Lichenicolous fungi belonging to the anamorphtypified genus Phaeosporobolus and to the teleomorph-typified genus Lichenostigma were isolated in pure culture or sequenced directly,with nuLSU and mtSSU sequences obtaine...Lichenicolous fungi belonging to the anamorphtypified genus Phaeosporobolus and to the teleomorph-typified genus Lichenostigma were isolated in pure culture or sequenced directly,with nuLSU and mtSSU sequences obtained.Phylogenetic analyses place the species of Phaeosporobolusin a strongly supported clade with the generic type of Lichenostigma(L.maureri),the genus Phaeococcomyces and several melanized rock-inhabiting isolates.This strongly supported nonlichenized lineage is sister to the primarily lichenized Arthoniales in the Arthoniomycetes and is here described as the Lichenostigmatales.The new order is characterized by cells multiplying by budding,either representing black yeasts,or species in which conidiomata and ascomata are entirely made of an organised agglomeration of spherical yeast-like cells.This way of life is not only very different from all other Arthoniomycetes that exist only in the mycelial stage,but ascomata and conidiomata representing a dense and organised agglomeration of yeast cells might be unique amongst fungi.A further difference with the Arthoniales is the absence of paraphysoids.Phylogenetic results suggest that Phaeosporobolus usneae is the asexual stage of Lichenostigma maureri.Most species of Phaeosporobolus are transferred to the genus Lichenostigma except P.trypethelii,for which the new genus Etayoa is described.The genus Diederimyces is reduced into synonymy with Lichenostigma.Several other members of Lichenostigma are placed in the Dothideomycetes and are intermixed with Lichenothelia species.展开更多
More than twenty species of lichenicolous fungi have been described in Phoma,a large anamorphic genus of primarily plant-associated pathogens with broad geographic distributions.We obtained nuclear and mitochondrial r...More than twenty species of lichenicolous fungi have been described in Phoma,a large anamorphic genus of primarily plant-associated pathogens with broad geographic distributions.We obtained nuclear and mitochondrial rDNA sequences from 19 fungal cultures isolated from specimens representing four described and two undescribed lichenicolous species in the genus.Our multilocus phylogeny indicates that lichenicolous Phoma species represent at least two phylogenetically distinct clades in the Phaeosphaeriaceae,one including a new species,Phoma puncteliae,isolated from a specimen of Punctelia rudecta collected inMaryland,USA,and another group of primarily lichenicolous species.This latter group includes four described lichenicolous Phoma species,an unidentified melanized rock fungus,and a new lichenicolous Phoma species isolated from Xanthomendoza species collected in Canada that we are naming P.xanthomendozae.Some specimens in this clade collected from different lichen genera and species were found to be very similar genetically,which calls into question the recent practice of recognizing lichenicolous Phoma species mainly by differences in host preference.展开更多
The Helotiales are an ecologically and morphologically highly diverse group of ascomycetes that also includes lichen-inhabiting(lichenicolous)species.We generated sequence data of three rDNA regions(nuSSU,nuLSU,5.8S o...The Helotiales are an ecologically and morphologically highly diverse group of ascomycetes that also includes lichen-inhabiting(lichenicolous)species.We generated sequence data of three rDNA regions(nuSSU,nuLSU,5.8S of ITS)from 28 lichenicolous specimens representing nine genera in order to determine their phylogenetic placement.Based on the most complete dataset of helotialean fungi to date,the analyses were performed using Maximum Likelihood(ML)and Bayesian approaches.Our results suggest that 1)the lichen-inhabiting life-style in Helotiales was subjected to gains or losses at least three times;2)Thamnogalla,previously tentatively included in Ostropales,is shown to belong to Helotiales;3)ascomata found intermixed with pycnidia of the asexual Diplolaeviopsis ranula and possessing the same pigments are tentatively considered as the sexual morph of this taxon,and are shown to belong to Helotiales;4)the lichenicolous species of cf.Diplolaeviopsis,Llimoniella,Rhymbocarpus,Skyttea,Thamnogalla and Unguiculariopsis form a well-supported clade together with non-lichenicolous encoelioid fungi from the genera Ionomidotis,Cordierites and Encoelia;5)Geltingia associata forms a highly supported clade with the fungicolous asexual fungus Eleutheromyces subulatus,whereas Pezizella epithallina clusters with an aquatic asexual fungus Tetracladium sp.;6)Phaeopyxis punctum belongs to Ostropomycetidae(Lecanoromycetes),but its deep relationships to other groups remain unresolved based on rDNA sequences.展开更多
The lichenicolous anamorphic fungus Sclerococcum parmeliae was isolated in pure culture,and ITS,nuLSU and mtSSU sequences were obtained from these isolates.For comparison,sequences from S.sphaerale,the generic type,we...The lichenicolous anamorphic fungus Sclerococcum parmeliae was isolated in pure culture,and ITS,nuLSU and mtSSU sequences were obtained from these isolates.For comparison,sequences from S.sphaerale,the generic type,were obtained directly from freshly collected specimens.Phylogenetic analyses place S.sphaerale with species of Dactylospora and an unidentified lichen-inhabiting isolate in a strongly supported clade that is sister to a lineage comprising members of the Chaetothyriales and Pyrenulales.In contrast,S.parmeliae is inferred as a member of the Herpotrichiellaceae(Chaetothyriales)and belongs to a robustly supported clade that also includes species of Cladophialophora,Capronia semiimmersa,and Phialophora verrucosa.Within the Herpotrichiellaceae,S.parmeliae most closely resembles members of the anamorph genus Cladophialophora.Accordingly,we propose the transfer of S.parmeliae and the morphologically similar species S.cladoniae,S.hawksworthii and S.normandinae to Cladophialophora.A new lichenicolous species,Clad.megalosporae,collected twice on Megalospora in Florida and Papua New Guinea,is also described.展开更多
Morphological,anatomical,chemical and molecular data suggest that a relatively common lichenicolous coelomycete on Lecanora conizaeoides is conspecific with Phoma cytospora,previously known only from parmelioid lichen...Morphological,anatomical,chemical and molecular data suggest that a relatively common lichenicolous coelomycete on Lecanora conizaeoides is conspecific with Phoma cytospora,previously known only from parmelioid lichens,and that further populations on Cladonia and Pertusaria belong to the same species.This species is distinguished from Phoma by several taxonomically important characters and obviously represents a previously unrecognized genus,for which the name Briancoppinsia is introduced.Phylogenetic analyses using nuLSU and mtSSU sequences of isolates obtained in pure culture suggest that the new genus belongs to the Arthoniaceae(Arthoniales).This is the first obligate lichenicolous,non-lichenized anamorph confirmed to belong to the Arthoniales based on molecular data.展开更多
A two-locus phylogenetic hypothesis of the family Roccellaceae is presented based on data from the nuclear ribosomal large subunit(nucLSU)and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II(RPB2).This analysis include...A two-locus phylogenetic hypothesis of the family Roccellaceae is presented based on data from the nuclear ribosomal large subunit(nucLSU)and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II(RPB2).This analysis includes 341 sequences(166 newly generated)and 180 specimens representing about 114 species.The genera Lecanactis,Roccellina,Schismatomma and Sigridea were found to be paraphyletic/polyphyletic.In order to make these groups monophyletic,the new genera Crocellina,Diromma,Gyrographa,Gyronactis,Ocellomma,Pseudoschismatomma,Psoronactis and Vigneronia are described.The genus Sagenidium is placed in synonymy with Lecanactis.The new species Enterographa incognita,Gyronactis asiatica and Lecanactis submollis are described.Several species of Opegrapha are transferred to the Roccellaceae.Sorediate morphs are recorded for the first time in the genus Syncesia.展开更多
基金Finally,the first author acknowledges financial support from the Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique(FNRS)from Belgium(F.R.F.C.#2.4567.08).
文摘Lichenicolous fungi belonging to the anamorphtypified genus Phaeosporobolus and to the teleomorph-typified genus Lichenostigma were isolated in pure culture or sequenced directly,with nuLSU and mtSSU sequences obtained.Phylogenetic analyses place the species of Phaeosporobolusin a strongly supported clade with the generic type of Lichenostigma(L.maureri),the genus Phaeococcomyces and several melanized rock-inhabiting isolates.This strongly supported nonlichenized lineage is sister to the primarily lichenized Arthoniales in the Arthoniomycetes and is here described as the Lichenostigmatales.The new order is characterized by cells multiplying by budding,either representing black yeasts,or species in which conidiomata and ascomata are entirely made of an organised agglomeration of spherical yeast-like cells.This way of life is not only very different from all other Arthoniomycetes that exist only in the mycelial stage,but ascomata and conidiomata representing a dense and organised agglomeration of yeast cells might be unique amongst fungi.A further difference with the Arthoniales is the absence of paraphysoids.Phylogenetic results suggest that Phaeosporobolus usneae is the asexual stage of Lichenostigma maureri.Most species of Phaeosporobolus are transferred to the genus Lichenostigma except P.trypethelii,for which the new genus Etayoa is described.The genus Diederimyces is reduced into synonymy with Lichenostigma.Several other members of Lichenostigma are placed in the Dothideomycetes and are intermixed with Lichenothelia species.
基金We thank Peter Scholz for providing us with a copy of the original description of Phoma pisutii,and Walter Obermayer for searching for an isotype of P.pisutii.Sequencing partially supported by grant DEB 0841405 from the National Science FoundationMPN is supported by the Brown Family Graduate Fellowship through the Field Museum.
文摘More than twenty species of lichenicolous fungi have been described in Phoma,a large anamorphic genus of primarily plant-associated pathogens with broad geographic distributions.We obtained nuclear and mitochondrial rDNA sequences from 19 fungal cultures isolated from specimens representing four described and two undescribed lichenicolous species in the genus.Our multilocus phylogeny indicates that lichenicolous Phoma species represent at least two phylogenetically distinct clades in the Phaeosphaeriaceae,one including a new species,Phoma puncteliae,isolated from a specimen of Punctelia rudecta collected inMaryland,USA,and another group of primarily lichenicolous species.This latter group includes four described lichenicolous Phoma species,an unidentified melanized rock fungus,and a new lichenicolous Phoma species isolated from Xanthomendoza species collected in Canada that we are naming P.xanthomendozae.Some specimens in this clade collected from different lichen genera and species were found to be very similar genetically,which calls into question the recent practice of recognizing lichenicolous Phoma species mainly by differences in host preference.
基金financed by the centre of Excellence(FIBIR),by the target financing project no.SF0180012s09the Institutional research funding project IUT20-30。
文摘The Helotiales are an ecologically and morphologically highly diverse group of ascomycetes that also includes lichen-inhabiting(lichenicolous)species.We generated sequence data of three rDNA regions(nuSSU,nuLSU,5.8S of ITS)from 28 lichenicolous specimens representing nine genera in order to determine their phylogenetic placement.Based on the most complete dataset of helotialean fungi to date,the analyses were performed using Maximum Likelihood(ML)and Bayesian approaches.Our results suggest that 1)the lichen-inhabiting life-style in Helotiales was subjected to gains or losses at least three times;2)Thamnogalla,previously tentatively included in Ostropales,is shown to belong to Helotiales;3)ascomata found intermixed with pycnidia of the asexual Diplolaeviopsis ranula and possessing the same pigments are tentatively considered as the sexual morph of this taxon,and are shown to belong to Helotiales;4)the lichenicolous species of cf.Diplolaeviopsis,Llimoniella,Rhymbocarpus,Skyttea,Thamnogalla and Unguiculariopsis form a well-supported clade together with non-lichenicolous encoelioid fungi from the genera Ionomidotis,Cordierites and Encoelia;5)Geltingia associata forms a highly supported clade with the fungicolous asexual fungus Eleutheromyces subulatus,whereas Pezizella epithallina clusters with an aquatic asexual fungus Tetracladium sp.;6)Phaeopyxis punctum belongs to Ostropomycetidae(Lecanoromycetes),but its deep relationships to other groups remain unresolved based on rDNA sequences.
基金supported by NSF grant DEB 0841405 to JDL and a Discovery Grant to WAU from the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council(NSERC)of Canada.
文摘The lichenicolous anamorphic fungus Sclerococcum parmeliae was isolated in pure culture,and ITS,nuLSU and mtSSU sequences were obtained from these isolates.For comparison,sequences from S.sphaerale,the generic type,were obtained directly from freshly collected specimens.Phylogenetic analyses place S.sphaerale with species of Dactylospora and an unidentified lichen-inhabiting isolate in a strongly supported clade that is sister to a lineage comprising members of the Chaetothyriales and Pyrenulales.In contrast,S.parmeliae is inferred as a member of the Herpotrichiellaceae(Chaetothyriales)and belongs to a robustly supported clade that also includes species of Cladophialophora,Capronia semiimmersa,and Phialophora verrucosa.Within the Herpotrichiellaceae,S.parmeliae most closely resembles members of the anamorph genus Cladophialophora.Accordingly,we propose the transfer of S.parmeliae and the morphologically similar species S.cladoniae,S.hawksworthii and S.normandinae to Cladophialophora.A new lichenicolous species,Clad.megalosporae,collected twice on Megalospora in Florida and Papua New Guinea,is also described.
文摘Morphological,anatomical,chemical and molecular data suggest that a relatively common lichenicolous coelomycete on Lecanora conizaeoides is conspecific with Phoma cytospora,previously known only from parmelioid lichens,and that further populations on Cladonia and Pertusaria belong to the same species.This species is distinguished from Phoma by several taxonomically important characters and obviously represents a previously unrecognized genus,for which the name Briancoppinsia is introduced.Phylogenetic analyses using nuLSU and mtSSU sequences of isolates obtained in pure culture suggest that the new genus belongs to the Arthoniaceae(Arthoniales).This is the first obligate lichenicolous,non-lichenized anamorph confirmed to belong to the Arthoniales based on molecular data.
文摘A two-locus phylogenetic hypothesis of the family Roccellaceae is presented based on data from the nuclear ribosomal large subunit(nucLSU)and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II(RPB2).This analysis includes 341 sequences(166 newly generated)and 180 specimens representing about 114 species.The genera Lecanactis,Roccellina,Schismatomma and Sigridea were found to be paraphyletic/polyphyletic.In order to make these groups monophyletic,the new genera Crocellina,Diromma,Gyrographa,Gyronactis,Ocellomma,Pseudoschismatomma,Psoronactis and Vigneronia are described.The genus Sagenidium is placed in synonymy with Lecanactis.The new species Enterographa incognita,Gyronactis asiatica and Lecanactis submollis are described.Several species of Opegrapha are transferred to the Roccellaceae.Sorediate morphs are recorded for the first time in the genus Syncesia.
