The potential effects of nanoscale CuO(nCuO),nanoscale ZnO(nZnO) and their mixtures on Daphnia magna were investigated,including 48-h acute toxicity and 21-d chronic toxicity tests as well as a feeding experiment.The ...The potential effects of nanoscale CuO(nCuO),nanoscale ZnO(nZnO) and their mixtures on Daphnia magna were investigated,including 48-h acute toxicity and 21-d chronic toxicity tests as well as a feeding experiment.The results of acute toxicity show that nCuO/nZnO mixture was the most toxic followed by nCuO and nZnO.The nanoparticles(NPs) inhibited both the growth and reproduction of Daphnia magna during the testing period.Concentration dependence was apparent in all the cases and the intrinsic rate of natural increase was confirmed to be a very sensitive parameter to NPs exposure.Binary mixture appeared to be more toxic than the corresponding individual exposures at most cases except for the feeding behavior.展开更多
In order to study toxicological effects of perfluorononanoic acid(PFNA), perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS), and their mixtures(PFNA/PFOS) on Daphnia magna(D. magna), a suite of comprehensive toxicity tests were conducte...In order to study toxicological effects of perfluorononanoic acid(PFNA), perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS), and their mixtures(PFNA/PFOS) on Daphnia magna(D. magna), a suite of comprehensive toxicity tests were conducted, including a 48-h acute toxicity test, a 21-day chronic test, a feeding experiment, and a biomarker assay. D. magna were exposed to aqueous solutions of PFNA and PFOS(alone and in combination) at concentrations ranging from 0.008 to 5 mg/L. The survival, growth, and reproduction of D. magna were monitored over a 21-day life cycle. The biomarkers, including acetylcholinesterase(ACh E), superoxide dismutase(SOD), and catalase(CAT) activities, were determined after seven days of exposure. PFOS was more toxic than PFNA based on the results of the acute toxicity test. Perfluorinated compounds(PFCs) inhibited both growth and reproduction of D. magna during the testing period. The ingestion rates and the biomarkers,including ACh E, SOD, and CAT activities, were significantly inhibited by PFCs in most cases. Moreover, the combined effects related to the growth and reproduction showed the antagonistic effects of PFCs.展开更多
Objective To assess the single and combined effects of estrone (E1) and 17β-estradiol (E2) on goldfish (Carassius auratus). Methods Batch tests were conducted. Serum levels of vitellogenin (VTG) and E2, gonadosomatic...Objective To assess the single and combined effects of estrone (E1) and 17β-estradiol (E2) on goldfish (Carassius auratus). Methods Batch tests were conducted. Serum levels of vitellogenin (VTG) and E2, gonadosomatic indices (GSI), gonadal DNA damage and liver 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity were measured after exposure for 14 days. Results The VTG level increased significantly in a concentration-dependent manner. The serum E2 level was significantly higher and the GSI level was significantly lower in goldfish after exposed to the 3 drugs. DNA damage occurred in treated samples and EROD activity was significantly suppressed 7 days after exposure. The joint effect of E1 and E2 was additive with regard to VTG induction. Conclusion The results of our study highlight a series of effects of steroidal estrogens on goldfish. Further study is needed to confirm their effect as a whole.展开更多
Biotransformation and detoxification responses to the exposure to five polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were investigated in crucian(Carassius auratus). Juvenile crucian were treated with a single intraperitoneal inje...Biotransformation and detoxification responses to the exposure to five polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were investigated in crucian(Carassius auratus). Juvenile crucian were treated with a single intraperitoneal injection of each compound at dosages of 0.1, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0 and 8.0(or 10.0) mg/kg and sacrificed 15 d later to determine 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase(EROD) and glutathione S-transferases(GST) activities in gill S9 fractions. EROD activity is significantly increased by benzo(b)fluoranthene and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene at all the doses. High dosages of PAHs induced GST activity and the inducing ability of them increased in the following order: fluorene< fluoranthene<indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene<benzo(g,h,i)perylene<benzo(b)fluoranthene. In all the cases, dose dependence appeared to exist. The gill EROD and GST in Carassius auratus are useful biomarkers to estimate sub-acute toxicity of both polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) and PAHs-like compounds.展开更多
Objective To study the biological effects of nanoscale copper oxide(nCuO),zinc oxide(nZnO),cerium dioxide(nCeO2) and theirmixtures on Carassius auratus.Methods Juvenile fish(Carassius auratus) were exposed to aqueous ...Objective To study the biological effects of nanoscale copper oxide(nCuO),zinc oxide(nZnO),cerium dioxide(nCeO2) and theirmixtures on Carassius auratus.Methods Juvenile fish(Carassius auratus) were exposed to aqueous suspensions of nCuO,nZnO,and nCeO2(alone and in mixtures) at concentrations of 20,40,80,160,and 320 mg/L.The biomarkers-acetylcholinesterase(AChE) in brain,sodium/potassium-activated ATPase(Na+/K+-ATPase) in gill,and superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT) in liver-were determined after 4 days of exposure.Integrated biomarker response(IBR) was calculated by combining multiple biomarkers into a single value.Results AChE and SOD activities were significantly inhibited by all test metal oxide nanoparticles(NPs) at high concentrations(≥160 mg/L) with the exception of nCeO2.Na+/K+-ATPase induction exhibited bell-shaped concentration-response curves.CAT activity was significantly inhibited at concentrations equal to or higher than 160 mg/L.The order of IBR values was nCeO2 ≈ nZnO/nCeO2 ≈ nCuO/nCeO2 < nCuO/nZnO/nCeO2 < nZnO < nCuO < nCuO/nZnO.The joint effect seemed to be synergistic for nCuO/nZnO mixtures,additive for the ternary mixture and less than additive or antagonistic for the binarymixtures containing nCeO2.Conclusion Concentration-dependent changes of enzymatic activities(AChE,Na+/K+-ATPase,SOD,and CAT) were observed in fish exposed to nanoscale metal oxides.IBR analysis allowed good discrimination between the different exposures and might be a useful tool for the quantification of integrated negative effects induced by NPs toward fish.展开更多
River hydrogeochemistry offers necessary guidance for effective water environmental management.However,the influence of cascade reservoirs on river hydrogeochemistry remains unknown.In this study,the Jinsha River,the ...River hydrogeochemistry offers necessary guidance for effective water environmental management.However,the influence of cascade reservoirs on river hydrogeochemistry remains unknown.In this study,the Jinsha River,the headwaters of the Yangtze River of China,was selected to investigate the spatiotemporal variations of hydrogeochemistry after the construction of six cascade reservoirs.Major ions,total dissolved solids,electrical conductivity,and pH values of sampled water in the upper natural reaches and lower reservoir-regulated reaches were analyzed in both flood and dry seasons.The results of Piper diagram and Gibbs plots showed that the hydrogeochemistry of the Jinsha River was naturally controlled by both evaporation-crystallization and carbonate weathering processes,but it was also artificially affected by reservoirs.The impoundment of cascade reservoirs affected the hydrodynamic condition of the river.The river flow in the flood season was reduced by approximately 24.5%,altering the proportions of water sources and leading to notable hydrogeochemical alterations in reservoir-regulated reaches.Conversely,river hydrogeochemistry generally remained unchanged in the dry season,owing to the insignificant effect of cascade reservoirs on river flow.In contrast to what has been observed in previous studies of individual reservoirs,the cumulative influence of cascade reservoirs on the Jinsha River flow regime did not cause abrupt hydrogeochemical changes between the upstream and downstream areas of each reservoir.Moreover,the water quality assessments revealed that the impoundment of cascade reservoirs improved downstream irrigational water quality,with lower Naþratio values in the flood season.This study provides the earliest evaluation of cascade reservoir influence on the hydrogeochemistry of the Jinsha River.The findings of this study can be used as a reference for scientific guidelines for future environmental management of cascade reservoirs in large rivers.展开更多
Numerous studies have evaluated the toxicity and endocrine disrupting properties of organic UV filters for aquatic organisms,but little is known about their biodegradation in river sediments and their impact on microo...Numerous studies have evaluated the toxicity and endocrine disrupting properties of organic UV filters for aquatic organisms,but little is known about their biodegradation in river sediments and their impact on microorganisms.We have set up the sterile and microbiological systems in the laboratory,adding 2-ethylhexyl-4-methoxycinnamate(EHMC),one of organic UV filters included in the list of high yield chemicals,at concentrations of 2,20 and 200μg/L,and characterized the microbial community composition and diversity in sediments.Monitoring of EHMC degradation within 30 days revealed that the half-life in the microbial system(3.49 days)was much shorter than that in the sterile system(7.55 days).Two potential degradation products,4-mercaptobenzoic acid and 3-methoxyphenol were identified in the microbial system.Furthermore,high-throughput 16s and 18s rRNA gene sequencing showed that Proteobacteria dominated the sediment bacterial assemblages followed by Chloroflexi,Acidobacteria,Bacteroidetes and Nitrospirae;Eukaryota_uncultured fungus dominated the sediment fungal assemblages.Correlation analysis demonstrated that two bacterium genera(Anaerolineaceae_uncultured and Burkholderiaceae_uncultured)were significantly correlated with the biodegradation of EHMC.These results illustrate the biodegradability of EHMC in river sediments and its potential impact on microbial communities,which can provide useful information for eliminating the pollution of organic UV filters in natural river systems and assessing their potential ecological risks.展开更多
The adsorption and desorption behavior of Cr(Ⅵ) in membrane capacitive deionization(MCDI) was investigated systematically in the presence of bovine serum albumin(BSA) and KCl with different concentrations, respective...The adsorption and desorption behavior of Cr(Ⅵ) in membrane capacitive deionization(MCDI) was investigated systematically in the presence of bovine serum albumin(BSA) and KCl with different concentrations, respectively. Results revealed that Cr(Ⅵ) absorption was enhanced and the adsorption amount for Cr(Ⅵ) increased from 155.7 to 190.8 mg/g when KCl concentration increased from 100 to 200 mg/L in the adsorption process, which was attributed to the stronger driving force. However, the adsorption amount sharply decreased to 90.2 mg/g when KCl concentration reached up to 1000 mg/L suggesting the negative effect for Cr(Ⅵ) removal that high KCl concentration had. As for the effect of BSA on ion adsorption, the amount for Cr(Ⅵ) significantly declined to 78.3 mg/g and p H was found to be an important factor contributing to this significant reduction. Then, the desorption performance was also conducted and it was obtained that the presence of KCl had negligible effect on Cr(Ⅵ) desorption, while promoted by the addition of BSA. The incomplete desorption was obtained and the residual chromium ions onto the electrode after desorption was detected via energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS). Based on above analysis, the enhanced removal mechanism for Cr(Ⅵ) in MCDI was found to be consisted of ion adsorption onto electrode surface, the redox reaction of Cr(Ⅵ) into Cr(III)and precipitation, which was demonstrated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and scanning electron microscope(SEM).展开更多
Aquatic ecosystems are often polluted with more than one type of contaminant, and information on the combined toxic effects of mixed pollutants on aquatic organisms is scarce at present. Acute toxicity of aromatic com...Aquatic ecosystems are often polluted with more than one type of contaminant, and information on the combined toxic effects of mixed pollutants on aquatic organisms is scarce at present. Acute toxicity of aromatic compounds and their ternary mixtures to the alga (Scenedesmus obliquus) was determined by the algae growth inhibition test. The median effective concentration (EC50) value for a single aromatic compound and EC50mix values for mixtures were obtained. the logarithm of n-octanol/water partition coefficient (logPmix) and the frontier orbital energy gap (ΔEmix) for mixtures were calculated. Based on the quantitative structure-activity relationship model for single chemical toxicity log(1/EC50) =0.426logP -1.150ΔE +12.61 (n=15, R2=0.917 and Q2=0.878), the following two-descriptor model was developed for the ternary mixture toxicity of aromatic compounds: log(1/EC50mix)=0.682logPmix-0.367ΔEmix+ 4.971 (n=44, R2=0.869 and Q2=0.843). This model can be used to predict the combined toxicity of mixtures containing toxicants with different mechanisms of action.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2010CB429006)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.2010B05714)
文摘The potential effects of nanoscale CuO(nCuO),nanoscale ZnO(nZnO) and their mixtures on Daphnia magna were investigated,including 48-h acute toxicity and 21-d chronic toxicity tests as well as a feeding experiment.The results of acute toxicity show that nCuO/nZnO mixture was the most toxic followed by nCuO and nZnO.The nanoparticles(NPs) inhibited both the growth and reproduction of Daphnia magna during the testing period.Concentration dependence was apparent in all the cases and the intrinsic rate of natural increase was confirmed to be a very sensitive parameter to NPs exposure.Binary mixture appeared to be more toxic than the corresponding individual exposures at most cases except for the feeding behavior.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51279061)the Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province
文摘In order to study toxicological effects of perfluorononanoic acid(PFNA), perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS), and their mixtures(PFNA/PFOS) on Daphnia magna(D. magna), a suite of comprehensive toxicity tests were conducted, including a 48-h acute toxicity test, a 21-day chronic test, a feeding experiment, and a biomarker assay. D. magna were exposed to aqueous solutions of PFNA and PFOS(alone and in combination) at concentrations ranging from 0.008 to 5 mg/L. The survival, growth, and reproduction of D. magna were monitored over a 21-day life cycle. The biomarkers, including acetylcholinesterase(ACh E), superoxide dismutase(SOD), and catalase(CAT) activities, were determined after seven days of exposure. PFOS was more toxic than PFNA based on the results of the acute toxicity test. Perfluorinated compounds(PFCs) inhibited both growth and reproduction of D. magna during the testing period. The ingestion rates and the biomarkers,including ACh E, SOD, and CAT activities, were significantly inhibited by PFCs in most cases. Moreover, the combined effects related to the growth and reproduction showed the antagonistic effects of PFCs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51079049)Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province
文摘Objective To assess the single and combined effects of estrone (E1) and 17β-estradiol (E2) on goldfish (Carassius auratus). Methods Batch tests were conducted. Serum levels of vitellogenin (VTG) and E2, gonadosomatic indices (GSI), gonadal DNA damage and liver 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity were measured after exposure for 14 days. Results The VTG level increased significantly in a concentration-dependent manner. The serum E2 level was significantly higher and the GSI level was significantly lower in goldfish after exposed to the 3 drugs. DNA damage occurred in treated samples and EROD activity was significantly suppressed 7 days after exposure. The joint effect of E1 and E2 was additive with regard to VTG induction. Conclusion The results of our study highlight a series of effects of steroidal estrogens on goldfish. Further study is needed to confirm their effect as a whole.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51079049)the Crucial Special Project of National Water Pollution Control and Management Science of China(No.2008ZX07421-002)
文摘Biotransformation and detoxification responses to the exposure to five polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were investigated in crucian(Carassius auratus). Juvenile crucian were treated with a single intraperitoneal injection of each compound at dosages of 0.1, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0 and 8.0(or 10.0) mg/kg and sacrificed 15 d later to determine 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase(EROD) and glutathione S-transferases(GST) activities in gill S9 fractions. EROD activity is significantly increased by benzo(b)fluoranthene and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene at all the doses. High dosages of PAHs induced GST activity and the inducing ability of them increased in the following order: fluorene< fluoranthene<indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene<benzo(g,h,i)perylene<benzo(b)fluoranthene. In all the cases, dose dependence appeared to exist. The gill EROD and GST in Carassius auratus are useful biomarkers to estimate sub-acute toxicity of both polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) and PAHs-like compounds.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51079049,51209069)Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province
文摘Objective To study the biological effects of nanoscale copper oxide(nCuO),zinc oxide(nZnO),cerium dioxide(nCeO2) and theirmixtures on Carassius auratus.Methods Juvenile fish(Carassius auratus) were exposed to aqueous suspensions of nCuO,nZnO,and nCeO2(alone and in mixtures) at concentrations of 20,40,80,160,and 320 mg/L.The biomarkers-acetylcholinesterase(AChE) in brain,sodium/potassium-activated ATPase(Na+/K+-ATPase) in gill,and superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT) in liver-were determined after 4 days of exposure.Integrated biomarker response(IBR) was calculated by combining multiple biomarkers into a single value.Results AChE and SOD activities were significantly inhibited by all test metal oxide nanoparticles(NPs) at high concentrations(≥160 mg/L) with the exception of nCeO2.Na+/K+-ATPase induction exhibited bell-shaped concentration-response curves.CAT activity was significantly inhibited at concentrations equal to or higher than 160 mg/L.The order of IBR values was nCeO2 ≈ nZnO/nCeO2 ≈ nCuO/nCeO2 < nCuO/nZnO/nCeO2 < nZnO < nCuO < nCuO/nZnO.The joint effect seemed to be synergistic for nCuO/nZnO mixtures,additive for the ternary mixture and less than additive or antagonistic for the binarymixtures containing nCeO2.Conclusion Concentration-dependent changes of enzymatic activities(AChE,Na+/K+-ATPase,SOD,and CAT) were observed in fish exposed to nanoscale metal oxides.IBR analysis allowed good discrimination between the different exposures and might be a useful tool for the quantification of integrated negative effects induced by NPs toward fish.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFC0502203)the National Science Funds for Creative Research Groups of China(Grant No.51421006)the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.91647206).
文摘River hydrogeochemistry offers necessary guidance for effective water environmental management.However,the influence of cascade reservoirs on river hydrogeochemistry remains unknown.In this study,the Jinsha River,the headwaters of the Yangtze River of China,was selected to investigate the spatiotemporal variations of hydrogeochemistry after the construction of six cascade reservoirs.Major ions,total dissolved solids,electrical conductivity,and pH values of sampled water in the upper natural reaches and lower reservoir-regulated reaches were analyzed in both flood and dry seasons.The results of Piper diagram and Gibbs plots showed that the hydrogeochemistry of the Jinsha River was naturally controlled by both evaporation-crystallization and carbonate weathering processes,but it was also artificially affected by reservoirs.The impoundment of cascade reservoirs affected the hydrodynamic condition of the river.The river flow in the flood season was reduced by approximately 24.5%,altering the proportions of water sources and leading to notable hydrogeochemical alterations in reservoir-regulated reaches.Conversely,river hydrogeochemistry generally remained unchanged in the dry season,owing to the insignificant effect of cascade reservoirs on river flow.In contrast to what has been observed in previous studies of individual reservoirs,the cumulative influence of cascade reservoirs on the Jinsha River flow regime did not cause abrupt hydrogeochemical changes between the upstream and downstream areas of each reservoir.Moreover,the water quality assessments revealed that the impoundment of cascade reservoirs improved downstream irrigational water quality,with lower Naþratio values in the flood season.This study provides the earliest evaluation of cascade reservoir influence on the hydrogeochemistry of the Jinsha River.The findings of this study can be used as a reference for scientific guidelines for future environmental management of cascade reservoirs in large rivers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51879228,51769034)the National Science Funds for Creative Research Groups of China(No.51421006)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions。
文摘Numerous studies have evaluated the toxicity and endocrine disrupting properties of organic UV filters for aquatic organisms,but little is known about their biodegradation in river sediments and their impact on microorganisms.We have set up the sterile and microbiological systems in the laboratory,adding 2-ethylhexyl-4-methoxycinnamate(EHMC),one of organic UV filters included in the list of high yield chemicals,at concentrations of 2,20 and 200μg/L,and characterized the microbial community composition and diversity in sediments.Monitoring of EHMC degradation within 30 days revealed that the half-life in the microbial system(3.49 days)was much shorter than that in the sterile system(7.55 days).Two potential degradation products,4-mercaptobenzoic acid and 3-methoxyphenol were identified in the microbial system.Furthermore,high-throughput 16s and 18s rRNA gene sequencing showed that Proteobacteria dominated the sediment bacterial assemblages followed by Chloroflexi,Acidobacteria,Bacteroidetes and Nitrospirae;Eukaryota_uncultured fungus dominated the sediment fungal assemblages.Correlation analysis demonstrated that two bacterium genera(Anaerolineaceae_uncultured and Burkholderiaceae_uncultured)were significantly correlated with the biodegradation of EHMC.These results illustrate the biodegradability of EHMC in river sediments and its potential impact on microbial communities,which can provide useful information for eliminating the pollution of organic UV filters in natural river systems and assessing their potential ecological risks.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Fund of China (No. 51508153)the Natural Science Fund of Jiangsu (No. BK20150813)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesA Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
文摘The adsorption and desorption behavior of Cr(Ⅵ) in membrane capacitive deionization(MCDI) was investigated systematically in the presence of bovine serum albumin(BSA) and KCl with different concentrations, respectively. Results revealed that Cr(Ⅵ) absorption was enhanced and the adsorption amount for Cr(Ⅵ) increased from 155.7 to 190.8 mg/g when KCl concentration increased from 100 to 200 mg/L in the adsorption process, which was attributed to the stronger driving force. However, the adsorption amount sharply decreased to 90.2 mg/g when KCl concentration reached up to 1000 mg/L suggesting the negative effect for Cr(Ⅵ) removal that high KCl concentration had. As for the effect of BSA on ion adsorption, the amount for Cr(Ⅵ) significantly declined to 78.3 mg/g and p H was found to be an important factor contributing to this significant reduction. Then, the desorption performance was also conducted and it was obtained that the presence of KCl had negligible effect on Cr(Ⅵ) desorption, while promoted by the addition of BSA. The incomplete desorption was obtained and the residual chromium ions onto the electrode after desorption was detected via energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS). Based on above analysis, the enhanced removal mechanism for Cr(Ⅵ) in MCDI was found to be consisted of ion adsorption onto electrode surface, the redox reaction of Cr(Ⅵ) into Cr(III)and precipitation, which was demonstrated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and scanning electron microscope(SEM).
基金Supported by the Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education (Grant No. 109076) China’s National Basic Research Program (Grant No. 2008CB418203)
文摘Aquatic ecosystems are often polluted with more than one type of contaminant, and information on the combined toxic effects of mixed pollutants on aquatic organisms is scarce at present. Acute toxicity of aromatic compounds and their ternary mixtures to the alga (Scenedesmus obliquus) was determined by the algae growth inhibition test. The median effective concentration (EC50) value for a single aromatic compound and EC50mix values for mixtures were obtained. the logarithm of n-octanol/water partition coefficient (logPmix) and the frontier orbital energy gap (ΔEmix) for mixtures were calculated. Based on the quantitative structure-activity relationship model for single chemical toxicity log(1/EC50) =0.426logP -1.150ΔE +12.61 (n=15, R2=0.917 and Q2=0.878), the following two-descriptor model was developed for the ternary mixture toxicity of aromatic compounds: log(1/EC50mix)=0.682logPmix-0.367ΔEmix+ 4.971 (n=44, R2=0.869 and Q2=0.843). This model can be used to predict the combined toxicity of mixtures containing toxicants with different mechanisms of action.
