BACKGROUND The purpose of the present study was to examine retrospectively the contribution of 18Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography computed tomography(18FDG-PET/CT)to the evaluation of response to first-...BACKGROUND The purpose of the present study was to examine retrospectively the contribution of 18Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography computed tomography(18FDG-PET/CT)to the evaluation of response to first-line gemcitabine plus cispla-tin-based chemotherapy in patients with metastatic bladder cancer.AIM To evaluate the response to Gemcitabine plus Cisplatin-based chemotherapy using 18FDG-PET/CT imaging in patients with metastatic bladder cancer.METHODS Between July 2007 and April 2019,79 patients underwent 18FDG-PET/CT imaging with the diagnosis of Metastatic Bladder Carcinoma(M-BCa).A total of 42 pa-tients(38 male,4 female)were included in the study,and all had been admi-nistered Gemcitabine plus Cisplatin-based chemotherapy.After completion of the therapy,the patients underwent a repeat 18FDG-PET/CT scan and the results were compared with the PET/CT findings before chemotherapy according to European Organisation for the Research and treatment of cancer criteria.Mean age was 66.1 years and standard deviation was 10.7 years(range:41–84 years).RESULTS Of the patients,seven(16.6%)were in complete remission,17(40.5%)were in partial remission,six(14.3%)had a stable disease,and 12(28.6%)had a pro-gressive disease.The overall response rate was 57.1 percent.CONCLUSION 18FDG-PET/CT can be considered as a successful imaging tool in evaluating response to first-line chemotherapy for metastatic bladder cancer.Anatomical and functional data obtained from PET/CT scans may be useful in the planning of secondline and thirdline chemotherapy.展开更多
Gender stereotypes are descriptive beliefs about how males and females actually differ. Occupational gender stereotyping labels males and females performing an occupation in the context of gender stereotypes. Therefor...Gender stereotypes are descriptive beliefs about how males and females actually differ. Occupational gender stereotyping labels males and females performing an occupation in the context of gender stereotypes. Therefore, occupational gender stereotyping may serve as one of the barriers in women＇s career advancement. Within this framework, this study aims to examine the occupational gender stereotyping in the accounting profession in Turkey. Based on a survey conducted with business students, the perceived gender of the accounting profession is studied. In addition, a visual study is used to define occupational accounting stereotypes. Overall it is found that there is a significant difference between the stereotypes of male and female accountants＇ in Turkey, where the profession is （largely, overwhelmingly） male dominated.展开更多
This article examines Block A,the first block-style building in Heybeliada Sanatorium in Istanbul.The purpose of this research is to understand its architectural and spatial development and discuss how in fact it was ...This article examines Block A,the first block-style building in Heybeliada Sanatorium in Istanbul.The purpose of this research is to understand its architectural and spatial development and discuss how in fact it was a“prototype”of Turkish sanatoria.Approached with a three-step methodology(documentation/evaluation/results)this research conducts architectural and spatial analysis on Block A.Primary sources like architectural documentation and restitution drawings,the writings of the institution’s head doctor Tevfik Ismail Gökçe,periodicals on tuberculosis(TB),as well as pertinent literature are utilized.The findings demonstrate that Block A’s development(1924—1945)was the result of knowledge transfer that introduced the universal sanatorium design principles,spatial experiments,adaptation to sociocultural norms,and trial-and-error processes.Not only it had a major impact on shaping of the second block-type building in the complex,the“model”Block B,but it also became exemplary of the subsequent Turkish sanatoria.The originality of this article is its exploration of the changing and evolving Block A in its resonation with the cultural tensions of Turkey’s modernization process.This was established via the assessment of budgetary issues,medical developments and climatic experiments,the social issue of scarcity of TB beds in the country,spatial practices to separate the sexes as reflections of local traditions and culture in the shaping of spaces.展开更多
Anaerobic digestion(AD)as a waste management method has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions while pro-ducing renewable energy,making it a viable option for managing the organic fraction of municipal solid...Anaerobic digestion(AD)as a waste management method has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions while pro-ducing renewable energy,making it a viable option for managing the organic fraction of municipal solid waste(OFMSW).OFMSW characteristics can vary depending on factors such as waste source,composition and separation units.The charac-teristics of OFMSW are critical for analyzing and monitoring the AD process to optimize biogas production.In this study,the waste composition and physicochemical characteristics of the mechanically separated OFMSW(ms-OFMSW)were determined at a full-scale AD plant in Turkiye.The ms-OFMSW samples were collected monthly after mechanical separation and were subsequently sent to the anaerobic digester.The composition and physicochemical characteristics of the samples were determined by manual sorting.The results showed that the majority of the ms-OFMSW(76.45%±1.71%)was organic,while 8.99%±1.56%was recyclable and 14.56%±1.69%was non-recyclable.Loss of environmental benefits for the recyclable materials was determined using a free online tool provided by Environmental Protection Agency.Metals(399.7 GJ)and plas-tics(403.7 GJ)both saved nearly the same amount of energy while metals saved the most water(421.8 m3),with the greatest positive impact.Greenhouse benefits ranged from 3 tons to 40 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent for each waste stream.These findings suggest that efficient pre-separation units can improve the anaerobic digestibility of OFMSW,while also providing greater environmental benefits by preventing recyclable waste from the anaerobic digester.In addition to encouraging source separation applications,this study demonstrates the need for improved technologies to separate OFMSW from mixed MSW.展开更多
Solar envelope is a concept for regulating solar access in urban planning.It is a roof-like imaginary surface over a given piece of land that controls the maximum allowed building height in order to avoid casting shad...Solar envelope is a concept for regulating solar access in urban planning.It is a roof-like imaginary surface over a given piece of land that controls the maximum allowed building height in order to avoid casting shadows on the neighbours during a specific period.The volume of solar envelopes regulates building density,depending on geo-metric attributes and time(plot size and proportions,orientation,ground slope,latitude,duration of insolation).This work compares the effect of such factors on the size of solar envelopes on a variety of land parcels,individually or in groups.Repeated applications of solid modelling are used to calculate in each case the values of‘Solar Volume Coefficient’,i.e.the volume of a solar envelope per unit of its base as a measure for comparisons.Results show the influence of the various factors affecting the geometry of solar envelopes.Among other findings,it is also shown that solar envelopes gener-ate urban densities lower than conventional urban regulations.The total volume of solar envelopes over an area(‘Solar Building Potential’)can be increased by raising the reference level of solar envelopes(‘shadow fence’or‘solar fence’).Lower urban densities are compensated by facilitating solar applications,as well as by enhancing daylight,ventilation,and vistas in the urban context,thus creating new‘solar cityscapes’exem-plified here on existing street patterns.展开更多
This study has been undertaken to develop a consumer-oriented feasibility method for a hybrid photovoltaic(PV)-battery energy storage(BES)system by analyzing a real life house in Istanbul,Turkey,as a case study.The ho...This study has been undertaken to develop a consumer-oriented feasibility method for a hybrid photovoltaic(PV)-battery energy storage(BES)system by analyzing a real life house in Istanbul,Turkey,as a case study.The hourly electricity demand of the house was estimated by carrying out a detailed survey of the life style and daily habits of the household.No algorithm of any kind was used for the estimation of the energy demand with the exception of relating the lighting requirement to the daylight hours and the heating and cooling requirements to the seasonal weather changes.The developed method estimates the annual demand with an overall error of 8.68%.The net grid dependency and the feasibility of the PV-BES system was calculated for different combinations of PV and BES system sizes.It was found that when the maximum available roof area is used for PV installation and when the BES system size is increased,it is possible to achieve almost zero net grid dependency,and it is estimated that houses that are in regions with more abundant solar radiation and/or with lower annual electricity consumption,can reach zero net grid dependency.However,the feasibility indicator,which is the payback period,turned out to be no less than 25 years in any of the scenarios.The reasons for the infeasibility are the high prices of PV and BES systems as well as the current restriction in the regula-tions in Turkey,which prevents BES system owners from participating in unlicensed energy generation schemes and selling excess electricity back to the grid.In order to overcome this situation,regulations should be updated to allow BES system owners to benefit from feed-in-tariff schemes,thereby increasing the popularity of both PV and BES usage in Turkey.展开更多
The contagion of financial crises surrounding the markets around the world has been in the forefront of academic and public discussions. In this paper, we attempt to study the “contagion effect” of the stock market ...The contagion of financial crises surrounding the markets around the world has been in the forefront of academic and public discussions. In this paper, we attempt to study the “contagion effect” of the stock market crises around the world by studying the correlations of global stock returns and volatility. We analyze the daily returns of major stock indexes around the world to discover the timing and path of the transmission of shocks that manifest themselves in stock market returns. We construct VARs of major stock market index returns and volatilities. Our work differs from the literature in analyzing spillover effects between emerging markets and other major stock markets.展开更多
Order statistic filters are used often in the applications of science and engineering problems. This paper investigates the design and training of a feed-forward neural network to approximate minimum, median and maxim...Order statistic filters are used often in the applications of science and engineering problems. This paper investigates the design and training of a feed-forward neural network to approximate minimum, median and maximum operations. The design of order statistic neural network filtering (OSNNF) is further refined by converting the input vectors with elements of real numbers to a set of inputs consisting of ones and zeros, and the neural network is trained to yield a rank vector which can be used to obtain the exact ranked values of the input vector. As a case study, the OSNNF is used to improve the visibility of target echoes masked by clutter in ultrasonic nondestructive testing applications.展开更多
The （n,f, k）： F（G） system consists ofn components and the system fails （works） if and only if there are at least flailed （working） components or at least k consecutive failed （working） components. These sys...The （n,f, k）： F（G） system consists ofn components and the system fails （works） if and only if there are at least flailed （working） components or at least k consecutive failed （working） components. These system models can be used in electronic equipment, automatic payment systems in banks, and furnace systems. In this paper we introduce and study the （n, f, k）：F and （n, f, k）： G systems consisting of weighted components. Recursive equations are presented for reliability evaluation of these new models. We also provide some conditions on the weights to represent weighted-（n,f, k） systems as usual （n,f, k） systems.展开更多
In the last two decades,improvements in materials,sensors and machine learning technologies have led to a rapid extension of electronic nose(EN)related research topics with diverse applications.The food and beverage i...In the last two decades,improvements in materials,sensors and machine learning technologies have led to a rapid extension of electronic nose(EN)related research topics with diverse applications.The food and beverage industry,agriculture and forestry,medicine and health-care,indoor and outdoor monitoring,military and civilian security systems are the leading fields which take great advantage from the rapidity,stability,portability and compactness of ENs.Although the EN technology provides numerous benefits,further enhancements in both hardware and software components are necessary for utilizing ENs in practice.This paper provides an extensive survey of the EN technology and its wide range of application fields,through a comprehensive analysis of algorithms proposed in the literature,while exploiting related domains with possible future suggestions for this research topic.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND The purpose of the present study was to examine retrospectively the contribution of 18Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography computed tomography(18FDG-PET/CT)to the evaluation of response to first-line gemcitabine plus cispla-tin-based chemotherapy in patients with metastatic bladder cancer.AIM To evaluate the response to Gemcitabine plus Cisplatin-based chemotherapy using 18FDG-PET/CT imaging in patients with metastatic bladder cancer.METHODS Between July 2007 and April 2019,79 patients underwent 18FDG-PET/CT imaging with the diagnosis of Metastatic Bladder Carcinoma(M-BCa).A total of 42 pa-tients(38 male,4 female)were included in the study,and all had been admi-nistered Gemcitabine plus Cisplatin-based chemotherapy.After completion of the therapy,the patients underwent a repeat 18FDG-PET/CT scan and the results were compared with the PET/CT findings before chemotherapy according to European Organisation for the Research and treatment of cancer criteria.Mean age was 66.1 years and standard deviation was 10.7 years(range:41–84 years).RESULTS Of the patients,seven(16.6%)were in complete remission,17(40.5%)were in partial remission,six(14.3%)had a stable disease,and 12(28.6%)had a pro-gressive disease.The overall response rate was 57.1 percent.CONCLUSION 18FDG-PET/CT can be considered as a successful imaging tool in evaluating response to first-line chemotherapy for metastatic bladder cancer.Anatomical and functional data obtained from PET/CT scans may be useful in the planning of secondline and thirdline chemotherapy.
文摘Gender stereotypes are descriptive beliefs about how males and females actually differ. Occupational gender stereotyping labels males and females performing an occupation in the context of gender stereotypes. Therefore, occupational gender stereotyping may serve as one of the barriers in women＇s career advancement. Within this framework, this study aims to examine the occupational gender stereotyping in the accounting profession in Turkey. Based on a survey conducted with business students, the perceived gender of the accounting profession is studied. In addition, a visual study is used to define occupational accounting stereotypes. Overall it is found that there is a significant difference between the stereotypes of male and female accountants＇ in Turkey, where the profession is （largely, overwhelmingly） male dominated.
基金This project is titled Architecture of Convalescence:Mapping the Sanatorium Heritage of Turkey and it was awarded by the Turkish Architects'Association 1927(Mimarlar Dernegi 1927)with the Modern Architecture Research Award in 2022.
文摘This article examines Block A,the first block-style building in Heybeliada Sanatorium in Istanbul.The purpose of this research is to understand its architectural and spatial development and discuss how in fact it was a“prototype”of Turkish sanatoria.Approached with a three-step methodology(documentation/evaluation/results)this research conducts architectural and spatial analysis on Block A.Primary sources like architectural documentation and restitution drawings,the writings of the institution’s head doctor Tevfik Ismail Gökçe,periodicals on tuberculosis(TB),as well as pertinent literature are utilized.The findings demonstrate that Block A’s development(1924—1945)was the result of knowledge transfer that introduced the universal sanatorium design principles,spatial experiments,adaptation to sociocultural norms,and trial-and-error processes.Not only it had a major impact on shaping of the second block-type building in the complex,the“model”Block B,but it also became exemplary of the subsequent Turkish sanatoria.The originality of this article is its exploration of the changing and evolving Block A in its resonation with the cultural tensions of Turkey’s modernization process.This was established via the assessment of budgetary issues,medical developments and climatic experiments,the social issue of scarcity of TB beds in the country,spatial practices to separate the sexes as reflections of local traditions and culture in the shaping of spaces.
基金the Scientific Research Project supported by The Istanbul Technical University,Turkiye(Yagmur Kabakci,Project No.MDK-2019-42183)The authors gratefully acknowledge to Duzce Solid Waste Association,Project No.5218B04.
文摘Anaerobic digestion(AD)as a waste management method has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions while pro-ducing renewable energy,making it a viable option for managing the organic fraction of municipal solid waste(OFMSW).OFMSW characteristics can vary depending on factors such as waste source,composition and separation units.The charac-teristics of OFMSW are critical for analyzing and monitoring the AD process to optimize biogas production.In this study,the waste composition and physicochemical characteristics of the mechanically separated OFMSW(ms-OFMSW)were determined at a full-scale AD plant in Turkiye.The ms-OFMSW samples were collected monthly after mechanical separation and were subsequently sent to the anaerobic digester.The composition and physicochemical characteristics of the samples were determined by manual sorting.The results showed that the majority of the ms-OFMSW(76.45%±1.71%)was organic,while 8.99%±1.56%was recyclable and 14.56%±1.69%was non-recyclable.Loss of environmental benefits for the recyclable materials was determined using a free online tool provided by Environmental Protection Agency.Metals(399.7 GJ)and plas-tics(403.7 GJ)both saved nearly the same amount of energy while metals saved the most water(421.8 m3),with the greatest positive impact.Greenhouse benefits ranged from 3 tons to 40 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent for each waste stream.These findings suggest that efficient pre-separation units can improve the anaerobic digestibility of OFMSW,while also providing greater environmental benefits by preventing recyclable waste from the anaerobic digester.In addition to encouraging source separation applications,this study demonstrates the need for improved technologies to separate OFMSW from mixed MSW.
文摘Solar envelope is a concept for regulating solar access in urban planning.It is a roof-like imaginary surface over a given piece of land that controls the maximum allowed building height in order to avoid casting shadows on the neighbours during a specific period.The volume of solar envelopes regulates building density,depending on geo-metric attributes and time(plot size and proportions,orientation,ground slope,latitude,duration of insolation).This work compares the effect of such factors on the size of solar envelopes on a variety of land parcels,individually or in groups.Repeated applications of solid modelling are used to calculate in each case the values of‘Solar Volume Coefficient’,i.e.the volume of a solar envelope per unit of its base as a measure for comparisons.Results show the influence of the various factors affecting the geometry of solar envelopes.Among other findings,it is also shown that solar envelopes gener-ate urban densities lower than conventional urban regulations.The total volume of solar envelopes over an area(‘Solar Building Potential’)can be increased by raising the reference level of solar envelopes(‘shadow fence’or‘solar fence’).Lower urban densities are compensated by facilitating solar applications,as well as by enhancing daylight,ventilation,and vistas in the urban context,thus creating new‘solar cityscapes’exem-plified here on existing street patterns.
文摘This study has been undertaken to develop a consumer-oriented feasibility method for a hybrid photovoltaic(PV)-battery energy storage(BES)system by analyzing a real life house in Istanbul,Turkey,as a case study.The hourly electricity demand of the house was estimated by carrying out a detailed survey of the life style and daily habits of the household.No algorithm of any kind was used for the estimation of the energy demand with the exception of relating the lighting requirement to the daylight hours and the heating and cooling requirements to the seasonal weather changes.The developed method estimates the annual demand with an overall error of 8.68%.The net grid dependency and the feasibility of the PV-BES system was calculated for different combinations of PV and BES system sizes.It was found that when the maximum available roof area is used for PV installation and when the BES system size is increased,it is possible to achieve almost zero net grid dependency,and it is estimated that houses that are in regions with more abundant solar radiation and/or with lower annual electricity consumption,can reach zero net grid dependency.However,the feasibility indicator,which is the payback period,turned out to be no less than 25 years in any of the scenarios.The reasons for the infeasibility are the high prices of PV and BES systems as well as the current restriction in the regula-tions in Turkey,which prevents BES system owners from participating in unlicensed energy generation schemes and selling excess electricity back to the grid.In order to overcome this situation,regulations should be updated to allow BES system owners to benefit from feed-in-tariff schemes,thereby increasing the popularity of both PV and BES usage in Turkey.
文摘The contagion of financial crises surrounding the markets around the world has been in the forefront of academic and public discussions. In this paper, we attempt to study the “contagion effect” of the stock market crises around the world by studying the correlations of global stock returns and volatility. We analyze the daily returns of major stock indexes around the world to discover the timing and path of the transmission of shocks that manifest themselves in stock market returns. We construct VARs of major stock market index returns and volatilities. Our work differs from the literature in analyzing spillover effects between emerging markets and other major stock markets.
文摘Order statistic filters are used often in the applications of science and engineering problems. This paper investigates the design and training of a feed-forward neural network to approximate minimum, median and maximum operations. The design of order statistic neural network filtering (OSNNF) is further refined by converting the input vectors with elements of real numbers to a set of inputs consisting of ones and zeros, and the neural network is trained to yield a rank vector which can be used to obtain the exact ranked values of the input vector. As a case study, the OSNNF is used to improve the visibility of target echoes masked by clutter in ultrasonic nondestructive testing applications.
文摘The （n,f, k）： F（G） system consists ofn components and the system fails （works） if and only if there are at least flailed （working） components or at least k consecutive failed （working） components. These system models can be used in electronic equipment, automatic payment systems in banks, and furnace systems. In this paper we introduce and study the （n, f, k）：F and （n, f, k）： G systems consisting of weighted components. Recursive equations are presented for reliability evaluation of these new models. We also provide some conditions on the weights to represent weighted-（n,f, k） systems as usual （n,f, k） systems.
文摘In the last two decades,improvements in materials,sensors and machine learning technologies have led to a rapid extension of electronic nose(EN)related research topics with diverse applications.The food and beverage industry,agriculture and forestry,medicine and health-care,indoor and outdoor monitoring,military and civilian security systems are the leading fields which take great advantage from the rapidity,stability,portability and compactness of ENs.Although the EN technology provides numerous benefits,further enhancements in both hardware and software components are necessary for utilizing ENs in practice.This paper provides an extensive survey of the EN technology and its wide range of application fields,through a comprehensive analysis of algorithms proposed in the literature,while exploiting related domains with possible future suggestions for this research topic.
