Recognition of the international economic situation,governance mechanisms,and the rise of emerging and developing countries is the basis for China’s new diplomatic concept and external strategic pattern.Since the 18t...Recognition of the international economic situation,governance mechanisms,and the rise of emerging and developing countries is the basis for China’s new diplomatic concept and external strategic pattern.Since the 18th CPC National Congress,the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has recognized the changes wrought through changed economic leverage,globalization,and other circumstances.展开更多
The world economy,which has displayed unprecedented changes in the 21st century,has three characteristics: the collective rise of emerging powers,the escalating development of globalization,and the further deteriorati...The world economy,which has displayed unprecedented changes in the 21st century,has three characteristics: the collective rise of emerging powers,the escalating development of globalization,and the further deterioration of global imbalances. International economic development,the relationship between market demand and supply,the balance of power between South and North,and world economic relations and world order are in a state of constant flux. In the next ten years,the world economy will follow a trend that may be defined as "chaotic","changing" and "new". It is "chaotic" because the West will continue to wrestle with the aftermath of the financial and economic crisis,"changing" because the international financial and economic system will be transformed,and "new" because patterns in world power will undergo great changes. The mega-crisis embodies big risks,fundamental reforms,and great opportunities.展开更多
In 2023, the world economy was generally sluggish, and recovery remained weak. Under the pretext of “derisking,” the United States(US)-led West has generalized economic security and engaged in punitive, exclusive, a...In 2023, the world economy was generally sluggish, and recovery remained weak. Under the pretext of “derisking,” the United States(US)-led West has generalized economic security and engaged in punitive, exclusive, and collectivized economic protectionism. Developing countries are struggling.展开更多
The positive figures of last year confirm the strength,resilience,and prospects of the Chinese economy.CHINA’S government work report delivered to the 2024“Two Sessions”in early March released some important statis...The positive figures of last year confirm the strength,resilience,and prospects of the Chinese economy.CHINA’S government work report delivered to the 2024“Two Sessions”in early March released some important statistics.The GDP surpassed RMB 126 trillion,an increase of 5.2 percent.A total of 12.44 million urban jobs were added,and the average surveyed urban unemployment rate stood at 5.2 percent by average.The consumer price index(CPI)rose by 0.2 percent.The production and sales of new-energy vehicles accounted for over 60 percent of the world’s total.Grain output hit a record high of 695 million tonnes.The installed renewable energy capacity surpassed its thermal power for the first time in Chinese history,accounting for over half of newly installed renewable energy capacity worldwide.The per capita disposable income of residents also rose by 6.1 percent nationwide.展开更多
Here are some of the achievements China made in 2023:GDP exceeded 126 trillion yuan($17.43 trillion)with a growth of 5.2 percent;12.44 million new urban jobs were created;average surveyed unemployment rate in urban ar...Here are some of the achievements China made in 2023:GDP exceeded 126 trillion yuan($17.43 trillion)with a growth of 5.2 percent;12.44 million new urban jobs were created;average surveyed unemployment rate in urban areas was 5.2 percent;consumer price index increased by 0.2 percent;new energy vehicle production and sales accounted for more than 60 percent of the global share;grain output reached a record high of 695 billion kg;installed renewable energy capacity surpassed thermal power capacity for the first time in history,and China accounted for over half of newly installed renewable energy capacity worldwide;per-capita disposable income of residents increased by 6.1 percent…展开更多
： Chinese development assistance is totally different in nature in comparison with the aid offered by the United States and Japan. The U.S. sees its aid as a form of ＂mercy＂ to less-developed countries and gives it...： Chinese development assistance is totally different in nature in comparison with the aid offered by the United States and Japan. The U.S. sees its aid as a form of ＂mercy＂ to less-developed countries and gives it with numerous conditions attached. Japan seems to mainly use it to pursue commercial interests. By contrast, Chinese aid is, in essence, cooperation and mutual support between developing countries. This fundamental difference helps to explain why Beiiin＇s aid is so different from that of the Western donors.展开更多
"Energy independence" has been an age-old dream of the U.S.administration,and recently reemerged as a hot topic in the United States.The current decline of U.S. dependence on foreign energy is mainly caused ..."Energy independence" has been an age-old dream of the U.S.administration,and recently reemerged as a hot topic in the United States.The current decline of U.S. dependence on foreign energy is mainly caused by its economic downturn rather than genuine energy independence.Actually the U.S.still needs to import large quantities of crude oil in a rather long time.展开更多
The US sub-prime mortgage crisis has put a sharp brake on the robust growth of the world economy.As the Wall Street financial storm has quickly escalated into a global financial crisis,the whole world has sunk into pa...The US sub-prime mortgage crisis has put a sharp brake on the robust growth of the world economy.As the Wall Street financial storm has quickly escalated into a global financial crisis,the whole world has sunk into panic.The full-scale recession in the developed world has dragged the emerging markets into economic downturn as well.Governments have been caught off guard by the sudden slump in both international trade and investment,and the rapid deterioration of the global development environment.The pernicious feedback loop between the financial sector and the real economy has propelled the financial crisis into an unfathomable abyss,and plunged the world into the worst recession since World WarⅡ.The world economy is expected to start recovering only in 2010.展开更多
The international low-carbon energy transition has been accelerated by national carbon neutral targets.Global consumption of traditional energy sources is entering a bottleneck,the development of new and renewable ene...The international low-carbon energy transition has been accelerated by national carbon neutral targets.Global consumption of traditional energy sources is entering a bottleneck,the development of new and renewable energy is accelerating,and trends of energy electrification,networking,and digitalization are rising.At the same time,amid the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic,some radical and political emissions reduction measures in the low-carbon transition process have exacerbated a short-term international energy supply–demand imbalance,resulting in soaring energy prices and electricity shortages in many countries.The ongoing global energy shortage underscores the complexity and long-term character of the international energy transition,suggesting that the lowcarbon transition process will face numerous new energy security issues.The energy structure shift to low carbon is driving the adjustment of both the connotations and structures of world energy politics,accelerating the evolution of the concept of energy security,strategy,and international energy security frameworks.Traditional and new energy geopolitical games are being played simultaneously,and the global energy geopolitical landscape is brewing multiple new changes.展开更多
The United States is the world's largest economy and China is ranked number four; together the two countries comprise one third of the global economy. 40% of the international economic growth is sustained by the t...The United States is the world's largest economy and China is ranked number four; together the two countries comprise one third of the global economy. 40% of the international economic growth is sustained by the two countries. In terms of international trade, the United States and China are the first and the third largest trading nations respectively. Trade developments of these two countries have a huge impact on international imports and exports.展开更多
The Russia–Ukraine crisis has hit hard the grain production and exports of both countries,weakening their positions on global food markets.Moreover,the crisis has resulted in a shortage of fertilizer supply and a sha...The Russia–Ukraine crisis has hit hard the grain production and exports of both countries,weakening their positions on global food markets.Moreover,the crisis has resulted in a shortage of fertilizer supply and a sharp increase in fertilizer prices.Consequently,global food production is declining,prices are hitting record highs,and market structures are shifting.Overall,global food insecurity is worsening,which,on top of several other factors,could become permanent as an aftermath of the Russia–Ukraine crisis.Therefore,food insecurity has become a topical issue in global governance.Spiking food prices and the ensuing political turbulence in vulnerable countries have altered the balance of strength between developed and developing countries,aggravating the existing imbalance between them.Furthermore,major food-producing countries are using food as a weapon to increase their influence in a fresh round of strategic competition,adding more uncertainties to the once-in-a-century changes shaping the world today.展开更多
Food security is an important foundation stone for national security. As the world's leading food importer, China is profoundly affected by the state of global food security. Since 2020, the world has been experie...Food security is an important foundation stone for national security. As the world's leading food importer, China is profoundly affected by the state of global food security. Since 2020, the world has been experiencing a new round of food crisis because of the combined effect of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Ukraine crisis, and extreme weather conditions. International rivalries over food security are intensifying,and global food security governance is facing severe challenges. Under these conditions, China's food imports have remained robust, and its external dependence has increased. As a result, the external risks confronting China's food security have multiplied significantly, compelling the country to address challenges such as the deteriorating terms of trade for food,spread of protectionism and populism, escalation of geopolitical tensions,potential risks associated with the concentration of import sources,stigmatization it faces when participating in global governance, and extreme climate shocks. Looking ahead, China must uphold a holistic approach to national security, advocating a new concept of food security and strengthening the foundations for food security to establish a new development pattern in this field. Meanwhile, China should improve its diplomatic agenda through the Belt and Road Initiative by increasing support for global governance, actively implementing “Chinese proposals,” and fostering a global community of shared food security for humanity.展开更多
The successive failures of Silicon Valley Bank and two other United States(US) banks triggered a wave of market panic. This study argues that this case should be viewed as a systemic crisis, highlighting the fragility...The successive failures of Silicon Valley Bank and two other United States(US) banks triggered a wave of market panic. This study argues that this case should be viewed as a systemic crisis, highlighting the fragility of the US banking system. Although the turmoil in the banking sector gradually subsided owing to the strong intervention of the US government, it has not ended. Instead, the banking turmoil has transformed into a long-lasting “slow crisis,” which can be characterized as “boiling a frog in warm water,” presenting a comprehensive socio–economic crisis. From a historical and global perspective, the current banking crisis in the US has developed against the backdrop of the once-in-a-century changes that shape the world. Furthermore, its evolutionary path will be different from that of previous ones.展开更多
In recent years,due to the complex interplay of cyclical,structural,geopolitical,geoeconomic,and public health factors,the demand for global financial governance(GFG)has risen to new heights.The global foreign exchang...In recent years,due to the complex interplay of cyclical,structural,geopolitical,geoeconomic,and public health factors,the demand for global financial governance(GFG)has risen to new heights.The global foreign exchange market is undergoing disruptive adjustments;low-income countries are rapidly approaching a debt crisis;the gap in international development finance is widening;and the ongoing Ukraine crisis threatens to fragment and fracture the global economic and financial system.However,the current GFG system cannot address the above issues responsibly and effectively.This is largely because the system is a loose cooperation web based on soft laws instead of a closely integrated mechanism guided by hard rules.Reform on multiple fronts is required to improve the quality and relevance of GFG.This includes refocusing on key issues and ensuring that the system functions as a whole,prioritizing development,modernizing the international debt resolution framework,advancing the reform of international financial institutions,and thinking outside the box.Despite China’s late entry into the GFG system,it is an ardent advocator of international development cooperation,an active promoter of green finance,and a responsible participant in international efforts to address the debt crisis.With its Belt and Road Initiative,Global Security Initiative,Global Development Initiative,and unique path to modernization,China has offered the world an alternative development path while breathing new life into the old GFG system.展开更多
The world economy is no longer running or developing on the trajectory and pattern of economic globalization in good times;instead,it is facing unprecedented interlocking problems and profound adjustments.In 2020,in t...The world economy is no longer running or developing on the trajectory and pattern of economic globalization in good times;instead,it is facing unprecedented interlocking problems and profound adjustments.In 2020,in the face of the global economic recession of-3.1%due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic,there was no loss of confidence such as there is today.At the time,countries were confident that they would come together to tide over the difficulties related to the pandemic.After bottoming out in 2020,the global economy rebounded to 6%growth in 2021.However,it fell back to 3.2%in2022,attracting more attention than ever before.展开更多
Since the emergence of the global financial crisis, the focus of world energy consumption has been shifting eastward, the exploitation of shale gas and other unconventional oil and gas resources has been accelerating,...Since the emergence of the global financial crisis, the focus of world energy consumption has been shifting eastward, the exploitation of shale gas and other unconventional oil and gas resources has been accelerating, and the westem hemisphere has unexpectedly become the location of new energy, thus diversifying the intemational energy order. This has also led to a new geopolitical landscape and has had an impact on climate negotiations. The rise in global energy consumption,展开更多
Why this Topic？In recent years, enthusiasm has been running high among Chinese.scholars for building China-U.S. plus a third party mechanisms, with theother partner taking the form of Japan and South Korea plus other...Why this Topic？In recent years, enthusiasm has been running high among Chinese.scholars for building China-U.S. plus a third party mechanisms, with theother partner taking the form of Japan and South Korea plus other possible candidates. The aim is wider diplomatic dimensions and better interaction with the United States and neighboring countries.1 Some scholars believe that such a trilateral pattern in the form of China-U.S. ＋ Russia, Japan, India and others would serve to dispel strategic mistrust between the two shores of the Pacific Ocean and mend fences among the major Asian powers.2 Others suggest that this paradigm would be significant in easing security dilemmas, reshaping equilibrium and co-managing security issues in the Asia-Pacific region.展开更多
The China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations (CICIR) hosted a conference on'The International Financial Crisis and the Transformation of International System'on April 2nd,2009,the same day that...The China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations (CICIR) hosted a conference on'The International Financial Crisis and the Transformation of International System'on April 2nd,2009,the same day that the G20 summit was held in London.The conference was chaired by Cui Liru,the President of the CICIR,and more than 20 well-known scholars from the CICIR and some other think tanks in Beijing participated. The current international financial crisis has had significant repercussions worldwide,and will have a far-reaching impact on the world economic and political pattern.How will the crisis affect the world economy and where is the way out? How will it change the balance of international power and the world order? What are China's choices? These questions triggered a heated debate among the scholars.展开更多
Rapid development, in the age of globalization and information technology, with profound adjustments of international economic and political patterns, gives rise to the current international tax regime evolving in the...Rapid development, in the age of globalization and information technology, with profound adjustments of international economic and political patterns, gives rise to the current international tax regime evolving in the most significant ways in modern times. Its development trend will influence the flow of international investment and affect the development of world economy.展开更多
China's rapidly increasing demands for energy has been a subject for debate for years.To Chinese observers,the most important issue is how to safeguard energy supply and maintain economic growth.To most Western an...China's rapidly increasing demands for energy has been a subject for debate for years.To Chinese observers,the most important issue is how to safeguard energy supply and maintain economic growth.To most Western analysts,however,the more crucial issue is how Chinese energy policies and activities will affect world energy markets and world politics.展开更多
文摘Recognition of the international economic situation,governance mechanisms,and the rise of emerging and developing countries is the basis for China’s new diplomatic concept and external strategic pattern.Since the 18th CPC National Congress,the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has recognized the changes wrought through changed economic leverage,globalization,and other circumstances.
文摘The world economy,which has displayed unprecedented changes in the 21st century,has three characteristics: the collective rise of emerging powers,the escalating development of globalization,and the further deterioration of global imbalances. International economic development,the relationship between market demand and supply,the balance of power between South and North,and world economic relations and world order are in a state of constant flux. In the next ten years,the world economy will follow a trend that may be defined as "chaotic","changing" and "new". It is "chaotic" because the West will continue to wrestle with the aftermath of the financial and economic crisis,"changing" because the international financial and economic system will be transformed,and "new" because patterns in world power will undergo great changes. The mega-crisis embodies big risks,fundamental reforms,and great opportunities.
文摘In 2023, the world economy was generally sluggish, and recovery remained weak. Under the pretext of “derisking,” the United States(US)-led West has generalized economic security and engaged in punitive, exclusive, and collectivized economic protectionism. Developing countries are struggling.
文摘The positive figures of last year confirm the strength,resilience,and prospects of the Chinese economy.CHINA’S government work report delivered to the 2024“Two Sessions”in early March released some important statistics.The GDP surpassed RMB 126 trillion,an increase of 5.2 percent.A total of 12.44 million urban jobs were added,and the average surveyed urban unemployment rate stood at 5.2 percent by average.The consumer price index(CPI)rose by 0.2 percent.The production and sales of new-energy vehicles accounted for over 60 percent of the world’s total.Grain output hit a record high of 695 million tonnes.The installed renewable energy capacity surpassed its thermal power for the first time in Chinese history,accounting for over half of newly installed renewable energy capacity worldwide.The per capita disposable income of residents also rose by 6.1 percent nationwide.
文摘Here are some of the achievements China made in 2023:GDP exceeded 126 trillion yuan($17.43 trillion)with a growth of 5.2 percent;12.44 million new urban jobs were created;average surveyed unemployment rate in urban areas was 5.2 percent;consumer price index increased by 0.2 percent;new energy vehicle production and sales accounted for more than 60 percent of the global share;grain output reached a record high of 695 billion kg;installed renewable energy capacity surpassed thermal power capacity for the first time in history,and China accounted for over half of newly installed renewable energy capacity worldwide;per-capita disposable income of residents increased by 6.1 percent…
文摘： Chinese development assistance is totally different in nature in comparison with the aid offered by the United States and Japan. The U.S. sees its aid as a form of ＂mercy＂ to less-developed countries and gives it with numerous conditions attached. Japan seems to mainly use it to pursue commercial interests. By contrast, Chinese aid is, in essence, cooperation and mutual support between developing countries. This fundamental difference helps to explain why Beiiin＇s aid is so different from that of the Western donors.
文摘"Energy independence" has been an age-old dream of the U.S.administration,and recently reemerged as a hot topic in the United States.The current decline of U.S. dependence on foreign energy is mainly caused by its economic downturn rather than genuine energy independence.Actually the U.S.still needs to import large quantities of crude oil in a rather long time.
文摘The US sub-prime mortgage crisis has put a sharp brake on the robust growth of the world economy.As the Wall Street financial storm has quickly escalated into a global financial crisis,the whole world has sunk into panic.The full-scale recession in the developed world has dragged the emerging markets into economic downturn as well.Governments have been caught off guard by the sudden slump in both international trade and investment,and the rapid deterioration of the global development environment.The pernicious feedback loop between the financial sector and the real economy has propelled the financial crisis into an unfathomable abyss,and plunged the world into the worst recession since World WarⅡ.The world economy is expected to start recovering only in 2010.
文摘The international low-carbon energy transition has been accelerated by national carbon neutral targets.Global consumption of traditional energy sources is entering a bottleneck,the development of new and renewable energy is accelerating,and trends of energy electrification,networking,and digitalization are rising.At the same time,amid the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic,some radical and political emissions reduction measures in the low-carbon transition process have exacerbated a short-term international energy supply–demand imbalance,resulting in soaring energy prices and electricity shortages in many countries.The ongoing global energy shortage underscores the complexity and long-term character of the international energy transition,suggesting that the lowcarbon transition process will face numerous new energy security issues.The energy structure shift to low carbon is driving the adjustment of both the connotations and structures of world energy politics,accelerating the evolution of the concept of energy security,strategy,and international energy security frameworks.Traditional and new energy geopolitical games are being played simultaneously,and the global energy geopolitical landscape is brewing multiple new changes.
文摘The United States is the world's largest economy and China is ranked number four; together the two countries comprise one third of the global economy. 40% of the international economic growth is sustained by the two countries. In terms of international trade, the United States and China are the first and the third largest trading nations respectively. Trade developments of these two countries have a huge impact on international imports and exports.
文摘The Russia–Ukraine crisis has hit hard the grain production and exports of both countries,weakening their positions on global food markets.Moreover,the crisis has resulted in a shortage of fertilizer supply and a sharp increase in fertilizer prices.Consequently,global food production is declining,prices are hitting record highs,and market structures are shifting.Overall,global food insecurity is worsening,which,on top of several other factors,could become permanent as an aftermath of the Russia–Ukraine crisis.Therefore,food insecurity has become a topical issue in global governance.Spiking food prices and the ensuing political turbulence in vulnerable countries have altered the balance of strength between developed and developing countries,aggravating the existing imbalance between them.Furthermore,major food-producing countries are using food as a weapon to increase their influence in a fresh round of strategic competition,adding more uncertainties to the once-in-a-century changes shaping the world today.
文摘Food security is an important foundation stone for national security. As the world's leading food importer, China is profoundly affected by the state of global food security. Since 2020, the world has been experiencing a new round of food crisis because of the combined effect of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Ukraine crisis, and extreme weather conditions. International rivalries over food security are intensifying,and global food security governance is facing severe challenges. Under these conditions, China's food imports have remained robust, and its external dependence has increased. As a result, the external risks confronting China's food security have multiplied significantly, compelling the country to address challenges such as the deteriorating terms of trade for food,spread of protectionism and populism, escalation of geopolitical tensions,potential risks associated with the concentration of import sources,stigmatization it faces when participating in global governance, and extreme climate shocks. Looking ahead, China must uphold a holistic approach to national security, advocating a new concept of food security and strengthening the foundations for food security to establish a new development pattern in this field. Meanwhile, China should improve its diplomatic agenda through the Belt and Road Initiative by increasing support for global governance, actively implementing “Chinese proposals,” and fostering a global community of shared food security for humanity.
文摘The successive failures of Silicon Valley Bank and two other United States(US) banks triggered a wave of market panic. This study argues that this case should be viewed as a systemic crisis, highlighting the fragility of the US banking system. Although the turmoil in the banking sector gradually subsided owing to the strong intervention of the US government, it has not ended. Instead, the banking turmoil has transformed into a long-lasting “slow crisis,” which can be characterized as “boiling a frog in warm water,” presenting a comprehensive socio–economic crisis. From a historical and global perspective, the current banking crisis in the US has developed against the backdrop of the once-in-a-century changes that shape the world. Furthermore, its evolutionary path will be different from that of previous ones.
文摘In recent years,due to the complex interplay of cyclical,structural,geopolitical,geoeconomic,and public health factors,the demand for global financial governance(GFG)has risen to new heights.The global foreign exchange market is undergoing disruptive adjustments;low-income countries are rapidly approaching a debt crisis;the gap in international development finance is widening;and the ongoing Ukraine crisis threatens to fragment and fracture the global economic and financial system.However,the current GFG system cannot address the above issues responsibly and effectively.This is largely because the system is a loose cooperation web based on soft laws instead of a closely integrated mechanism guided by hard rules.Reform on multiple fronts is required to improve the quality and relevance of GFG.This includes refocusing on key issues and ensuring that the system functions as a whole,prioritizing development,modernizing the international debt resolution framework,advancing the reform of international financial institutions,and thinking outside the box.Despite China’s late entry into the GFG system,it is an ardent advocator of international development cooperation,an active promoter of green finance,and a responsible participant in international efforts to address the debt crisis.With its Belt and Road Initiative,Global Security Initiative,Global Development Initiative,and unique path to modernization,China has offered the world an alternative development path while breathing new life into the old GFG system.
文摘The world economy is no longer running or developing on the trajectory and pattern of economic globalization in good times;instead,it is facing unprecedented interlocking problems and profound adjustments.In 2020,in the face of the global economic recession of-3.1%due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic,there was no loss of confidence such as there is today.At the time,countries were confident that they would come together to tide over the difficulties related to the pandemic.After bottoming out in 2020,the global economy rebounded to 6%growth in 2021.However,it fell back to 3.2%in2022,attracting more attention than ever before.
文摘Since the emergence of the global financial crisis, the focus of world energy consumption has been shifting eastward, the exploitation of shale gas and other unconventional oil and gas resources has been accelerating, and the westem hemisphere has unexpectedly become the location of new energy, thus diversifying the intemational energy order. This has also led to a new geopolitical landscape and has had an impact on climate negotiations. The rise in global energy consumption,
文摘Why this Topic？In recent years, enthusiasm has been running high among Chinese.scholars for building China-U.S. plus a third party mechanisms, with theother partner taking the form of Japan and South Korea plus other possible candidates. The aim is wider diplomatic dimensions and better interaction with the United States and neighboring countries.1 Some scholars believe that such a trilateral pattern in the form of China-U.S. ＋ Russia, Japan, India and others would serve to dispel strategic mistrust between the two shores of the Pacific Ocean and mend fences among the major Asian powers.2 Others suggest that this paradigm would be significant in easing security dilemmas, reshaping equilibrium and co-managing security issues in the Asia-Pacific region.
文摘The China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations (CICIR) hosted a conference on'The International Financial Crisis and the Transformation of International System'on April 2nd,2009,the same day that the G20 summit was held in London.The conference was chaired by Cui Liru,the President of the CICIR,and more than 20 well-known scholars from the CICIR and some other think tanks in Beijing participated. The current international financial crisis has had significant repercussions worldwide,and will have a far-reaching impact on the world economic and political pattern.How will the crisis affect the world economy and where is the way out? How will it change the balance of international power and the world order? What are China's choices? These questions triggered a heated debate among the scholars.
文摘Rapid development, in the age of globalization and information technology, with profound adjustments of international economic and political patterns, gives rise to the current international tax regime evolving in the most significant ways in modern times. Its development trend will influence the flow of international investment and affect the development of world economy.
文摘China's rapidly increasing demands for energy has been a subject for debate for years.To Chinese observers,the most important issue is how to safeguard energy supply and maintain economic growth.To most Western analysts,however,the more crucial issue is how Chinese energy policies and activities will affect world energy markets and world politics.
