During the past years different researchers have studied the causes of failure of flexible pavements and they offered variety of alternatives for solving these failure problems such as rutting, fatigue and low tempera...During the past years different researchers have studied the causes of failure of flexible pavements and they offered variety of alternatives for solving these failure problems such as rutting, fatigue and low temperature cracking which are sourced from moisture susceptibility and also temperature sensitivity of either asphalt, aggregate or the asphalt mixture as a whole. This study is conducted to determine the optimum amount and potential applicability of zycotherm nanomaterial in asphalt and asphalt concrete mixtures with two different systems: directly applying to bitumen and diluting and applying to aggregate in order to address the solution of potential failure problems in flexible pavements. The study is carried out experimentally by conducting tests on bitumen and bituminous mixtures. Tensile strength test and retained stability tests were performed on bituminous mixture in order to measure the tensile strength ratio (TSR) and the retained stability index (RSI), which are both the indexed parameters to determine the mixture resistance to de-bonding and disintegration in the presence of water. Penetration, softening point, RTFOT, PAV, BBR and DSR tests were also performed on bitumen to determine the effect of zycotherm on bitumen’s contribution on rutting, fatigue and low temperature cracking of the mixture. It is found that using zycotherm material greatly increases the resistance of asphalt mixture to moisture induced damages and also increases its resistance to rutting, fatigue and low temperature cracking.展开更多
A comprehensive overview of standardized testing system for ESL （English as a Second Language） students in U.S kindergarten thru grade 12 public school system is reviewed within the context of basis on federal and s...A comprehensive overview of standardized testing system for ESL （English as a Second Language） students in U.S kindergarten thru grade 12 public school system is reviewed within the context of basis on federal and state laws, as well as instructional basis. Identification process of LEP （Limited English Proficient） students via nomination, testing and testing criteria to be identified as LEP, hence ESL if placed in the program is defined in detail Standardized testing process of these students based on the federal AYP （Adequate Yearly Progress） measures through regular state standardized tests depending on three types of instructional program that LEP student is placed in the school that are Bilingual Education Program, ESL Program, and Two-Way Immersion Dual Language Programs are described. Standardized testing process of these students based on the federal AYP measures through other means if exempted from regular state standardized tests such as LAT （Linguistically Accommodated Testing） and the conditions to be exempted are discussed in detail. Holistically rated English Language Proficiency Assessments that are implemented to fulfill federal AMAOs （Annual Measurable Achievement Objectives） measures are defined briefly. Physical features of LAT test as well as direct and indirect accommodations for LAT reading, mathematics and science tests are defined via the accommodation needed and the type of assistance provided. Lastly, testing criteria to exit LEP status and other issues concerning exiting LEP status are reviewed展开更多
Rtl （Response to Intervention） process is implemented in each and every U.S. kindergarten thru 12 public schools and it is the major intervention program before the students are identified as students eligible for s...Rtl （Response to Intervention） process is implemented in each and every U.S. kindergarten thru 12 public schools and it is the major intervention program before the students are identified as students eligible for special education services, English as a Second Language services, Bilingual Education services, services provided under Section 504, and services for Gifted and Talented students, which are all major educational programs that are subject to direct or indirect extra funding. In this review, legal aspects of Rtl Program currently implemented in kindergarten thru 12 U.S. Public School System that may be applicable to educational systems of other regions and countries are discussed within the context of legal basis as well as instructional basis, program objectives, 3-tier Rtl Model, assessments, progress monitoring, curriculum based measurement, using an RtI model to address behavioral concerns, personnel legally accountable for RtI process, and referral展开更多
This study presents a systematic review of the literature pertaining to dye-sensitized solar cells(DSSCs), in order to anticipate the direction and speed of change in technology trend. To study the general progression...This study presents a systematic review of the literature pertaining to dye-sensitized solar cells(DSSCs), in order to anticipate the direction and speed of change in technology trend. To study the general progression in DSSC research, we have assessed the evolution in annual DSSCs publications and their citations. Further, in order to identify the intellectual bases, we have also classified the journals, authors, institutes, and countries according to their scientific productivity in the field of DSSCs research during the period of 2007–2017.展开更多
文摘During the past years different researchers have studied the causes of failure of flexible pavements and they offered variety of alternatives for solving these failure problems such as rutting, fatigue and low temperature cracking which are sourced from moisture susceptibility and also temperature sensitivity of either asphalt, aggregate or the asphalt mixture as a whole. This study is conducted to determine the optimum amount and potential applicability of zycotherm nanomaterial in asphalt and asphalt concrete mixtures with two different systems: directly applying to bitumen and diluting and applying to aggregate in order to address the solution of potential failure problems in flexible pavements. The study is carried out experimentally by conducting tests on bitumen and bituminous mixtures. Tensile strength test and retained stability tests were performed on bituminous mixture in order to measure the tensile strength ratio (TSR) and the retained stability index (RSI), which are both the indexed parameters to determine the mixture resistance to de-bonding and disintegration in the presence of water. Penetration, softening point, RTFOT, PAV, BBR and DSR tests were also performed on bitumen to determine the effect of zycotherm on bitumen’s contribution on rutting, fatigue and low temperature cracking of the mixture. It is found that using zycotherm material greatly increases the resistance of asphalt mixture to moisture induced damages and also increases its resistance to rutting, fatigue and low temperature cracking.
文摘A comprehensive overview of standardized testing system for ESL （English as a Second Language） students in U.S kindergarten thru grade 12 public school system is reviewed within the context of basis on federal and state laws, as well as instructional basis. Identification process of LEP （Limited English Proficient） students via nomination, testing and testing criteria to be identified as LEP, hence ESL if placed in the program is defined in detail Standardized testing process of these students based on the federal AYP （Adequate Yearly Progress） measures through regular state standardized tests depending on three types of instructional program that LEP student is placed in the school that are Bilingual Education Program, ESL Program, and Two-Way Immersion Dual Language Programs are described. Standardized testing process of these students based on the federal AYP measures through other means if exempted from regular state standardized tests such as LAT （Linguistically Accommodated Testing） and the conditions to be exempted are discussed in detail. Holistically rated English Language Proficiency Assessments that are implemented to fulfill federal AMAOs （Annual Measurable Achievement Objectives） measures are defined briefly. Physical features of LAT test as well as direct and indirect accommodations for LAT reading, mathematics and science tests are defined via the accommodation needed and the type of assistance provided. Lastly, testing criteria to exit LEP status and other issues concerning exiting LEP status are reviewed
文摘Rtl （Response to Intervention） process is implemented in each and every U.S. kindergarten thru 12 public schools and it is the major intervention program before the students are identified as students eligible for special education services, English as a Second Language services, Bilingual Education services, services provided under Section 504, and services for Gifted and Talented students, which are all major educational programs that are subject to direct or indirect extra funding. In this review, legal aspects of Rtl Program currently implemented in kindergarten thru 12 U.S. Public School System that may be applicable to educational systems of other regions and countries are discussed within the context of legal basis as well as instructional basis, program objectives, 3-tier Rtl Model, assessments, progress monitoring, curriculum based measurement, using an RtI model to address behavioral concerns, personnel legally accountable for RtI process, and referral
文摘This study presents a systematic review of the literature pertaining to dye-sensitized solar cells(DSSCs), in order to anticipate the direction and speed of change in technology trend. To study the general progression in DSSC research, we have assessed the evolution in annual DSSCs publications and their citations. Further, in order to identify the intellectual bases, we have also classified the journals, authors, institutes, and countries according to their scientific productivity in the field of DSSCs research during the period of 2007–2017.
