In 2009,the World Health Organization included snakebite on the list of neglected tropical diseases,acknowledging it as a common occupational hazard for farmers,plantation workers,and others,causing tens of thousands ...In 2009,the World Health Organization included snakebite on the list of neglected tropical diseases,acknowledging it as a common occupational hazard for farmers,plantation workers,and others,causing tens of thousands of deaths and chronic physical disabilities every year.This guideline aims to provide practical information to help clinical professionals evaluate and treat snakebite victims.These recommendations are based on clinical experience and clinical research evidence.This guideline focuses on the following topics:snake venom,clinical manifestations,auxiliary examination,diagnosis,treatments,and prevention.展开更多
Objective Through bibliometrics and visual analysis of the related studies on traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)treatment of immune thrombocytopenia(ITP),this study aims to sort out the overall research progress,hotspo...Objective Through bibliometrics and visual analysis of the related studies on traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)treatment of immune thrombocytopenia(ITP),this study aims to sort out the overall research progress,hotspots,and trends in this field,and provide reference for further research in ITP.Methods The articles on ITP treated by TCM were retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Database,China Science and Technology Journal Database(VIP),Web of Science Core Collection(WOSCC),and PubMed.The retrieval time was from the establishment of the databases to July 31,2022.VOSviewer,CiteSpace,Carrot2,and Note-Express were used for data analysis of the articles in terms of their quantities,types,and journals,and for visualization of research hotspots,authors,institutions,and keywords.Results 1493 Chinese articles and 40 English articles were included.The articles in Chinese mainly focus on clinical trial research and clinical experience summary,while the English articles mainly focus on clinical trial research and animal research.The Chinese articles were published in 317 Chinese journals,while English articles were published in 29 English journals.Research hotspots include the clinical syndrome differentiation of ITP,the therapeutic effect of TCM compounds on ITP,and the mechanism of ITP treatment.Keyword analysis shows that there are many research achievements in integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine treatment,clinical research,famous doctors’experience,TCM treatment,cellular immunity,and humoral immunity.The authors with the most articles in Chinese and English are Professor CHEN Xinyi and Professor MA Rou,respectively,and the research institutions with the most articles are Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine and Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences.Chinese herbs often used to treat ITP clinically include Xianhecao(Agrimoniae Herba),Nvzhenzi(Ligustri Lucidi Fructus),Mohanlian(Ecliptae Herba),Zhongjiefeng(Sarcandrae Herba),etc.,and the prescription usually used to treat ITP include Guipi Decoction(归脾汤),Xijiao Dihuang Decoction(犀角地黄汤),Bazhen Decoction(八珍汤),Erzhi Pill(二至丸),and Xiaochaihu De-coction(小柴胡汤).The main development trends toward retrospective study,TCM treatment mechanism,and data mining.展开更多
Objective To explore ancient and modern medication laws of aromatic Chinese medicines in treating angina pectoris, and to provide new ideas for the clinical treatment.Methods With “angina pectoris” as the key word, ...Objective To explore ancient and modern medication laws of aromatic Chinese medicines in treating angina pectoris, and to provide new ideas for the clinical treatment.Methods With “angina pectoris” as the key word, ancient books prescriptions and Chinese patent medicines related to angina pectoris were collected from China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI), Traditional Chinese Medicine Database System, Chinese Medicine Prescription Database, New National Proprietary Chinese Medicine(2 nd edition), and Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition) from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2021. Core highfrequency aromatic Chinese medicines were defined, and their potential medication rules were analyzed and summarized. Microsoft Access 2010 was used for data management. Data analysis software, including Excel and IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0 were used for drug association rule analysis, and Cytoscape 3.7.2 for visual display.Results There were 67 ancient books prescriptions and 258 Chinese patent medicines containing aromatic Chinese medicines treating angina pectoris collected from relevant databases. In ancient books prescriptions, there were nine aromatic Chinese medicines with the frequency ≥10, and the most commonly used medicine was Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix), followed by Chenpi(Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium). There were 33 aromatic Chinese medicines with the frequency ≥10 in Chinese patent medicines, and the most commonly used medicine was Danshen(Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), followed by Chuanxiong(Chuanxiong Rhizoma) and Sanqi(Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma). In ancient books prescriptions, the medicines mainly belonged to intenal-warming medicines, Qi-regulating medicines, and blood circulation promoting and blood stasis removing medicines.There were eight medicine pairs with confidence equal to 100% in ancient books prescriptions, the most frequently used pairs were Chuanxiong(Chuanxiong Rhizoma) +Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix), and Xiangfu(Cyperi Rhizoma) + Chenpi(Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium). In Chinese patent medicines, the aromatic Chinese medicine Chuanxiong(Chuanxiong Rhizoma) could be combined with many other Chinese medicines, among which the Confidence and Support of Chuanxiong(Chuanxiong Rhizoma) + Danshen(Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) were at a high level.Conclusion Aromatic Chinese medicines for the treatment of angina pectoris of coronary heart disease are mainly warm, and the flavors are mainly pungent, sweet, and bitter. They mainly access to the liver, gallbladder, and pericardium meridians. The treatment of angina pectoris of coronary heart disease mainly focuses on warming heart pulse, and promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis.展开更多
Objective:Cymbopogon citratus(DC.)Stapf is a medicinal and edible herb that is widely used for the treatment of gastric,nervous and hypertensive disorders.In this study,we investigated the cardioprotective effects and...Objective:Cymbopogon citratus(DC.)Stapf is a medicinal and edible herb that is widely used for the treatment of gastric,nervous and hypertensive disorders.In this study,we investigated the cardioprotective effects and mechanisms of the essential oil,the main active ingredient of Cymbopogon citratus,on isoproterenol(ISO)-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.Methods:The compositions of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil(CCEO)were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.Cardiomyocytes were pretreated with 16.9µg/L CCEO for 1 h followed by 10µmol/L ISO for 24 h.Cardiac hypertrophy-related indicators and NLRP3 inflammasome expression were evaluated.Subsequently,transcriptome sequencing(RNA-seq)and target verification were used to further explore the underlying mechanism.Results:Our results showed that the CCEO mainly included citronellal(45.66%),geraniol(23.32%),and citronellol(10.37%).CCEO inhibited ISO-induced increases in cell surface area and protein content,as well as the upregulation of fetal gene expression.Moreover,CCEO inhibited ISO-induced NLRP3 inflammasome expression,as evidenced by decreased lactate dehydrogenase content and downregulated mRNA levels of NLRP3,ASC,CASP1,GSDMD,and IL-1β,as well as reduced protein levels of NLRP3,ASC,pro-caspase-1,caspase-1(p20),GSDMD-FL,GSDMD-N,and pro-IL-1β.The RNA-seq results showed that CCEO inhibited the increase in the mRNA levels of 26 oxidative phosphorylation complex subunits in ISO-treated cardiomyocytes.Our further experiments confirmed that CCEO suppressed ISO-induced upregulation of mt-Nd1,Sdhd,mt-Cytb,Uqcrq,and mt-Atp6 but had no obvious effects on mt-Col expression.Conclusion:CCEO inhibits ISO-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through the suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome expression and the regulation of several oxidative phosphorylation complex subunits.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the potential mechanism of Wendan decoction in obesity by screening target genes with promoter region methylation changes and constructing a multiple signaling pathways network based on promot...Objective:To investigate the potential mechanism of Wendan decoction in obesity by screening target genes with promoter region methylation changes and constructing a multiple signaling pathways network based on promoter methylation.Methods:The methylation degree of Itgad,Col8a1,Adra2b,Jund,Rab2a,Wnt8b,Fzd9,B4galt7,Pik3cd,Creb1,Stard8,and Mmp1 in the abdominal adipose tissue of obese rats was determined using the Agena MassARRAY system.Western blot was performed to assess protein expression levels.Target genes were identified based on the methylation degree in the promoter region and protein expression.Enrichment analysis of signaling pathways was conducted to identify relevant target genes and obtain a multiple signaling pathway network associated with obesity.Core and terminal effector molecules in the pathway networks were selected as research targets for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)analysis.Results:Four genes(Adra2b,Creb1,Itgad,and Pik3cd)showed a degree of promoter methylation consistent with their respective protein expression levels.Among them,Adra2b,Creb1,and Pik3cd expression increased,while that of Itgad decreased.Enrichment analysis revealed that Creb1 and Pik3cd were involved in 6 signaling pathways related to obesity:tumor necrosis factor(TNF)signaling pathway,growth hormone synthesis/secretion and action,adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK)signaling pathway,relaxin signaling pathway,cyclic nucleotide(cAMP)signaling pathway,and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/Akt)signaling pathway.Subsequently,a multiple signaling pathways network was constructed based on promoter methylation.Key molecules including protein kinase B(AKT),mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1(mTORC1),and unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1(ULK1),as well as terminal effector molecules interleukin-1β(IL-1β),interleukin-6(IL-6),and chemokine(C-X-C motif)ligand 2(CXCL2)were selected as research targets.Wendan decoction decreased the expressions of AKT,mTORC1,IL-1β,IL-6,and CXCL2 while up-regulating ULK1 expression.Conclusion:The mechanism of Wendan decoction in preventing obesity involves the regulation of multiple signaling pathways through the control of Creb1 and Pik3cd gene promoter methylation.However,the associated multi-path gene regulation mechanism in preventing obesity is complex.Thus,further exploration is needed to elucidate the role of methylation changes in this mechanism.展开更多
Rosaceae represents a vast and complex group of species,with its classification being intricate and contentious.The taxonomic placement of many species within this family has been a subject of ongoing debate.The study ...Rosaceae represents a vast and complex group of species,with its classification being intricate and contentious.The taxonomic placement of many species within this family has been a subject of ongoing debate.The study utilized the Illumina platform to sequence 19 plant species from 10 genera in the Rosaceae.The cp genomes,vary-ing in size from 153,366 to 159,895 bp,followed the typical quadripartite organization consisting of a large single-copy(LSC)region(84,545 to 87,883 bp),a small single-copy(SSC)region(18,174 to 19,259 bp),and a pair of inverted repeat(IR)regions(25,310 to 26,396 bp).These genomes contained 132–138 annotated genes,including 87 to 93 protein-coding genes(PCGs),37 tRNA genes,and 8 rRNA genes using MISA software,52 to 121 simple sequence repeat(SSR)loci were identified.D.arbuscular contained the least of SSRs and did not have hexanotides,A.lineata contained the richest SSRs.Long terminal repeats(LTRs)were primarily composed of palindromic and forward repeat sequences,meanwhile,The richest LTRs were found in Argentina lineata.Except for Argentina lineata,Fragariastrum eriocarpum,and Prunus trichostoma,which varied in gene type and position on both sides of the boundary,the remaining species were found to be mostly conserved according to IR boundary analysis.The examination of the Ka/Ks ratio revealed that only the infA gene had a value greater than 1,indicating that this gene was primarily subjected to positive selection during evolution.Additionally,9 hotspots of variation were identified in the LSC and SSC regions.Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the scientific validity of the genus Prunus L.sensu lato(s.l.)within the Rosaceae family.The separation of the three genera Argentina Hill,Fragariastrum Heist.ex Fabr.and Dasiphora Raf.from Potentilla L.may be a more scientific classification.These results offer fresh perspectives on the taxonomy of the Rosaceae.展开更多
Volatile oil(VO)is the main chemical component of common plants in Chrysanthemum genus,and it possesses several beneficial pharmacological properties,including bacteriostatic,antioxidant,anti-tumor,anti-inflammatory,a...Volatile oil(VO)is the main chemical component of common plants in Chrysanthemum genus,and it possesses several beneficial pharmacological properties,including bacteriostatic,antioxidant,anti-tumor,anti-inflammatory,antipyretic,analgesic,antiosteoporotic,antihypertensive,sedative,and hypnotic effects.To date,research on the effective components of Chrysanthemum extract has mainly focused on flavonoids,whereas limited data are available on the chemical constituents and underlying mechanisms of action of the VO components.In this review,the pharmacological activities and mechanisms of VO are comprehensively reviewed with the aim of providing a foundation for further development for medicinal,aromatherapy,and diet therapy applications.展开更多
Stevioside is a low-calorie high-power sweetener with a variety of positive pharmacological effects.With the growing attention to health,stevia leaf has garnered widespread interest at home and abroad.This article rev...Stevioside is a low-calorie high-power sweetener with a variety of positive pharmacological effects.With the growing attention to health,stevia leaf has garnered widespread interest at home and abroad.This article reviews the main pharmacological effects of stevioside and their mechanisms,in order to provide references for the research on the edible and medicinal value of stevioside.展开更多
Background:Acute gouty arthritis(AGA)is an inflammatory joint disease with a high prevalence.Typical medical interventions,including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,colchicine and glucocorticoids,can have serious...Background:Acute gouty arthritis(AGA)is an inflammatory joint disease with a high prevalence.Typical medical interventions,including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,colchicine and glucocorticoids,can have serious adverse reactions.Huzhang Granule(HZG),a compound Chinese herbal medicine,has been used to treat AGA for more than 30 years with satisfactory effects and no significant adverse reactions.However,the efficacy and safety of HZG in AGA patients remains unknown.Objective:The present investigation was designed to examine the efficacy and safety profile of HZG in managing AGA patients.Design,setting,participants and interventions:The current study was conducted as a noninferiority,randomized controlled clinical trial on 180 eligible enrolled participants.Participants were randomly assigned into the HZG and etoricoxib groups.Treatments were administered for 5 d,during which the HZG group received HZG and placebo etoricoxib,while the etoricoxib group received etoricoxib and placebo HZG in the same ratio(1:1).Main outcome measures:The primary outcome was pain experienced by the patient in the gout-afflicted joint from days 2 to 5 of the treatment window.The pain level was measured via a visual analogue scale,ranging from 0 mm to 100 mm.The secondary outcomes comprised joint tenderness and swelling,reduction of inflammatory biomarkers,and the patient’s and investigator’s global evaluations of therapeutic response.Results:The mean reduction in pain was-51.22 mm(95%confidence interval[CI],[-53.42,-49.03]mm)for the HZG and-52.00 mm(95%CI,[-54.06,-49.94]mm)for the etoricoxib groups.The mean difference between the two groups was 0.78 mm(95%CI,[-2.25,3.81]mm).All additional efficacy endpoints,covering decreased inflammation and pain relief,yielded compelling proof of noninferiority.Patients in the HZG group exhibited a comparatively lower rate of adverse events compared to those in the etoricoxib group(4.44%vs 13.33%;P≤0.05).Conclusion:HZG and etoricoxib groups demonstrated similar levels of analgesic effectiveness.The safety and efficacy of HZG indicates that it can be used as a potential therapeutic option for treating AGA.展开更多
Apoptosis is a spontaneous programmed cell death process,which is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors.Inducing apoptosis of tumor cells has become an important way of anti-tumor therapy.Studies...Apoptosis is a spontaneous programmed cell death process,which is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors.Inducing apoptosis of tumor cells has become an important way of anti-tumor therapy.Studies have found that clearing heat-toxin Chinese medicine has a significant effect on inducing apoptosis,which may be the key mechanism of anti-tumor of Chinese medicine.By reviewing the theoretical origin of anti-tumor TCM of clearing heat-toxin Chinese herbs and the pharmacological research progress of intervening apoptosis-related proteins to promote apoptosis of tumor cells,this paper provides a basis for TCM to induce apoptosis of tumor cells to prevent and treat malignant tumors.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of petal and stamen extracts of saffron crocus(Crocus sativus)and explore the underlying mechanism.Methods:Local and systemic inflammation models we...Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of petal and stamen extracts of saffron crocus(Crocus sativus)and explore the underlying mechanism.Methods:Local and systemic inflammation models were used to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of C.sativus.A xyleneinduced inflammation model or lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced inflammation model was used in this study.C.sativus petal and stamen extracts were each administered to the mice in the xylene and LPS models by gavage for 14 d at 0.1 and 0.4 g/kg doses,respectively.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to measure the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-αand interleukin(IL)-1βin mouse serum.Hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)staining was used to observe the pathological changes in the ear in the xylene-induced inflammation model and in the spleen in the LPS-induced inflammation model.NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3(NLRP3)protein levels within the nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)pathway were assessed using western blotting.RAW264.7 cells were treated with LPS(5μg/mL)and LPS+C.sativus(0.05,0.1,and 0.2 mg/mL)for 24 h,and a Cell Counting Kit-8 was used to measure cell proliferation.Changes in NLRP3 and NF-κB levels were evaluated by western blotting.Results:Petal and stamen extracts of C.sativus attenuated the anti-inflammatory effects in local or systemic inflammatory models and repaired pathological changes in the ear in the xylene-induced inflammation model and spleen in the LPS-induced inflammation model.These extracts also decreased the concentrations of TNF-αand IL-1βin the mouse serum in the LPS-induced inflammation model.C.sativus downregulated NLRP3 protein level through the NF-κB pathway and downregulated LC-3 and BECLIN1 in vivo and in vitro.Carbonyl Cyanide3-ChloroPhenylhydrazone(CCCP)weakened the effects of C.sativus on the NLRP3–NF-κB pathway.Conclusion:C.sativus has anti-inflammatory effects and regulates the NLRP3-NF-κB pathway.展开更多
Parkinson’s disease(PD),a neurodegenerative disease that shows a high incidence in older individuals,is becoming increasingly prevalent.Unfortunately,there is no clinical cure for PD,and novel anti-PD drugs are there...Parkinson’s disease(PD),a neurodegenerative disease that shows a high incidence in older individuals,is becoming increasingly prevalent.Unfortunately,there is no clinical cure for PD,and novel anti-PD drugs are therefore urgently required.However,the selective permeability of the blood–brain barrier(BBB)poses a huge challenge in the development of such drugs.Fortunately,through strategies based on the physiological characteristics of the BBB and other modifications,including enhancement of BBB permeability,nanotechnology can offer a solution to this problem and facilitate drug delivery across the BBB.Although nanomaterials are often used as carriers for PD treatment,their biological activity is ignored.Several studies in recent years have shown that nanomaterials can improve PD symptoms via their own nano-bio effects.In this review,we first summarize the physiological features of the BBB and then discuss the design of appropriate brain-targeted delivery nanoplatforms for PD treatment.Subsequently,we highlight the emerging strategies for crossing the BBB and the development of novel nanomaterials with anti-PD nano-biological effects.Finally,we discuss the current challenges in nanomaterial-based PD treatment and the future trends in this field.Our review emphasizes the clinical value of nanotechnology in PD treatment based on recent patents and could guide researchers working in this area in the future.展开更多
A new chromatographic purification of single-walled carbon nanotubes using high-speed countercurrent chromatography is reported. The purification was accomplished on the basis of experiment that dispersed the single-w...A new chromatographic purification of single-walled carbon nanotubes using high-speed countercurrent chromatography is reported. The purification was accomplished on the basis of experiment that dispersed the single-walled carbon nanotubes with sodium dodecyl sulfate, and the result mixture was separated using the two phase system composed of n-butanol/water = 1/1 （v/v）. The sizes of SWNTs separated were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The results demonstrated that the high-speed countercurrent chromatography possessed a good efficency for purification of single-walled carbon nanotubes.展开更多
Objective To explore the pharmacodynamic material basis and mechanism of action of volatile oil from Chuanxiong(Chuanxiong Rhizoma)-Suhexiang(Styrax)-Bingpian(Borneolum)(hereinafter referred to as C-S-B volatile oil)i...Objective To explore the pharmacodynamic material basis and mechanism of action of volatile oil from Chuanxiong(Chuanxiong Rhizoma)-Suhexiang(Styrax)-Bingpian(Borneolum)(hereinafter referred to as C-S-B volatile oil)in treating angina pectoris based on network pharmacology and to detect its protective effects against rat myocardial damage.Methods Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)was used to determine the constituents of volatile oils from Chuanxiong(Chuanxiong Rhizoma),Suhexiang(Styrax),and Bingpian(Borneolum),and the targets of the three main constituents were found predicted and screened using the PharmMapper server,and Gene Cards and Coo LGe N databases.The STRING database and Cytoscape software were used to draw the protein-protein interaction(PPI)network,RStudio software was used to analyze Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genome and Genome(KEGG)pathways,and Cytoscape software was used to construct the component-target-pathwaydisease network.The rat model of myocardial injury was established by intraperitoneal injection of a large dose of isoprenaline hydrochloride.After continuous intervention with C-S-B volatile oil for 14 d,the ejection fraction(EF)and short axis shortening rate(FS)of the left ventricle were detected.The indices of myocardial damage were detected after hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.Results Fifteen volatile oil components from the C-S-B formula were identified.There are 470 targets of these volatile oil components and 401 angina-related genes.There are 28 core targets,including CHRM4,ADRA1 A,FGFR1,CHRM2,CYP2 A6,CHRM5,CHRM1,CHRM3,HDAC2,and MPO,etc..The results of the KEGG analysis indicated that the C-S-B formula probably interferes with the following pathways:neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions,calcium signaling,cytochrome P450 metabolism of heteropoietin,among others.The results of animal experiments showed that the C-S-B formula essential oil could significantly improve the following myocardial indices in rats with myocardial injury:EF,FS,left ventricular end-systolic diameter(LVIDs),left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVIDd),and stroke volume(SV),and all the differences were statistically significant(P<0.01).Conclusion The mechanism of action of volatile oil components in the C-S-B formula in treating angina pectoris was analyzed using multi-component,multi-target and multi-pathway systems,which has laid a foundation for further revealing its mechanism of action.Animal experiments have shown that the volatile oil of the C-S-B formula can improve EF,FS,and other indices of myocardial damage in a rat model,thus relieving myocardial damage caused by heart hyperactivity,improving cardiac function,and protecting against myocardial damage.展开更多
Objective To predict the molecular mechanism of Dihuang(Rehmanniae Radix)in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy(DN)complicated with depression based on network pharmacology.Methods The components of Dihuang(Rehmanni...Objective To predict the molecular mechanism of Dihuang(Rehmanniae Radix)in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy(DN)complicated with depression based on network pharmacology.Methods The components of Dihuang(Rehmanniae Radix)were identified from the Integrated Pharmacology-based Research Platform of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCMIP),Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP),and relevant literature.The component targets were detected by combining the SwissTargetPrediction and Pub Chem databases.Disease targets were collected from the Therapeutic Target Database(TTD),Dis Ge NET,and Ensembl databases with“diabetic nephropathy”and“depression”as keywords.The disease-component targets were mapped using Venny 2.1.0 to obtain potential targets.A protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was constructed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins(STRING)database and Cytoscape 3.7.2.The co-expression genes of the key targets were collected based on the COXPRESdb 7.3.Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analysis were performed for potential targets using R language.Target-component docking was verified and evaluated using Discovery Studio 4.5.Results According to the databases and literature reports,Dihuang(Rehmanniae Radix)contained 65 active components,and had 155 related targets for the treatment of DN complicated with depression.PPI screening showed that the key targets included serine/threonine protein kinase 1(AKT1),signal transducer and activator transcription 3(STAT3),interleukin 6(IL-6),mitogen-activated protein kinase 1(MAPK1),and vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA),etc.GO enrichment analysis mainly involved biological processes,such as lipid metabolism,protein secretion regulation,cell homeostasis,and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase activity.KEGG pathway enrichment analysis included the role of the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complements,insulin resistance(IR),neurotrophin signal path,Toll-like receptor signaling pathway,relaxin signaling pathway,epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors(EGFR-TKIs),etc.Molecular docking showed that the target had high affinity for stachyose,manninotriose,verbascose,nigerose,etc.Conclusion Based on network parmacology,this study preliminarily predict the effects of Dihuang(Rehmanniae Radix)in treating DN complicated with depression by regulating inflammation,glucose metabolism,nution nerve,etc.展开更多
Objective This study focused on the application regularity of medicinal and dietary sub-stances(MDS)of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)diet therapy during rehabilitation,in order to help patients with Corona Virus Di...Objective This study focused on the application regularity of medicinal and dietary sub-stances(MDS)of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)diet therapy during rehabilitation,in order to help patients with Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19)reduce sequelae and improve their life quality.Methods The official websites of the national and provincial health committees,the website of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,the China BioMedical Literature Database(CBM),China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),China Science and Technology Journal Database(VIP),and Wanfang Database were used to search the keywords,such as“coronavirus”“novel coronavirus pneumonia”“COVID-19”“protocol”“guideline”“consensus”and“rehabilitation period”.The search time was from the establishment of databases to July 31,2022.The prevention and control protocols of various provinces and cities were manually supplemented and screened out.The information on the frequency,property,flavor,meridian tropism,and efficacy of MDS was collected for association rule analysis through the Apriori algorithm.Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed using the Euclidean distance and longest distance.Results A total of 18 protocols were screened out,including 56 lists of TCM diet therapy,and 47 kinds of MDS with a frequency of 132 times during the rehabilitation of COVID-19.Among them,six lists of diet therapy were collected from national websites,26 from local government websites,and 24 from social and academic institution websites.The intended population can be divided into seven categories including normal recovery,lung-spleen Qi deficiency,deficiency of both Qi and Yin,spleen-stomach weakness,deficiency of Yang Qi,kidney Qi deficiency,and blood deficiency.Shanyao(Dioscoreae Rhizoma)and Lianzi(Nelumbinis Semen),followed by Dazao(Jujubae Fructus)were used most commonly in MDS,with mainly flat property,sweet flavor,and spleen and lung meridians in meridian tropism.Besides,deficiency-tonifying drugs were commonly used in MDS.Through association rule analysis,12 groups of association MDS pairs were obtained.The pair of Yiyiren(Coicis Semen)and Chenpi(Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium)had the highest Lift value,and Yiyiren(Coicis Semen)was used most frequently in the MDS category for eliminating pathogenic factors.The results of complex network analysis showed that the core MDS were Yiyiren(Coicis Semen),Shanyao(Dioscoreae Rhizoma),Huangqi(Astragali Radix),Fuling(Poria),and Dazao(Jujubae Fructus).Three core categories were classified by cluster analysis,including the category of strengthening spleen,nourishing kidney,and grasping Qi,the category of removing phlegm,abating panting,and regulating Qi,and the category of strengthening the middle-energizer and reinforcing Qi.Conclusion Based on the TCM theory,most patients during the rehabilitation of COVID-19 are in a state of lingering pathogens due to deficient vital Qi.TCM diet therapy is based on the principle of“giving both reinforcing and reducing treatment”,and the MDS combinations focus on both reinforcing the health Qi and eliminating pathogenic factors.The diet therapy mainly uses the MDS with flat property and sweet flavor,which belongs to deficiency-tonifying drugs,adding suitable MDS of pathogen-eliminating drugs according to different situations.The ultimate goal is to promote lung inflammation absorption,improve pulmonary fibrosis,increase immunity,reduce the occurrence of sequelae,and improve life quality.展开更多
The classified prescriptions from Chaihu decoction have been widely used in ancient and modern times.In spite of many previous research studies,the extensiveness and diversity of their applications have not been syste...The classified prescriptions from Chaihu decoction have been widely used in ancient and modern times.In spite of many previous research studies,the extensiveness and diversity of their applications have not been systematically studied.The author applied Chaihu Wendan decoction to treat phlegm and qi stagnation in the middle energizer,applied Chaihu Guizhi decoction to treat simultaneous disease of Shaoyang and Taiyang,applied Chaihu Xiexin decoction to treat simultaneous disease of the spleen,stomach,liver,and gallbladder,applied Chaihu Ermiao powder to treat simultaneous disease of hand Shaoyang and foot Taiyin,applied Chaihu Erchen decoction to treat simultaneous disease of Shaoyang and Taiyin,applied Chailing decoction to treat simultaneous disease of hand Shaoyin and foot Taiyang,applied Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiang decoction to treat Shaoyang and Taiyin cold fluid retention and heat stagnation syndrome of Shaoyang complicated with Taiyin,applied Chaihu Xingren decoction to treat simultaneous disease of hand Shaoyang and hand Taiyin,applied Chaihu Sanren decoction to treat the disease caused by damp-heat stagnation in the hand Shaoyang and the foot Taiyin,and applied Chaihu Ganlu Xiaodu pellet to treat the diseases of hand Shaoyang and foot Yangming.The effects were all remarkable.展开更多
The treatment of malignant tumor is mainly based on modern medical treatment,after treatment,there are many adverse reactions,such as dizziness,headache,fever,numbness of limbs,pruritus,rash,spasm,phalacrosis,elevated...The treatment of malignant tumor is mainly based on modern medical treatment,after treatment,there are many adverse reactions,such as dizziness,headache,fever,numbness of limbs,pruritus,rash,spasm,phalacrosis,elevated blood pressure,anemia,myelosuppression,impaired functions of liver and kidney."Endogenous wind"is a part of Traditional Chinese medicine,and the researches are mainly focused on tumor metastasis and treatment.The researches on the adverse reactions associated with the treatment of malignant tumors are less.This paper is built on the theory of"endogenous wind"of Chinese medicine,and initially analyzes the progress of the research on adverse reactions of malignant tumors after treatment by modern medical means.展开更多
Objective Gancao Nourish-Yin Decoction(GNYD)has been applied to clinical rheumatoid arthritis(RA)patients,and it had shown effectiveness not only in disease activity controlling but also in improving patients'phys...Objective Gancao Nourish-Yin Decoction(GNYD)has been applied to clinical rheumatoid arthritis(RA)patients,and it had shown effectiveness not only in disease activity controlling but also in improving patients'physical status.However,its mechanism of function has not been investigated.Metabolic perturbations have been associated with RA,and targeting the metabolic profile is one of the ways to manage the disease.The aim of this study is to observe the effect of GNYD on metabolic changes of human tumor necrosis factorα(hTNF-α)transgenic arthritic model mice.Methods hTNF-αtransgenic arthritic model mice were divided into the control group and the GNYD group with six mice in each group.After 8 weeks of treatment,liver tissues of mice in both groups were obtained for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis.Significantly regulated metabolites by GNYD treatment were first identified,followed by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway and network analysis.Results A total of 126 metabolites were detected in the liver.Compared with the control group,17 metabolites in the GNYD group were significantly altered.Specifically,thiamine,gamma-L-glutamyl-L-valine,pantothenic acid,pyridoxal(vitamin B6),succinic acid,uridine 5′-diphospho-glucuronic acid,uridine,allantoic acid,N-acetyl-D-glucosamine,nicotinamide ribotide,and N2,N2-dimethylguanosine were down-regulated by GNYD treatment,whereas isobutyrylglycine,N-acetylcadaverine,N-carbamoyl-L-aspartic acid,L-anserine,creatinine,and cis-4-hydroxy-D-proline were up-regulated.Six metabolic pathways were significantly altered including the alanine,aspartate,and glutamate metabolism;pyrimidine metabolism;thiamine metabolism;amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism;pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis;and citrate cycle.Integrative metabolic network analysis suggested the possibility of GNYD having both positive and negative effects on RA through the suppression of angiogenesis and the promotion of leukocyte extravasation into the synovium,respectively.Conclusions GNYD can modulate the hepatic metabolism of hTNF-αtransgenic arthritic model mice.Further optimization of this decoction may lead to better therapeutic effects on RA patients.展开更多
BACKGROUND Traditional Chinese medicine has used the drug Pien Tze Huang(PTH),a classic prescription,to treat autoimmune hepatitis(AIH).However,the precise mode of action is still unknown.AIM To investigate the mechan...BACKGROUND Traditional Chinese medicine has used the drug Pien Tze Huang(PTH),a classic prescription,to treat autoimmune hepatitis(AIH).However,the precise mode of action is still unknown.AIM To investigate the mechanism of PTH in an AIH mouse model by determining the changes in gut microbiota structure and memory regulatory T(mTreg)cells functional levels.METHODS Following induction of the AIH mouse model induced by Concanavalin A(Con A),prophylactic administration of PTH was given for 10 d.The levels of mTreg cells were measured by flow cytometry,and intestinal microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA analysis,while western blotting was used to identify activation of the toll-like receptor(TLR)2,TLR4/nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB),and CXCL16/CXCR6 signaling pathways.RESULTS In the liver of mice with AIH,PTH relieved the pathological damage and reduced the numbers of T helper type 17 cells and interferon-γ,tumor necrosis factor-alpha,interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-2,IL-6,and IL-21 expression.Simultaneously,PTH stimulated the abundance of helpful bacteria,promoted activation of the TLR2 signal,which may enhance Treg/mTreg cells quantity to produce IL-10,and suppressed activation of the TLR4/NF-κB and CXCL16/CXCR6 signaling pathways.CONCLUSION PTH regulates intestinal microbiota balance and restores mTreg cells to alleviate experimental AIH,which is closely related to the TLR/CXCL16/CXCR6/NF-κB signaling pathway.展开更多
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(82160647)Hainan Clinical Medical Research Center Project(LCYX202310)+1 种基金Hainan Provincial Major Science and Technology Projects(ZDKJ202004)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2019-I2M-5-023).
文摘In 2009,the World Health Organization included snakebite on the list of neglected tropical diseases,acknowledging it as a common occupational hazard for farmers,plantation workers,and others,causing tens of thousands of deaths and chronic physical disabilities every year.This guideline aims to provide practical information to help clinical professionals evaluate and treat snakebite victims.These recommendations are based on clinical experience and clinical research evidence.This guideline focuses on the following topics:snake venom,clinical manifestations,auxiliary examination,diagnosis,treatments,and prevention.
基金Jiangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Administration Clinical Research Base Construction Project(Jiangxi TCM Science and Education Letter[2021]No.3)Jiangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Young and Middle-aged Backbone Talents(First Batch)Training Program Project(Jiangxi TCM Science and Education Letter[2020]No.2)Jiangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Administration Science and Technology Program Project(2021B050).
文摘Objective Through bibliometrics and visual analysis of the related studies on traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)treatment of immune thrombocytopenia(ITP),this study aims to sort out the overall research progress,hotspots,and trends in this field,and provide reference for further research in ITP.Methods The articles on ITP treated by TCM were retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Database,China Science and Technology Journal Database(VIP),Web of Science Core Collection(WOSCC),and PubMed.The retrieval time was from the establishment of the databases to July 31,2022.VOSviewer,CiteSpace,Carrot2,and Note-Express were used for data analysis of the articles in terms of their quantities,types,and journals,and for visualization of research hotspots,authors,institutions,and keywords.Results 1493 Chinese articles and 40 English articles were included.The articles in Chinese mainly focus on clinical trial research and clinical experience summary,while the English articles mainly focus on clinical trial research and animal research.The Chinese articles were published in 317 Chinese journals,while English articles were published in 29 English journals.Research hotspots include the clinical syndrome differentiation of ITP,the therapeutic effect of TCM compounds on ITP,and the mechanism of ITP treatment.Keyword analysis shows that there are many research achievements in integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine treatment,clinical research,famous doctors’experience,TCM treatment,cellular immunity,and humoral immunity.The authors with the most articles in Chinese and English are Professor CHEN Xinyi and Professor MA Rou,respectively,and the research institutions with the most articles are Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine and Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences.Chinese herbs often used to treat ITP clinically include Xianhecao(Agrimoniae Herba),Nvzhenzi(Ligustri Lucidi Fructus),Mohanlian(Ecliptae Herba),Zhongjiefeng(Sarcandrae Herba),etc.,and the prescription usually used to treat ITP include Guipi Decoction(归脾汤),Xijiao Dihuang Decoction(犀角地黄汤),Bazhen Decoction(八珍汤),Erzhi Pill(二至丸),and Xiaochaihu De-coction(小柴胡汤).The main development trends toward retrospective study,TCM treatment mechanism,and data mining.
基金Jiangxi Provincial Department of Science and Technology Major Research and Development Program(20194ABC28009 and 20202BBGL73008)National Key Research and Development Program(2018YFC1706404)。
文摘Objective To explore ancient and modern medication laws of aromatic Chinese medicines in treating angina pectoris, and to provide new ideas for the clinical treatment.Methods With “angina pectoris” as the key word, ancient books prescriptions and Chinese patent medicines related to angina pectoris were collected from China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI), Traditional Chinese Medicine Database System, Chinese Medicine Prescription Database, New National Proprietary Chinese Medicine(2 nd edition), and Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition) from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2021. Core highfrequency aromatic Chinese medicines were defined, and their potential medication rules were analyzed and summarized. Microsoft Access 2010 was used for data management. Data analysis software, including Excel and IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0 were used for drug association rule analysis, and Cytoscape 3.7.2 for visual display.Results There were 67 ancient books prescriptions and 258 Chinese patent medicines containing aromatic Chinese medicines treating angina pectoris collected from relevant databases. In ancient books prescriptions, there were nine aromatic Chinese medicines with the frequency ≥10, and the most commonly used medicine was Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix), followed by Chenpi(Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium). There were 33 aromatic Chinese medicines with the frequency ≥10 in Chinese patent medicines, and the most commonly used medicine was Danshen(Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), followed by Chuanxiong(Chuanxiong Rhizoma) and Sanqi(Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma). In ancient books prescriptions, the medicines mainly belonged to intenal-warming medicines, Qi-regulating medicines, and blood circulation promoting and blood stasis removing medicines.There were eight medicine pairs with confidence equal to 100% in ancient books prescriptions, the most frequently used pairs were Chuanxiong(Chuanxiong Rhizoma) +Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix), and Xiangfu(Cyperi Rhizoma) + Chenpi(Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium). In Chinese patent medicines, the aromatic Chinese medicine Chuanxiong(Chuanxiong Rhizoma) could be combined with many other Chinese medicines, among which the Confidence and Support of Chuanxiong(Chuanxiong Rhizoma) + Danshen(Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) were at a high level.Conclusion Aromatic Chinese medicines for the treatment of angina pectoris of coronary heart disease are mainly warm, and the flavors are mainly pungent, sweet, and bitter. They mainly access to the liver, gallbladder, and pericardium meridians. The treatment of angina pectoris of coronary heart disease mainly focuses on warming heart pulse, and promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81960732 and 82060733)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(No.20224BAB206111)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Plan of Jiangxi Provincial Health Commission(No.202311141)the Open Project of Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation(No.JKLDE-KF-2101)the Open Project of Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM,Ministry of Education,Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine(No.TCM-201911).
文摘Objective:Cymbopogon citratus(DC.)Stapf is a medicinal and edible herb that is widely used for the treatment of gastric,nervous and hypertensive disorders.In this study,we investigated the cardioprotective effects and mechanisms of the essential oil,the main active ingredient of Cymbopogon citratus,on isoproterenol(ISO)-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.Methods:The compositions of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil(CCEO)were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.Cardiomyocytes were pretreated with 16.9µg/L CCEO for 1 h followed by 10µmol/L ISO for 24 h.Cardiac hypertrophy-related indicators and NLRP3 inflammasome expression were evaluated.Subsequently,transcriptome sequencing(RNA-seq)and target verification were used to further explore the underlying mechanism.Results:Our results showed that the CCEO mainly included citronellal(45.66%),geraniol(23.32%),and citronellol(10.37%).CCEO inhibited ISO-induced increases in cell surface area and protein content,as well as the upregulation of fetal gene expression.Moreover,CCEO inhibited ISO-induced NLRP3 inflammasome expression,as evidenced by decreased lactate dehydrogenase content and downregulated mRNA levels of NLRP3,ASC,CASP1,GSDMD,and IL-1β,as well as reduced protein levels of NLRP3,ASC,pro-caspase-1,caspase-1(p20),GSDMD-FL,GSDMD-N,and pro-IL-1β.The RNA-seq results showed that CCEO inhibited the increase in the mRNA levels of 26 oxidative phosphorylation complex subunits in ISO-treated cardiomyocytes.Our further experiments confirmed that CCEO suppressed ISO-induced upregulation of mt-Nd1,Sdhd,mt-Cytb,Uqcrq,and mt-Atp6 but had no obvious effects on mt-Col expression.Conclusion:CCEO inhibits ISO-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through the suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome expression and the regulation of several oxidative phosphorylation complex subunits.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81960851)Jiangxi Natural Science Foundation(20202BABL206132)Key Research Office of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Foundation of Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(8-4),and Science and Technology Innovation Team Development Program of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine(CXTD22016).
文摘Objective:To investigate the potential mechanism of Wendan decoction in obesity by screening target genes with promoter region methylation changes and constructing a multiple signaling pathways network based on promoter methylation.Methods:The methylation degree of Itgad,Col8a1,Adra2b,Jund,Rab2a,Wnt8b,Fzd9,B4galt7,Pik3cd,Creb1,Stard8,and Mmp1 in the abdominal adipose tissue of obese rats was determined using the Agena MassARRAY system.Western blot was performed to assess protein expression levels.Target genes were identified based on the methylation degree in the promoter region and protein expression.Enrichment analysis of signaling pathways was conducted to identify relevant target genes and obtain a multiple signaling pathway network associated with obesity.Core and terminal effector molecules in the pathway networks were selected as research targets for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)analysis.Results:Four genes(Adra2b,Creb1,Itgad,and Pik3cd)showed a degree of promoter methylation consistent with their respective protein expression levels.Among them,Adra2b,Creb1,and Pik3cd expression increased,while that of Itgad decreased.Enrichment analysis revealed that Creb1 and Pik3cd were involved in 6 signaling pathways related to obesity:tumor necrosis factor(TNF)signaling pathway,growth hormone synthesis/secretion and action,adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK)signaling pathway,relaxin signaling pathway,cyclic nucleotide(cAMP)signaling pathway,and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/Akt)signaling pathway.Subsequently,a multiple signaling pathways network was constructed based on promoter methylation.Key molecules including protein kinase B(AKT),mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1(mTORC1),and unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1(ULK1),as well as terminal effector molecules interleukin-1β(IL-1β),interleukin-6(IL-6),and chemokine(C-X-C motif)ligand 2(CXCL2)were selected as research targets.Wendan decoction decreased the expressions of AKT,mTORC1,IL-1β,IL-6,and CXCL2 while up-regulating ULK1 expression.Conclusion:The mechanism of Wendan decoction in preventing obesity involves the regulation of multiple signaling pathways through the control of Creb1 and Pik3cd gene promoter methylation.However,the associated multi-path gene regulation mechanism in preventing obesity is complex.Thus,further exploration is needed to elucidate the role of methylation changes in this mechanism.
基金funded by the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation,Grant Number 20232BAB216119.
文摘Rosaceae represents a vast and complex group of species,with its classification being intricate and contentious.The taxonomic placement of many species within this family has been a subject of ongoing debate.The study utilized the Illumina platform to sequence 19 plant species from 10 genera in the Rosaceae.The cp genomes,vary-ing in size from 153,366 to 159,895 bp,followed the typical quadripartite organization consisting of a large single-copy(LSC)region(84,545 to 87,883 bp),a small single-copy(SSC)region(18,174 to 19,259 bp),and a pair of inverted repeat(IR)regions(25,310 to 26,396 bp).These genomes contained 132–138 annotated genes,including 87 to 93 protein-coding genes(PCGs),37 tRNA genes,and 8 rRNA genes using MISA software,52 to 121 simple sequence repeat(SSR)loci were identified.D.arbuscular contained the least of SSRs and did not have hexanotides,A.lineata contained the richest SSRs.Long terminal repeats(LTRs)were primarily composed of palindromic and forward repeat sequences,meanwhile,The richest LTRs were found in Argentina lineata.Except for Argentina lineata,Fragariastrum eriocarpum,and Prunus trichostoma,which varied in gene type and position on both sides of the boundary,the remaining species were found to be mostly conserved according to IR boundary analysis.The examination of the Ka/Ks ratio revealed that only the infA gene had a value greater than 1,indicating that this gene was primarily subjected to positive selection during evolution.Additionally,9 hotspots of variation were identified in the LSC and SSC regions.Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the scientific validity of the genus Prunus L.sensu lato(s.l.)within the Rosaceae family.The separation of the three genera Argentina Hill,Fragariastrum Heist.ex Fabr.and Dasiphora Raf.from Potentilla L.may be a more scientific classification.These results offer fresh perspectives on the taxonomy of the Rosaceae.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82260695)the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(20232ACB206062,20212ACB206004)+2 种基金Young Jinggang Scholar of Jiangxi Province and New Century Talents Project of Jiangxi Province(2017082,2020028)the Science and Technology Innovation Team of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine(CXTD22001,CXTD22006)Project of College Students’Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine.
文摘Volatile oil(VO)is the main chemical component of common plants in Chrysanthemum genus,and it possesses several beneficial pharmacological properties,including bacteriostatic,antioxidant,anti-tumor,anti-inflammatory,antipyretic,analgesic,antiosteoporotic,antihypertensive,sedative,and hypnotic effects.To date,research on the effective components of Chrysanthemum extract has mainly focused on flavonoids,whereas limited data are available on the chemical constituents and underlying mechanisms of action of the VO components.In this review,the pharmacological activities and mechanisms of VO are comprehensively reviewed with the aim of providing a foundation for further development for medicinal,aromatherapy,and diet therapy applications.
文摘Stevioside is a low-calorie high-power sweetener with a variety of positive pharmacological effects.With the growing attention to health,stevia leaf has garnered widespread interest at home and abroad.This article reviews the main pharmacological effects of stevioside and their mechanisms,in order to provide references for the research on the edible and medicinal value of stevioside.
基金supported by the Clinical Research Plan of SHDC(No.SHDC2020CR4053SHDC2022CRS053)+14 种基金Research Project of Shanghai Municipal Health Care Commission(No.20204Y0312)Shanghai Municipal Health Commission Health Industry Clinical Research Special Project(No.20234Y0075)Health Young Talents of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(No.2022YQ026)the Clinical Research Program of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(No.202240371)Shanghai Clinical Key Specialty Construction Project(No.shslczdzk05001)Three-year Action Plan of Shanghai to Further Accelerate the Inheritance and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.ZY[2021-2023]-0302)Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.20224BAB216096)Shanghai Dermatology Research Center(No.2023ZZ02017)Shanghai Dermatology Hospital Demonstration Research Ward Project(No.SHDC2023CRW009)Xinglin Youth Scholar of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.RY411.33.10)Youth Talent Promotion Project of China Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2021–2023)Category A(No.CACM-2021-QNRC2-A10)‘‘Chen Guang”project supported by Shanghai Municipal Education Commission and Shanghai Education Development Foundation(No.22CGA50)High-level Chinese Medicine Key Discipline Construction Project(Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine Clinic)of National Administration of TCM(No.zyyzdxk-2023065)Shanghai Talent Development Fund(No.2021073)Shanghai Sailing Program(No.20YF1450500)。
文摘Background:Acute gouty arthritis(AGA)is an inflammatory joint disease with a high prevalence.Typical medical interventions,including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,colchicine and glucocorticoids,can have serious adverse reactions.Huzhang Granule(HZG),a compound Chinese herbal medicine,has been used to treat AGA for more than 30 years with satisfactory effects and no significant adverse reactions.However,the efficacy and safety of HZG in AGA patients remains unknown.Objective:The present investigation was designed to examine the efficacy and safety profile of HZG in managing AGA patients.Design,setting,participants and interventions:The current study was conducted as a noninferiority,randomized controlled clinical trial on 180 eligible enrolled participants.Participants were randomly assigned into the HZG and etoricoxib groups.Treatments were administered for 5 d,during which the HZG group received HZG and placebo etoricoxib,while the etoricoxib group received etoricoxib and placebo HZG in the same ratio(1:1).Main outcome measures:The primary outcome was pain experienced by the patient in the gout-afflicted joint from days 2 to 5 of the treatment window.The pain level was measured via a visual analogue scale,ranging from 0 mm to 100 mm.The secondary outcomes comprised joint tenderness and swelling,reduction of inflammatory biomarkers,and the patient’s and investigator’s global evaluations of therapeutic response.Results:The mean reduction in pain was-51.22 mm(95%confidence interval[CI],[-53.42,-49.03]mm)for the HZG and-52.00 mm(95%CI,[-54.06,-49.94]mm)for the etoricoxib groups.The mean difference between the two groups was 0.78 mm(95%CI,[-2.25,3.81]mm).All additional efficacy endpoints,covering decreased inflammation and pain relief,yielded compelling proof of noninferiority.Patients in the HZG group exhibited a comparatively lower rate of adverse events compared to those in the etoricoxib group(4.44%vs 13.33%;P≤0.05).Conclusion:HZG and etoricoxib groups demonstrated similar levels of analgesic effectiveness.The safety and efficacy of HZG indicates that it can be used as a potential therapeutic option for treating AGA.
基金Research Project of Jing'an District,Shanghai,No.2019QN09Shanghai Youth Science and Technology Talents Sailing Program,No.20YF1449900The Third Jing'an District Modern Chinese Medicine Teacher Training Project(ZYSC-2022-8)。
文摘Apoptosis is a spontaneous programmed cell death process,which is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors.Inducing apoptosis of tumor cells has become an important way of anti-tumor therapy.Studies have found that clearing heat-toxin Chinese medicine has a significant effect on inducing apoptosis,which may be the key mechanism of anti-tumor of Chinese medicine.By reviewing the theoretical origin of anti-tumor TCM of clearing heat-toxin Chinese herbs and the pharmacological research progress of intervening apoptosis-related proteins to promote apoptosis of tumor cells,this paper provides a basis for TCM to induce apoptosis of tumor cells to prevent and treat malignant tumors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81873063)High-level talents Research project of Hefei Normal University(2020rcjj30)+2 种基金Key Project of Provincial Scientific Research Platform of Hefei Normal University in 2020(2020PTZD14)Key Project of Universities Natural Science Foundation of Anhui province(KJ2021A0935,KJ2021A0932)Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(ZYYCXTD-C-202009).
文摘Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of petal and stamen extracts of saffron crocus(Crocus sativus)and explore the underlying mechanism.Methods:Local and systemic inflammation models were used to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of C.sativus.A xyleneinduced inflammation model or lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced inflammation model was used in this study.C.sativus petal and stamen extracts were each administered to the mice in the xylene and LPS models by gavage for 14 d at 0.1 and 0.4 g/kg doses,respectively.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to measure the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-αand interleukin(IL)-1βin mouse serum.Hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)staining was used to observe the pathological changes in the ear in the xylene-induced inflammation model and in the spleen in the LPS-induced inflammation model.NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3(NLRP3)protein levels within the nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)pathway were assessed using western blotting.RAW264.7 cells were treated with LPS(5μg/mL)and LPS+C.sativus(0.05,0.1,and 0.2 mg/mL)for 24 h,and a Cell Counting Kit-8 was used to measure cell proliferation.Changes in NLRP3 and NF-κB levels were evaluated by western blotting.Results:Petal and stamen extracts of C.sativus attenuated the anti-inflammatory effects in local or systemic inflammatory models and repaired pathological changes in the ear in the xylene-induced inflammation model and spleen in the LPS-induced inflammation model.These extracts also decreased the concentrations of TNF-αand IL-1βin the mouse serum in the LPS-induced inflammation model.C.sativus downregulated NLRP3 protein level through the NF-κB pathway and downregulated LC-3 and BECLIN1 in vivo and in vitro.Carbonyl Cyanide3-ChloroPhenylhydrazone(CCCP)weakened the effects of C.sativus on the NLRP3–NF-κB pathway.Conclusion:C.sativus has anti-inflammatory effects and regulates the NLRP3-NF-κB pathway.
基金This work was financially supported through grants from the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2019B1515120043)National Natural Science Foundation of China(File No.82104354)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao SAR(File No.0016/2021/A)and the Open Project of Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Ministry of Education,Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine(zdsys-202101)Open access funding provided by Shanghai Jiao Tong University
文摘Parkinson’s disease(PD),a neurodegenerative disease that shows a high incidence in older individuals,is becoming increasingly prevalent.Unfortunately,there is no clinical cure for PD,and novel anti-PD drugs are therefore urgently required.However,the selective permeability of the blood–brain barrier(BBB)poses a huge challenge in the development of such drugs.Fortunately,through strategies based on the physiological characteristics of the BBB and other modifications,including enhancement of BBB permeability,nanotechnology can offer a solution to this problem and facilitate drug delivery across the BBB.Although nanomaterials are often used as carriers for PD treatment,their biological activity is ignored.Several studies in recent years have shown that nanomaterials can improve PD symptoms via their own nano-bio effects.In this review,we first summarize the physiological features of the BBB and then discuss the design of appropriate brain-targeted delivery nanoplatforms for PD treatment.Subsequently,we highlight the emerging strategies for crossing the BBB and the development of novel nanomaterials with anti-PD nano-biological effects.Finally,we discuss the current challenges in nanomaterial-based PD treatment and the future trends in this field.Our review emphasizes the clinical value of nanotechnology in PD treatment based on recent patents and could guide researchers working in this area in the future.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation (No.20775066)Yunnan Province's Natural Science Foundations of China (Nos.2005E0006Z and 2007B203M).
文摘A new chromatographic purification of single-walled carbon nanotubes using high-speed countercurrent chromatography is reported. The purification was accomplished on the basis of experiment that dispersed the single-walled carbon nanotubes with sodium dodecyl sulfate, and the result mixture was separated using the two phase system composed of n-butanol/water = 1/1 （v/v）. The sizes of SWNTs separated were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The results demonstrated that the high-speed countercurrent chromatography possessed a good efficency for purification of single-walled carbon nanotubes.
基金funding support from the Major Science and Technology Research and Development Special Project of Jiangxi Science and Technology Department(No.20194ABC28009)National Key Research and Development Plan(No.2018YFC1706404)。
文摘Objective To explore the pharmacodynamic material basis and mechanism of action of volatile oil from Chuanxiong(Chuanxiong Rhizoma)-Suhexiang(Styrax)-Bingpian(Borneolum)(hereinafter referred to as C-S-B volatile oil)in treating angina pectoris based on network pharmacology and to detect its protective effects against rat myocardial damage.Methods Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)was used to determine the constituents of volatile oils from Chuanxiong(Chuanxiong Rhizoma),Suhexiang(Styrax),and Bingpian(Borneolum),and the targets of the three main constituents were found predicted and screened using the PharmMapper server,and Gene Cards and Coo LGe N databases.The STRING database and Cytoscape software were used to draw the protein-protein interaction(PPI)network,RStudio software was used to analyze Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genome and Genome(KEGG)pathways,and Cytoscape software was used to construct the component-target-pathwaydisease network.The rat model of myocardial injury was established by intraperitoneal injection of a large dose of isoprenaline hydrochloride.After continuous intervention with C-S-B volatile oil for 14 d,the ejection fraction(EF)and short axis shortening rate(FS)of the left ventricle were detected.The indices of myocardial damage were detected after hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.Results Fifteen volatile oil components from the C-S-B formula were identified.There are 470 targets of these volatile oil components and 401 angina-related genes.There are 28 core targets,including CHRM4,ADRA1 A,FGFR1,CHRM2,CYP2 A6,CHRM5,CHRM1,CHRM3,HDAC2,and MPO,etc..The results of the KEGG analysis indicated that the C-S-B formula probably interferes with the following pathways:neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions,calcium signaling,cytochrome P450 metabolism of heteropoietin,among others.The results of animal experiments showed that the C-S-B formula essential oil could significantly improve the following myocardial indices in rats with myocardial injury:EF,FS,left ventricular end-systolic diameter(LVIDs),left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVIDd),and stroke volume(SV),and all the differences were statistically significant(P<0.01).Conclusion The mechanism of action of volatile oil components in the C-S-B formula in treating angina pectoris was analyzed using multi-component,multi-target and multi-pathway systems,which has laid a foundation for further revealing its mechanism of action.Animal experiments have shown that the volatile oil of the C-S-B formula can improve EF,FS,and other indices of myocardial damage in a rat model,thus relieving myocardial damage caused by heart hyperactivity,improving cardiac function,and protecting against myocardial damage.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(81960714)Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine Graduate Innovation Project(JZYC21S52)。
文摘Objective To predict the molecular mechanism of Dihuang(Rehmanniae Radix)in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy(DN)complicated with depression based on network pharmacology.Methods The components of Dihuang(Rehmanniae Radix)were identified from the Integrated Pharmacology-based Research Platform of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCMIP),Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP),and relevant literature.The component targets were detected by combining the SwissTargetPrediction and Pub Chem databases.Disease targets were collected from the Therapeutic Target Database(TTD),Dis Ge NET,and Ensembl databases with“diabetic nephropathy”and“depression”as keywords.The disease-component targets were mapped using Venny 2.1.0 to obtain potential targets.A protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was constructed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins(STRING)database and Cytoscape 3.7.2.The co-expression genes of the key targets were collected based on the COXPRESdb 7.3.Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analysis were performed for potential targets using R language.Target-component docking was verified and evaluated using Discovery Studio 4.5.Results According to the databases and literature reports,Dihuang(Rehmanniae Radix)contained 65 active components,and had 155 related targets for the treatment of DN complicated with depression.PPI screening showed that the key targets included serine/threonine protein kinase 1(AKT1),signal transducer and activator transcription 3(STAT3),interleukin 6(IL-6),mitogen-activated protein kinase 1(MAPK1),and vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA),etc.GO enrichment analysis mainly involved biological processes,such as lipid metabolism,protein secretion regulation,cell homeostasis,and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase activity.KEGG pathway enrichment analysis included the role of the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complements,insulin resistance(IR),neurotrophin signal path,Toll-like receptor signaling pathway,relaxin signaling pathway,epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors(EGFR-TKIs),etc.Molecular docking showed that the target had high affinity for stachyose,manninotriose,verbascose,nigerose,etc.Conclusion Based on network parmacology,this study preliminarily predict the effects of Dihuang(Rehmanniae Radix)in treating DN complicated with depression by regulating inflammation,glucose metabolism,nution nerve,etc.
基金Jiangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Young and Middle-aged Backbone Talent Preject Second Batch(1242001415).
文摘Objective This study focused on the application regularity of medicinal and dietary sub-stances(MDS)of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)diet therapy during rehabilitation,in order to help patients with Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19)reduce sequelae and improve their life quality.Methods The official websites of the national and provincial health committees,the website of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,the China BioMedical Literature Database(CBM),China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),China Science and Technology Journal Database(VIP),and Wanfang Database were used to search the keywords,such as“coronavirus”“novel coronavirus pneumonia”“COVID-19”“protocol”“guideline”“consensus”and“rehabilitation period”.The search time was from the establishment of databases to July 31,2022.The prevention and control protocols of various provinces and cities were manually supplemented and screened out.The information on the frequency,property,flavor,meridian tropism,and efficacy of MDS was collected for association rule analysis through the Apriori algorithm.Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed using the Euclidean distance and longest distance.Results A total of 18 protocols were screened out,including 56 lists of TCM diet therapy,and 47 kinds of MDS with a frequency of 132 times during the rehabilitation of COVID-19.Among them,six lists of diet therapy were collected from national websites,26 from local government websites,and 24 from social and academic institution websites.The intended population can be divided into seven categories including normal recovery,lung-spleen Qi deficiency,deficiency of both Qi and Yin,spleen-stomach weakness,deficiency of Yang Qi,kidney Qi deficiency,and blood deficiency.Shanyao(Dioscoreae Rhizoma)and Lianzi(Nelumbinis Semen),followed by Dazao(Jujubae Fructus)were used most commonly in MDS,with mainly flat property,sweet flavor,and spleen and lung meridians in meridian tropism.Besides,deficiency-tonifying drugs were commonly used in MDS.Through association rule analysis,12 groups of association MDS pairs were obtained.The pair of Yiyiren(Coicis Semen)and Chenpi(Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium)had the highest Lift value,and Yiyiren(Coicis Semen)was used most frequently in the MDS category for eliminating pathogenic factors.The results of complex network analysis showed that the core MDS were Yiyiren(Coicis Semen),Shanyao(Dioscoreae Rhizoma),Huangqi(Astragali Radix),Fuling(Poria),and Dazao(Jujubae Fructus).Three core categories were classified by cluster analysis,including the category of strengthening spleen,nourishing kidney,and grasping Qi,the category of removing phlegm,abating panting,and regulating Qi,and the category of strengthening the middle-energizer and reinforcing Qi.Conclusion Based on the TCM theory,most patients during the rehabilitation of COVID-19 are in a state of lingering pathogens due to deficient vital Qi.TCM diet therapy is based on the principle of“giving both reinforcing and reducing treatment”,and the MDS combinations focus on both reinforcing the health Qi and eliminating pathogenic factors.The diet therapy mainly uses the MDS with flat property and sweet flavor,which belongs to deficiency-tonifying drugs,adding suitable MDS of pathogen-eliminating drugs according to different situations.The ultimate goal is to promote lung inflammation absorption,improve pulmonary fibrosis,increase immunity,reduce the occurrence of sequelae,and improve life quality.
基金supported by Jiangxi Provincial Health Department Chinese Medicine Research Program Project{[2004]No.28}.
文摘The classified prescriptions from Chaihu decoction have been widely used in ancient and modern times.In spite of many previous research studies,the extensiveness and diversity of their applications have not been systematically studied.The author applied Chaihu Wendan decoction to treat phlegm and qi stagnation in the middle energizer,applied Chaihu Guizhi decoction to treat simultaneous disease of Shaoyang and Taiyang,applied Chaihu Xiexin decoction to treat simultaneous disease of the spleen,stomach,liver,and gallbladder,applied Chaihu Ermiao powder to treat simultaneous disease of hand Shaoyang and foot Taiyin,applied Chaihu Erchen decoction to treat simultaneous disease of Shaoyang and Taiyin,applied Chailing decoction to treat simultaneous disease of hand Shaoyin and foot Taiyang,applied Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiang decoction to treat Shaoyang and Taiyin cold fluid retention and heat stagnation syndrome of Shaoyang complicated with Taiyin,applied Chaihu Xingren decoction to treat simultaneous disease of hand Shaoyang and hand Taiyin,applied Chaihu Sanren decoction to treat the disease caused by damp-heat stagnation in the hand Shaoyang and the foot Taiyin,and applied Chaihu Ganlu Xiaodu pellet to treat the diseases of hand Shaoyang and foot Yangming.The effects were all remarkable.
文摘The treatment of malignant tumor is mainly based on modern medical treatment,after treatment,there are many adverse reactions,such as dizziness,headache,fever,numbness of limbs,pruritus,rash,spasm,phalacrosis,elevated blood pressure,anemia,myelosuppression,impaired functions of liver and kidney."Endogenous wind"is a part of Traditional Chinese medicine,and the researches are mainly focused on tumor metastasis and treatment.The researches on the adverse reactions associated with the treatment of malignant tumors are less.This paper is built on the theory of"endogenous wind"of Chinese medicine,and initially analyzes the progress of the research on adverse reactions of malignant tumors after treatment by modern medical means.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Project of Guangdong Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Bureau(20201229)and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Project(2021M701438).
文摘Objective Gancao Nourish-Yin Decoction(GNYD)has been applied to clinical rheumatoid arthritis(RA)patients,and it had shown effectiveness not only in disease activity controlling but also in improving patients'physical status.However,its mechanism of function has not been investigated.Metabolic perturbations have been associated with RA,and targeting the metabolic profile is one of the ways to manage the disease.The aim of this study is to observe the effect of GNYD on metabolic changes of human tumor necrosis factorα(hTNF-α)transgenic arthritic model mice.Methods hTNF-αtransgenic arthritic model mice were divided into the control group and the GNYD group with six mice in each group.After 8 weeks of treatment,liver tissues of mice in both groups were obtained for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis.Significantly regulated metabolites by GNYD treatment were first identified,followed by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway and network analysis.Results A total of 126 metabolites were detected in the liver.Compared with the control group,17 metabolites in the GNYD group were significantly altered.Specifically,thiamine,gamma-L-glutamyl-L-valine,pantothenic acid,pyridoxal(vitamin B6),succinic acid,uridine 5′-diphospho-glucuronic acid,uridine,allantoic acid,N-acetyl-D-glucosamine,nicotinamide ribotide,and N2,N2-dimethylguanosine were down-regulated by GNYD treatment,whereas isobutyrylglycine,N-acetylcadaverine,N-carbamoyl-L-aspartic acid,L-anserine,creatinine,and cis-4-hydroxy-D-proline were up-regulated.Six metabolic pathways were significantly altered including the alanine,aspartate,and glutamate metabolism;pyrimidine metabolism;thiamine metabolism;amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism;pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis;and citrate cycle.Integrative metabolic network analysis suggested the possibility of GNYD having both positive and negative effects on RA through the suppression of angiogenesis and the promotion of leukocyte extravasation into the synovium,respectively.Conclusions GNYD can modulate the hepatic metabolism of hTNF-αtransgenic arthritic model mice.Further optimization of this decoction may lead to better therapeutic effects on RA patients.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81603402,82060798,81860791the Special Fund Project for Graduate Innovation of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine,No.JZYC22S77+3 种基金a Special Fund Project for Graduate Innovation of Jiangxi Province,No.YC2022-s840,YC2022-B188Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Innovation Team Development Program,No.CXTD22008the Young and Middle-aged Backbone Talent Project of Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.[2020]05Young Qhuang Scholars support Project of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.[2022]256.
文摘BACKGROUND Traditional Chinese medicine has used the drug Pien Tze Huang(PTH),a classic prescription,to treat autoimmune hepatitis(AIH).However,the precise mode of action is still unknown.AIM To investigate the mechanism of PTH in an AIH mouse model by determining the changes in gut microbiota structure and memory regulatory T(mTreg)cells functional levels.METHODS Following induction of the AIH mouse model induced by Concanavalin A(Con A),prophylactic administration of PTH was given for 10 d.The levels of mTreg cells were measured by flow cytometry,and intestinal microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA analysis,while western blotting was used to identify activation of the toll-like receptor(TLR)2,TLR4/nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB),and CXCL16/CXCR6 signaling pathways.RESULTS In the liver of mice with AIH,PTH relieved the pathological damage and reduced the numbers of T helper type 17 cells and interferon-γ,tumor necrosis factor-alpha,interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-2,IL-6,and IL-21 expression.Simultaneously,PTH stimulated the abundance of helpful bacteria,promoted activation of the TLR2 signal,which may enhance Treg/mTreg cells quantity to produce IL-10,and suppressed activation of the TLR4/NF-κB and CXCL16/CXCR6 signaling pathways.CONCLUSION PTH regulates intestinal microbiota balance and restores mTreg cells to alleviate experimental AIH,which is closely related to the TLR/CXCL16/CXCR6/NF-κB signaling pathway.
