The investigation aims to understand how external forces influence tectonic plate movement, causing earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Our emphasis was on calculating perigee forces at various moon-Earth distances. O...The investigation aims to understand how external forces influence tectonic plate movement, causing earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Our emphasis was on calculating perigee forces at various moon-Earth distances. Our initial concern is the fluctuating perigee distance between the Moon and Earth. Later, we will cover Earth’s mass fluctuations caused by crustal inhomogeneity. Gravitational force depends on distance and Earth’s mass variations. Wobbling’s Earth and translation around Sun are additional factors. Tidal variations from the Moon trigger subduction zone earthquakes. Volcanoes in the Ring of Fire are influenced by plate movement on fractures and faults.展开更多
The present work implements the idea that gravity is not a fundamental force and that the observed gravitational dynamics is the result of inertial motions within a Keplerian velocity field of the Higgs Quantum Space ...The present work implements the idea that gravity is not a fundamental force and that the observed gravitational dynamics is the result of inertial motions within a Keplerian velocity field of the Higgs Quantum Space (HQS), giving mass and ruling the inertial motions of matter-energy. The Higgs theory introduces profound changes in the current view about the nature of empty space. It introduces the idea that a real quantum fluid medium, filling up the whole of space, gives mass to the elementary particles by the Higgs mechanism, an effect analogous to the Meissner effect, giving mass to the photons within superconductors. This HQS necessarily governs the inertial motion of matter-energy and is the locally ultimate reference for rest and for motions. The HQS materializes the local Lorentz frames (LFs), turning them into local proper LFs, intrinsically stationary with respect to the local moving HQS. This HQS also necessarily is responsible for the gravitational dynamics;because it is mass that creates the gravitational fields. The observed absence of the gravitational slowing of the GPS clocks by the solar field and the absence of light anisotropy with respect to the moving earth are both obvious signatures of the true physical mechanism of gravity. These observations demonstrate that the HQS is circulating round the sun and round earth according to Keplerian velocity fields (GM/r)1/2, closely consistent respectively with the planetary motions and the orbital motion of the Moon. In this Keplerian velocity field the planets are closely stationary with respect to the local HQS and carried by the moving HQS round the sun without the need of a central force field. The Keplerian velocity field of the HQS is the only possible imaginable mechanism able to give rise to the ingenious outside-inside centrifuge mechanism of gravity that creates a central field of centrifugal forces toward the gravitational center on all matter bodies not moving strictly along direct circular equatorial orbits. The Keplerian velocity field of the HQS is shown to appropriately create all the observed effects of the gravitational fields on matter, on light and on clocks.展开更多
The Theory of Relativity (TR) is now in conflict with a number of trustworthy experimental observations, most of which discovered recently with the help of the tightly synchronized clocks of the GPS. With base in thes...The Theory of Relativity (TR) is now in conflict with a number of trustworthy experimental observations, most of which discovered recently with the help of the tightly synchronized clocks of the GPS. With base in these observations, the present work appoints mistaken assumptions in the construction of the TR, that beginned with a wrong interpretation of the null results of the Michelson light anisotropy experiments. The assumptions of the TR about the nature of space also become unfair within the scenario of the Higgs mechanism, underlying the Standard Elementary Particle Model, according to which space is filled up with real Higgs condensate (HC), responsible for giving mass to the elementary particles. The HC is a real and very powerful quantum space (QS), stable up to 1015 degrees Kelvin that rules the inertial motion of matter and the propagation of light. This QS is the locally ultimate reference for rest and for motions of matter and propagates light at a well defined velocity c with respect to the QS and not with respect to all inertial references. The presence of the HC cancels the reciprocal symmetry between observers that in the TR is the source of many unresolved or badly resolved paradoxes. It also eliminates the intrinsic isotropy of light with respect to all possible inertial references. On the other hand, the recent experimental observations show very clearly that this real QS is moving in the ordinary three-dimensional space according to a Keplerian velocity field round each astronomical body, consistently with the local main astronomical motions, thereby creating the observed gravitational dynamics. This spacedynamics is the quintessence of the gravitational fields and implies that earth is very closely resting with respect to the QS, which explains the null results of the Michelson light anisotropy experiments. All the conventional tests of the TR have been made with atoms or elementary particles at very high velocities within the earth based laboratories. In reality these experiments do not test the assumptions of the TR, but simply show the effect of motion with respect to the local QS. The equations of the TR describe well the corrections of time, mass, energy etc., however in these expressions the relative velocity must be replaced by the velocity with respect to the local QS. This spacedynamics has been shown in References [4] 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F005200650066003400300031003200310036003000370032000000 -[6] 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F005200650066003400300031003200310036003000370033000000 to correctly create the observed gravitational dynamics on earth and in the solar system as well as the galactic gravitational dynamics without the need of dark matter. This theory also correctly accounts for all the experimentally confirmed effects, caused by the gravitational fields on the propagation of light and the rate of clocks and moreover apoints the physical mechanism accelerating the expansion of the universe.展开更多
In this work, we re-assess a class of black hole solutions in a global monopole spacetime in the framework of an f(R)-gravity model. Our main line of investigation consists in considering a region close enough to the ...In this work, we re-assess a class of black hole solutions in a global monopole spacetime in the framework of an f(R)-gravity model. Our main line of investigation consists in considering a region close enough to the black hole, but such that the weak field approximation is still valid. The stability of the black hole is studied in terms of its thermodynamical properties, with the radial coordinate written as a power-law function with the status of the main factor underneath the stability of the model. We obtain the explicit expressions for the thermodynamical quantities of the black hole as functions of the event horizon, by considering both the Hawking and the local temperatures. The phase transitions that may occur in this system, including the Hawking-Page phase transition, are inspected with particular attention. We work out and contemplate a solution of special interest in which one of the parameters is related to the cosmological constant. Our main result sets out to establish a comparison between both the Hawking and the local formalisms for the black hole in the framework of the f(R)-gravity in the particular space-time adopted here.展开更多
The present work investigates the practical consequences of the recent experimental observations, achieved with the help of the tightly synchronized atomic clocks in orbit, on the current view about the nature of the ...The present work investigates the practical consequences of the recent experimental observations, achieved with the help of the tightly synchronized atomic clocks in orbit, on the current view about the nature of the gravitational fields. While clocks, stationary within gravitational fields, show exactly the gravitational slowing predicted by General Relativity (GR), the GPS clocks, in orbit round earth and moving with earth round the sun, do not show the gravitational slowing of the solar field, predicted by GR. This absence can only mean that the orbital motion of earth cancels this gravitational slowing, which obviously cancels too the spacetime curvature. On the other hand, the Higgs theory introduces the Higgs Quantum Space (HQS) giving mass to the elementary particles by the Higgs mechanism. The HQS thus necessarily governs the inertial motion of matter-energy and is locally their ultimate reference for rest and for motions. Motion with respect to the local HQS and not relative motion is what causes clock slowing, light anisotropy and all the, so-called relativistic effects. Non-uniform motion of the HQS itself necessarily creates inertial dynamics, which, after Einstein’s equivalence of gravitational and inertial effects, is gravitational dynamics. The absence of the gravitational slowing of the GPS clocks by the solar field, together with the null results of the light anisotropy experiments on earth, demonstrates that earth is stationary with respect to the local HQS. This can make sense only if the HQS is moving round the sun according to a Keplerian velocity field, consistent with the planetary motions. This Keplerian velocity field of the HQS is the quintessence of the gravitational fields and is shown to naturally and accurately create the gravitational dynamics, observed on earth, in the solar system, in the galaxy and throughout the universe, as well as all the observed effects of the gravitational fields on light and on clocks.展开更多
The main purpose of this paper is to show that the Poincaré <em>q</em>-polynomials admit a representation in terms of the symmetric functions and the Patterson-Selberg (or Ruelle-type) spectral functi...The main purpose of this paper is to show that the Poincaré <em>q</em>-polynomials admit a representation in terms of the symmetric functions and the Patterson-Selberg (or Ruelle-type) spectral functions. We have shown that the <em>q</em>-series elliptic genera can be expressed in terms of <em>q</em>-analogs of the classical special functions, specially the equivalence between the spectral Patterson-Selberg and the Ruelle functions. The main result of this manuscript is to show that this representation can be used in theoretical physics and we analyze them in terms of the Patterson-Selberg spectral function R (<em>s</em>).展开更多
In this paper, we report the observation and characterisation of a systematic error in the implementation of <em>U</em><sub>3</sub> gates in the IBM quantum computers. By measuring the effect o...In this paper, we report the observation and characterisation of a systematic error in the implementation of <em>U</em><sub>3</sub> gates in the IBM quantum computers. By measuring the effect of this gate for various rotation angles the error appears as an over-rotation, whose magnitude does not correlate with IBM’s cited errors calculated using Clifford randomized benchmarking. We propose a simple mitigation procedure to limit the effects of this error. We show that using a simple mitigation strategy one can obtain improved results in the observed value for the CHSH inequality, measured in a cloud-based quantum computer. This work highlights the utility of simple mitigation strategies for short-depth quantum circuits.展开更多
This work discusses the implications of the Higgs theory on Einstein’s General Relativity, showing that these implications accurately lead to all the experimental observations. The Higgs theory introduces the Higgs f...This work discusses the implications of the Higgs theory on Einstein’s General Relativity, showing that these implications accurately lead to all the experimental observations. The Higgs theory introduces the Higgs field breaking the electroweak symmetry and filling up the universe with the Higgs quantum condensate. This Higgs Quantum Space (HQS) gives inertial mass to elementary particles by the Higgs mechanism and hence necessarily is the local ultimate reference for rest and for motions. Velocity with respect to the local HQS and not relative velocity is the origin of all the effects of motion on matter-energy. Within this scenario, the observed absence of the gravitational slowing of the GPS clocks by the solar field, as well as the absence of light anisotropy with respect to earth, demonstrates that earth and also the other planets of the solar system are very nearly stationary with respect to the local HQS. This can make a sense only if the HQS is itself moving round the sun according to a Keplerian velocity field, consistent with the planetary motions. The current theories explain the absence of the solar gravitational slowing of the GPS clocks with base in the principle of equivalence. Accordingly, the local Lorentz frame (LF), moving with earth round the sun, cancels the spacetime curvature and reproduces locally the environment of special relativity. In this local environment, earth and the GPS clocks are stationary and therefore display proper time. In the scenario of the present HQS dynamics, the local HQS materializes the local LFs, turning them into local proper LFs, stationary with respect to the local HQS. In its motion, the HQS carries these local proper LFs with it round the sun. The orbiting earth is stationary with respect to the local moving HQS and necessarily too with respect to these local proper LFs, thereby canceling the effects of the gravitational field and perfectly implementing the principle of equivalence. The present work shows moreover that this Keplerian velocity field of the HQS accurately creates the observed gravitational dynamics and all the effects of the gravitational fields on matter, on light and on clocks.展开更多
This work is concerned about the true physical mechanism of gravity. The Higgs theory introduces important changes in Einstein’s view about the nature of empty space, about the meaning of motions and about the nature...This work is concerned about the true physical mechanism of gravity. The Higgs theory introduces important changes in Einstein’s view about the nature of empty space, about the meaning of motions and about the nature of the gravitational physics. The Higgs Quantum Space (HQS) is a real quantum fluid spatial medium, giving inertial mass to the elementary particles by the Higgs mechanism. Therefore, the HQS rules the inertial motion of matter-energy and is the local ultimate reference for rest and for motions. In this new scenario, velocity with respect to the local HQS and not relative velocity is the origin of all the effects of motion. The HQS also necessarily is responsible for the gravitational fields because it is mass that creates the gravitational fields. The observed absence of the gravitational slowing of the GPS clocks by the solar field and the absence of light anisotropy with respect to earth are both the obvious signature of the true physical mechanism of gravity in action. These observations show that the HQS is moving itself round the sun according to a Keplerian velocity field, consistent with the planetary motions, which will be shown to accurately create, besides the observed gravitational dynamics, all the observed effects of the gravitational fields on light and on clocks. Current theories explain the absence of the solar gravitational slowing of the GPS clocks with base in the principle of equivalence. In the language of the present work, the HQS materializes the local Lorentz frames (LFs), turning them into local proper LFs, intrinsically stationary with respect to the local moving HQS. In its motions, the HQS carries these local proper LFs with it round the sun, so that the planets of the solar system are stationary with respect to them, which directly predicts the absence of the gravitational slowing of the GPS clocks by the solar field, the absence of light anisotropy with respect to earth and all the other effects of the gravitational fields observed on earth.展开更多
In 2011 neutrinos from CERN in Geneva-CH were announced to reach to the OPERA Lab in Gran Sasso-IT 60 ns earlier than light. In reality, the velocity of the neutrinos was compared, not with the measured one-way veloci...In 2011 neutrinos from CERN in Geneva-CH were announced to reach to the OPERA Lab in Gran Sasso-IT 60 ns earlier than light. In reality, the velocity of the neutrinos was compared, not with the measured one-way velocity of light, however with the presumed velocity of light c. As this conclusion breaks the light postulate, the data were withdrawn. In fact, to compare the neutrino velocity with the presumed velocity of light violates a fundamental precept of scientific methodologies. Such a comparison could make a sense only if the velocity of both neutrinos and light had been measured along the same path in vacuum. Actually the absence of the solar gravitational slowing of the GPS clocks, absence of light anisotropy with respect to earth etc. demonstrates that the Higgs Quantum Fluid Space (HQFS), giving mass to the elementary particles and thus ruling their inertial motion, is moving round the sun according to a Keplerian velocity field, consistently with the planetary motions. It is also moving round earth consistently with the orbital motion of the Moon. The Keplerian velocity fields are the quintessence of the gravitational fields. In the earth’s field, the velocity of the HQFS achieves 7.91 km/sec on surface and drags both the neutrinos and light toward the East. In the South-East direction, from CERN to OPERA Lab, making ∼58 degrees with the Meridians, this drag adds 6.7 km/sec to the conventional light velocity c, making neutrinos from CERN (and light) to reach the OPERA Lab ~60 ns earlier than presumed by the current theories.展开更多
This work investigates the nature of the empty space and of the energy accelerating expansion of the universe, within the context of the Higgs theory. It is consensus among the cosmologists that dark energy, accelerat...This work investigates the nature of the empty space and of the energy accelerating expansion of the universe, within the context of the Higgs theory. It is consensus among the cosmologists that dark energy, accelerating the expansion of the universe, is energy of the empty space (vacuum) itself. According to the Higgs theory, empty space (vacuum) is filled up by a real quantum fluid medium, closely analogous to the superconducting condensate, giving mass to the elementary particles by the Higgs mechanism. This spatial medium is the holder of the vacuum energy. Current theories describe the empty space (vacuum) in terms of the stress-energy tensor of a perfect fluid and estimate the vacuum energy density in terms of zero-point energies of the various force fields. They come to the scandalous conclusion that the vacuum energy density is 120 decimal orders of magnitude larger than shown by the observations. In the context of the Higgs theory, empty space, far from a perfect fluid, is a very strongly correlated boson condensate, a perfect quantum fluid ruled by the principles of quantum physics and governed by a powerful order parameter. This order parameter is stabilized by a huge energy gap that, according to the Glashow-Weinberg-Salam electroweak model, achieves more than 200 GeV. This huge energy gap very strongly suppresses the quantum fluctuations and the zero-point energies. This lets clear that estimating the vacuum energy density in terms of the zero-point energies cannot be correct. The expanding universe does not create more and more vacuum energy and does not expand against a negative pressure. The universe is an adiabatic system that conserves the total mass-energy and expansion only reduces the vacuum energy density. Calculations within this context show that the vacuum energy density converges closely to the observed value.展开更多
The present work discusses, in a comprehensible language and simple mathematics, the origin of the gravitational physics in the light of new recent experimental observations, achieved with the help of the tightly sync...The present work discusses, in a comprehensible language and simple mathematics, the origin of the gravitational physics in the light of new recent experimental observations, achieved with the help of the tightly synchronized clocks of the GPS. These observations reveal that real space, ruling the inertial motion of matter and the propagation of light, is moving round the earth and round the sun according to a Keplerian velocity field, consistent with the local main astronomical motions. This Keplerian velocity field of real space is the quintessence of the gravitational fields and appropriately induces the observed gravitational dynamics. Such real space needs not to be invented. It is well at hand in the Quantum Field Theory (QFT), underlying the Standard Elementary Particle Model (SEPM). The QFT entails the idea that space is filled up with the Higgs condensate (HC), a very powerful quantum space (QS). The HC is a Bose-Einstein (BE) condensate of the zero spin Higgs bosons. By coupling to the HC, the elementary particles get inertial mass by the Higgs mechanism, that is, get mechanical properties. This will say that the HC rules the inertial motion of matter and the propagation of light and hence is the locally ultimate reference for rest and for motion of matter and light. The present work acknowledges that, likewise the Meissner effect in superconductors develops macroscopic screening currents, forcing magnetic fields out from superconductors, the Higgs mechanism too entails a macroscopic manifestation in the form of the Keplerian velocity field of the QS round each matter body throughout the universe, consistent with the local main astronomical motions. This Keplerian velocity field screens and thrusts the matter fields out from the HC by squeezing them into a minimum of volume. It is shown that this Keplerian velocity field of the QS appropriately induces the observed gravitational dynamics on earth, in the solar system as well as the galactic gravitational dynamics without the need of dark matter. It also provides an antigravitation mechanism accelerating the expansion of the universe. It finally is shown that this spacedynamics correctly and appropriately gives origin, in terms of simple and genuine physical effects, to all the other observed effects, caused by the gravitational fields on the propagation of light and on the rate of the clocks.展开更多
We present a study of the so called relaxed field equations of general relativity in terms of a decomposition of the metric;which is designed to deal with the notion of particles. Several known results are generalized...We present a study of the so called relaxed field equations of general relativity in terms of a decomposition of the metric;which is designed to deal with the notion of particles. Several known results are generalized to a coordinate free covariant discussion. We apply our techniques to the study of a particle up to second order.展开更多
The disappearance searching experiments ?use charged current quasielastic (CCQE) reaction to detect an arriving neutrino and reconstruct its energy, while the CC1π+ production can mimic the CCQE signal process. In ?a...The disappearance searching experiments ?use charged current quasielastic (CCQE) reaction to detect an arriving neutrino and reconstruct its energy, while the CC1π+ production can mimic the CCQE signal process. In ?appearance experiments, the NC1π0 production process can lead to a fake e-?event by the impossibility for the detector of distinguish an arriving electron or a photon. Here we present a consistent model, from the point of view of the construction of the elemental amplitude, for the mentioned pion production background processes including bounding, smearing and final state interaction (FSI) effects in a single fashion. Results are comparable with more evolved approaches based on Monte Carlo simulations.展开更多
Many recent highly precise and unmistakable observational facts achieved thanks to the tightly synchronized clocks of the GPS, provide consistent evidence that the gravitational fields are created by velocity fields o...Many recent highly precise and unmistakable observational facts achieved thanks to the tightly synchronized clocks of the GPS, provide consistent evidence that the gravitational fields are created by velocity fields of real space itself, a vigorous and very stable quantum fluid like spatial medium, the same space that rules the propagation of light and the inertial motion of matter. It is shown that motion of this real space in the ordinary three dimensions round the Earth, round the Sun and round the galactic centers throughout the universe, according to velocity fields closely consistent with the local main astronomical motions, correctly induces the gravitational dynamics observed within these gravitational fields. In this spacedynamics the astronomical bodies all closely rest with respect to the real space, which forth-rightly leads to the observed null results of the Michelson light anisotropy experiments as well as to the absence of effects of the solar and galactic gravitational fields on the rate of clocks moving with Earth as recently discovered with the help of the GPS clocks. This spacedynamics exempts us from explaining the circular orbital motions of the planets round the Sun, likewise the rotation of Earth exempted people from explaining the diurnal transit of the heavens in the days of Copernicus and Galileo, because it is space itself that so moves. This spacedynamics also eliminates the need of dark matter and dark energy to explain respectively the galactic gravitational dynamics and the accelerated expansion of the universe. It also straightforwardly accounts in terms of well known and genuine physical effects for all the other observed effects, caused by the gravitational fields on the velocity of light and on the rate of clocks, including all the new effects recently discovered with the help of the GPS. It moreover simulates the non-Euclidean metric underlying Einstein’s spacetime curvature. This spacedynamics is the crucial innovation in the current world conception that definitively resolves all at once the troubles afflicting the current theories of space and gravitation.展开更多
The formation and evolution of cosmic string wakes in the framework of a <i>f</i>(<i>R</i>) theory of gravity are investigated in this work. We consider a simple model in which baryonic matter ...The formation and evolution of cosmic string wakes in the framework of a <i>f</i>(<i>R</i>) theory of gravity are investigated in this work. We consider a simple model in which baryonic matter flows past a cosmic string. We treat this problem in the Zel’dovich approximation. We compare our results with previous results obtained in the context of General Relativity and Scalar-Theories of Gravity.展开更多
The phase behavior of a two dimensional fluid confined within hydrophobic walls is obtained by Monte Carlo simulations.The fluid is described by the associating lattice gas model which reproduces the density and diffu...The phase behavior of a two dimensional fluid confined within hydrophobic walls is obtained by Monte Carlo simulations.The fluid is described by the associating lattice gas model which reproduces the density and diffusion anomalous behavior of water.The confined fluid exhibits a liquid-liquid critical temperature which decreases with the decrease of the distance between the confining walls.In contact with the wall a dewetting is observed.The thickness of this interfacial layer is independent of the distance between the two walls.Even for very small distances between the two walls no total depletion is observed and consequently no drying transition is present.展开更多
Switching mechanisms and energy-storage properties have been investigated in(Pb_(0.98)La_(0.02)T(Zr_(0.95)Ti_(0.05)T_(0.995O_(3)) antiferroelectric ceramics.The electric field dependence of polarization(P–E hysteresi...Switching mechanisms and energy-storage properties have been investigated in(Pb_(0.98)La_(0.02)T(Zr_(0.95)Ti_(0.05)T_(0.995O_(3)) antiferroelectric ceramics.The electric field dependence of polarization(P–E hysteresis loops)indicates that both the ferroelectric(FE)and antiferroelectric(AFE)phases coexist,being the AFE more stable above 100℃.It has been observed that the temperature has an important influence on the switching parameters.On the other hand,the energy-storage density,which has been calculated from the P–E hysteresis loops,shows values higher than 1 J/cm^(3) for temperatures above 100℃ with around 73%of efficiency as average.These properties indicate that the studied ceramic system reveals as a promising AFE material for energy-storage devices application.展开更多
文摘The investigation aims to understand how external forces influence tectonic plate movement, causing earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Our emphasis was on calculating perigee forces at various moon-Earth distances. Our initial concern is the fluctuating perigee distance between the Moon and Earth. Later, we will cover Earth’s mass fluctuations caused by crustal inhomogeneity. Gravitational force depends on distance and Earth’s mass variations. Wobbling’s Earth and translation around Sun are additional factors. Tidal variations from the Moon trigger subduction zone earthquakes. Volcanoes in the Ring of Fire are influenced by plate movement on fractures and faults.
文摘The present work implements the idea that gravity is not a fundamental force and that the observed gravitational dynamics is the result of inertial motions within a Keplerian velocity field of the Higgs Quantum Space (HQS), giving mass and ruling the inertial motions of matter-energy. The Higgs theory introduces profound changes in the current view about the nature of empty space. It introduces the idea that a real quantum fluid medium, filling up the whole of space, gives mass to the elementary particles by the Higgs mechanism, an effect analogous to the Meissner effect, giving mass to the photons within superconductors. This HQS necessarily governs the inertial motion of matter-energy and is the locally ultimate reference for rest and for motions. The HQS materializes the local Lorentz frames (LFs), turning them into local proper LFs, intrinsically stationary with respect to the local moving HQS. This HQS also necessarily is responsible for the gravitational dynamics;because it is mass that creates the gravitational fields. The observed absence of the gravitational slowing of the GPS clocks by the solar field and the absence of light anisotropy with respect to the moving earth are both obvious signatures of the true physical mechanism of gravity. These observations demonstrate that the HQS is circulating round the sun and round earth according to Keplerian velocity fields (GM/r)1/2, closely consistent respectively with the planetary motions and the orbital motion of the Moon. In this Keplerian velocity field the planets are closely stationary with respect to the local HQS and carried by the moving HQS round the sun without the need of a central force field. The Keplerian velocity field of the HQS is the only possible imaginable mechanism able to give rise to the ingenious outside-inside centrifuge mechanism of gravity that creates a central field of centrifugal forces toward the gravitational center on all matter bodies not moving strictly along direct circular equatorial orbits. The Keplerian velocity field of the HQS is shown to appropriately create all the observed effects of the gravitational fields on matter, on light and on clocks.
文摘The Theory of Relativity (TR) is now in conflict with a number of trustworthy experimental observations, most of which discovered recently with the help of the tightly synchronized clocks of the GPS. With base in these observations, the present work appoints mistaken assumptions in the construction of the TR, that beginned with a wrong interpretation of the null results of the Michelson light anisotropy experiments. The assumptions of the TR about the nature of space also become unfair within the scenario of the Higgs mechanism, underlying the Standard Elementary Particle Model, according to which space is filled up with real Higgs condensate (HC), responsible for giving mass to the elementary particles. The HC is a real and very powerful quantum space (QS), stable up to 1015 degrees Kelvin that rules the inertial motion of matter and the propagation of light. This QS is the locally ultimate reference for rest and for motions of matter and propagates light at a well defined velocity c with respect to the QS and not with respect to all inertial references. The presence of the HC cancels the reciprocal symmetry between observers that in the TR is the source of many unresolved or badly resolved paradoxes. It also eliminates the intrinsic isotropy of light with respect to all possible inertial references. On the other hand, the recent experimental observations show very clearly that this real QS is moving in the ordinary three-dimensional space according to a Keplerian velocity field round each astronomical body, consistently with the local main astronomical motions, thereby creating the observed gravitational dynamics. This spacedynamics is the quintessence of the gravitational fields and implies that earth is very closely resting with respect to the QS, which explains the null results of the Michelson light anisotropy experiments. All the conventional tests of the TR have been made with atoms or elementary particles at very high velocities within the earth based laboratories. In reality these experiments do not test the assumptions of the TR, but simply show the effect of motion with respect to the local QS. The equations of the TR describe well the corrections of time, mass, energy etc., however in these expressions the relative velocity must be replaced by the velocity with respect to the local QS. This spacedynamics has been shown in References [4] 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F005200650066003400300031003200310036003000370032000000 -[6] 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F005200650066003400300031003200310036003000370033000000 to correctly create the observed gravitational dynamics on earth and in the solar system as well as the galactic gravitational dynamics without the need of dark matter. This theory also correctly accounts for all the experimentally confirmed effects, caused by the gravitational fields on the propagation of light and the rate of clocks and moreover apoints the physical mechanism accelerating the expansion of the universe.
基金CNPq-Brasil for his MSc Fellowship at the Instituto de Fsica of Universidade Federal Fluminense
文摘In this work, we re-assess a class of black hole solutions in a global monopole spacetime in the framework of an f(R)-gravity model. Our main line of investigation consists in considering a region close enough to the black hole, but such that the weak field approximation is still valid. The stability of the black hole is studied in terms of its thermodynamical properties, with the radial coordinate written as a power-law function with the status of the main factor underneath the stability of the model. We obtain the explicit expressions for the thermodynamical quantities of the black hole as functions of the event horizon, by considering both the Hawking and the local temperatures. The phase transitions that may occur in this system, including the Hawking-Page phase transition, are inspected with particular attention. We work out and contemplate a solution of special interest in which one of the parameters is related to the cosmological constant. Our main result sets out to establish a comparison between both the Hawking and the local formalisms for the black hole in the framework of the f(R)-gravity in the particular space-time adopted here.
文摘The present work investigates the practical consequences of the recent experimental observations, achieved with the help of the tightly synchronized atomic clocks in orbit, on the current view about the nature of the gravitational fields. While clocks, stationary within gravitational fields, show exactly the gravitational slowing predicted by General Relativity (GR), the GPS clocks, in orbit round earth and moving with earth round the sun, do not show the gravitational slowing of the solar field, predicted by GR. This absence can only mean that the orbital motion of earth cancels this gravitational slowing, which obviously cancels too the spacetime curvature. On the other hand, the Higgs theory introduces the Higgs Quantum Space (HQS) giving mass to the elementary particles by the Higgs mechanism. The HQS thus necessarily governs the inertial motion of matter-energy and is locally their ultimate reference for rest and for motions. Motion with respect to the local HQS and not relative motion is what causes clock slowing, light anisotropy and all the, so-called relativistic effects. Non-uniform motion of the HQS itself necessarily creates inertial dynamics, which, after Einstein’s equivalence of gravitational and inertial effects, is gravitational dynamics. The absence of the gravitational slowing of the GPS clocks by the solar field, together with the null results of the light anisotropy experiments on earth, demonstrates that earth is stationary with respect to the local HQS. This can make sense only if the HQS is moving round the sun according to a Keplerian velocity field, consistent with the planetary motions. This Keplerian velocity field of the HQS is the quintessence of the gravitational fields and is shown to naturally and accurately create the gravitational dynamics, observed on earth, in the solar system, in the galaxy and throughout the universe, as well as all the observed effects of the gravitational fields on light and on clocks.
文摘The main purpose of this paper is to show that the Poincaré <em>q</em>-polynomials admit a representation in terms of the symmetric functions and the Patterson-Selberg (or Ruelle-type) spectral functions. We have shown that the <em>q</em>-series elliptic genera can be expressed in terms of <em>q</em>-analogs of the classical special functions, specially the equivalence between the spectral Patterson-Selberg and the Ruelle functions. The main result of this manuscript is to show that this representation can be used in theoretical physics and we analyze them in terms of the Patterson-Selberg spectral function R (<em>s</em>).
文摘In this paper, we report the observation and characterisation of a systematic error in the implementation of <em>U</em><sub>3</sub> gates in the IBM quantum computers. By measuring the effect of this gate for various rotation angles the error appears as an over-rotation, whose magnitude does not correlate with IBM’s cited errors calculated using Clifford randomized benchmarking. We propose a simple mitigation procedure to limit the effects of this error. We show that using a simple mitigation strategy one can obtain improved results in the observed value for the CHSH inequality, measured in a cloud-based quantum computer. This work highlights the utility of simple mitigation strategies for short-depth quantum circuits.
文摘This work discusses the implications of the Higgs theory on Einstein’s General Relativity, showing that these implications accurately lead to all the experimental observations. The Higgs theory introduces the Higgs field breaking the electroweak symmetry and filling up the universe with the Higgs quantum condensate. This Higgs Quantum Space (HQS) gives inertial mass to elementary particles by the Higgs mechanism and hence necessarily is the local ultimate reference for rest and for motions. Velocity with respect to the local HQS and not relative velocity is the origin of all the effects of motion on matter-energy. Within this scenario, the observed absence of the gravitational slowing of the GPS clocks by the solar field, as well as the absence of light anisotropy with respect to earth, demonstrates that earth and also the other planets of the solar system are very nearly stationary with respect to the local HQS. This can make a sense only if the HQS is itself moving round the sun according to a Keplerian velocity field, consistent with the planetary motions. The current theories explain the absence of the solar gravitational slowing of the GPS clocks with base in the principle of equivalence. Accordingly, the local Lorentz frame (LF), moving with earth round the sun, cancels the spacetime curvature and reproduces locally the environment of special relativity. In this local environment, earth and the GPS clocks are stationary and therefore display proper time. In the scenario of the present HQS dynamics, the local HQS materializes the local LFs, turning them into local proper LFs, stationary with respect to the local HQS. In its motion, the HQS carries these local proper LFs with it round the sun. The orbiting earth is stationary with respect to the local moving HQS and necessarily too with respect to these local proper LFs, thereby canceling the effects of the gravitational field and perfectly implementing the principle of equivalence. The present work shows moreover that this Keplerian velocity field of the HQS accurately creates the observed gravitational dynamics and all the effects of the gravitational fields on matter, on light and on clocks.
文摘This work is concerned about the true physical mechanism of gravity. The Higgs theory introduces important changes in Einstein’s view about the nature of empty space, about the meaning of motions and about the nature of the gravitational physics. The Higgs Quantum Space (HQS) is a real quantum fluid spatial medium, giving inertial mass to the elementary particles by the Higgs mechanism. Therefore, the HQS rules the inertial motion of matter-energy and is the local ultimate reference for rest and for motions. In this new scenario, velocity with respect to the local HQS and not relative velocity is the origin of all the effects of motion. The HQS also necessarily is responsible for the gravitational fields because it is mass that creates the gravitational fields. The observed absence of the gravitational slowing of the GPS clocks by the solar field and the absence of light anisotropy with respect to earth are both the obvious signature of the true physical mechanism of gravity in action. These observations show that the HQS is moving itself round the sun according to a Keplerian velocity field, consistent with the planetary motions, which will be shown to accurately create, besides the observed gravitational dynamics, all the observed effects of the gravitational fields on light and on clocks. Current theories explain the absence of the solar gravitational slowing of the GPS clocks with base in the principle of equivalence. In the language of the present work, the HQS materializes the local Lorentz frames (LFs), turning them into local proper LFs, intrinsically stationary with respect to the local moving HQS. In its motions, the HQS carries these local proper LFs with it round the sun, so that the planets of the solar system are stationary with respect to them, which directly predicts the absence of the gravitational slowing of the GPS clocks by the solar field, the absence of light anisotropy with respect to earth and all the other effects of the gravitational fields observed on earth.
文摘In 2011 neutrinos from CERN in Geneva-CH were announced to reach to the OPERA Lab in Gran Sasso-IT 60 ns earlier than light. In reality, the velocity of the neutrinos was compared, not with the measured one-way velocity of light, however with the presumed velocity of light c. As this conclusion breaks the light postulate, the data were withdrawn. In fact, to compare the neutrino velocity with the presumed velocity of light violates a fundamental precept of scientific methodologies. Such a comparison could make a sense only if the velocity of both neutrinos and light had been measured along the same path in vacuum. Actually the absence of the solar gravitational slowing of the GPS clocks, absence of light anisotropy with respect to earth etc. demonstrates that the Higgs Quantum Fluid Space (HQFS), giving mass to the elementary particles and thus ruling their inertial motion, is moving round the sun according to a Keplerian velocity field, consistently with the planetary motions. It is also moving round earth consistently with the orbital motion of the Moon. The Keplerian velocity fields are the quintessence of the gravitational fields. In the earth’s field, the velocity of the HQFS achieves 7.91 km/sec on surface and drags both the neutrinos and light toward the East. In the South-East direction, from CERN to OPERA Lab, making ∼58 degrees with the Meridians, this drag adds 6.7 km/sec to the conventional light velocity c, making neutrinos from CERN (and light) to reach the OPERA Lab ~60 ns earlier than presumed by the current theories.
文摘This work investigates the nature of the empty space and of the energy accelerating expansion of the universe, within the context of the Higgs theory. It is consensus among the cosmologists that dark energy, accelerating the expansion of the universe, is energy of the empty space (vacuum) itself. According to the Higgs theory, empty space (vacuum) is filled up by a real quantum fluid medium, closely analogous to the superconducting condensate, giving mass to the elementary particles by the Higgs mechanism. This spatial medium is the holder of the vacuum energy. Current theories describe the empty space (vacuum) in terms of the stress-energy tensor of a perfect fluid and estimate the vacuum energy density in terms of zero-point energies of the various force fields. They come to the scandalous conclusion that the vacuum energy density is 120 decimal orders of magnitude larger than shown by the observations. In the context of the Higgs theory, empty space, far from a perfect fluid, is a very strongly correlated boson condensate, a perfect quantum fluid ruled by the principles of quantum physics and governed by a powerful order parameter. This order parameter is stabilized by a huge energy gap that, according to the Glashow-Weinberg-Salam electroweak model, achieves more than 200 GeV. This huge energy gap very strongly suppresses the quantum fluctuations and the zero-point energies. This lets clear that estimating the vacuum energy density in terms of the zero-point energies cannot be correct. The expanding universe does not create more and more vacuum energy and does not expand against a negative pressure. The universe is an adiabatic system that conserves the total mass-energy and expansion only reduces the vacuum energy density. Calculations within this context show that the vacuum energy density converges closely to the observed value.
文摘The present work discusses, in a comprehensible language and simple mathematics, the origin of the gravitational physics in the light of new recent experimental observations, achieved with the help of the tightly synchronized clocks of the GPS. These observations reveal that real space, ruling the inertial motion of matter and the propagation of light, is moving round the earth and round the sun according to a Keplerian velocity field, consistent with the local main astronomical motions. This Keplerian velocity field of real space is the quintessence of the gravitational fields and appropriately induces the observed gravitational dynamics. Such real space needs not to be invented. It is well at hand in the Quantum Field Theory (QFT), underlying the Standard Elementary Particle Model (SEPM). The QFT entails the idea that space is filled up with the Higgs condensate (HC), a very powerful quantum space (QS). The HC is a Bose-Einstein (BE) condensate of the zero spin Higgs bosons. By coupling to the HC, the elementary particles get inertial mass by the Higgs mechanism, that is, get mechanical properties. This will say that the HC rules the inertial motion of matter and the propagation of light and hence is the locally ultimate reference for rest and for motion of matter and light. The present work acknowledges that, likewise the Meissner effect in superconductors develops macroscopic screening currents, forcing magnetic fields out from superconductors, the Higgs mechanism too entails a macroscopic manifestation in the form of the Keplerian velocity field of the QS round each matter body throughout the universe, consistent with the local main astronomical motions. This Keplerian velocity field screens and thrusts the matter fields out from the HC by squeezing them into a minimum of volume. It is shown that this Keplerian velocity field of the QS appropriately induces the observed gravitational dynamics on earth, in the solar system as well as the galactic gravitational dynamics without the need of dark matter. It also provides an antigravitation mechanism accelerating the expansion of the universe. It finally is shown that this spacedynamics correctly and appropriately gives origin, in terms of simple and genuine physical effects, to all the other observed effects, caused by the gravitational fields on the propagation of light and on the rate of the clocks.
文摘We present a study of the so called relaxed field equations of general relativity in terms of a decomposition of the metric;which is designed to deal with the notion of particles. Several known results are generalized to a coordinate free covariant discussion. We apply our techniques to the study of a particle up to second order.
文摘The disappearance searching experiments ?use charged current quasielastic (CCQE) reaction to detect an arriving neutrino and reconstruct its energy, while the CC1π+ production can mimic the CCQE signal process. In ?appearance experiments, the NC1π0 production process can lead to a fake e-?event by the impossibility for the detector of distinguish an arriving electron or a photon. Here we present a consistent model, from the point of view of the construction of the elemental amplitude, for the mentioned pion production background processes including bounding, smearing and final state interaction (FSI) effects in a single fashion. Results are comparable with more evolved approaches based on Monte Carlo simulations.
文摘Many recent highly precise and unmistakable observational facts achieved thanks to the tightly synchronized clocks of the GPS, provide consistent evidence that the gravitational fields are created by velocity fields of real space itself, a vigorous and very stable quantum fluid like spatial medium, the same space that rules the propagation of light and the inertial motion of matter. It is shown that motion of this real space in the ordinary three dimensions round the Earth, round the Sun and round the galactic centers throughout the universe, according to velocity fields closely consistent with the local main astronomical motions, correctly induces the gravitational dynamics observed within these gravitational fields. In this spacedynamics the astronomical bodies all closely rest with respect to the real space, which forth-rightly leads to the observed null results of the Michelson light anisotropy experiments as well as to the absence of effects of the solar and galactic gravitational fields on the rate of clocks moving with Earth as recently discovered with the help of the GPS clocks. This spacedynamics exempts us from explaining the circular orbital motions of the planets round the Sun, likewise the rotation of Earth exempted people from explaining the diurnal transit of the heavens in the days of Copernicus and Galileo, because it is space itself that so moves. This spacedynamics also eliminates the need of dark matter and dark energy to explain respectively the galactic gravitational dynamics and the accelerated expansion of the universe. It also straightforwardly accounts in terms of well known and genuine physical effects for all the other observed effects, caused by the gravitational fields on the velocity of light and on the rate of clocks, including all the new effects recently discovered with the help of the GPS. It moreover simulates the non-Euclidean metric underlying Einstein’s spacetime curvature. This spacedynamics is the crucial innovation in the current world conception that definitively resolves all at once the troubles afflicting the current theories of space and gravitation.
文摘The formation and evolution of cosmic string wakes in the framework of a <i>f</i>(<i>R</i>) theory of gravity are investigated in this work. We consider a simple model in which baryonic matter flows past a cosmic string. We treat this problem in the Zel’dovich approximation. We compare our results with previous results obtained in the context of General Relativity and Scalar-Theories of Gravity.
基金supported by the Brazilian agencies CNPq,INCT-FCx,and Capes and the SECITI of Mexico city
文摘The phase behavior of a two dimensional fluid confined within hydrophobic walls is obtained by Monte Carlo simulations.The fluid is described by the associating lattice gas model which reproduces the density and diffusion anomalous behavior of water.The confined fluid exhibits a liquid-liquid critical temperature which decreases with the decrease of the distance between the confining walls.In contact with the wall a dewetting is observed.The thickness of this interfacial layer is independent of the distance between the two walls.Even for very small distances between the two walls no total depletion is observed and consequently no drying transition is present.
基金the Third World Academy of Sciences(RG/PHYS/LA Nos.99-050,02-225 and 05-043)the ICTP,Trieste-Italy,for financial support of Latin-American Network of Ferroelectric Materials(NET-43).
文摘Switching mechanisms and energy-storage properties have been investigated in(Pb_(0.98)La_(0.02)T(Zr_(0.95)Ti_(0.05)T_(0.995O_(3)) antiferroelectric ceramics.The electric field dependence of polarization(P–E hysteresis loops)indicates that both the ferroelectric(FE)and antiferroelectric(AFE)phases coexist,being the AFE more stable above 100℃.It has been observed that the temperature has an important influence on the switching parameters.On the other hand,the energy-storage density,which has been calculated from the P–E hysteresis loops,shows values higher than 1 J/cm^(3) for temperatures above 100℃ with around 73%of efficiency as average.These properties indicate that the studied ceramic system reveals as a promising AFE material for energy-storage devices application.
