Objective The study aimed to investigate the impact of rare earth elements(REEs)exposure on pregnancy outcomes of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer(IVF-ET)by analyzing samples from spouses.Methods A total of 141 ...Objective The study aimed to investigate the impact of rare earth elements(REEs)exposure on pregnancy outcomes of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer(IVF-ET)by analyzing samples from spouses.Methods A total of 141 couples were included.Blood and follicular fluid from the wives and semen plasma from the husbands,were analyzed for REEs using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).Spearman's correlation coefficients and the Mann–Whitney U test were used to assess correlations and compare REE concentrations among three types of samples,respectively.Logistic models were utilized to estimate the individual REE effect on IVF-ET outcomes,while BKMR and WQS models explored the mixture of REE interaction effects on IVF-ET outcomes.Results Higher La concentration in semen(median 0.089 ng/mL,P=0.03)was associated with a lower fertilization rate.However,this effect was not observed after artificial selection intervention through intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI)(P=0.27).In semen,the REEs mixture did not exhibit any significant association with clinical pregnancy.Conclusion Our study revealed a potential association between high La exposure in semen and a decline in fertilization rate,but not clinical pregnancy rate.This is the first to report REEs concentrations in follicular fluid with La,Ce,Pr,and Nd found at significantly lower concentrations than in serum,suggesting that these four REEs may not accumulate in the female reproductive system.However,at the current exposure levels,mixed REEs exposure did not exhibit reproductive toxicity.展开更多
Objective The study is to identify the carrier rate of common deafness mutation in Chinese pregnant women via detecting deafness gene mutations with gene chip. Methods The pregnant women in obstetric clinic without he...Objective The study is to identify the carrier rate of common deafness mutation in Chinese pregnant women via detecting deafness gene mutations with gene chip. Methods The pregnant women in obstetric clinic without hearing impairment and hearing disorders family history were selected. The informed consent was signed. Peripheral blood was taken to extract genom- ic DNA. Application of genetic deafness gene chip for detecting 9 mutational hot spot of the most common 4 Chinese deafness genes, namely GJB2 （35delG, 176del16bp, 235delC, 299delAT）, GJB3 （C538T） ,SLC26A4 （ IVS72A〉G, A2168G） and mito- chondrial DNA 12S rRNA （A1555G, C1494T） . Further genetic testing were provided to the spouses and newborns of the screened carriers. Results Peripheral blood of 430 pregnant women were detected, detection of deafness gene mutation carri- ers in 24 cases（4.2%）, including 13 cases of the GJB2 heterozygous mutation, 3 cases of SLC26A4 heterozygous mutation, 1 cases of GJB3 heterozygous mutation, and 1 case of mitochondrial 12S rRNA mutation. 18 spouses and 17 newborns took further genetic tests, and 6 newborns inherited the mutation from their mother. Conclusion The common deafness genes muta- tion has a high carrier rate in pregnant women group, 235delC and IVS7-2A〉G heterozygous mutations are common.展开更多
Objective To determine if ARHGEF10 has a haploinsufficient effect and provide evidence to evaluate the severity,if any,during prenatal consultation.Methods Zebrafish was used as a model for generating mutant.The patte...Objective To determine if ARHGEF10 has a haploinsufficient effect and provide evidence to evaluate the severity,if any,during prenatal consultation.Methods Zebrafish was used as a model for generating mutant.The pattern of arhgef10 expression in the early stages of zebrafish development was observed using whole-mount in situ hybridization(WISH).CRISPR/Cas9 was applied to generate a zebrafish model with a single-copy or homozygous arhgef10 deletion.Activity and light/dark tests were performed in arhgef10^(−/−),arhgef10^(+/−),and wild-type zebrafish larvae.ARHGEF10 was knocked down using small interferon RNA(siRNA)in the SH-SY5Y cell line,and cell proliferation and apoptosis were determined using the CCK-8 assay and Annexin V/PI staining,respectively.Results WISH showed that during zebrafish embryonic development arhgef10 was expressed in the midbrain and hindbrain at 36-72 h post-fertilization(hpf)and in the hemopoietic system at 36-48 hpf.The zebrafish larvae with single-copy and homozygous arhgef10 deletions had lower exercise capacity and poorer responses to environmental changes compared to wild-type zebrafish larvae.Moreover,arhgef10^(−/−) zebrafish had more severe symptoms than arhgef10^(+/-) zebrafish.Knockdown of ARHGEF10 in human neuroblastoma cells led to decreased cell proliferation and increased cell apoptosis.Conclusion Based on our findings,ARHGEF10 appeared to have a haploinsufficiency effect.展开更多
Originating but free from chromosomal DNA,extrachromosomal circular DNAs(eccDNAs)are organized in circular form and have long been found in unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes.Their biogenesis and function are po...Originating but free from chromosomal DNA,extrachromosomal circular DNAs(eccDNAs)are organized in circular form and have long been found in unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes.Their biogenesis and function are poorly understood as they are characterized by sequence homology with linear DNA,for which few detection methods are available.Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies have revealed that eccDNAs play crucial roles in tumor formation,evolution,and drug resistance as well as aging,genomic diversity,and other biological processes,bringing it back to the research hotspot.Several mechanisms of eccDNA formation have been proposed,including the breakage-fusion-bridge(BFB)and translocation-deletion-amplification models.Gynecologic tumors and disorders of embryonic and fetal development are major threats to human reproductive health.The roles of eccDNAs in these pathological processes have been partially elucidated since the first discovery of eccDNA in pig sperm and the double minutes in ovarian cancer ascites.The present review summarized the research history,biogenesis,and currently available detection and analytical methods for eccDNAs and clarified their functions in gynecologic tumors and reproduction.We also proposed the application of eccDNAs as drug targets and liquid biopsy markers for prenatal diagnosis and the early detection,prognosis,and treatment of gynecologic tumors.This review lays theoretical foundations for future investigations into the complex regulatory networks of eccDNAs in vital physiological and pathological processes.展开更多
Objective To investigate whether there are significant differences in pregnancy outcomes between frozen-thawed D3/D5 and D3/D6 sequential embryo transfer(SeET)in women with repeated implantation failure(RIF).Methods W...Objective To investigate whether there are significant differences in pregnancy outcomes between frozen-thawed D3/D5 and D3/D6 sequential embryo transfer(SeET)in women with repeated implantation failure(RIF).Methods Women who experienced RIF and underwent frozen-thawed cycles with SeET were included and were divided into two groups:D3/D5(n=455)and D3/D6(n=308).Included cycles were stratified by the quality of transferred embryos and age.Results There were 252/455(55.4%)clinical pregnancies in the D3/D5 group and 133/308(43.2%)in the D3/D6 group(OR:1.63,95%CI1.22 to 2.18).Rates for ectopic pregnancy,early miscarriage and multiple pregnancies did not differ between the two groups.In women under 35 years,with transfers of two good-quality embryos,the clinical pregnancy rate was significantly higher in the D3/D5 group compared with the D3/D6 group(65.6%vs 42.4%,OR:2.59,95%CI1.41 to 4.76).This trend persisted when analysing good-quality cleavage-stage embryo and poor-quality blastocyst(D3/D5)transfers versus two good-quality embryo(D3/D6)transfers(61.2%vs 42.4%,OR:2.14.95%CI1.11 to 4.12).For women aged 35 years or older,pregnancy outcomes did not differ.Conclusion The clinical pregnancy rate was significantly higher in the D3/D5group compared with the D3/D6 group.When contrasting the outcomes of transferring a good-quality cleavage-stage embryo and a poor-quality blastocyst in the D3/D5 group with transferring two good-quality embryos in the D3/D6 group,the clinical pregnancy rate was significantly higher in the D3/D5 group.However,among women aged 35 years or older,there were no significant differences in pregnancy outcomes.展开更多
Proper reprogramming of parental DNA methylomes is essential for mammalian embryonic development. However, it is unknown whether abnormal methylome reprogramming occurs and is associated with the failure of embryonic ...Proper reprogramming of parental DNA methylomes is essential for mammalian embryonic development. However, it is unknown whether abnormal methylome reprogramming occurs and is associated with the failure of embryonic development. Here we analyzed the DNA methylomes of 57 blastocysts and 29 trophectoderm samples with different morphological grades during assisted reproductive technology （ART） practices. Our data reveal that the global methylation levels of high-quality blastocysts are similar （0.30 ± 0.02, mean ± SD）, while the methylation levels of low-quality blastocysts are divergent and away from those of high-quality blastocysts. The proportion of blastocysts with a methylation level falling within the range of 0.30± 0.02 in different grades correlates with the live birth rate for that grade. Moreover, abnormal methylated regions are associated with the failure of embryonic development. Furthermore, we can use the methylation data of cells biopsied from trophectoderm to predict the blastocyst methylation level as well as to detect the aneuploidy of the blastocysts. Our data indicate that global abnormal methylome reprogramming often occurs in human embryos, and suggest that DNA methylome is a potential biomarker in blastocyst selection in ART.展开更多
Nonobstructive azoospermia(NOA)is a severe condition in infertile men,and increasing numbers of causative genes have been identified during the last few decades.Although certain causative genes can explain the presenc...Nonobstructive azoospermia(NOA)is a severe condition in infertile men,and increasing numbers of causative genes have been identified during the last few decades.Although certain causative genes can explain the presence of NOA in some patients,a proportion of NOA patients remain to be addressed.This study aimed to investigate potential high-risk genes associated with spermatogenesis in idiopathic NOA patients by whole-exome sequencing.Whole-exome sequencing was performed in 46 male patients diagnosed with NOA.First,screening was performed for 119 genes known to be related to male infertility.Next,further screening was performed to determine potential high-risk causative genes for NOA by comparisons with 68 healthy male controls.Finally,risk genes with high/specific expression in the testes were selected and their expression fluctuations during spermatogenesis were graphed.The frequency of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator(CFTR)gene pathogenic variant carriers was higher in the NOA patients compared with the healthy controls.Potential risk genes that may be causes of NOA were identified,including seven genes that were highly/specifically expressed in the testes.Four risk genes previously reported to be involved in spermatogenesis(MutS homolog 5[MSH5],cilia-and flagella-associated protein 54[CFAP54],MAP7 domain containing 3[MAP7D3],and coiled-coil domain containing 33[CCDC33])and three novel risk genes(coiled-coil domain containing 168[CCDC168],chromosome 16 open reading frame 96[C16orf96],and serine protease 48[PRSS48])were identified to be highly or specifically expressed in the testes and significantly different in the 46 NOA patients compared with 68 healthy controls.This study on clinical NOA patients provides further evidence for the four previously reported risk genes.The present findings pave the way for further functional investigations and provide candidate risk genes for genetic diagnosis of NOA.展开更多
Introduction To date,conventional morphological indicators of embryos are still used as the primary rating parameters or criteria.However,standardized and easy-to-use morphological evaluation criteria for human cleava...Introduction To date,conventional morphological indicators of embryos are still used as the primary rating parameters or criteria.However,standardized and easy-to-use morphological evaluation criteria for human cleavagestage embryos and blastocysts remain lacking.According to the Istanbul Consensus,[1]morphological scoring systems for cleavage-stage embryos,trophectoderm(TE)cells,and inner cell mass(ICM)include three ratings,namely good,fair,and poor.展开更多
Testosterone(T)plays a crucial role in spermatogenesis because extremely low levels of intratesticular T lead to correspondingly low serum levels of total T(tT),severe disorders of spermatogenesis,and male sterility.H...Testosterone(T)plays a crucial role in spermatogenesis because extremely low levels of intratesticular T lead to correspondingly low serum levels of total T(tT),severe disorders of spermatogenesis,and male sterility.However,there is little consensus on the lower limits of serum tT in proven fertile men undergoing assisted reproductive technology treatments in Chinese or other Asian populations.We aimed to establish the reference range of serum tT based on a population of 868 fertile Chinese men undergoing in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection and embryo transfer(IVF/ICSI-ET)treatments.We defined a fertile man as having had a live baby with his partner as recorded in our IVF registration system.The lower limits of serum tT were established using a Siemens IMMULITE 2000 chemiluminescent system.The 1st,2.5th,and 5th percentiles and their 95%confidence intervals(CIs)were 3.6(95%CI:2.7–4.1)nmol l−1,4.3(95%CI:4.1–5.0)nmol l−1,and 5.6(95%CI:4.8–5.8)nmol l−1,respectively.Using the linear correlation of serum tT between the Siemens platform and a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry platform,the calculated lower limits of serum tT were also established for fertile Chinese men undergoing IVF/ICSI-ET treatments,which will benefit the clinical diagnosis and treatment of male infertility during such procedures.展开更多
The worldwide infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)impacts human health and life on multiple levels.People infected with SARS-CoV-2 suffer from physical disorders and psychological d...The worldwide infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)impacts human health and life on multiple levels.People infected with SARS-CoV-2 suffer from physical disorders and psychological distress.At present,no direct evidence indicates that SARS-CoV-2 negatively influences human reproduction,and the possibility that gametes and embryos are affected requires further investigation.To evaluate the potential effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on human reproduction and fetal health,this review summarizes the basic and clinical research of SARS-CoV-2 on reproduction up to date,hoping to offer guidance and advice to people at reproductive age and provide dues for the prevention and treatment of associated diseases.展开更多
Background: Vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become the primary approach in the fight against the spread of COVID-19. Studies have shown that vaccination against COVID-19 has adverse effects...Background: Vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become the primary approach in the fight against the spread of COVID-19. Studies have shown that vaccination against COVID-19 has adverse effects, particularly on human reproductive health, despite the fact that vaccination rates are still on the rise. However, few studies have reported whether vaccination affects the outcome of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) or not. In this study, we compared the outcome of IVF-ET and the development of follicles and embryos between vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. Methods: A single-center retrospective cohort study of 10,541 in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles was conducted from June 2020 to August 2021. 835 IVF cycles with a history of vaccination against COVID-19 and 1670 IVF cycles that served as negative controls were selected and analyzed utilizing the Matchlt package of R software (http://www.R-project.org/) and the nearest neighbor matching algorithm for propensity-matched analysis at a 1:2 ratio. Results: The number of oocytes collected in the vaccinated group and the unvaccinated group were 8.00 (0, 40.00) and 9.00 (0, 77.00) ( P = 0.073) and the good-quality embryo rates of the two groups were 0.56±0.32 and 0.56±0.31 averagely ( P = 0.964). Clinical pregnancy rates for the vaccinated group and unvaccinated group were 42.4% (155/366) and 40.2% (328/816) ( P = 0.486) and biochemical pregnancy rates were 7.1% (26/366) and 8.7% (71/816) ( P = 0.355). Two other factors were analyzed in this study;vaccination among different genders and different types (inactivated vaccine or recombinant adenovirus vaccine) showed no statistically significant effect on the above outcomes. Conclusions: In our findings, vaccination against COVID-19 showed no statistically significant effect on the outcomes of IVF-ET and the development of follicles and embryos, nor did the gender of the vaccinated person or the formulation of vaccines show significant effects.展开更多
In perinatal medicine,intrauterine growth restriction(IUGR)is one of the greatest challenges.The etiology of IUGR is multifactorial,but most cases are thought to arise from placental insufficiency.However,identifying ...In perinatal medicine,intrauterine growth restriction(IUGR)is one of the greatest challenges.The etiology of IUGR is multifactorial,but most cases are thought to arise from placental insufficiency.However,identifying the placental cause of IUGR can be difficult due to numerous confounding factors.Selective IUGR(sIUGR)would be a good model to investigate how impaired placentation affects fetal development,as the growth discordance between monochorionic twins cannot be explained by confounding genetic or maternal factors.Herein,we constructed and analyzed the placental proteomic profiles of IUGR twins and normal cotwins.Specifically,we identified a total of 5481 proteins,of which 233 were differentially expressed(57 up-regulated and 176 down-regulated)in IUGR twins.Bioinformatics analysis indicates that these differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)are mainly associated with cardiovascular system development and function,organismal survival,and organismal development.Notably,34 DEPs are significantly enriched in angiogenesis,and diminished placental angiogenesis in IUGR twins has been further elaborately confirmed.Moreover,we found decreased expression of metadherin(MTDH)in the placentas of IUGR twins and demonstrated that MTDH contributes to placental angiogenesis and fetal growth in vitro.Collectively,our findings reveal the comprehensive proteomic signatures of placentas for sIUGR twins,and the DEPs identified may provide in-depth insights into the pathogenesis of placental dysfunction and subsequent impaired fetal growth.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the clinical outcomes of assisted reproductive technology(ART)on fertility preservation and infertility treatment in breast cancer patients who had undergone different cancer therapies.Methods 20...Objective To evaluate the clinical outcomes of assisted reproductive technology(ART)on fertility preservation and infertility treatment in breast cancer patients who had undergone different cancer therapies.Methods 20 infertile females who had undergone breast cancer treatments during 2011–2018 were studied retrospectively.The patients were divided into two groups based on their cancer treatment methods and their needs of fertility preservation:the combined treatment group,who had both breast cancer surgery combining with any of the three treatments(adjuvant endocrine therapy,radiotherapy or chemotherapy),and the surgery only group.A group of infertile females without breast cancer history were used as a control group.An aromatase inhibitor Letrozole-based ovarian micro-stimulation protocol was used in females from the three groups for in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer.The ART clinical outcomes were evaluated by using the parameters of antral follicle count(AFC),the ratio of FSH/LH,oocyte retrieval number,2 pronucleus(2 PN)fertilization rate,high-quality embryo rate,clinical pregnancy rate,and delivery outcome.Results The surgery only group had significantly lower ratio of FSH/LH than the combined treatment group and the control group.No significant difference on the ART clinical outcomes,evaluated by the aforementioned criteria,were found between the three groups.Conclusions Breast cancer surgery with adjuvant therapies,but not surgery alone,may damage ovarian function.The best time-limited window to preserve fertility for breast cancer patients is after surgery but before the initiation of adjuvant therapies.Importantly,the clinical outcomes of aromatase inhibitor-based ovary micro-stimulation in breast cancer patients are similar to that in non-breast cancer controls.展开更多
Ovarian reserve is the quantity of primordial follicles present in the ovarian cortex that have the potential to mature into healthy oocytes.A high ovarian reserve typically results in a high chance of a successful pr...Ovarian reserve is the quantity of primordial follicles present in the ovarian cortex that have the potential to mature into healthy oocytes.A high ovarian reserve typically results in a high chance of a successful pregnancy for couples.Fertility declines as women age because of changes in the ovarian reserve,and this decline is called ovarian aging.Diminished ovarian reserve(DOR)can impact fertility regardless of chronological age and can lead to embryonic aneuploidy,fertilization failure,and high pregnancy loss rates.Therefore,it is important to consider ovarian reserve when evaluating the potential effect of aging on fertility,rather than relying solely on chronological age.Many women are unaware of the heterogeneity in ovarian reserve and ovarian aging.Whereas irregular cycles and menopause are easily identifiable,these signs often indicate extremely low fertility,leaving limited available interventions.展开更多
Reproductive health encompasses the entire spectrum of reproductive processes and functions throughout a person’s life,playing a vital role in the harmonious development of populations,economies,and societies.This cr...Reproductive health encompasses the entire spectrum of reproductive processes and functions throughout a person’s life,playing a vital role in the harmonious development of populations,economies,and societies.This critical aspect has garnered increasing global attention.Ensuring sexual and reproductive health stands as a fundamental step toward achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal(SDG)by 2030[1].Despite extensive efforts,both China and the world at large confront a multitude of reproductive challenges.These challenges encompass declining fertility rates[2,3],high prevalence of birth defects,and the presence of various reproductive diseases that threaten fetal development.These issues contribute to emotional distress,relationship problems,social stigmatization,and an increased risk of adult-onset diseases,imposing a significant burden on individuals and society[2].In the realm of human reproductive health research,epidemiological approaches have played a pivotal role.展开更多
Background:Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome(OHSS)occurs in women receiving fertility treatments.Moderate and severe OHSS cases are required to be admitted to hospital for treatment.The incidence of moderate and sever...Background:Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome(OHSS)occurs in women receiving fertility treatments.Moderate and severe OHSS cases are required to be admitted to hospital for treatment.The incidence of moderate and severe OHSS and the characteristics of these cases are unknown in China.We aimed to assess the incidence of moderate and severe OHSS in national databases from China between 2013 and 2017.Methods:We extracted moderate and severe OHSS cases from the Hospital Quality Monitoring System,the nationwide inpatient data collection system.We used ovum pick-up(OPUbaidu)cycle data from the annual report of China’s National Health Commission,developed on the basis of OPU data collected by National ART Management Information System.Overall incidence of moderate and severe OHSS(women aged 20 to 50 years)and year-specific incidence by each calendar year in China were calculated.We also investigated the age distribution in OHSS and OHSS with different comorbidities.Results:We extracted 18,022 eligible patients with moderate or severe OHSS and 1,581,703 OPU cycles.The overall incidence of moderate and severe OHSS between 2013 and 2017 was 1.14%.The year-specific moderate and severe OHSS incidence was 1.1%in 2013,1.4%in 2014,1.4%in 2015,1.1%in 2016,0.9%in 2017,respectively.Women aged 26 to 30 years accounted for 48.4%of OHSS cases,followed by women aged 31 to 35 years(30%)and 20 to 25 years(14.2%).The age distribution pattern was consistent across OHSS with different comorbidities.Conclusions:This study reported the incidence of moderate and severe OHSS in China using nationwide data for the first time.Our findings support that women aged under 35 years receiving assisted reproductive technology need more attention than other age groups in terms of OHSS risk control.展开更多
Summary What is already known about this topic?Reports detailing the clinical presentation of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)are extensive in China.However,data remains limited regarding the long-term effects of th...Summary What is already known about this topic?Reports detailing the clinical presentation of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)are extensive in China.However,data remains limited regarding the long-term effects of the 2022 outbreak on the community and healthcare workers(HCWs).What is added by this report?In the follow-up study conducted with 1,069 community members and 3,309 HCWs infected with COVID-19,we observed that five months postoutbreak,39.2%of community members and 28.7%of HCWs reported experiencing at least one symptom.The symptoms most frequently reported included fatigue or muscle weakness,insomnia,cognitive dysfunction,hair loss,joint or muscle pain,and persistent cough.HCWs tended to experience fewer long-term physical consequences and their symptoms had an expedited recovery time compared to the community members.Nevertheless,HCWs displayed a higher prevalence of moderate to severe depression and anxiety.展开更多
Gametogenesis plays an important role in the reproduction and evolution of species.The transcriptomic and epigenetic alterations in this process can influence the reproductive capacity,fertilization,and embryonic deve...Gametogenesis plays an important role in the reproduction and evolution of species.The transcriptomic and epigenetic alterations in this process can influence the reproductive capacity,fertilization,and embryonic development.The rapidly increasing single-cell studies have provided valuable multi-omics resources.However,data from different layers and sequencing platforms have not been uniformed and integrated,which greatly limits their use for exploring the molecular mechanisms that underlie oogenesis and spermatogenesis.Here,we develop GametesOmics,a comprehensive database that integrates the data of gene expression,DNA methylation,and chromatin accessibility during oogenesis and spermatogenesis in humans and mice.GametesOmics provides a user-friendly website and various tools,including Search and Advanced Search for querying the expression and epigenetic modification(s)of each gene;Tools with Differentially expressed gene(DEG)analysis for identifying DEGs,Correlation analysis for demonstrating the genetic and epigenetic changes,Visualization for displaying single-cell clusters and screening marker genes as well as master transcription factors(TFs),and MethylView for studying the genomic distribution of epigenetic modifications.GametesOmics also provides Genome Browser and Ortholog for tracking and comparing gene expression,DNA methylation,and chromatin accessibility between humans and mice.GametesOmics offers a comprehensive resource for biologists and clinicians to decipher the cell fate transition in germ cell development,and can be accessed at http://gametesomics.cn/.展开更多
To the Editor:Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS),characterized by oligo-anovulation,hyperandrogenism,and polycystic ovaries,is the most common endocrinopathy affecting 5-15%of women of reproductive age.[1,2]It can result...To the Editor:Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS),characterized by oligo-anovulation,hyperandrogenism,and polycystic ovaries,is the most common endocrinopathy affecting 5-15%of women of reproductive age.[1,2]It can result in a wide range of endocrine and metabolic disorders,including anovulatory infertility,insulin resistance,impaired glucose tolerance,diabetes,obesity,dyslipidemia,and cardiovascular disease,which can occur in different combinations and with different intensities.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2702900 and 2021YFC2701103)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82171654)。
文摘Objective The study aimed to investigate the impact of rare earth elements(REEs)exposure on pregnancy outcomes of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer(IVF-ET)by analyzing samples from spouses.Methods A total of 141 couples were included.Blood and follicular fluid from the wives and semen plasma from the husbands,were analyzed for REEs using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).Spearman's correlation coefficients and the Mann–Whitney U test were used to assess correlations and compare REE concentrations among three types of samples,respectively.Logistic models were utilized to estimate the individual REE effect on IVF-ET outcomes,while BKMR and WQS models explored the mixture of REE interaction effects on IVF-ET outcomes.Results Higher La concentration in semen(median 0.089 ng/mL,P=0.03)was associated with a lower fertilization rate.However,this effect was not observed after artificial selection intervention through intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI)(P=0.27).In semen,the REEs mixture did not exhibit any significant association with clinical pregnancy.Conclusion Our study revealed a potential association between high La exposure in semen and a decline in fertilization rate,but not clinical pregnancy rate.This is the first to report REEs concentrations in follicular fluid with La,Ce,Pr,and Nd found at significantly lower concentrations than in serum,suggesting that these four REEs may not accumulate in the female reproductive system.However,at the current exposure levels,mixed REEs exposure did not exhibit reproductive toxicity.
文摘Objective The study is to identify the carrier rate of common deafness mutation in Chinese pregnant women via detecting deafness gene mutations with gene chip. Methods The pregnant women in obstetric clinic without hearing impairment and hearing disorders family history were selected. The informed consent was signed. Peripheral blood was taken to extract genom- ic DNA. Application of genetic deafness gene chip for detecting 9 mutational hot spot of the most common 4 Chinese deafness genes, namely GJB2 （35delG, 176del16bp, 235delC, 299delAT）, GJB3 （C538T） ,SLC26A4 （ IVS72A〉G, A2168G） and mito- chondrial DNA 12S rRNA （A1555G, C1494T） . Further genetic testing were provided to the spouses and newborns of the screened carriers. Results Peripheral blood of 430 pregnant women were detected, detection of deafness gene mutation carri- ers in 24 cases（4.2%）, including 13 cases of the GJB2 heterozygous mutation, 3 cases of SLC26A4 heterozygous mutation, 1 cases of GJB3 heterozygous mutation, and 1 case of mitochondrial 12S rRNA mutation. 18 spouses and 17 newborns took further genetic tests, and 6 newborns inherited the mutation from their mother. Conclusion The common deafness genes muta- tion has a high carrier rate in pregnant women group, 235delC and IVS7-2A〉G heterozygous mutations are common.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[NSFCno.81741021]the National Key Research and Development Program of China[no.2016YFC1000501,2016YFC1000500]。
文摘Objective To determine if ARHGEF10 has a haploinsufficient effect and provide evidence to evaluate the severity,if any,during prenatal consultation.Methods Zebrafish was used as a model for generating mutant.The pattern of arhgef10 expression in the early stages of zebrafish development was observed using whole-mount in situ hybridization(WISH).CRISPR/Cas9 was applied to generate a zebrafish model with a single-copy or homozygous arhgef10 deletion.Activity and light/dark tests were performed in arhgef10^(−/−),arhgef10^(+/−),and wild-type zebrafish larvae.ARHGEF10 was knocked down using small interferon RNA(siRNA)in the SH-SY5Y cell line,and cell proliferation and apoptosis were determined using the CCK-8 assay and Annexin V/PI staining,respectively.Results WISH showed that during zebrafish embryonic development arhgef10 was expressed in the midbrain and hindbrain at 36-72 h post-fertilization(hpf)and in the hemopoietic system at 36-48 hpf.The zebrafish larvae with single-copy and homozygous arhgef10 deletions had lower exercise capacity and poorer responses to environmental changes compared to wild-type zebrafish larvae.Moreover,arhgef10^(−/−) zebrafish had more severe symptoms than arhgef10^(+/-) zebrafish.Knockdown of ARHGEF10 in human neuroblastoma cells led to decreased cell proliferation and increased cell apoptosis.Conclusion Based on our findings,ARHGEF10 appeared to have a haploinsufficiency effect.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant Nos.32170493,32170656]the National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital)[Grant No.BYSYSZKF2022005]the Clinical Medicine Plus X-Young Scholars Project,Peking University,the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (PKU2023LCXQ036)。
文摘Originating but free from chromosomal DNA,extrachromosomal circular DNAs(eccDNAs)are organized in circular form and have long been found in unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes.Their biogenesis and function are poorly understood as they are characterized by sequence homology with linear DNA,for which few detection methods are available.Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies have revealed that eccDNAs play crucial roles in tumor formation,evolution,and drug resistance as well as aging,genomic diversity,and other biological processes,bringing it back to the research hotspot.Several mechanisms of eccDNA formation have been proposed,including the breakage-fusion-bridge(BFB)and translocation-deletion-amplification models.Gynecologic tumors and disorders of embryonic and fetal development are major threats to human reproductive health.The roles of eccDNAs in these pathological processes have been partially elucidated since the first discovery of eccDNA in pig sperm and the double minutes in ovarian cancer ascites.The present review summarized the research history,biogenesis,and currently available detection and analytical methods for eccDNAs and clarified their functions in gynecologic tumors and reproduction.We also proposed the application of eccDNAs as drug targets and liquid biopsy markers for prenatal diagnosis and the early detection,prognosis,and treatment of gynecologic tumors.This review lays theoretical foundations for future investigations into the complex regulatory networks of eccDNAs in vital physiological and pathological processes.
基金supported by Capital's Funds for Health Improvement and Research(CFH2024-2-40910).
文摘Objective To investigate whether there are significant differences in pregnancy outcomes between frozen-thawed D3/D5 and D3/D6 sequential embryo transfer(SeET)in women with repeated implantation failure(RIF).Methods Women who experienced RIF and underwent frozen-thawed cycles with SeET were included and were divided into two groups:D3/D5(n=455)and D3/D6(n=308).Included cycles were stratified by the quality of transferred embryos and age.Results There were 252/455(55.4%)clinical pregnancies in the D3/D5 group and 133/308(43.2%)in the D3/D6 group(OR:1.63,95%CI1.22 to 2.18).Rates for ectopic pregnancy,early miscarriage and multiple pregnancies did not differ between the two groups.In women under 35 years,with transfers of two good-quality embryos,the clinical pregnancy rate was significantly higher in the D3/D5 group compared with the D3/D6 group(65.6%vs 42.4%,OR:2.59,95%CI1.41 to 4.76).This trend persisted when analysing good-quality cleavage-stage embryo and poor-quality blastocyst(D3/D5)transfers versus two good-quality embryo(D3/D6)transfers(61.2%vs 42.4%,OR:2.14.95%CI1.11 to 4.12).For women aged 35 years or older,pregnancy outcomes did not differ.Conclusion The clinical pregnancy rate was significantly higher in the D3/D5group compared with the D3/D6 group.When contrasting the outcomes of transferring a good-quality cleavage-stage embryo and a poor-quality blastocyst in the D3/D5 group with transferring two good-quality embryos in the D3/D6 group,the clinical pregnancy rate was significantly higher in the D3/D5 group.However,among women aged 35 years or older,there were no significant differences in pregnancy outcomes.
基金supported by grants from the CAS Strategic Priority Research Program (XDB13040000)the National Program on Key Basic Research Project (2014CB943203,2015CB856200,2011CB510101 and 2011CB944504)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.91219104,31425015,31200958,31371521,31230047 and 81370766)the Beijing Nova Program (xxjh2015011)the Zhujiang Science and Technology Star Project of Guangzhou(2012J2200006)
文摘Proper reprogramming of parental DNA methylomes is essential for mammalian embryonic development. However, it is unknown whether abnormal methylome reprogramming occurs and is associated with the failure of embryonic development. Here we analyzed the DNA methylomes of 57 blastocysts and 29 trophectoderm samples with different morphological grades during assisted reproductive technology （ART） practices. Our data reveal that the global methylation levels of high-quality blastocysts are similar （0.30 ± 0.02, mean ± SD）, while the methylation levels of low-quality blastocysts are divergent and away from those of high-quality blastocysts. The proportion of blastocysts with a methylation level falling within the range of 0.30± 0.02 in different grades correlates with the live birth rate for that grade. Moreover, abnormal methylated regions are associated with the failure of embryonic development. Furthermore, we can use the methylation data of cells biopsied from trophectoderm to predict the blastocyst methylation level as well as to detect the aneuploidy of the blastocysts. Our data indicate that global abnormal methylome reprogramming often occurs in human embryos, and suggest that DNA methylome is a potential biomarker in blastocyst selection in ART.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81971440)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No.7212129).
文摘Nonobstructive azoospermia(NOA)is a severe condition in infertile men,and increasing numbers of causative genes have been identified during the last few decades.Although certain causative genes can explain the presence of NOA in some patients,a proportion of NOA patients remain to be addressed.This study aimed to investigate potential high-risk genes associated with spermatogenesis in idiopathic NOA patients by whole-exome sequencing.Whole-exome sequencing was performed in 46 male patients diagnosed with NOA.First,screening was performed for 119 genes known to be related to male infertility.Next,further screening was performed to determine potential high-risk causative genes for NOA by comparisons with 68 healthy male controls.Finally,risk genes with high/specific expression in the testes were selected and their expression fluctuations during spermatogenesis were graphed.The frequency of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator(CFTR)gene pathogenic variant carriers was higher in the NOA patients compared with the healthy controls.Potential risk genes that may be causes of NOA were identified,including seven genes that were highly/specifically expressed in the testes.Four risk genes previously reported to be involved in spermatogenesis(MutS homolog 5[MSH5],cilia-and flagella-associated protein 54[CFAP54],MAP7 domain containing 3[MAP7D3],and coiled-coil domain containing 33[CCDC33])and three novel risk genes(coiled-coil domain containing 168[CCDC168],chromosome 16 open reading frame 96[C16orf96],and serine protease 48[PRSS48])were identified to be highly or specifically expressed in the testes and significantly different in the 46 NOA patients compared with 68 healthy controls.This study on clinical NOA patients provides further evidence for the four previously reported risk genes.The present findings pave the way for further functional investigations and provide candidate risk genes for genetic diagnosis of NOA.
文摘Introduction To date,conventional morphological indicators of embryos are still used as the primary rating parameters or criteria.However,standardized and easy-to-use morphological evaluation criteria for human cleavagestage embryos and blastocysts remain lacking.According to the Istanbul Consensus,[1]morphological scoring systems for cleavage-stage embryos,trophectoderm(TE)cells,and inner cell mass(ICM)include three ratings,namely good,fair,and poor.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFC1000201,No.2018YFC1002104,No.2018YFC1002106,and No.2016YFC1000302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81300373,and No.81771650)+2 种基金the Capital Health Research and Development of Special Projects(No.2018-1-4091)the Program for Innovative Research Team of Yunnan,China(No.2017HC009)the Major National R&D Projects of China(No.2017ZX09304012-012).
文摘Testosterone(T)plays a crucial role in spermatogenesis because extremely low levels of intratesticular T lead to correspondingly low serum levels of total T(tT),severe disorders of spermatogenesis,and male sterility.However,there is little consensus on the lower limits of serum tT in proven fertile men undergoing assisted reproductive technology treatments in Chinese or other Asian populations.We aimed to establish the reference range of serum tT based on a population of 868 fertile Chinese men undergoing in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection and embryo transfer(IVF/ICSI-ET)treatments.We defined a fertile man as having had a live baby with his partner as recorded in our IVF registration system.The lower limits of serum tT were established using a Siemens IMMULITE 2000 chemiluminescent system.The 1st,2.5th,and 5th percentiles and their 95%confidence intervals(CIs)were 3.6(95%CI:2.7–4.1)nmol l−1,4.3(95%CI:4.1–5.0)nmol l−1,and 5.6(95%CI:4.8–5.8)nmol l−1,respectively.Using the linear correlation of serum tT between the Siemens platform and a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry platform,the calculated lower limits of serum tT were also established for fertile Chinese men undergoing IVF/ICSI-ET treatments,which will benefit the clinical diagnosis and treatment of male infertility during such procedures.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program(2019YFA0801400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81730038).
文摘The worldwide infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)impacts human health and life on multiple levels.People infected with SARS-CoV-2 suffer from physical disorders and psychological distress.At present,no direct evidence indicates that SARS-CoV-2 negatively influences human reproduction,and the possibility that gametes and embryos are affected requires further investigation.To evaluate the potential effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on human reproduction and fetal health,this review summarizes the basic and clinical research of SARS-CoV-2 on reproduction up to date,hoping to offer guidance and advice to people at reproductive age and provide dues for the prevention and treatment of associated diseases.
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.81925013)the Incubation Foundation for Young Scientists of the Peking University Third Hospital(No.BYSYFY2021048).
文摘Background: Vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become the primary approach in the fight against the spread of COVID-19. Studies have shown that vaccination against COVID-19 has adverse effects, particularly on human reproductive health, despite the fact that vaccination rates are still on the rise. However, few studies have reported whether vaccination affects the outcome of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) or not. In this study, we compared the outcome of IVF-ET and the development of follicles and embryos between vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. Methods: A single-center retrospective cohort study of 10,541 in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles was conducted from June 2020 to August 2021. 835 IVF cycles with a history of vaccination against COVID-19 and 1670 IVF cycles that served as negative controls were selected and analyzed utilizing the Matchlt package of R software (http://www.R-project.org/) and the nearest neighbor matching algorithm for propensity-matched analysis at a 1:2 ratio. Results: The number of oocytes collected in the vaccinated group and the unvaccinated group were 8.00 (0, 40.00) and 9.00 (0, 77.00) ( P = 0.073) and the good-quality embryo rates of the two groups were 0.56±0.32 and 0.56±0.31 averagely ( P = 0.964). Clinical pregnancy rates for the vaccinated group and unvaccinated group were 42.4% (155/366) and 40.2% (328/816) ( P = 0.486) and biochemical pregnancy rates were 7.1% (26/366) and 8.7% (71/816) ( P = 0.355). Two other factors were analyzed in this study;vaccination among different genders and different types (inactivated vaccine or recombinant adenovirus vaccine) showed no statistically significant effect on the above outcomes. Conclusions: In our findings, vaccination against COVID-19 showed no statistically significant effect on the outcomes of IVF-ET and the development of follicles and embryos, nor did the gender of the vaccinated person or the formulation of vaccines show significant effects.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.81971399 and 82171661).
文摘In perinatal medicine,intrauterine growth restriction(IUGR)is one of the greatest challenges.The etiology of IUGR is multifactorial,but most cases are thought to arise from placental insufficiency.However,identifying the placental cause of IUGR can be difficult due to numerous confounding factors.Selective IUGR(sIUGR)would be a good model to investigate how impaired placentation affects fetal development,as the growth discordance between monochorionic twins cannot be explained by confounding genetic or maternal factors.Herein,we constructed and analyzed the placental proteomic profiles of IUGR twins and normal cotwins.Specifically,we identified a total of 5481 proteins,of which 233 were differentially expressed(57 up-regulated and 176 down-regulated)in IUGR twins.Bioinformatics analysis indicates that these differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)are mainly associated with cardiovascular system development and function,organismal survival,and organismal development.Notably,34 DEPs are significantly enriched in angiogenesis,and diminished placental angiogenesis in IUGR twins has been further elaborately confirmed.Moreover,we found decreased expression of metadherin(MTDH)in the placentas of IUGR twins and demonstrated that MTDH contributes to placental angiogenesis and fetal growth in vitro.Collectively,our findings reveal the comprehensive proteomic signatures of placentas for sIUGR twins,and the DEPs identified may provide in-depth insights into the pathogenesis of placental dysfunction and subsequent impaired fetal growth.
基金supported by grants from the China National Key R&D Program(no.2017YFC1002004,2018YFC1004001,2019YFA0801400)the National Science Foundation of China(no.81571386,81730038)+2 种基金the Research Units of Comprehensive Diagnosis and Treatment of Oocyte Maturation Arrest(2019-I2M-5-001)the Special Research Project of Chinese Capital Health Development(2018-2-4095)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2019-I2M-5-001)。
文摘Objective To evaluate the clinical outcomes of assisted reproductive technology(ART)on fertility preservation and infertility treatment in breast cancer patients who had undergone different cancer therapies.Methods 20 infertile females who had undergone breast cancer treatments during 2011–2018 were studied retrospectively.The patients were divided into two groups based on their cancer treatment methods and their needs of fertility preservation:the combined treatment group,who had both breast cancer surgery combining with any of the three treatments(adjuvant endocrine therapy,radiotherapy or chemotherapy),and the surgery only group.A group of infertile females without breast cancer history were used as a control group.An aromatase inhibitor Letrozole-based ovarian micro-stimulation protocol was used in females from the three groups for in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer.The ART clinical outcomes were evaluated by using the parameters of antral follicle count(AFC),the ratio of FSH/LH,oocyte retrieval number,2 pronucleus(2 PN)fertilization rate,high-quality embryo rate,clinical pregnancy rate,and delivery outcome.Results The surgery only group had significantly lower ratio of FSH/LH than the combined treatment group and the control group.No significant difference on the ART clinical outcomes,evaluated by the aforementioned criteria,were found between the three groups.Conclusions Breast cancer surgery with adjuvant therapies,but not surgery alone,may damage ovarian function.The best time-limited window to preserve fertility for breast cancer patients is after surgery but before the initiation of adjuvant therapies.Importantly,the clinical outcomes of aromatase inhibitor-based ovary micro-stimulation in breast cancer patients are similar to that in non-breast cancer controls.
基金We thank Margaret Biswas,PhD,from Liwen Bianji(Edanz)(www.liwenbianji.cn/)for editing the English text of a draft of this manuscript.
文摘Ovarian reserve is the quantity of primordial follicles present in the ovarian cortex that have the potential to mature into healthy oocytes.A high ovarian reserve typically results in a high chance of a successful pregnancy for couples.Fertility declines as women age because of changes in the ovarian reserve,and this decline is called ovarian aging.Diminished ovarian reserve(DOR)can impact fertility regardless of chronological age and can lead to embryonic aneuploidy,fertilization failure,and high pregnancy loss rates.Therefore,it is important to consider ovarian reserve when evaluating the potential effect of aging on fertility,rather than relying solely on chronological age.Many women are unaware of the heterogeneity in ovarian reserve and ovarian aging.Whereas irregular cycles and menopause are easily identifiable,these signs often indicate extremely low fertility,leaving limited available interventions.
文摘Reproductive health encompasses the entire spectrum of reproductive processes and functions throughout a person’s life,playing a vital role in the harmonious development of populations,economies,and societies.This critical aspect has garnered increasing global attention.Ensuring sexual and reproductive health stands as a fundamental step toward achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal(SDG)by 2030[1].Despite extensive efforts,both China and the world at large confront a multitude of reproductive challenges.These challenges encompass declining fertility rates[2,3],high prevalence of birth defects,and the presence of various reproductive diseases that threaten fetal development.These issues contribute to emotional distress,relationship problems,social stigmatization,and an increased risk of adult-onset diseases,imposing a significant burden on individuals and society[2].In the realm of human reproductive health research,epidemiological approaches have played a pivotal role.
文摘Background:Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome(OHSS)occurs in women receiving fertility treatments.Moderate and severe OHSS cases are required to be admitted to hospital for treatment.The incidence of moderate and severe OHSS and the characteristics of these cases are unknown in China.We aimed to assess the incidence of moderate and severe OHSS in national databases from China between 2013 and 2017.Methods:We extracted moderate and severe OHSS cases from the Hospital Quality Monitoring System,the nationwide inpatient data collection system.We used ovum pick-up(OPUbaidu)cycle data from the annual report of China’s National Health Commission,developed on the basis of OPU data collected by National ART Management Information System.Overall incidence of moderate and severe OHSS(women aged 20 to 50 years)and year-specific incidence by each calendar year in China were calculated.We also investigated the age distribution in OHSS and OHSS with different comorbidities.Results:We extracted 18,022 eligible patients with moderate or severe OHSS and 1,581,703 OPU cycles.The overall incidence of moderate and severe OHSS between 2013 and 2017 was 1.14%.The year-specific moderate and severe OHSS incidence was 1.1%in 2013,1.4%in 2014,1.4%in 2015,1.1%in 2016,0.9%in 2017,respectively.Women aged 26 to 30 years accounted for 48.4%of OHSS cases,followed by women aged 31 to 35 years(30%)and 20 to 25 years(14.2%).The age distribution pattern was consistent across OHSS with different comorbidities.Conclusions:This study reported the incidence of moderate and severe OHSS in China using nationwide data for the first time.Our findings support that women aged under 35 years receiving assisted reproductive technology need more attention than other age groups in terms of OHSS risk control.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(82288102)Chinese Academy of Engineering(2022-XBZD-16).
文摘Summary What is already known about this topic?Reports detailing the clinical presentation of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)are extensive in China.However,data remains limited regarding the long-term effects of the 2022 outbreak on the community and healthcare workers(HCWs).What is added by this report?In the follow-up study conducted with 1,069 community members and 3,309 HCWs infected with COVID-19,we observed that five months postoutbreak,39.2%of community members and 28.7%of HCWs reported experiencing at least one symptom.The symptoms most frequently reported included fatigue or muscle weakness,insomnia,cognitive dysfunction,hair loss,joint or muscle pain,and persistent cough.HCWs tended to experience fewer long-term physical consequences and their symptoms had an expedited recovery time compared to the community members.Nevertheless,HCWs displayed a higher prevalence of moderate to severe depression and anxiety.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82125013 and 82101741)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2019YFA0801400)+1 种基金the Beijing Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant No.7232203)The authors thank Professor Fan Guo for providing detailed information about their previous study and Doctors Tong Chen and Pu Xue(EHBIO Gene Technology)for their technical assistance.
文摘Gametogenesis plays an important role in the reproduction and evolution of species.The transcriptomic and epigenetic alterations in this process can influence the reproductive capacity,fertilization,and embryonic development.The rapidly increasing single-cell studies have provided valuable multi-omics resources.However,data from different layers and sequencing platforms have not been uniformed and integrated,which greatly limits their use for exploring the molecular mechanisms that underlie oogenesis and spermatogenesis.Here,we develop GametesOmics,a comprehensive database that integrates the data of gene expression,DNA methylation,and chromatin accessibility during oogenesis and spermatogenesis in humans and mice.GametesOmics provides a user-friendly website and various tools,including Search and Advanced Search for querying the expression and epigenetic modification(s)of each gene;Tools with Differentially expressed gene(DEG)analysis for identifying DEGs,Correlation analysis for demonstrating the genetic and epigenetic changes,Visualization for displaying single-cell clusters and screening marker genes as well as master transcription factors(TFs),and MethylView for studying the genomic distribution of epigenetic modifications.GametesOmics also provides Genome Browser and Ortholog for tracking and comparing gene expression,DNA methylation,and chromatin accessibility between humans and mice.GametesOmics offers a comprehensive resource for biologists and clinicians to decipher the cell fate transition in germ cell development,and can be accessed at http://gametesomics.cn/.
文摘To the Editor:Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS),characterized by oligo-anovulation,hyperandrogenism,and polycystic ovaries,is the most common endocrinopathy affecting 5-15%of women of reproductive age.[1,2]It can result in a wide range of endocrine and metabolic disorders,including anovulatory infertility,insulin resistance,impaired glucose tolerance,diabetes,obesity,dyslipidemia,and cardiovascular disease,which can occur in different combinations and with different intensities.
