses per hour[2.68(1.65,3.85)vs.1.77(0.90,2.47)],more hourly analgesic consumption[23.00(16.00,28.25)vs.17.24(11.52,21.36)mL]and more average analgesic consumption[0.35(0.24,0.45)vs.0.26(0.19,0.35)mL/(h$kg)]than the primiparas(P<0.05).Spearman’s correlation analysis showed that the maximum in-labor pain was weakly positively correlated with fear of childbirth(r¼0.09)(P<0.05),hourly analgesic consumption(r¼0.16)(P<0.01)and average analgesic consumption(r¼0.17)(P<0.05).No statistically significant association was uncovered between analgesic consumption and maternal fear of childbirth.Conclusions:Fear of childbirth is a potential predictor of labor pain intensity.Further study is needed to explore its role and value in pain management during delivery.Parity is not a determinant of pain relief use and should not be a preconceived preference of obstetric care team members to determine the distribution of epidural analgesia,especially when analgesia resources are insufficient.展开更多
Objective This study aimed to examine the sleep arrangements and soothing methods and to assess their associations with sleep problems among children aged<3 years in China.Methods A cross-sectional survey was condu...Objective This study aimed to examine the sleep arrangements and soothing methods and to assess their associations with sleep problems among children aged<3 years in China.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2019 from six provinces in China.A total of 1,195 caregivers of children aged 0–35 months were included in the study.Data on sleep arrangements,soothing methods,and sleep problems(i.e.,frequent night awakenings and difficulty falling asleep)were assessed using the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire.The reasons for bed-sharing in sleep arrangements were recorded using a self-designed questionnaire.Results The bed-sharing practice was very prevalent at any age,which ranged from 69.9%to 78.3%.Most infants fell asleep while feeding or being rocked/held before age 12 months.By age 35 months,62.4%of the children fell asleep in bed near parents.The most common reasons for bed-sharing were breastfeeding/feeding and convenience.Parental involvement when falling asleep was significantly related with frequent night awakenings and difficulty falling asleep.No association was found between bed-sharing and sleep.Conclusion Bed-sharing and parental involvement were very common among Chinese children aged<3 years.Children who fall asleep with parental involvement were more likely to have sleep problems.展开更多
AIM: To confirm whether insulin regulates resistinexpression and secretion during differentiation of 3T3-L1preadipocytes and the relationship of resistin with insulinresistance both in vivo and in vitro.METHODS: Super...AIM: To confirm whether insulin regulates resistinexpression and secretion during differentiation of 3T3-L1preadipocytes and the relationship of resistin with insulinresistance both in vivo and in vitro.METHODS: Supernatant resistin was measured duringdifferentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. L6 rat myoblastsand hepatoma cell line H4IIE were used to confirm thecellular function of resistin. Diet-induced obese ratswere used as an insulin resistance model to study therelationship of resistin with insulin resistance.RESULTS: Resistin expression and secretion wereenhanced during differentiation 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.This cellular differentiation stimulated resistin expressionand secretion, but was suppressed by insulin. Resistinalso induced insulin resistance in H4IIE hepatocytes andL6 myoblasts. In diet-induced obese rats, serum resistinlevels were negatively correlated with insulin sensitivity,but not with serum insulin.CONCLUSION: Insulin can inhibit resistin expressionand secretion in vitro, but insulin is not a major regulatorof resistin in vivo . Fat tissue mass affects insulinsensitivity by altering the expression and secretion ofresistin.展开更多
Objective To investigate the association between birth defects and dietary nutrient intake in a high risk area of China. Methods A dietary survey was performed and serum folic acid was measured in women whose pregnanc...Objective To investigate the association between birth defects and dietary nutrient intake in a high risk area of China. Methods A dietary survey was performed and serum folic acid was measured in women whose pregnancy was affected by neural tube defects （NTDs） or unaffected by any birth defects （BDs） in Zhongyang and Jiaokou Counties in Shanxi Province of China. ResuIts The local average consumption of foods including dark green vegetables, fruits, fat and meat, and nutrient intake （e.g. energy, protein, retinol, riboflavin, vitamin E, and selenium） were lower than the national average level. In women of childbearing age, these regions, the intake of nutrients was much lower than the recommended nutrient intake （9%-77%）. The case-control dietary nutrition study of women whose pregnancy was affected by BDs （including NTDs and congenital heart defects） demonstrated that, in early pregnancy, adequate nutrition （i.e. eating meat, fresh vegetables, fruit more than once a week） was a protective factor, while eating germinated potatoes was a risk factor. The geometrical mean （pS- p95） of serum folic acid in women with NTD birth defects was 9.6 nmol/L （3.6, 23.03）, which was significantly lower than that in normal women （14.03 nmol/L）. Conclusion Women of childbearing age in the two counties of Shanxi Province, China, have a marked insufficient intake of some nutrients, especially folic acid, zinc, vitamins A and B12. This nutrient deficiency may be an important risk factor for the high prevalence of birth defects in these regions. Therefore, adequate dietary nutrition in early pregnancy can prevent BDs.展开更多
基金supported by National Special Program for Science&Technology Basic Resources Investigation of China[Grant Number:2017FY101100 and 2017FY101103]。
文摘Objective This study aimed to assess the relationship between the body composition of children aged 3–5 years and breastfeeding status and duration.Methods The study was conducted using data from the National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for children 0–17 years of age in China(CNHSC),a nationwide cross-sectional study.Breastfeeding information and potential confounders were collected using standardized questionnaires administered through face-to-face interviews.The body composition of preschool children was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis.A multivariate linear regression model was used to assess the relationship between breastfeeding duration and body composition after adjusting for potential confounders.Results In total,2,008 participants were included in the study.Of these,89.2%were ever breastfed and the median duration of breastfeeding was 12 months(IQR 7–15 months).Among children aged 3 years,the height-for-age Z-score(HAZ)for the ever breastfed group was lower than that for never breastfed group(0.12 vs.0.42,P=0.043).In addition,the weight-for-age Z-score(WAZ)of the ever breastfed group was lower than that of the never breastfed group(0.31 vs.0.65,P=0.026),and the WAZ was lower in children aged 4 years who breastfed between 12 and 23 months than in those who never breastfed.Compared to the formula-fed children,the fat-free mass of breastfed infants was higher for children aged 3 years(12.84 kg vs.12.52 kg,P=0.015)and lower for those aged 4 years(14.31 kg vs.14.64 kg,P=0.048),but no difference was detected for children aged 5 years(16.40 kg vs.16.42 kg,P=0.910)after adjusting for potential confounders.No significant difference was detected in the weight-for-height Z-score(WHZ),body mass index(BMI)-for-age Z-score(BAZ),fat-free mass index,and body fat indicators in the ever breastfed and never breastfed groups and among various breastfeeding duration groups for children aged 3–5 years.Conclusion No obvious associations were detected between breastfeeding duration,BMI,and fat mass indicators.Future prospective studies should explore the relationship between breastfeeding status and fat-free mass.
基金funded by the Italian Ministry of Health Grant:RF-2018-12366594“Nerve growth factor in paediatric severe traumatic brain injury:translational and clinical studies on a candidate biomarker and therapeutic drug”(to AC)。
文摘Traumatic brain injury is one of the main causes of mortality and disability worldwide.Traumatic brain injury is characterized by a primary injury directly induced by the impact,which progresses into a secondary injury that leads to cellular and metabolic damages,starting in the first few hours and days after primary mechanical injury.To date,traumatic brain injury is not targetable by therapies aimed at preventing and/or limiting the outcomes of secondary damage but only by palliative therapies.Nerve growth factor is a neurotrophin targeting neuronal and non-neuronal cells,potentially useful in preventing/limiting the outcomes of secondary damage in traumatic brain injury.This potential has further increased in the last two decades since the possibility of reaching neurotrophin targets in the brain through its intranasal delivery has been exploited.Indeed,molecules intranasally delivered to the brain parenchyma may easily bypass the blood-brain barrier and reach their therapeutic targets in the brain,with favorable kinetics,dynamics,and safety profile.In the first part of this review,we aimed to report the traumatic brain injury-induced dysfunctional mechanisms that may benefit from nerve growth factor treatment.In the second part,we then exposed the experimental evidence relating to the action of nerve growth factor(both in vitro and in vivo,after administration routes other than intranasal)on some of these mechanisms.In the last part of the work,we,therefore,discussed the few manuscripts that analyze the effects of treatment with nerve growth factor,intranasally delivered to the brain parenchyma,on the outcomes of traumatic brain injury.
基金supported by the National Natural Sciences [82071690,81971390]Research Foundation of Capital Institute of Pediatrics [FX-2020-05,CXYJ-2-21-09]+1 种基金Public service development and reform pilot project of Beijing Medical Research Institute [BMR2021-1]Beijing Hospitals Authority Clinical technology innovation program [XLMX 202110]。
文摘Objective Circular RNAs(circRNAs)participate in several important pathological processes and have been used in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases.This study aimed to investigate the role of circRNAs in neural tube defects(NTDs).Method We characterized circRNA-associated competitive endogenous RNA(ceRNA)networks in brain tissue of low folate-induced NTDs mouse at embryonic day 13.5 by high-throughput sequencing.The expression levels of Circzfp644,miR-20-5p and Gas7 were detected by RT-PCR.Gas7 and Circzfp644functions were determined by miRNA-mimics and inhibitors in mouse teratocarcinoma cells(F9 cells),and luciferase gene reporter assay was assessed in the F9 cells.In addition,the expression levels of Circzfp644,miR-20-5p and Gas7 were determined by Nanostring in human NTDs tissues.Results We detected 57 circRNA transcripts,16 miRNAs,and 148 mRNAs that were significantly dysregulated in NTDs brain tissues compared with their expression levels in control(normal)tissues.Circzfp644 shared miRNA response elements with the growth arrest specific 7(Gas7)gene and competitively bound with miR-20-5p to increase the expression of Gas7.Downregulation of Circzfp644and Gas7 and upregulation of miR-20-5p were found in human NTD tissue.Conclusion This study provides new perspectives on the role of circRNAs in nervous system development and the pathogenesis of NTDs.
文摘The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical application of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)specific antibody detection and anti-SARS-CoV-2 specific monoclonal antibodies(mAbs)in the treatment of coronavirus infectious disease 2019(COVID-19).The dynamic changes of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies during COVID-19 were studied.Immunoglobulin M(IgM)appeared earlier and lasted for a short time,while immunoglobulin G(IgG)appeared later and lasted longer.IgM tests can be used for early diagnosis of COVID-19,and IgG tests can be used for late diagnosis of COVID-19 and identification of asymptomatic infected persons.The combination of antibody testing and nucleic acid testing,which complement each other,can improve the diagnosis rate of COVID-19.Monoclonal anti-SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies can be used to treat hospitalized severe and critically ill patients and non-hospitalized mild to moderate COVID-19 patients.COVID-19 convalescent plasma,highly concentrated immunoglobulin,and anti-SARS-CoV-2 specific mAbs are examples of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody products.Due to the continuous emergence of mutated strains of the novel coronavirus,especially omicron,its immune escape ability and infectivity are enhanced,making the effects of authorized products reduced or invalid.Therefore,the optimal application of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody products(especially anti-SARS-CoV-2 specific mAbs)is more effective in the treatment of COVID-19 and more conducive to patient recovery.
文摘Objective:This study aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on the clinical characteristics and care needs of infected children during a high-intensity pandemic and to measure the potential effects of vaccination on children's health status and healthcare utilization.Methods:A sample of 903 children who had recently been infected with the novel coronavirus and came to our hospital's emergency department from January 11 to January 30,2023,was used as the research object in this retrospective study.The questionnaire on unknown coronavirus infection was filled out anonymously,and SPSS20.0 software was used for statistical data analysis.Results:The baseline conditions of 903 subjects were studied,including 505 males,accounting for 55.92%,and 398 females,accounting for 44.08%.The age of infection was mainly concentrated in preschool children(26.02%)and school-age children(38.76%).Regarding vaccination,561 cases were vaccinated,accounting for 62.13%.Among them,37 children received one dose of vaccine,accounting for 4.1%,463 children received two doses,accounting for 51.27%,and 61 children received three doses,accounting for 6.76%.For previous allergic diseases,180 children had a history of allergic diseases,accounting for 19.93%.Regarding sources of infection,the most common source was someone at home,accounting for 82.61%.Vaccination can effectively reduce the fever of children infected with the new coronavirus,the number of outpatient and emergency doctor visits,and the risk of hospitalization.In addition,regarding treatment,children in the vaccinated group were more likely to be treated at home,and the types of drugs used also differed from those in the non-vaccinated group.However,the vaccination group has a relatively high incidence of symptoms such as sore throat,cough,abnormal sense of smell and taste,muscle soreness,and headache.However,these are mild clinical symptoms and do not affect children's physical health and development.Parental care needs for children infected with COVID-19 are disparate,and parents of vaccinated children have lower proportions of needs for child care.Conclusion:Vaccination positively impacts the clinical outcomes of children infected with COVID-19 and their parents'well-being.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82170679and Beijing Physician Scientist Training Project,China,No.BJPSTP-2024-28.
文摘Hepatic recompensation is firstly described in the Baveno VII criteria,which requires the fulfillment of strict criteria.First,a primary cause of cirrhosis must be addressed,suppressed,or cured.Second,complications of liver cirrhosis,inclu-ding ascites,encephalopathy,and variceal hemorrhage,must disappear without any intervention.Finally,liver function indicators must be improved.Moreover,without addressing/suppressing/curing cirrhosis and improvement in liver syn-thetic function,complications,including ascites and variceal hemorrhage can be improved by a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS),which is not evidence of hepatic recompensation.Therefore,on the basis of the definition of hepatic recompensation,TIPS does not achieve hepatic recompensation.
基金the Science and Technology Innovation Council of Shenzhen(Grant Nos.JCYJ20200109105212568,KQTD20170810105439418,JCYJ20200109114237902,20200812203318002,and 20200810103814002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12274197)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant Nos.2023A1515030240,2019A1515010790,2021A0505110015).
文摘The development of tellurium(Te)-based semiconductor nanomaterials for efficient light-to-heat conversion may offer an effective means of harvesting sunlight to address global energy concerns.However,the nanosized Te(nano-Te)materials reported to date suffer from a series of drawbacks,including limited light absorption and a lack of surface structures.Herein,we report the preparation of nano-Te by electrochemical exfoliation using an electrolyzable room-temperature ionic liquid.Anions,cations,and their corresponding electrolytic products acting as chemical scissors can precisely intercalate and functionalize bulk Te.The resulting nano-Te has high morphological entropy,rich surface functional groups,and broad light absorption.We also constructed foam hydrogels based on poly(vinyl alcohol)/nano-Te,which achieved an evaporation rate and energy efficiency of 4.11 kg m^(−2)h^(−1)and 128%,respectively,under 1 sun irradiation.Furthermore,the evaporation rate was maintained in the range 2.5-3.0 kg m^(−2)h^(−1)outdoors under 0.5-1.0 sun,providing highly efficient evaporation under low light conditions.
基金supported by grants from the Innovation and Cultivation Fund Project of the Seventh Medical Center,PLA General Hospital(No.QZX-2023-7)Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(No.2021M691649)Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.2021K524C).
文摘Objective:Nucleotide excision repair(NER)plays a vital role in maintaining genome stability,and the effect of NER gene polymorphisms on hepatoblastoma susceptibility is still under investigation.This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between NER gene polymorphisms and the risk of hepatoblastoma in Eastern Chinese Han children.Methods:In this five-center case-control study,we enrolled 966 subjects from East China(193 hepatoblastoma patients and 773 healthy controls).The TaqMan method was used to genotype 19 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)in NER pathway genes,including ERCC1,XPA,XPC,XPD,XPF,and XPG.Then,multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed,and odds ratios(ORs)and 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs)were utilized to assess the strength of associations.Results:Three SNPs were related to hepatoblastoma risk.XPC rs2229090 and XPD rs3810366 significantly contributed to hepatoblastoma risk according to the dominant model(adjusted OR=1.49,95%CI=1.07−2.08,P=0.019;adjusted OR=1.66,95%CI=1.12−2.45,P=0.012,respectively).However,XPD rs238406 conferred a significantly decreased risk of hepatoblastoma under the dominant model(adjusted OR=0.68,95%CI=0.49−0.95;P=0.024).Stratified analysis demonstrated that these significant associations were more prominent in certain subgroups.Moreover,there was evidence of functional implications of these significant SNPs suggested by online expression quantitative trait loci(eQTLs)and splicing quantitative trait loci(sQTLs)analysis.Conclusions:In summary,NER pathway gene polymorphisms(XPC rs2229090,XPD rs3810366,and XPD rs238406)are significantly associated with hepatoblastoma risk,and further research is required to verify these findings.
基金China’s National Natural Science Foundation provided funding for this study(81900222)Guangzhou Science and Technology Program(SL2022A04J01269,202201020646)Guangzhou Health Science and Technology Program(20211A010026).
文摘Aims:Multiple genes and environmental factors are known to be involved in congenital heart disease(CHD),but epigenetic variation has received little attention.Monozygotic(MZ)twins with CHD provide a unique model for exploring this phenomenon.In order to investigate the potential role of Deoxyribonucleic Acid(DNA)methyla-tion in CHD pathogenesis,the present study examined DNA methylation variation in MZ twins discordant for CHD,especially ventricular septal defect(VSD).Methods and Results:Using genome-wide DNA methylation profiles,we identified 4004 differentially methylated regions(DMRs)in 18 MZ twin pairs discordant for CHD,and 2826 genes were identified.Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)analysis revealed a list of CHD-associated pathways.To further investigate the role of DNA methylation in VSD,data from 7 pairs of MZ twins with VSD were analyzed.We identified 1614 DMRs corresponding to 1443 genes associated with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy,cyclic guanosine monopho-sphate-protein kinase G(cGMP-PKG)signaling pathway by KEGG analysis,and cell-cell adhesion,calcium ion transmembrane transport by GO analysis.A proportion of DMR-associated genes were involved in calcium signaling pathways.The methylation changes of calcium signaling genes might be related to VSD pathogenesis.Conclusion:CHD is associated with differential DNA methylation in MZ twins.CHD may be etiologically linked to DNA methylation,and methylation of calcium signaling genes may be involved in the development of VSD.
基金supported by the National Science & Technology Pillar Program under the Eleventh Five-Year Plan of China(No.2007BAI24B05)
文摘Objective To analyze the prevalence of asthma and asthma related symptoms among children aged 0-14 years in three Chinese cities and to obtain a crude estimation of the trend of childhood asthma prevalence in China. Methods A cross-sectional, population-based survey of prevalence of asthrna was conducted in children aged from 0 to 14 years in 3 major cities of China （Beijing, Chongqing, and Guangzhou） with different geographic locations. All the subjects were randomly selected by a multi-stage sampling method. Three to five schools and kindergartens in 2 urban districts in each city were randomly selected for the survey, and a validated questionnaire that included the core questions of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood, Phase III questionnaire and several additional questions were used. All questionnaires were completed by parents or guardians of the selected children. Children whose parents responded affirmatively to the question＂ Has your child ever been diagnosed as asthma by a doctor＂ were recognized as victims of asthma. Results The prevalence of asthma in Beijing, Chongqing, and Guangzhou was 3.15%, 7.45%, and 2.09%, respectively. These values were significantly higher than those obtained 10 years ago in the national epidemiological survey in 2000 which used the same method of investigation and the same diagnotic criteria （x^2=3.938, P=-0.047; 22=73.506, P≤0.001; x^2=11.956, P=0.001, in each city）. Of the asthmatic children 57.21%, 69.91%, and 60.00% had their first attack before the age of 3 in Beijing, Chongqing, and Guangzhou, respectively. Wheezing was the primary clinical manifestation for all asthmatic children, followed by persistent cough and repeated respiratory infections. Both the prevalence of asthma and asthma-related symptoms were statistically higher in males than in females. Conclusion The prevalence of childhood asthma is statistically higher than that 10 years ago in the three Chinese cities.
文摘Neurotrophins are a family of proteins that support neuronal proliferation, survival, and differentiation in the central and peripheral nervous systems, and are regulators of neuronal plasticity. Nerve growth factor is one of the best-described neurotrophins and has advanced to clinical trials for treatment of ocular and brain diseases due to its trophic and regenerative properties. Prior trials over the past few decades have produced conflicting results, which have principally been ascribed to adverse effects of systemic nerve growth factor administration, together with poor penetrance of the blood-brain barrier that impairs drug delivery. Contrastingly, recent studies have revealed that topical ocular and intranasal nerve growth factor administration are safe and effective, suggesting that topical nerve growth factor delivery is a potential alternative to both systemic and invasive intracerebral delivery. The therapeutic effects of local nerve growth factor delivery have been extensively investigated for different ophthalmic diseases, including neurotrophic keratitis, glaucoma, retinitis pigmentosa, and dry eye disease. Further, promising pharmacologic effects were reported in an optic glioma model, which indicated that topically administered nerve growth factor diffused far beyond where it was topically applied. These findings support the therapeutic potential of delivering topical nerve growth factor preparations intranasally for acquired and degenerative brain disorders. Preliminary clinical findings in both traumatic and non-traumatic acquired brain injuries are encouraging, especially in pediatric patients, and clinical trials are ongoing. The present review will focus on the therapeutic effects of both ocular and intranasal nerve growth factor delivery for diseases of the brain and eye.
基金supported by the grants from Beijing Key Science and Technology Program (D08050700320801)Beijing Medical Development Fund (2007‐1024)+1 种基金Beijing Health System Leading Scientist Program (2009‐1‐08)Beijing Municipal Health Bureau Youth Fund (QN 2009‐23)
文摘Objective To explore the impacts of types and degree of obesity on non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） and related lipids disturbance in Chinese school‐age children. Methods A total of 1 452 school‐age Children of 7 to 17 years were recruited in Beijing with representative cluster sampling method. Data of anthropometric measurements including weight, height and waist circumference were collected from March to May of 2007. Body mass index（BMI）was calculated. Blood samples were obtained and lipid profiles including triglyceride （TG）, total cholesterol （TC）, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL‐C） and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL‐C） were measured, while glutamate‐pyruvate transaminase （ALT） and glutamic‐oxalacetic transaminase （AST） were determined to evaluate liver function. The liver was also scanned by sonography, and abnormal hepatic sonograms were documented. NAFLD was diagnosed according to the criteria recommended by the Fatty Liver and Alcoholic Liver Disease Study Group under the Chinese Liver Disease Association. Analysis of covariance （ANOVA）, Chi‐square test for trend and binary logistic regression analysis were performed. Results The dyslipidemia and ultrasonographic fatty liver deteriorated with the degree of obesity defined either by BMI or waist circumference. Compared with BMI, waist circumference contributed more to the development of dyslipidemia, fatty liver and NAFLD. The highest levels of TG, TC, LDL‐C, and lowest level of HDL‐C were seen in the mixed obese group followed by abdominal obese, peripheral obese and non‐obese ones. Adjusted for gender and age, the odds ratios （ORs） and their 95% confidence intervals of peripheral obesity, abdominal obesity and mixed obesity were 0, 10.93 （0.98‐121.96） and 79.16 （10.95‐572.44） for predicting NAFLD; 12.61 （1.24‐127.78）, 19.39 （5.23‐71.85）, and 93.21 （29.56‐293.90） for predicting ultrasonographic fatty liver; 1.78 （0.59‐5.44）, 3.01 （1.91‐4.77）, and 4.64 （3.52‐6.12） for predicting dyslipidemia, respectively compared with the non‐obese control group. The trend of hazards over groups was statistically significant （P0.01）. Conclusion The levels of lipid profile and the prevalence of NAFLD and dyslipidemia increased in parallel with the degree of obesity; As compared with the non‐obese control, the mixed obesity had the strongest association with NAFLD and dyslipidemia, followed by abdominal obesity and peripheral obesity in Chinese school‐age Children.
基金supported by grants from Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission (D08050700320000, D111100000611002)Beijing Medical Development Found (2007-1024)Beijing Health System Leading Talent Grant (2009-1-08)
文摘Objective To assess and compare the predictive effects of hypertension before puberty and during puberty on adult hypertension.Methods A total of 412 adults from the ＂Beijing children and adolescents blood pressure （BP） study＂ cohort were followed up in a clinical examination in 2005.Systolic and diastolic BP,height,and weight in childhood were measured at a baseline survey in 1987.The participants were divided into pre‐puberty and puberty sub‐cohorts according to their pubertal development stage at baseline.Information on adult BP,anthropometric indices and life style were collected through questionnaire and physical examination.BP changes and the predictive effect on adult hypertension were compared between the two sub‐cohorts.Correlation of BP levels between 1987 and 2005 was examined through linear regression models.Results From childhood to adulthood,the regression coefficients of systolic BP were similar in the two sub‐cohorts （both β=0.34,P0.001）,while the coefficient of diastolic BP was larger in the pubertal cohort （β=0.31,P0.001） compared with the pre‐pubertal cohort （β=0.12,P=0.017）.Fifty percent of children with pubertal hypertension became hypertensive adults,while pre‐pubertal hypertension resulted in 34.3%.After adjustment for sex,age,family history of hypertension,obesity in childhood,and adulthood,pubertal hypertension predicted a higher risk of adult hypertension than pre‐pubertal hypertension,with odds ratios （95% confidence intervals） of 10.00 （3.03‐33.07） and 2.71 （0.83‐8.85）,respectively.Conclusion Our results suggest that hypertension during pubertyis likely to result in adult hypertension.
基金supported by the China Mega-project for Infectious Disease [2018ZX10102001,2018ZX10711001,2018ZX10734401,and 2018ZX10734404]the SKLID Development Grant [2011SKLID104]
文摘Objective Autophagy is a highly conserved intracellular degradation pathway. Many picornaviruses induce autophagy to benefit viral replication, but an understanding of how autophagy occurs remains incomplete. In this study, we explored whether coxsackievirus B3(CVB3) infection induced autophagy through endoplasmic reticulum(ER) stress. Methods In CVB3-infected HeLa cells, the specific molecules of ER stress and autophagy were detected using Western blotting, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR), and confocal microscopy. Then PKR-like ER protein kinase(PERK) inhibitor, inositol-requiring protein-1(IRE1) inhibitor, or activating transcription factor-6(ATF6) inhibitor worked on CVB3-infected cells, their effect on autophagy was assessed by Western blotting for detecting microtubule-associated protein light chain 3(LC3). Results CVB3 infection induced ER stress, and ER stress sensors PERK/eIF2α, IRE1/XBP1, and ATF6 were activated. CVB3 infection increased the accumulation of green fluorescent protein(GFP)-LC3 punctuation and induced the conversion from LC3-Ⅰ to phosphatidylethanolamine-conjugated LC3-1(LC3-Ⅱ). CVB3 infection still decreased the expression of mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) and p-mTOR. Inhibition of PERK, IRE1, or ATF6 significantly decreased the ratio of LC3-Ⅱ to LC3-Ⅰ in CVB3-infected HeLa cells. Conclusion CVB3 infection induced autophagy through ER stress in HeL a cells, and PERK, IRE1, and ATF6 a pathways participated in the regulation of autophagy. Our data suggested that ER stress may inhibit mTOR signaling pathway to induce autophagy during CVB3 infection.
基金Supported by Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland Grants 2P05C 001 29 and K/PBW/000421
文摘AIM: To assess the absolute number of T-regulatory cells (Tregs; CD4+CD25+Foxp3+) in the peripheral blood of gastric and colorectal cancer patients. METHODS: We enrolled 70 cancer patients (33 gastric cancer, 37 colorectal cancer) and 17 healthy volunteers. The CD3+CD4+ lymphocytes and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs in the peripheral blood were analyzed with flow cytometry. The absolute numbers of Tregs were calculated based on the CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells percent-age of CD3+CD4+ cells and the absolute numbers of CD3+CD4+ cells per microliter. RESULTS: The mean number of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells per microliter in colorectal cancer patients was 15.7 (SD: 21.8), for gastric cancer patients 12.2 (SD: 14.3), and for controls 17.5 (SD: 11.4). The absolute number of Tregs was significantly lower in gastric cancer patients than in controls (P = 0.026). There was no statistically significant difference for gastric vs colorectal cancer or colorectal cancer vs controls. The absolute number of Tregs was also significantly depressed in N+ vs Ncancer patients [22.0 (27.7) vs 10.1 (9.0), P = 0.013], and in the subgroup of gastric cancer patients [30.3 (27.6) vs 9.6 (8.0), P = 0.003]. No statistical difference was observed in the proportion of Tregs in the CD4+ population between the groups. CONCLUSION: The absolute number of Tregs in peripheral blood of gastric cancer but not colorectal cancer patients was significantly decreased in comparison with that in healthy controls.
文摘Objectives:To describe and compare fear of childbirth and in-labor pain intensity between primiparas and multiparas and explore the association between the amount of actual pain relief and fear of childbirth.Methods:A convenience sampling method was used.A total of 260 women undergoing spontaneous or induced labor,including 97 primiparas and 163 multiparas,were recruited in a large academic specialized hospital in Guangzhou,China,from February 2018 to August 2019.The clinical data of maternal and neonatal were extracted from a structured electronic medical record system.Other demographic information,such as employment and family monthly income,was collected by a questionnaire.The Numeric Rating Scale(NRS)and the Chinese version of the Childbirth Attitude Questionnaire(C-CAQ)were applied to assess maternal in-labor pain intensity and fear of childbirth.The analgesic consumption and the frequency of manual boluses as rescue analgesia were stored and collected from the analgesia pump.Results:Eighty-two(84.5%)primiparas and ninety-nine(60.7%)multiparas received epidural analgesia(P<0.001).In the epidural subgroup,the primiparous average fear of childbirth(36.46±10.93)was higher than that of the multiparas(32.06±10.23)(P¼0.007).However,multiparas reported more intense in-labor pain[8.0(8.0,9.0)vs.8.0(7.0,8.0)],had more successful manual boluses per hour[2.68(1.65,3.85)vs.1.77(0.90,2.47)],more hourly analgesic consumption[23.00(16.00,28.25)vs.17.24(11.52,21.36)mL]and more average analgesic consumption[0.35(0.24,0.45)vs.0.26(0.19,0.35)mL/(h$kg)]than the primiparas(P<0.05).Spearman’s correlation analysis showed that the maximum in-labor pain was weakly positively correlated with fear of childbirth(r¼0.09)(P<0.05),hourly analgesic consumption(r¼0.16)(P<0.01)and average analgesic consumption(r¼0.17)(P<0.05).No statistically significant association was uncovered between analgesic consumption and maternal fear of childbirth.Conclusions:Fear of childbirth is a potential predictor of labor pain intensity.Further study is needed to explore its role and value in pain management during delivery.Parity is not a determinant of pain relief use and should not be a preconceived preference of obstetric care team members to determine the distribution of epidural analgesia,especially when analgesia resources are insufficient.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Innovation and Development Project of National Center for Women and Children’s Health,China CDC[2019KJ08]。
文摘Objective This study aimed to examine the sleep arrangements and soothing methods and to assess their associations with sleep problems among children aged<3 years in China.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2019 from six provinces in China.A total of 1,195 caregivers of children aged 0–35 months were included in the study.Data on sleep arrangements,soothing methods,and sleep problems(i.e.,frequent night awakenings and difficulty falling asleep)were assessed using the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire.The reasons for bed-sharing in sleep arrangements were recorded using a self-designed questionnaire.Results The bed-sharing practice was very prevalent at any age,which ranged from 69.9%to 78.3%.Most infants fell asleep while feeding or being rocked/held before age 12 months.By age 35 months,62.4%of the children fell asleep in bed near parents.The most common reasons for bed-sharing were breastfeeding/feeding and convenience.Parental involvement when falling asleep was significantly related with frequent night awakenings and difficulty falling asleep.No association was found between bed-sharing and sleep.Conclusion Bed-sharing and parental involvement were very common among Chinese children aged<3 years.Children who fall asleep with parental involvement were more likely to have sleep problems.
基金Supported by Grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China No. 30371502the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province No. BK2001120Health Department of Jiangsu Province No. RC2002061
文摘AIM: To confirm whether insulin regulates resistinexpression and secretion during differentiation of 3T3-L1preadipocytes and the relationship of resistin with insulinresistance both in vivo and in vitro.METHODS: Supernatant resistin was measured duringdifferentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. L6 rat myoblastsand hepatoma cell line H4IIE were used to confirm thecellular function of resistin. Diet-induced obese ratswere used as an insulin resistance model to study therelationship of resistin with insulin resistance.RESULTS: Resistin expression and secretion wereenhanced during differentiation 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.This cellular differentiation stimulated resistin expressionand secretion, but was suppressed by insulin. Resistinalso induced insulin resistance in H4IIE hepatocytes andL6 myoblasts. In diet-induced obese rats, serum resistinlevels were negatively correlated with insulin sensitivity,but not with serum insulin.CONCLUSION: Insulin can inhibit resistin expressionand secretion in vitro, but insulin is not a major regulatorof resistin in vivo . Fat tissue mass affects insulinsensitivity by altering the expression and secretion ofresistin.
基金National "973"Project on Population and Health (No. 2001CB5103)National Healthy Baby Promotion Program (No. FP2000NO13)+1 种基金Education Ministry Key Program (No. 02185)National Yangzi Scholar Program, 211 and 985 Projects of Peking University (No. 20020903)
文摘Objective To investigate the association between birth defects and dietary nutrient intake in a high risk area of China. Methods A dietary survey was performed and serum folic acid was measured in women whose pregnancy was affected by neural tube defects （NTDs） or unaffected by any birth defects （BDs） in Zhongyang and Jiaokou Counties in Shanxi Province of China. ResuIts The local average consumption of foods including dark green vegetables, fruits, fat and meat, and nutrient intake （e.g. energy, protein, retinol, riboflavin, vitamin E, and selenium） were lower than the national average level. In women of childbearing age, these regions, the intake of nutrients was much lower than the recommended nutrient intake （9%-77%）. The case-control dietary nutrition study of women whose pregnancy was affected by BDs （including NTDs and congenital heart defects） demonstrated that, in early pregnancy, adequate nutrition （i.e. eating meat, fresh vegetables, fruit more than once a week） was a protective factor, while eating germinated potatoes was a risk factor. The geometrical mean （pS- p95） of serum folic acid in women with NTD birth defects was 9.6 nmol/L （3.6, 23.03）, which was significantly lower than that in normal women （14.03 nmol/L）. Conclusion Women of childbearing age in the two counties of Shanxi Province, China, have a marked insufficient intake of some nutrients, especially folic acid, zinc, vitamins A and B12. This nutrient deficiency may be an important risk factor for the high prevalence of birth defects in these regions. Therefore, adequate dietary nutrition in early pregnancy can prevent BDs.
