Fusarium sp. strain ZH-H2 is capable to degrade high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （HMW-PAHs）, smooth bromegrass （Bromus inermis Leyss.） can also degrade 4- to 6-ring PAHs. Pot experiments were...Fusarium sp. strain ZH-H2 is capable to degrade high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （HMW-PAHs）, smooth bromegrass （Bromus inermis Leyss.） can also degrade 4- to 6-ring PAHs. Pot experiments were conducted to investigate how bromegrass and different inoculum sizes of ZH-H2 clean up HMW-PAHs in agricultural soil derived from a coal mine area. The results showed that, compared with control, different sizes of inocula of ZH-H2 effectively degraded HMW-PAHs, with removal rates of 19.01, 34.25 and 29.26% for 4-, 5- and 6-ring PAHs in the treatment with 1.0 g kg-1ZH- H2 incubation after 90 d. After 5 mon of cultivation, bromegrass reached degradation rate of these compounds by 12.66, 36.26 and 36.24%, respectively. By adding strain ZH-H2 to bromegrass, HMW-PAHs degradation was further improved up to 4.24 times greater than bromegrass （W）, in addition to the degradation rate of Bbf decrease. For removal rates of both 5- and 6-ring PAHs, addition of 0.5 g kg-1 Fusarium ZH-H2 to pots with bromegrass performed better than addition of 0.1 g kg-1, while the highest concentration of 1.0 g kg-1 Fusarium ZH-H2 did not further improve degradation. Degradation of4-ring PAHs showed no significant difference among different ZH-H2 incubations with bromegrass treatments. We found that the degradation rates of 4-, 5- and 6-ring PAHs in all treatments are significantly correlated in a positive, linear man- ner with activity of lignin peroxidase （LIP） （t=0.8065, 0.9350 and 0.9165, respectively）, while degradation of 5- and 6-ring PAHs is correlated to polyphenoloxidase （PPO） activity （r=0.7577 and 07806）. Our findings suggest that the combination of Fusarium sp. ZH-H2 and bromegrass offers a suitable alternative for phytoremediation of aged PAH-contaminated soil in coal mining areas, with a recommended inoculation size of 0.5 g Fusarium sp. ZH-H2 per kg soil.展开更多
The objective of this study was to determine the efficiency of different plant systems in capturing deep soil nitrate （NO3-） to reduce NO3- leaching in a field plot experiment using 15N labelling. The study was cond...The objective of this study was to determine the efficiency of different plant systems in capturing deep soil nitrate （NO3-） to reduce NO3- leaching in a field plot experiment using 15N labelling. The study was conducted on a calcareous alluvial soil on the North China Plains and the plant systems evaluated included alfalfa （Medicago sativa）, American black poplar （Populus nigra） and cocksfoot （Dactylis）. ^15N-labelled N fertilizer was injected to 90 cm depth to determine the recovery of ^15N by the plants. With conventional water and nutrient management, the total recovery of ^15N-labeled NO3--N was 23.4% by alfalfa after two consecutive growth years. The recovery was significantly higher than those by American black poplar （12.3%） and cocksfoot （11.4%）. The highest proportion of soil residual ~SN from the labeled fertilizer N （%Ndff） was detected around 90 cm soil depth at the time of the 1st year harvest and at 110-130 cm soil depth at time of the 2nd year harvest. Soil %Ndff in 0-80 cm depth was significantly higher in the alfalfa treatment than those in all the other treatments. The soil %Ndff below 100 cm depth was much lower in the alfalfa than those in all the other treatments. These results indicated that ^15N leaching losses in the alfalfa treatment were significantly lower than by those in the black poplar and cocksfoot treatments, due to the higher root density located in nitrate labeling zone of soil profile. In conclusion, alfalfa may be used as a plant to capture deep soil NO3- left from previous crops to reduce NO3- leaching in high intensity crop cultivation systems of North China Plain.展开更多
Agricultural non-point source pollution is increasingly an important issue affecting surface water quality.Currently,the majority of the studies on nitrogen loss have focused on the agricultural field scale,however,th...Agricultural non-point source pollution is increasingly an important issue affecting surface water quality.Currently,the majority of the studies on nitrogen loss have focused on the agricultural field scale,however,the response of surface water quality at the watershed scale into the nitrogen loss at the field scale is poorly understood.The present study systematically reviewed the critical processes and major factors that nitrogen transport from farm fields to surface water bodies.The critical processes of farmland nitrogen entering surface water bodies involve the processes of nitrogen transport from farmland to ditches and the transformation processes of nitrogen during migration in ditches/rivers.Nitrogen transport from farmland to ditches is one of the prerequisites and critical processes for farmland nitrogen transport to surface water bodies.The transformation of nitrogen forms in ditches/rivers is an intermediate process in the migration of nitrogen from farmland to surface water bodies.Nitrogen loss from farmland is related to soil storage and exogenous inputs.Therefore,nitrogen input management should not only consider the current input,but also the contribution of soil storage due to the historical surpluses.Ditches/rivers have a strong retention capacity for nitrogen,which will significantly affect the process of farmland nitrogen entering surface water bodies.The factors affecting nitrogen transformation in river/ditches can be placed in four categories:(1)factors affecting hydraulic retention time,(2)factors affecting contact area,(3)factors affecting biological activity,and(4)forms and amount of nitrogen loading to river/ditches.Ditch systems are more biologically(including plants and microbes)active than rivers with biological factors having a greater influence on nitrogen transformation.When developing pollution prevention and control strategies,ecological ditches can be constructed to increase biological activity and reduce the amount of surplus nitrogen entering the water body.The present research should be valuable for the evaluation of environment impacts of nitrogen loss and the non-point source pollution control.展开更多
基金supported by the National High-Tech R&D Program of China(863 Program)(2012AA101403)the Educational Commission of Hebei Province of China(Z2013058)+1 种基金the Human Resources Department of Hebei Province of China(2013–2016 Project)the Educational Commission of Hebei Province of China(ZD2013013)
文摘Fusarium sp. strain ZH-H2 is capable to degrade high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （HMW-PAHs）, smooth bromegrass （Bromus inermis Leyss.） can also degrade 4- to 6-ring PAHs. Pot experiments were conducted to investigate how bromegrass and different inoculum sizes of ZH-H2 clean up HMW-PAHs in agricultural soil derived from a coal mine area. The results showed that, compared with control, different sizes of inocula of ZH-H2 effectively degraded HMW-PAHs, with removal rates of 19.01, 34.25 and 29.26% for 4-, 5- and 6-ring PAHs in the treatment with 1.0 g kg-1ZH- H2 incubation after 90 d. After 5 mon of cultivation, bromegrass reached degradation rate of these compounds by 12.66, 36.26 and 36.24%, respectively. By adding strain ZH-H2 to bromegrass, HMW-PAHs degradation was further improved up to 4.24 times greater than bromegrass （W）, in addition to the degradation rate of Bbf decrease. For removal rates of both 5- and 6-ring PAHs, addition of 0.5 g kg-1 Fusarium ZH-H2 to pots with bromegrass performed better than addition of 0.1 g kg-1, while the highest concentration of 1.0 g kg-1 Fusarium ZH-H2 did not further improve degradation. Degradation of4-ring PAHs showed no significant difference among different ZH-H2 incubations with bromegrass treatments. We found that the degradation rates of 4-, 5- and 6-ring PAHs in all treatments are significantly correlated in a positive, linear man- ner with activity of lignin peroxidase （LIP） （t=0.8065, 0.9350 and 0.9165, respectively）, while degradation of 5- and 6-ring PAHs is correlated to polyphenoloxidase （PPO） activity （r=0.7577 and 07806）. Our findings suggest that the combination of Fusarium sp. ZH-H2 and bromegrass offers a suitable alternative for phytoremediation of aged PAH-contaminated soil in coal mining areas, with a recommended inoculation size of 0.5 g Fusarium sp. ZH-H2 per kg soil.
基金financially supported by the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province in China(C2006000491)the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30571110,31172033)the National 863 Program of China(2012AA101403-3)
文摘The objective of this study was to determine the efficiency of different plant systems in capturing deep soil nitrate （NO3-） to reduce NO3- leaching in a field plot experiment using 15N labelling. The study was conducted on a calcareous alluvial soil on the North China Plains and the plant systems evaluated included alfalfa （Medicago sativa）, American black poplar （Populus nigra） and cocksfoot （Dactylis）. ^15N-labelled N fertilizer was injected to 90 cm depth to determine the recovery of ^15N by the plants. With conventional water and nutrient management, the total recovery of ^15N-labeled NO3--N was 23.4% by alfalfa after two consecutive growth years. The recovery was significantly higher than those by American black poplar （12.3%） and cocksfoot （11.4%）. The highest proportion of soil residual ~SN from the labeled fertilizer N （%Ndff） was detected around 90 cm soil depth at the time of the 1st year harvest and at 110-130 cm soil depth at time of the 2nd year harvest. Soil %Ndff in 0-80 cm depth was significantly higher in the alfalfa treatment than those in all the other treatments. The soil %Ndff below 100 cm depth was much lower in the alfalfa than those in all the other treatments. These results indicated that ^15N leaching losses in the alfalfa treatment were significantly lower than by those in the black poplar and cocksfoot treatments, due to the higher root density located in nitrate labeling zone of soil profile. In conclusion, alfalfa may be used as a plant to capture deep soil NO3- left from previous crops to reduce NO3- leaching in high intensity crop cultivation systems of North China Plain.
基金financially supported by the Key S&T Special Project of Yunnan Province (202202AE090034)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42107410)+3 种基金the Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department (BJ2021026)the Hebei Financial Aid Program for Introduced Overseas Scholars (C20200330)the Taishan Industry Leading Talents High-Efficiency Agriculture Innovation Project (LJNY202125)the Expert Workstation of Dali
文摘Agricultural non-point source pollution is increasingly an important issue affecting surface water quality.Currently,the majority of the studies on nitrogen loss have focused on the agricultural field scale,however,the response of surface water quality at the watershed scale into the nitrogen loss at the field scale is poorly understood.The present study systematically reviewed the critical processes and major factors that nitrogen transport from farm fields to surface water bodies.The critical processes of farmland nitrogen entering surface water bodies involve the processes of nitrogen transport from farmland to ditches and the transformation processes of nitrogen during migration in ditches/rivers.Nitrogen transport from farmland to ditches is one of the prerequisites and critical processes for farmland nitrogen transport to surface water bodies.The transformation of nitrogen forms in ditches/rivers is an intermediate process in the migration of nitrogen from farmland to surface water bodies.Nitrogen loss from farmland is related to soil storage and exogenous inputs.Therefore,nitrogen input management should not only consider the current input,but also the contribution of soil storage due to the historical surpluses.Ditches/rivers have a strong retention capacity for nitrogen,which will significantly affect the process of farmland nitrogen entering surface water bodies.The factors affecting nitrogen transformation in river/ditches can be placed in four categories:(1)factors affecting hydraulic retention time,(2)factors affecting contact area,(3)factors affecting biological activity,and(4)forms and amount of nitrogen loading to river/ditches.Ditch systems are more biologically(including plants and microbes)active than rivers with biological factors having a greater influence on nitrogen transformation.When developing pollution prevention and control strategies,ecological ditches can be constructed to increase biological activity and reduce the amount of surplus nitrogen entering the water body.The present research should be valuable for the evaluation of environment impacts of nitrogen loss and the non-point source pollution control.
