The paper presents the recent evolution and development of Trentino retail planning policies and discusses an experimentation of a meta-evaluation methodology, namely TIE (Territorial Integrated Evaluation), for des...The paper presents the recent evolution and development of Trentino retail planning policies and discusses an experimentation of a meta-evaluation methodology, namely TIE (Territorial Integrated Evaluation), for designing retail resilient scenarios. A research team from the Interuniversity Department of Regional and Urban Studies and Planning of Politecnico di Torino applied this methodology experimentally to the practices of spatial planning in order to integrate territory and retail in the Trentino development policies. The application of TIE set out to design territorial retail scenarios that integrated various topics--retail, tourism, infrastructure, nature and landscape. On the base of TIE principles and criteria, each VC (Valley Community) is now implementing how to design its territorial scenarios assuming different approaches and visions according to its retail opportunities and risks. Starting from some best practices, the paper focuses on the innovative perspective for retail planning and for retail sites designed in Trentino. The emerging regional policy is aimed at linking quality of territorial retail development with environmental sustainability, respecting attractiveness and balance among different retail sites.展开更多
Near-surface wind speed exerts profound impacts on many environmental issues,while the long-term(≥60 years)trend and multidecadal variability in the wind speed and its underlying causes in global high-elevation and m...Near-surface wind speed exerts profound impacts on many environmental issues,while the long-term(≥60 years)trend and multidecadal variability in the wind speed and its underlying causes in global high-elevation and mountainous areas(e.g.,Tibetan Plateau)remain largely unknown.Here,by examining homogenized wind speed data from 104 meteorological stations over the Tibetan Plateau for 1961-2020 and ERA5 reanalysis datasets,we investigated the variability and long-term trend in the near-surface wind speed and revealed the role played by the westerly and Asian monsoon.The results show that the homogenized annual wind speed displays a decreasing trend(-0.091 m s^(−1)per decade,p<0.05),with the strongest in spring(-0.131 m s^(−1)per decade,p<0.05),and the weakest in autumn(-0.071 m s^(−1)per decade,p<0.05).There is a distinct multidecadal variability of wind speed,which manifested in an prominent increase in 1961-1970,a sustained decrease in 1970-2002,and a consistent increase in 2002-2020.The observed decadal variations are likely linked to large-scale atmospheric circulation,and the correlation analysis unveiled a more important role of westerly and East Asian winter monsoon in modulating near-surface wind changes over the Tibetan Plateau.The potential physical processes associated with westerly and Asian monsoon changes are in concordance with wind speed change,in terms of overall weakened horizontal air flow(i.e.,geostrophic wind speed),declined vertical thermal and dynamic momentum transfer(i.e.,atmospheric stratification thermal instability and vertical wind shear),and varied Tibetan Plateau vortices.This indicates that to varying degrees these processes may have contributed to the changes in near-surface wind speed over the Tibetan Plateau.This study has implications for wind power production and soil wind erosion prevention in the Tibetan Plateau.展开更多
Technology and know-how transfer encompasses policies,practices and activities needed to facilitate the adoption of products or procedures by a user or group of users.Transfer of know-how produced by research and inno...Technology and know-how transfer encompasses policies,practices and activities needed to facilitate the adoption of products or procedures by a user or group of users.Transfer of know-how produced by research and innovation activities is a means to directly affect improvements to the transportation system,leverage resources and maximize return on valuable research investments.The lack of robust,coordinated systems of technology and knowledge transfer leads to a waste of research dollars,and undermines the enterprise of research and innovation.Mainstreaming of research products and promoting their use is critical.展开更多
The rising awareness of environmental issues and the increase of renewable energy sources(RESs)has led to a shift in energy production toward RES,such as photovoltaic(PV)systems,and toward a distributed generation(DG)...The rising awareness of environmental issues and the increase of renewable energy sources(RESs)has led to a shift in energy production toward RES,such as photovoltaic(PV)systems,and toward a distributed generation(DG)model of energy production that requires systems in which energy is generated,stored,and consumed locally.In this work,we present a methodology that integrates geographic information system(GIS)-based PV potential assessment procedures with models for the estimation of both energy generation and consumption profiles.In particular,we have created an innovative infrastructure that co-simulates PV integration on building rooftops together with an analysis of households’electricity demand.Our model relies on high spatiotemporal resolution and considers both shadowing effects and real-sky conditions for solar radiation estimation.It integrates methodologies to estimate energy demand with a high temporal resolution,accounting for realistic populations with realistic consumption profiles.Such a solution enables concrete recommendations to be drawn in order to promote an understanding of urban energy systems and the integration of RES in the context of future smart cities.The proposed methodology is tested and validated within the municipality of Turin,Italy.For the whole municipality,we estimate both the electricity absorbed from the residential sector(simulating a realistic population)and the electrical energy that could be produced by installing PV systems on buildings’rooftops(considering two different scenarios,with the former using only the rooftops of residential buildings and the latter using all available rooftops).The capabilities of the platform are explored through an in-depth analysis of the obtained results.Generated power and energy profiles are presented,emphasizing the flexibility of the resolution of the spatial and temporal results.Additional energy indicators are presented for the self-consumption of produced energy and the avoidance of CO_(2) emissions.展开更多
What will be the future of Chinese urban heritage in the context of globalisation and a socialist market?Ju Er Hutong,as one of the first rehabilitation projects to take place during China’s late-1980s housing reform...What will be the future of Chinese urban heritage in the context of globalisation and a socialist market?Ju Er Hutong,as one of the first rehabilitation projects to take place during China’s late-1980s housing reforms,is generally considered a successful initiative in terms of urban regeneration and historic area conservation.To what extent does this success demonstrate a capacity to develop new policies and a new planning approach in the current Chinese urban regeneration process?To answer this question,and to summarize its achievements and its remaining unsolved problems,this paper provides the following insights:(1)an analysis of the evolution of Ju Er Hutong to its current form;(2)a literature review concerning the background and the outcome of the rehabilitation process;and(3)a critical assessment of the overall process,so as to summarize its constitutive advantages and problems.展开更多
文摘The paper presents the recent evolution and development of Trentino retail planning policies and discusses an experimentation of a meta-evaluation methodology, namely TIE (Territorial Integrated Evaluation), for designing retail resilient scenarios. A research team from the Interuniversity Department of Regional and Urban Studies and Planning of Politecnico di Torino applied this methodology experimentally to the practices of spatial planning in order to integrate territory and retail in the Trentino development policies. The application of TIE set out to design territorial retail scenarios that integrated various topics--retail, tourism, infrastructure, nature and landscape. On the base of TIE principles and criteria, each VC (Valley Community) is now implementing how to design its territorial scenarios assuming different approaches and visions according to its retail opportunities and risks. Starting from some best practices, the paper focuses on the innovative perspective for retail planning and for retail sites designed in Trentino. The emerging regional policy is aimed at linking quality of territorial retail development with environmental sustainability, respecting attractiveness and balance among different retail sites.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42101027)the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(STEP,2019QZKK0606)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(2022NTST18)Opening Foundation of Engineering Center of Desertification and Blown-Sand Control of Ministry of Education at Beijing Normal University(2023-B-2)the IBER-STILLING project,funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science.L.M.was founded by an International Postdoc grant from the Swedish Research Council(2021-00444)SWS was supported by‘Development of Advanced Science and Technology for Marine Environmental Impact Assessment'of Korea Institute of Marine Science&Technology Promotion(KIMST)funded by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries of South Korea(20210427).
文摘Near-surface wind speed exerts profound impacts on many environmental issues,while the long-term(≥60 years)trend and multidecadal variability in the wind speed and its underlying causes in global high-elevation and mountainous areas(e.g.,Tibetan Plateau)remain largely unknown.Here,by examining homogenized wind speed data from 104 meteorological stations over the Tibetan Plateau for 1961-2020 and ERA5 reanalysis datasets,we investigated the variability and long-term trend in the near-surface wind speed and revealed the role played by the westerly and Asian monsoon.The results show that the homogenized annual wind speed displays a decreasing trend(-0.091 m s^(−1)per decade,p<0.05),with the strongest in spring(-0.131 m s^(−1)per decade,p<0.05),and the weakest in autumn(-0.071 m s^(−1)per decade,p<0.05).There is a distinct multidecadal variability of wind speed,which manifested in an prominent increase in 1961-1970,a sustained decrease in 1970-2002,and a consistent increase in 2002-2020.The observed decadal variations are likely linked to large-scale atmospheric circulation,and the correlation analysis unveiled a more important role of westerly and East Asian winter monsoon in modulating near-surface wind changes over the Tibetan Plateau.The potential physical processes associated with westerly and Asian monsoon changes are in concordance with wind speed change,in terms of overall weakened horizontal air flow(i.e.,geostrophic wind speed),declined vertical thermal and dynamic momentum transfer(i.e.,atmospheric stratification thermal instability and vertical wind shear),and varied Tibetan Plateau vortices.This indicates that to varying degrees these processes may have contributed to the changes in near-surface wind speed over the Tibetan Plateau.This study has implications for wind power production and soil wind erosion prevention in the Tibetan Plateau.
文摘Technology and know-how transfer encompasses policies,practices and activities needed to facilitate the adoption of products or procedures by a user or group of users.Transfer of know-how produced by research and innovation activities is a means to directly affect improvements to the transportation system,leverage resources and maximize return on valuable research investments.The lack of robust,coordinated systems of technology and knowledge transfer leads to a waste of research dollars,and undermines the enterprise of research and innovation.Mainstreaming of research products and promoting their use is critical.
文摘The rising awareness of environmental issues and the increase of renewable energy sources(RESs)has led to a shift in energy production toward RES,such as photovoltaic(PV)systems,and toward a distributed generation(DG)model of energy production that requires systems in which energy is generated,stored,and consumed locally.In this work,we present a methodology that integrates geographic information system(GIS)-based PV potential assessment procedures with models for the estimation of both energy generation and consumption profiles.In particular,we have created an innovative infrastructure that co-simulates PV integration on building rooftops together with an analysis of households’electricity demand.Our model relies on high spatiotemporal resolution and considers both shadowing effects and real-sky conditions for solar radiation estimation.It integrates methodologies to estimate energy demand with a high temporal resolution,accounting for realistic populations with realistic consumption profiles.Such a solution enables concrete recommendations to be drawn in order to promote an understanding of urban energy systems and the integration of RES in the context of future smart cities.The proposed methodology is tested and validated within the municipality of Turin,Italy.For the whole municipality,we estimate both the electricity absorbed from the residential sector(simulating a realistic population)and the electrical energy that could be produced by installing PV systems on buildings’rooftops(considering two different scenarios,with the former using only the rooftops of residential buildings and the latter using all available rooftops).The capabilities of the platform are explored through an in-depth analysis of the obtained results.Generated power and energy profiles are presented,emphasizing the flexibility of the resolution of the spatial and temporal results.Additional energy indicators are presented for the self-consumption of produced energy and the avoidance of CO_(2) emissions.
文摘What will be the future of Chinese urban heritage in the context of globalisation and a socialist market?Ju Er Hutong,as one of the first rehabilitation projects to take place during China’s late-1980s housing reforms,is generally considered a successful initiative in terms of urban regeneration and historic area conservation.To what extent does this success demonstrate a capacity to develop new policies and a new planning approach in the current Chinese urban regeneration process?To answer this question,and to summarize its achievements and its remaining unsolved problems,this paper provides the following insights:(1)an analysis of the evolution of Ju Er Hutong to its current form;(2)a literature review concerning the background and the outcome of the rehabilitation process;and(3)a critical assessment of the overall process,so as to summarize its constitutive advantages and problems.