Nantong is a typical region of large population and little land.The conflict between resources and environment is growing.Thus,the improvement of independent innovation ability based on current situations,oriented tow...Nantong is a typical region of large population and little land.The conflict between resources and environment is growing.Thus,the improvement of independent innovation ability based on current situations,oriented towards the future and relying on scientific and technological force directly decides the effect of strong economic city construction.Through analysis on achievements of agricultural sci-tech innovation works,existing problems and demand for developing modern agriculture in Nantong,we present development ideas,target orientation and basic principles of agricultural sci-tech innovation works in Nantong,and put forward eight paths.展开更多
The structural characteristics of protein body accumulation in different endosperm regions of hard wheat cultivar(XM33) and soft wheat cultivar(NM13) under drought stress were investigated. Drought stress treatment wa...The structural characteristics of protein body accumulation in different endosperm regions of hard wheat cultivar(XM33) and soft wheat cultivar(NM13) under drought stress were investigated. Drought stress treatment was implemented from plant regreening to the caryopsis mature stage. Microscope images of endosperm cells were obtained using resin semithin slice technology to observe the distribution and relative area of protein body(PB). Compared with NM13, relative PB area of XM33 was significantly higher in sub-aleurone endosperm region. The amount of accumulation, including the size and relative area of PB, in two wheat cultivars was higher in sub-aleurone region than that in central region at 18 days post anthesis(DPA). Drought stress significantly enhanced the sizes and relative areas of PBs in the dorsal and abdominal endosperms in two wheat cultivars. Particularly for dorsal endosperm, drought stress enhanced the relative PB area at 18 DPA and NM13(5.0% vs. 6.73%) showed less enhancement than XM33(5.49% vs. 8.96%). However, NM13(9.58% vs. 12.02%) showed greater enhancement than XM33(10.25% vs. 11.7%) at 28 DPA. The protein content in the dorsal and abdominal endosperms of the two wheat cultivars decreased at 12 DPA and then increased until 38 DPA. Drought stress significantly increased the protein contents in the two main regions. From 12 to 38 DPA, the amount of PB accumulation and the protein content were higher in XM33 than those in NM13. The results revealed that PB distribution varied in different endosperm tissues and that the amount of PB accumulation was remarkably augmented by drought stress.展开更多
Gossypium anomalum represents an inestimable source of genes that could potentially be transferred into the gene pool of cultivated cotton. To resolve interspecific hybrid sterility problems, we previously treated tri...Gossypium anomalum represents an inestimable source of genes that could potentially be transferred into the gene pool of cultivated cotton. To resolve interspecific hybrid sterility problems, we previously treated triploid hybrids derived from a cross between Gossypium hirsutum and G. anomalum with 0.15% colchicine and obtained a putative fertile hexaploid. In this study, we performed morphological, molecular and cytological analyses to assess the hybridity and doubled status of putative interspecific hybrid plants. Most of the morphological characteristics of the putative hexaploid plants were intermediate between G. hirsutum and G.anomalum. Analysis of mitotic metaphase plates revealed 78 chromosomes, confirming the doubled hybrid status of the hexaploid. Genome-wide molecular analysis with different genome-derived SSR markers revealed a high level of polymorphism(96.6%) between G. hirsutum and G. anomalum. The marker transferability rate from other species to G. anomalum was as high as 98.0%. The high percentage of polymorphic markers with additive banding profiles in the hexaploid indicates the hybridity of the hexaploid on a genome-wide level. A-genome-derived markers were more powerful for distinguishing the genomic differences between G. hirsutum and G. anomalum than D-genome-derived markers. This study demonstrates the hybridity and chromosomally doubled status of the(G. anomalum × G. hirsutum)2hexaploid using morphological, cytological and molecular marker methods. The informative SSR markers screened in the study will be useful marker resources for tracking the flow of G. anomalum genetic material among progenies that may be produced by future backcrosses to G. hirsutum.展开更多
Husk number(HN)and husk length(HL)influence the mechanical harvesting of maize grain.We investigated the genetic basis of HN and HL using a population of 204 recombinant inbred lines phenotypically evaluated in five e...Husk number(HN)and husk length(HL)influence the mechanical harvesting of maize grain.We investigated the genetic basis of HN and HL using a population of 204 recombinant inbred lines phenotypically evaluated in five environments.The two husk traits showed broad phenotypic variation and high heritability.Nine stable quantitative trait loci(QTL)were identified by single-environment mapping,comprising four QTL for HN and five for HL,and three QTL explained>10%of the phenotypic variation.Joint mapping revealed 22 additive QTL and 46 epistatic QTL.Both additive and epistatic(additive×additive)effects as well as a few large-effect QTL and some minor-effect QTL appeared to contribute to the genetic architecture of HN and HL.The QTL for HN located on chromosome 7,q HN7,which accounted for^20%of phenotypic variation,was detected in all five environments.q HN7 was fine-mapped to a 721.1 kb physical region based on the maize B73 Ref Gen_v3 genome assembly.Within this interval,four genes associated with plant growth and development were selected as candidate genes.The results will be useful for improvement of maize husk traits by molecular breeding and provide a basis for the cloning of q HN7.展开更多
Antibiotics plays a positive role in the development of livestock breeding and feed industry,but has also disadvantages impossible to overcome,so it is an inevitable trend of prohibiting application of antibiotics in ...Antibiotics plays a positive role in the development of livestock breeding and feed industry,but has also disadvantages impossible to overcome,so it is an inevitable trend of prohibiting application of antibiotics in feed.This paper reviewed concept and action mechanism of the antibiotics substitute—probiotics,and its application in piglets,growing and fattening pigs and sows.展开更多
In order to screen effective insecticides against Phytomyza horticola(Gourean), a comparative trial on the control efficacy of 10%cyantraniliprole OD and 75% cyromazine WP was conducted, and the optimal dose of 10% cy...In order to screen effective insecticides against Phytomyza horticola(Gourean), a comparative trial on the control efficacy of 10%cyantraniliprole OD and 75% cyromazine WP was conducted, and the optimal dose of 10% cyantraniliprole OD was determined. The results showed that 10% cyantraniliprole OD sprayed at the dosages of 375-450 mL/hm^2 had good control effect on P. horticola, which also increased the yield of fresh pea pods. At 15 d post spraying, the control effects of 10% cyantraniliprole OD against P. horticola were 81.98%-86.12% when sprayed at the dosages of 375-450 mL/hm^2. The yield increase rates of 10% cyantraniliprole OD were 8.39%-13.46%.展开更多
Seed moisture at harvest is a critical trait affecting maize quality and mechanized production,and is directly determined by the dehydration process after physiological maturity.However,the dynamic nature of seed dehy...Seed moisture at harvest is a critical trait affecting maize quality and mechanized production,and is directly determined by the dehydration process after physiological maturity.However,the dynamic nature of seed dehydration leads to inaccurate evaluation of the dehydration process by conventional determination methods.Seed dry weight and fresh weight were recorded at 14 time points after pollination in a recombinant inbred line(RIL)population derived from two inbred lines with contrasting seed dehydration dynamics.The dehydration curves of RILs were determined by fitting trajectories of dry weight accumulation and dry weight/fresh weight ratio change based on a logistic model,allowing the estimation of eight characteristic parameters that can be used to describe dehydration features.Quantitative trait locus(QTL)mapping,taking these parameters as traits,was performed using multiple methods.Single-trait QTL mapping revealed 76 QTL associated with dehydration characteristic parameters,of which the phenotypic variation explained(PVE)was 1.03%to 15.24%.Multipleenvironment QTL analysis revealed 21 related QTL with PVE ranging from 4.23%to 11.83%.Multiple-trait QTL analysis revealed 58 QTL,including 51 pleiotropic QTL.Combining these mapping results revealed 12 co-located QTL and the dehydration process of RILs was divided into three patterns with clear differences in dehydration features.These results not only deepen general understanding of the genetic characteristics of seed dehydration but also suggest that this approach can efficiently identify associated genetic loci in maize.展开更多
Effects of breeding mode,feeding mode,feed and nutritional level on fattening performance of goat are summarized. Moreover,several suggestions are put forward for research direction of goat fattening technology in the...Effects of breeding mode,feeding mode,feed and nutritional level on fattening performance of goat are summarized. Moreover,several suggestions are put forward for research direction of goat fattening technology in the future.展开更多
[Objective] The paper was to study the growth and development characteristics of Callosobruchus chinensis L. on different beans,and to explore the resistance of different beans to C. chinensis. [Method] The egg hatcha...[Objective] The paper was to study the growth and development characteristics of Callosobruchus chinensis L. on different beans,and to explore the resistance of different beans to C. chinensis. [Method] The egg hatchability,growth and development of larva and adult of C. chinensis L. on different beans were observed in the laboratory at 30℃. [Result]All the eight kinds of beans were spawned,but there were differences in egg hatchability among different beans. The egg hatchability on Vigna radiate was the highest of(78. 47 ± 6. 70) %. After hatching,larvae only drilled into grains of V. radiate,Vigna umbellate,Vicia faba,Pisum sativum and Cicer arietinum,but there were significant differences in generation survival rate. The generation survival rate on V. radiate was the highest of(68. 75 ± 9. 08) % and that on V. faba was the lowest of(26. 93 ± 10. 28) %. The development duration of C. chinensis on V. radiate was the shortest of(34. 78 ± 2. 02) d; the intrinsic rate of increase and finite rate of increase were greater of 0. 041 09 and 1. 041 95,respectively. [Conclusion]A large number of C. chinensis could be reproduced within a short period if feeding on V. radiate.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to discuss effects of different antibiotics substitutes on production performance of fattening pigs,and to lay a foundation for development and application of antibiotics-free pig feed.[Method]...[Objective] The aim was to discuss effects of different antibiotics substitutes on production performance of fattening pigs,and to lay a foundation for development and application of antibiotics-free pig feed.[Method]By adding 100 mg/kg compound probiotics,100 mg/kg compound enzyme preparation,500 and 1 000 mg/kg eu-commin in the basal diet,binary hybrid pigs weighing about 15 kg were reared for 102 d,and the feed added with 300 mg/kg colistin sulfate was used as control.[Result] Using compound probiotics and compound enzyme preparation to substitute antibiotics had no adverse effects on daily weight gain,daily feed intake and feed gain ratio of 15-90 kg fattening pigs; using eu-commin to substitute antibiotics had no adverse effect on daily weight gain,daily feed intake and feed gain ratio of 15-30 kg fattening pigs,but had significant influence on daily weight gain of 30- 90 kg fattening pigs (P<0.05).[Conclusion] It is feasible to develop antibiotics-free pig feed by using new type of green environmental-friendly additive instead of antibiotics.展开更多
基金Supported by Action Plan Project of Scientific and Technical Personnel of Ministry of Science and Technology for Serving Enterprises(2009GJC10025)Agricultural Sci-tech Innovation Project of Nantong City (HL2011010)
文摘Nantong is a typical region of large population and little land.The conflict between resources and environment is growing.Thus,the improvement of independent innovation ability based on current situations,oriented towards the future and relying on scientific and technological force directly decides the effect of strong economic city construction.Through analysis on achievements of agricultural sci-tech innovation works,existing problems and demand for developing modern agriculture in Nantong,we present development ideas,target orientation and basic principles of agricultural sci-tech innovation works in Nantong,and put forward eight paths.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31171482,31571573)a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,China (PAPD)+1 种基金the Foundation of Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of Yangzhou UniversityChina and the Jiangsu Province College Students Innovation Training Program in 2015,China (201511117063Y)
文摘The structural characteristics of protein body accumulation in different endosperm regions of hard wheat cultivar(XM33) and soft wheat cultivar(NM13) under drought stress were investigated. Drought stress treatment was implemented from plant regreening to the caryopsis mature stage. Microscope images of endosperm cells were obtained using resin semithin slice technology to observe the distribution and relative area of protein body(PB). Compared with NM13, relative PB area of XM33 was significantly higher in sub-aleurone endosperm region. The amount of accumulation, including the size and relative area of PB, in two wheat cultivars was higher in sub-aleurone region than that in central region at 18 days post anthesis(DPA). Drought stress significantly enhanced the sizes and relative areas of PBs in the dorsal and abdominal endosperms in two wheat cultivars. Particularly for dorsal endosperm, drought stress enhanced the relative PB area at 18 DPA and NM13(5.0% vs. 6.73%) showed less enhancement than XM33(5.49% vs. 8.96%). However, NM13(9.58% vs. 12.02%) showed greater enhancement than XM33(10.25% vs. 11.7%) at 28 DPA. The protein content in the dorsal and abdominal endosperms of the two wheat cultivars decreased at 12 DPA and then increased until 38 DPA. Drought stress significantly increased the protein contents in the two main regions. From 12 to 38 DPA, the amount of PB accumulation and the protein content were higher in XM33 than those in NM13. The results revealed that PB distribution varied in different endosperm tissues and that the amount of PB accumulation was remarkably augmented by drought stress.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31171595)the Independent Innovation Funds for Agricultural Technology of Jiangsu Province,China[CX(12)5039]
文摘Gossypium anomalum represents an inestimable source of genes that could potentially be transferred into the gene pool of cultivated cotton. To resolve interspecific hybrid sterility problems, we previously treated triploid hybrids derived from a cross between Gossypium hirsutum and G. anomalum with 0.15% colchicine and obtained a putative fertile hexaploid. In this study, we performed morphological, molecular and cytological analyses to assess the hybridity and doubled status of putative interspecific hybrid plants. Most of the morphological characteristics of the putative hexaploid plants were intermediate between G. hirsutum and G.anomalum. Analysis of mitotic metaphase plates revealed 78 chromosomes, confirming the doubled hybrid status of the hexaploid. Genome-wide molecular analysis with different genome-derived SSR markers revealed a high level of polymorphism(96.6%) between G. hirsutum and G. anomalum. The marker transferability rate from other species to G. anomalum was as high as 98.0%. The high percentage of polymorphic markers with additive banding profiles in the hexaploid indicates the hybridity of the hexaploid on a genome-wide level. A-genome-derived markers were more powerful for distinguishing the genomic differences between G. hirsutum and G. anomalum than D-genome-derived markers. This study demonstrates the hybridity and chromosomally doubled status of the(G. anomalum × G. hirsutum)2hexaploid using morphological, cytological and molecular marker methods. The informative SSR markers screened in the study will be useful marker resources for tracking the flow of G. anomalum genetic material among progenies that may be produced by future backcrosses to G. hirsutum.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20171252)the Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund(CX(19)3049)+2 种基金the Scientific and Technological Project of Jiangsu Province,(BE2018325)the Six Major Talent Project of Jiangsu Province(2016-NY-143 and 2017-NY-138)the Earmarked Fund for Jiangsu Agricultural Industry Technology System。
文摘Husk number(HN)and husk length(HL)influence the mechanical harvesting of maize grain.We investigated the genetic basis of HN and HL using a population of 204 recombinant inbred lines phenotypically evaluated in five environments.The two husk traits showed broad phenotypic variation and high heritability.Nine stable quantitative trait loci(QTL)were identified by single-environment mapping,comprising four QTL for HN and five for HL,and three QTL explained>10%of the phenotypic variation.Joint mapping revealed 22 additive QTL and 46 epistatic QTL.Both additive and epistatic(additive×additive)effects as well as a few large-effect QTL and some minor-effect QTL appeared to contribute to the genetic architecture of HN and HL.The QTL for HN located on chromosome 7,q HN7,which accounted for^20%of phenotypic variation,was detected in all five environments.q HN7 was fine-mapped to a 721.1 kb physical region based on the maize B73 Ref Gen_v3 genome assembly.Within this interval,four genes associated with plant growth and development were selected as candidate genes.The results will be useful for improvement of maize husk traits by molecular breeding and provide a basis for the cloning of q HN7.
文摘Antibiotics plays a positive role in the development of livestock breeding and feed industry,but has also disadvantages impossible to overcome,so it is an inevitable trend of prohibiting application of antibiotics in feed.This paper reviewed concept and action mechanism of the antibiotics substitute—probiotics,and its application in piglets,growing and fattening pigs and sows.
基金Supported by Special Fund of China Agricultural Industry Research System of Edible Beans(CARS-09)Science and Technology Project of Nantong City(MS12016063)
文摘In order to screen effective insecticides against Phytomyza horticola(Gourean), a comparative trial on the control efficacy of 10%cyantraniliprole OD and 75% cyromazine WP was conducted, and the optimal dose of 10% cyantraniliprole OD was determined. The results showed that 10% cyantraniliprole OD sprayed at the dosages of 375-450 mL/hm^2 had good control effect on P. horticola, which also increased the yield of fresh pea pods. At 15 d post spraying, the control effects of 10% cyantraniliprole OD against P. horticola were 81.98%-86.12% when sprayed at the dosages of 375-450 mL/hm^2. The yield increase rates of 10% cyantraniliprole OD were 8.39%-13.46%.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0100303)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(2014AA10A601-5)+4 种基金the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91535103,31371632,31200943)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20150010)the Scientific and Technological Project of Jiangsu Province,China(BE2018325)the Innovative Research Team of Ministry of Agriculturethe Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province.
文摘Seed moisture at harvest is a critical trait affecting maize quality and mechanized production,and is directly determined by the dehydration process after physiological maturity.However,the dynamic nature of seed dehydration leads to inaccurate evaluation of the dehydration process by conventional determination methods.Seed dry weight and fresh weight were recorded at 14 time points after pollination in a recombinant inbred line(RIL)population derived from two inbred lines with contrasting seed dehydration dynamics.The dehydration curves of RILs were determined by fitting trajectories of dry weight accumulation and dry weight/fresh weight ratio change based on a logistic model,allowing the estimation of eight characteristic parameters that can be used to describe dehydration features.Quantitative trait locus(QTL)mapping,taking these parameters as traits,was performed using multiple methods.Single-trait QTL mapping revealed 76 QTL associated with dehydration characteristic parameters,of which the phenotypic variation explained(PVE)was 1.03%to 15.24%.Multipleenvironment QTL analysis revealed 21 related QTL with PVE ranging from 4.23%to 11.83%.Multiple-trait QTL analysis revealed 58 QTL,including 51 pleiotropic QTL.Combining these mapping results revealed 12 co-located QTL and the dehydration process of RILs was divided into three patterns with clear differences in dehydration features.These results not only deepen general understanding of the genetic characteristics of seed dehydration but also suggest that this approach can efficiently identify associated genetic loci in maize.
文摘Effects of breeding mode,feeding mode,feed and nutritional level on fattening performance of goat are summarized. Moreover,several suggestions are put forward for research direction of goat fattening technology in the future.
基金Supported by Special Fund of China Agricultural Industry Research System(CARS-09)Project of Nantong Science and Technology Bureau(HL2014017)
文摘[Objective] The paper was to study the growth and development characteristics of Callosobruchus chinensis L. on different beans,and to explore the resistance of different beans to C. chinensis. [Method] The egg hatchability,growth and development of larva and adult of C. chinensis L. on different beans were observed in the laboratory at 30℃. [Result]All the eight kinds of beans were spawned,but there were differences in egg hatchability among different beans. The egg hatchability on Vigna radiate was the highest of(78. 47 ± 6. 70) %. After hatching,larvae only drilled into grains of V. radiate,Vigna umbellate,Vicia faba,Pisum sativum and Cicer arietinum,but there were significant differences in generation survival rate. The generation survival rate on V. radiate was the highest of(68. 75 ± 9. 08) % and that on V. faba was the lowest of(26. 93 ± 10. 28) %. The development duration of C. chinensis on V. radiate was the shortest of(34. 78 ± 2. 02) d; the intrinsic rate of increase and finite rate of increase were greater of 0. 041 09 and 1. 041 95,respectively. [Conclusion]A large number of C. chinensis could be reproduced within a short period if feeding on V. radiate.
基金Rural Science and Technology Innovation and Industrialization Project of Nantong City(HL2014046)
文摘[Objective] The aim was to discuss effects of different antibiotics substitutes on production performance of fattening pigs,and to lay a foundation for development and application of antibiotics-free pig feed.[Method]By adding 100 mg/kg compound probiotics,100 mg/kg compound enzyme preparation,500 and 1 000 mg/kg eu-commin in the basal diet,binary hybrid pigs weighing about 15 kg were reared for 102 d,and the feed added with 300 mg/kg colistin sulfate was used as control.[Result] Using compound probiotics and compound enzyme preparation to substitute antibiotics had no adverse effects on daily weight gain,daily feed intake and feed gain ratio of 15-90 kg fattening pigs; using eu-commin to substitute antibiotics had no adverse effect on daily weight gain,daily feed intake and feed gain ratio of 15-30 kg fattening pigs,but had significant influence on daily weight gain of 30- 90 kg fattening pigs (P<0.05).[Conclusion] It is feasible to develop antibiotics-free pig feed by using new type of green environmental-friendly additive instead of antibiotics.
