Malocclusion,identified by the World Health Organization(WHO)as one of three major oral diseases,profoundly impacts the dental-maxillofacial functions,facial esthetics,and long-term development of~260 million children...Malocclusion,identified by the World Health Organization(WHO)as one of three major oral diseases,profoundly impacts the dental-maxillofacial functions,facial esthetics,and long-term development of~260 million children in China.Beyond its physical manifestations,malocclusion also significantly influences the psycho-social well-being of these children.Timely intervention in malocclusion can foster an environment conducive to dental-maxillofacial development and substantially decrease the incidence of malocclusion or reduce the severity and complexity of malocclusion in the permanent dentition,by mitigating the negative impact of abnormal environmental influences on the growth.Early orthodontic treatment encompasses accurate identification and treatment of dental and maxillofacial morphological and functional abnormalities during various stages of dental-maxillofacial development,ranging from fetal stages to the early permanent dentition phase.From an economic and societal standpoint,the urgency for effective early orthodontic treatments for malocclusions in childhood cannot be overstated,underlining its profound practical and social importance.This consensus paper discusses the characteristics and the detrimental effects of malocclusion in children,emphasizing critical need for early treatment.It elaborates on corresponding core principles and fundamental approaches in early orthodontics,proposing comprehensive guidance for preventive and interceptive orthodontic treatment,serving as a reference for clinicians engaged in early orthodontic treatment.展开更多
As we are facing an aging society,anti-aging strategies have been pursued to reduce the negative impacts of aging and increase the health span of human beings.Gut microbiota has become a key factor in the anti-aging p...As we are facing an aging society,anti-aging strategies have been pursued to reduce the negative impacts of aging and increase the health span of human beings.Gut microbiota has become a key factor in the anti-aging process.Modulation of gut microbiota by fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)to prevent frailty and unhealthy aging has been a hot topic of research.This narrative review summarizes the benefits of FMT for health span and lifespan,brains,eyes,productive systems,bones,and others.The mechanisms of FMT in improving healthy aging are discussed.The increased beneficial bacteria and decreased pathological bacteria decreased gut permeability and systemic inflammation,increased short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)and SCFA-producing bacteria,and other factors are listed as mechanisms of FMT to improve healthy aging.The points that need to be considered to ensure the optimal outcomes of FMT are also discussed,such as recipients’age,sex,genetic background,and gut microbiota after FMT.Although thisfield is still in its infancy,it has shown that FMT has great potential to improve healthy aging.展开更多
Photodynamic therapy(PDT)has emerged as a novel therapeutic modality for cancer treatment,but its therapeutic efficacy is severely limited by the hypoxic tumor microenvironment(TME).Here we designed an innovative mult...Photodynamic therapy(PDT)has emerged as a novel therapeutic modality for cancer treatment,but its therapeutic efficacy is severely limited by the hypoxic tumor microenvironment(TME).Here we designed an innovative multifunctional nano-platform which consists of a hollow MnO_(2) shell and internal photosensitizer IR780.It is not only used for multimodal imaging of oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC),but also for adjustment hypoxic TME to enhance cancer treatment.Hollow MnO_(2) can promote decomposition of tumor endogenous H2O2 to relieve tumor hypoxia,thereby enhancing the effect of photodynamic therapy.Photosensitizer IR780 generates singlet oxygen under laser irradiation to kill tumor cells,playing photodynamic effect,can also act as the contrast agents for photoacoustic and fluorescence multiple imaging,providing potential imaging capability for cancer therapeutic guidance and monitoring.Our research results in this article show that HMnO_(2)-IR780 nanocomposite exhibits good biocompatibility and nontoxicity,strong PA/FL imaging contrast,excellent oxygen production capacity and outstanding photodynamic therapy effect.This finding provides a new idea for multimodal imaging-guided nanotherapy for OSCC.展开更多
Nanocapsules with triethylene glycol dimethacrylate （TEGDMA） as core material and polyurethane as wall material used for self-healing bonding resin were prepared by interfacial polycondensation in miniemulsion. The ...Nanocapsules with triethylene glycol dimethacrylate （TEGDMA） as core material and polyurethane as wall material used for self-healing bonding resin were prepared by interfacial polycondensation in miniemulsion. The influence of surfactant and costabilizer concentration on nanocapsules size and stability of nanocapsules was investigated. The size and its polydispersity of the nanocapsules were measured by light-scattering particle size analyzer. When the concentration of SDS were increased from 2.5wt% to 10wt%,the size decreases from 340.5 nm to 258.3 nm, PDI decreased from 0.210 to 0.111. As the concentration of HD increased, the size and PDI were both decreased, When reaching 10wt%,the size was 258.0 nm,PDI was 0.130. SDS and HD play important effect in synthesis of Nanocapsules containing TEGDMA.By changing the surfactant and costabilizer concentration it was possible to synthesize a wide variety of nanocapsules sizes. The performance and technical parameters of nanocapsules had been researched preliminarily, which built the solid foundation for the application to the self-repairing bonding resin.展开更多
Relationship between leucite content and compressive strength of K2O-Al2O3-SiO2 sys-tem dental glass ceramics were investigated. 10 groups of feedstock powder with different composi-tions were treated according to the...Relationship between leucite content and compressive strength of K2O-Al2O3-SiO2 sys-tem dental glass ceramics were investigated. 10 groups of feedstock powder with different composi-tions were treated according to the same thermal treatment system of leucite micro-crystallization reported in some primary studies. The products of each group were analyzed by X-ray diffractometer, polaring microscope and scanning electronic microscope （SEM）, and then the compressive strength was tested by a material testing machine. A direct proportion was found between leucite content and the compressive strength when leucite content was less than 50 vol%, and compressive strength de-creased with the increasing of leucite micro-crystals when leucite content was more than 50vol%, The leucite content has a notable influence on the compressive strength of K2O-Al2O3-SiO2 system dental glass ceramics.展开更多
The purpose of this study is to explore the feasibility of repairing mandibular defect with osteoconductive porous beta-tricalcium phosphate （ β- TCP ） combined with osteoinductive bone matrix gelatin （ BMG ）, wh...The purpose of this study is to explore the feasibility of repairing mandibular defect with osteoconductive porous beta-tricalcium phosphate （ β- TCP ） combined with osteoinductive bone matrix gelatin （ BMG ）, which has good physical property and biompatibility and maybe a new type of artificial bone substitute. Bilateral mandible defects sized 1.0 cm ×0. 6 cm×0. 3 cm of fifteen rabbits were implanted with β- TCP （ control group ） and β- TCPI BMG（ experimental group ） respectively. The specimens were harvested at 4^th , 8^th and 12^th weeks post-operation and examined by gross, X-ray, histomorphological and the computer analysis. The volume of newly-formed bone of the experimental side was much much than that of the control side at 4^th , 8^th and 12^th weeks. There is significant difference （p 〈 0.05） between experimental group and control group. Computer-aided X- ray analysis showed that the density of newly-formed bone, compared with the control side, were similar to the surrounding natural bone at 12^th week after operntion. Therefore, β- TCP/ BMG is a better bone substitute than TCP and is a degradable and biocompntible artificial bone substitute material and is osteoinductive and osteoconductive .展开更多
BACKGROUND Canines are the most important teeth in the dentition.Usually,doctors choose to remove premolars rather than canines.Canine extraction is extremely rare in orthodontic treatment.However,dentists sometimes e...BACKGROUND Canines are the most important teeth in the dentition.Usually,doctors choose to remove premolars rather than canines.Canine extraction is extremely rare in orthodontic treatment.However,dentists sometimes encounter situations in which canines require extraction due to defects caused by improper medical treatment.CASE SUMMARY The present study reports a case of a class II adult patient treated with the extraction of maxillary canines and right mandibular second premolar.After postactive treatment for 28 mo,then the canines were substituted by the upper first premolar,a satisfactory occlusal was established,the lips were competent,and the profile was improved.Intraoral pictures and X-ray data retrieved 3 years after the end of orthodontic treatment demonstrated the possibility of canine extraction and premolar substitution of canines in function and beauty.CONCLUSION The extraction of canines and substitution by first premolars could be a feasible orthodontic treatment.展开更多
<b><span>Background:</span></b><span> The objective of this meta-analysis was to assess whether mini-</span><span>implants </span><span>have</span><span&g...<b><span>Background:</span></b><span> The objective of this meta-analysis was to assess whether mini-</span><span>implants </span><span>have</span><span> added benefit in terms of implants success rate and average bone loss over conventional-sized implants after one year of follow-up.</span><span> </span><b><span>Methods: </span></b><span>An electronic search of randomized clinical trials was conducted in MEDLINE (via PubMed), Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials (CENTRAL) and Web of Science for studies including complete or partial edentulous patients requiring two or four mini-implants or conventional/</span><span> </span><span>standard-sized implants in the maxilla or mandible for implant-supported removable prostheses who completed 12 months of follow-up. </span><b><span>Results:</span></b><span> The search provided 194 unique articles which were screened for title and abstract. Screening generated 12 articles which went through full-text analysis using eligibility criteria, and 4 articles were included for meta-analysis. Meta-analysis of these studies indicated a non-significant difference in the success rate between the two interventions (OR = 1.69 [0.74, 3.85;p = 0.21]). Bone loss estimates resulted in a significant bone reduction (Mean Difference = </span><span>-</span><span>0.74 [</span><span>-</span><span>0.95, </span><span>-</span><span>0.53;p < 0.05]) in favor of two mini-implants when compared with two conventional-sized implants, but when compared four mini</span><span>- </span><span> </span><span>with two conventional-sized implants</span><span>,</span><span> the estimates were non-significant </span><span>(Mean Difference = </span><span>-</span><span>0.24 [</span><span>-</span><span>0.69, 0.20;p = 0.29]). </span><b><span>Conclusion: </span></b><span>The current evidence does not provide solid evidence of the benefits of one intervention over the other. More studies with follow-up times of 10 and more years are needed as current studies have described the short-term outcomes.</span>展开更多
Tooth germ injury can lead to abnormal tooth development and even tooth loss,affecting various aspects of the stomatognathic system including form,function,and appearance.However,the research about tooth germ injury m...Tooth germ injury can lead to abnormal tooth development and even tooth loss,affecting various aspects of the stomatognathic system including form,function,and appearance.However,the research about tooth germ injury model on cellular and molecule mechanism of tooth germ repair is still very limited.Therefore,it is of great importance for the prevention and treatment of tooth germ injury to study the important mechanism of tooth germ repair by a tooth germ injury model.Here,we constructed a Tg(dlx2b:Dendra2-NTR)transgenic line that labeled tooth germ specifically.Taking advantage of the NTR/Mtz system,the dlx2b+tooth germ cells were depleted by Mtz effectively.The process of tooth germ repair was evaluated by antibody staining,in situ hybridization,Ed U staining and alizarin red staining.The severely injured tooth germ was repaired in several days after Mtz treatment was stopped.In the early stage of tooth germ repair,the expression of phosphorylated 4E-BP1 was increased,indicating that mTORC1 is activated.Inhibition of mTORC1 signaling in vitro or knockdown of mTORC1 signaling in vivo could inhibit the repair of injured tooth germ.Normally,mouse incisors were repaired after damage,but inhibition/promotion of mTORC1 signaling inhibited/promoted this repair progress.Overall,we are the first to construct a stable and repeatable repair model of severe tooth germ injury,and our results reveal that mTORC1 signaling plays a crucial role during tooth germ repair,providing a potential target for clinical treatment of tooth germ injury.展开更多
The Wnt signaling pathway plays a critical role in bone homeostasis,and the related protein therapy strategies have been reported to have great potential in osseointegration;however,they face formidable challenges suc...The Wnt signaling pathway plays a critical role in bone homeostasis,and the related protein therapy strategies have been reported to have great potential in osseointegration;however,they face formidable challenges such as complex external environments and unavoidable protein denaturation.In this work,we report a novel approach combining the synthesis of metal–organic frameworks(MOFs)and protein encapsulation in a one-pot process based on zeolitic imidazolate framework-8(ZIF-8)and Wnt3a protein,with improved biomechanical behavior and enhanced protein biological response.This combination was designed to enhance the Wnt3a protein function through the improved chemical stability provided by the ZIF-8 crystals.Additionally,the zinc ions contained in the ZIF-8 crystals induced bone homeostasis,further favoring the osteogenesis.The results showed that the Wnt3a protein-loaded ZIF-8 crystals served as efficient drug delivery vehicles to promote osteogenesis,preventing protein denaturation.In particular,Wnt3a-loaded ZIF-8 nanoparticles(Wnt3a@ZIF-8 NPs)had higher efficacy on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)than ZIF-8 NPs or Wnt3a proteins,contributing to the osteogenesis through ZIF-8 crystals and intracellular Wnt3a proteins released from Wnt3a@ZIF-8 NPs.Furthermore,polymerase chain reaction(PCR)analysis showed that the osteogenic pathways were upregulated.Overall,the present one-pot process can open up new avenues to develop signaling protein-delivery systems for applications in protein therapy strategies.展开更多
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSC)represents nearly 90%of all head and neck tumors.The current treatment modality for HNSC patients primarily involves surgical intervention and radiotherapy,but its therapeuti...Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSC)represents nearly 90%of all head and neck tumors.The current treatment modality for HNSC patients primarily involves surgical intervention and radiotherapy,but its therapeutic efficacy remains limited.The mRNA vaccine based on tumor antigens seems promising for cancer treatment.Ferroptosis,a novel form of cell death,is linked to tumor progression and cancer immunotherapy.Nevertheless,the effectiveness of ferroptosis-associated tumor antigens in treating HNSC remains uncertain.In this study,we identified three ferroptosis-associated tumor antigens,namely caveolin1(CAV1),ferritin heavy chain(FTH1),and solute carrier 3A2(SLC3A2),as being overexpressed and mutated based on data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases.These antigens were strongly associated with poor prognosis and infiltration of antigen-presenting cells in HNSC.We further identified two ferroptosis subtypes(FS1 and FS2)with distinct molecular,cellular,and clinical properties to identify antigen-sensitive individuals.Our findings indicate that FS1 exhibits an immune“hot”phenotype,whereas FS2 displays an immune“cold”phenotype.Additionally,differential expression of immunogenic cell death modulators and immune checkpoints was observed between these two immune subtypes.Further exploration of the HNSC's immune landscape revealed significant heterogeneity among individual patients.Our findings suggest that CAV1,FTH1,and SLC3A2 are potential targets to prevent HNSC in FS2 patients.Overall,our research reveals the potential of ferroptosis-associated mRNA vaccines for HNSC and identifies an effective patient population for vaccine treatment.展开更多
Dear Editor,Orofacial cleft(OFC),which includes cleft lip and/or palate(CL/P)and cleft palate(CP),is the most common congenital craniofacial structural disorder,with a prevalence of 1.416%。among live infants worldwid...Dear Editor,Orofacial cleft(OFC),which includes cleft lip and/or palate(CL/P)and cleft palate(CP),is the most common congenital craniofacial structural disorder,with a prevalence of 1.416%。among live infants worldwide(Massenburg et al.,2021).Nonsyndromic OFC(NSOFC),which does not contain other malformations as syndromic OFC(SOFC),accounts for 70%of cases and is believed to have complex etiologies.Notably,it has been established that genetic factors play a crucial role in the occurrence of NSOFC(Dixon et al.,2011).展开更多
Osteoporosis caused by aging is characterized by reduced bone mass and accumulated adipocytes in the bone marrow cavity. How the balance between osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis from bone marrow mesenchymal stem ce...Osteoporosis caused by aging is characterized by reduced bone mass and accumulated adipocytes in the bone marrow cavity. How the balance between osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs) is lost upon aging is still unclear. Here, we found that the RNA-binding protein Musashi2(Msi2) regulates BMSC lineage commitment. Msi2 is commonly enriched in stem cells and tumor cells. We found that its expression was downregulated during adipogenic differentiation and upregulated during osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Msi2 knockout mice exhibited decreased bone mass with substantial accumulation of marrow adipocytes, similar to aging-induced osteoporosis. Depletion of Msi2 in BMSCs led to increased adipocyte commitment. Transcriptional profiling analysis revealed that Msi2 deficiency led to increased PPARγ signaling.RNA-interacting protein immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that Msi2 could inhibit the translation of the key adipogenic factor Cebpα, thereby inhibiting PPAR signaling. Furthermore, the expression of Msi2 decreased significantly during the aging process of mice, indicating that decreased Msi2 function during aging contributes to abnormal accumulation of adipocytes in bone marrow and osteoporosis. Thus, our results provide a putative biochemical mechanism for aging-related osteoporosis, suggesting that modulating Msi2 function may benefit the treatment of bone aging.展开更多
The estimate of dental caries among Chinese children at the microscale level using standard methodology remains unclear. In this study, we assessed and analyzed the disease burden of childhood dental caries in China b...The estimate of dental caries among Chinese children at the microscale level using standard methodology remains unclear. In this study, we assessed and analyzed the disease burden of childhood dental caries in China by extracting data from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 （GBD 2016）. In 2016, the number of cases, prevalence, years lived with disability （YLD）, and age-standardized YLD rate of dental caries was 93.0 million, 43.0%, 32,200 person years, and 14.8 per 100,000, respectively. Across 33 provincial units, the disease burden was highest in Hubei （YLD rate 28.6 per 100,000）, lowest in Macao （9.1 per 100,000）, while geographical clustering was not observed. Compared with 1990, the prevalence in 2016 decreased from 46.8% to 43.0%, and the YLD rate decreased from 16.5 per 100,000 to 14.8 per 100,000. Given the slight decrease in dental caries burden, the prevalence and disease burden remained high among Chinese children. Strategies for addressing the spatial inequity of childhood dental caries require geographical targeting.展开更多
Periodontitis is a widespread oral disease characterized by continuous inflammation of the periodontal tissue and an irreversible alveolar bone loss, which eventually leads to tooth loss. Four-octyl itaconate(4-OI) is...Periodontitis is a widespread oral disease characterized by continuous inflammation of the periodontal tissue and an irreversible alveolar bone loss, which eventually leads to tooth loss. Four-octyl itaconate(4-OI) is a cell-permeable itaconate derivative and has been recognized as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Here, we explored, for the first time,the protective effect of 4-OI on inhibiting periodontal destruction, ameliorating local inflammation, and the underlying mechanism in periodontitis. Here we showed that 4-OI treatment ameliorates inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide in the periodontal microenvironment. 4-OI can also significantly alleviate inflammation and alveolar bone loss via Nrf2 activation as observed on samples from experimental periodontitis in the C57BL/6 mice. This was further confirmed as silencing Nrf2 blocked the antioxidant effect of 4-OI by downregulating the expression of downstream antioxidant enzymes. Additionally, molecular docking simulation indicated the possible mechanism under Nrf2 activation. Also, in Nrf2-/-mice, 4-OI treatment did not protect against alveolar bone dysfunction due to induced periodontitis, which underlined the importance of the Nrf2 in 4-OI mediated periodontitis treatment.Our results indicated that 4-OI attenuates inflammation and oxidative stress via disassociation of KEAP1-Nrf2 and activation of Nrf2 signaling cascade. Taken together, local administration of 4-OI offers clinical potential to inhibit periodontal destruction,ameliorate local inflammation for more predictable periodontitis.展开更多
Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide,with a very poor overall five-year survival rate.The intrinsic limitations associated with the conventional diagnosis and therapeutic strategies used fo...Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide,with a very poor overall five-year survival rate.The intrinsic limitations associated with the conventional diagnosis and therapeutic strategies used for lung cancer have motivated the development of nanotechnology and nanomedicine approaches,in order to improve early diagnosis rate and develop more effective and safer therapeutic options for lung cancer.Cancer nanomedicines aim to individualize drug delivery,diagnosis,and therapy by tailoring them to each patient’s unique physiology and pathological features—on both the genomic and proteomic levels—and have attracted widespread attention in this field.Despite the successful application of nanomedicine techniques in lung cancer research,the clinical translation of nanomedicine approaches remains challenging due to the limited understanding of the interactions that occur between nanotechnology and biology,and the challenges posed by the toxicology,pharmacology,immunology,and largescale manufacturing of nanoparticles.In this review,we highlight the progress and opportunities associated with nanomedicine use for lung cancer treatment and discuss the prospects of this field,together with the challenges associated with clinical translation.展开更多
A novel kind of denture base nanocomposite was prepared by polymethyl methyacrylate（PMMA） and cethyltrimethylammonium bromide modified organic montmorillonite （OMMT）. The dispersion of montmorillonite in the polym...A novel kind of denture base nanocomposite was prepared by polymethyl methyacrylate（PMMA） and cethyltrimethylammonium bromide modified organic montmorillonite （OMMT）. The dispersion of montmorillonite in the polymer matrix was characterized by x-ray diffraction （XRD） and transimission electron microscope （TEM）.The content of residual MMA in nanocomposites and the amount of MMA released to water from nanocomposites were determined by gas chromatography （GC）. The analysis of TEM and XRD showed that exfoliated-intercalated and intercalated nanocomposites were formed when the content of OMMT was 3% and 5% in the PMMA powder respectively. The results of GC showed that the residual MMA increased with the increase of OMMT content in the polymer matrix. After 7 days in water, the amount of MMA released into water from the nanocomposites tended to be stable. The results of one-way ANOVA and t-test showed that OMMT gave a significant increase of residual MMA concentration （p〈0.05） in nanocomposites.展开更多
This study aimed to explore the optimal invisible orthodontic force system during the en-mass distalization of two maxillary molars to minimize the side effect of anchorage loss by changing the direction of the applic...This study aimed to explore the optimal invisible orthodontic force system during the en-mass distalization of two maxillary molars to minimize the side effect of anchorage loss by changing the direction of the application of the orthodontic force system.A high bio-fidelity 3D finite element model including maxilla,periodontal ligament,dentition,clear aligner,3D anchorage attachment and mini-implant was established.Different lengths of lateral hooks of 3D-printed anchorage attachments and mini-implant positions into the palatal alveolus were considered.A 200 g distal force was applied to the lateral hooks of different horizontal lengths(3.26 mm,6.52 mm and 9.78 mm)with the mini-implant as the application point.Using ABAQUS software,orthodontic tooth movements under 12 different clinical treatment designs were analyzed and calculated.The 3D anchorage attachment enhanced the anchorage of anterior teeth and alleviated the tipping/extrusion of premolars.In contrast to without clear aligners,length of the lateral hook had a negligible effect on both mesial tipping and buccal tipping with clear aligners,which could then be ignored.The change in mesial tipping was less and nearly remained constant despite of the different heights of the mini-implant.The 3D anchorage attachment assisted clear aligner can avoid the side effects of anterior tooth proclination caused by insufficient anchorage.The length of the lateral hook,and height of the mini-implant in this invisible orthodontic force system hardly affects the tooth movement of anchorage units.Clear aligners can effectively control the rotation and tipping of anchorage units caused by 3D anchorage attachment.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82171001,82222015)Research Funding from West China School/Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University(RCDWJS2023-1)Align Technology Specialized Scientific Research Fund(21H0922).
文摘Malocclusion,identified by the World Health Organization(WHO)as one of three major oral diseases,profoundly impacts the dental-maxillofacial functions,facial esthetics,and long-term development of~260 million children in China.Beyond its physical manifestations,malocclusion also significantly influences the psycho-social well-being of these children.Timely intervention in malocclusion can foster an environment conducive to dental-maxillofacial development and substantially decrease the incidence of malocclusion or reduce the severity and complexity of malocclusion in the permanent dentition,by mitigating the negative impact of abnormal environmental influences on the growth.Early orthodontic treatment encompasses accurate identification and treatment of dental and maxillofacial morphological and functional abnormalities during various stages of dental-maxillofacial development,ranging from fetal stages to the early permanent dentition phase.From an economic and societal standpoint,the urgency for effective early orthodontic treatments for malocclusions in childhood cannot be overstated,underlining its profound practical and social importance.This consensus paper discusses the characteristics and the detrimental effects of malocclusion in children,emphasizing critical need for early treatment.It elaborates on corresponding core principles and fundamental approaches in early orthodontics,proposing comprehensive guidance for preventive and interceptive orthodontic treatment,serving as a reference for clinicians engaged in early orthodontic treatment.
基金This work was sponsored by Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(cstc2021jcyjbshX0176 to Ting Gong)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81900980 to Huifen Ding).
文摘As we are facing an aging society,anti-aging strategies have been pursued to reduce the negative impacts of aging and increase the health span of human beings.Gut microbiota has become a key factor in the anti-aging process.Modulation of gut microbiota by fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)to prevent frailty and unhealthy aging has been a hot topic of research.This narrative review summarizes the benefits of FMT for health span and lifespan,brains,eyes,productive systems,bones,and others.The mechanisms of FMT in improving healthy aging are discussed.The increased beneficial bacteria and decreased pathological bacteria decreased gut permeability and systemic inflammation,increased short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)and SCFA-producing bacteria,and other factors are listed as mechanisms of FMT to improve healthy aging.The points that need to be considered to ensure the optimal outcomes of FMT are also discussed,such as recipients’age,sex,genetic background,and gut microbiota after FMT.Although thisfield is still in its infancy,it has shown that FMT has great potential to improve healthy aging.
基金The present study was funded by the Chongqing Social Livelihood Science and Technology Innovation Project(Grant No.cstc2016shmszx00010)the Science and Technology Research Project of Chongqing Education Commission(Grant No.KJ1600231)the Program for Innovation Team Building at Institutions of Higher Education in Chongqing(Grant No.CXTDG201602006).
文摘Photodynamic therapy(PDT)has emerged as a novel therapeutic modality for cancer treatment,but its therapeutic efficacy is severely limited by the hypoxic tumor microenvironment(TME).Here we designed an innovative multifunctional nano-platform which consists of a hollow MnO_(2) shell and internal photosensitizer IR780.It is not only used for multimodal imaging of oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC),but also for adjustment hypoxic TME to enhance cancer treatment.Hollow MnO_(2) can promote decomposition of tumor endogenous H2O2 to relieve tumor hypoxia,thereby enhancing the effect of photodynamic therapy.Photosensitizer IR780 generates singlet oxygen under laser irradiation to kill tumor cells,playing photodynamic effect,can also act as the contrast agents for photoacoustic and fluorescence multiple imaging,providing potential imaging capability for cancer therapeutic guidance and monitoring.Our research results in this article show that HMnO_(2)-IR780 nanocomposite exhibits good biocompatibility and nontoxicity,strong PA/FL imaging contrast,excellent oxygen production capacity and outstanding photodynamic therapy effect.This finding provides a new idea for multimodal imaging-guided nanotherapy for OSCC.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30672346)
文摘Nanocapsules with triethylene glycol dimethacrylate （TEGDMA） as core material and polyurethane as wall material used for self-healing bonding resin were prepared by interfacial polycondensation in miniemulsion. The influence of surfactant and costabilizer concentration on nanocapsules size and stability of nanocapsules was investigated. The size and its polydispersity of the nanocapsules were measured by light-scattering particle size analyzer. When the concentration of SDS were increased from 2.5wt% to 10wt%,the size decreases from 340.5 nm to 258.3 nm, PDI decreased from 0.210 to 0.111. As the concentration of HD increased, the size and PDI were both decreased, When reaching 10wt%,the size was 258.0 nm,PDI was 0.130. SDS and HD play important effect in synthesis of Nanocapsules containing TEGDMA.By changing the surfactant and costabilizer concentration it was possible to synthesize a wide variety of nanocapsules sizes. The performance and technical parameters of nanocapsules had been researched preliminarily, which built the solid foundation for the application to the self-repairing bonding resin.
基金Funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China(No. 2006ABA250)
文摘Relationship between leucite content and compressive strength of K2O-Al2O3-SiO2 sys-tem dental glass ceramics were investigated. 10 groups of feedstock powder with different composi-tions were treated according to the same thermal treatment system of leucite micro-crystallization reported in some primary studies. The products of each group were analyzed by X-ray diffractometer, polaring microscope and scanning electronic microscope （SEM）, and then the compressive strength was tested by a material testing machine. A direct proportion was found between leucite content and the compressive strength when leucite content was less than 50 vol%, and compressive strength de-creased with the increasing of leucite micro-crystals when leucite content was more than 50vol%, The leucite content has a notable influence on the compressive strength of K2O-Al2O3-SiO2 system dental glass ceramics.
文摘The purpose of this study is to explore the feasibility of repairing mandibular defect with osteoconductive porous beta-tricalcium phosphate （ β- TCP ） combined with osteoinductive bone matrix gelatin （ BMG ）, which has good physical property and biompatibility and maybe a new type of artificial bone substitute. Bilateral mandible defects sized 1.0 cm ×0. 6 cm×0. 3 cm of fifteen rabbits were implanted with β- TCP （ control group ） and β- TCPI BMG（ experimental group ） respectively. The specimens were harvested at 4^th , 8^th and 12^th weeks post-operation and examined by gross, X-ray, histomorphological and the computer analysis. The volume of newly-formed bone of the experimental side was much much than that of the control side at 4^th , 8^th and 12^th weeks. There is significant difference （p 〈 0.05） between experimental group and control group. Computer-aided X- ray analysis showed that the density of newly-formed bone, compared with the control side, were similar to the surrounding natural bone at 12^th week after operntion. Therefore, β- TCP/ BMG is a better bone substitute than TCP and is a degradable and biocompntible artificial bone substitute material and is osteoinductive and osteoconductive .
文摘BACKGROUND Canines are the most important teeth in the dentition.Usually,doctors choose to remove premolars rather than canines.Canine extraction is extremely rare in orthodontic treatment.However,dentists sometimes encounter situations in which canines require extraction due to defects caused by improper medical treatment.CASE SUMMARY The present study reports a case of a class II adult patient treated with the extraction of maxillary canines and right mandibular second premolar.After postactive treatment for 28 mo,then the canines were substituted by the upper first premolar,a satisfactory occlusal was established,the lips were competent,and the profile was improved.Intraoral pictures and X-ray data retrieved 3 years after the end of orthodontic treatment demonstrated the possibility of canine extraction and premolar substitution of canines in function and beauty.CONCLUSION The extraction of canines and substitution by first premolars could be a feasible orthodontic treatment.
文摘<b><span>Background:</span></b><span> The objective of this meta-analysis was to assess whether mini-</span><span>implants </span><span>have</span><span> added benefit in terms of implants success rate and average bone loss over conventional-sized implants after one year of follow-up.</span><span> </span><b><span>Methods: </span></b><span>An electronic search of randomized clinical trials was conducted in MEDLINE (via PubMed), Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials (CENTRAL) and Web of Science for studies including complete or partial edentulous patients requiring two or four mini-implants or conventional/</span><span> </span><span>standard-sized implants in the maxilla or mandible for implant-supported removable prostheses who completed 12 months of follow-up. </span><b><span>Results:</span></b><span> The search provided 194 unique articles which were screened for title and abstract. Screening generated 12 articles which went through full-text analysis using eligibility criteria, and 4 articles were included for meta-analysis. Meta-analysis of these studies indicated a non-significant difference in the success rate between the two interventions (OR = 1.69 [0.74, 3.85;p = 0.21]). Bone loss estimates resulted in a significant bone reduction (Mean Difference = </span><span>-</span><span>0.74 [</span><span>-</span><span>0.95, </span><span>-</span><span>0.53;p < 0.05]) in favor of two mini-implants when compared with two conventional-sized implants, but when compared four mini</span><span>- </span><span> </span><span>with two conventional-sized implants</span><span>,</span><span> the estimates were non-significant </span><span>(Mean Difference = </span><span>-</span><span>0.24 [</span><span>-</span><span>0.69, 0.20;p = 0.29]). </span><b><span>Conclusion: </span></b><span>The current evidence does not provide solid evidence of the benefits of one intervention over the other. More studies with follow-up times of 10 and more years are needed as current studies have described the short-term outcomes.</span>
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NFSC)(No.31371473 to D.Y.,No.32270888 to D.Y.and No.31970783 to D.Y.)program for Top talent Distinguished Professor from Chongqing Medical University[No.(2021)215 to D.Y.]program for Youth Innovation in Future Medicine from Chongqing Medical University(No.W0060 to D.Y.)。
文摘Tooth germ injury can lead to abnormal tooth development and even tooth loss,affecting various aspects of the stomatognathic system including form,function,and appearance.However,the research about tooth germ injury model on cellular and molecule mechanism of tooth germ repair is still very limited.Therefore,it is of great importance for the prevention and treatment of tooth germ injury to study the important mechanism of tooth germ repair by a tooth germ injury model.Here,we constructed a Tg(dlx2b:Dendra2-NTR)transgenic line that labeled tooth germ specifically.Taking advantage of the NTR/Mtz system,the dlx2b+tooth germ cells were depleted by Mtz effectively.The process of tooth germ repair was evaluated by antibody staining,in situ hybridization,Ed U staining and alizarin red staining.The severely injured tooth germ was repaired in several days after Mtz treatment was stopped.In the early stage of tooth germ repair,the expression of phosphorylated 4E-BP1 was increased,indicating that mTORC1 is activated.Inhibition of mTORC1 signaling in vitro or knockdown of mTORC1 signaling in vivo could inhibit the repair of injured tooth germ.Normally,mouse incisors were repaired after damage,but inhibition/promotion of mTORC1 signaling inhibited/promoted this repair progress.Overall,we are the first to construct a stable and repeatable repair model of severe tooth germ injury,and our results reveal that mTORC1 signaling plays a crucial role during tooth germ repair,providing a potential target for clinical treatment of tooth germ injury.
基金financially supported by National Nature Science Foundations of China(Nos.82271016,82271034,82270961,82071164,8197032972,81901060)Key research program of Sichuan Science and technology Department(No.2021YFS0052)Research and Development Program(West China Hospital of Stomatology,Sichuan University)(Nos.RD-03-202107,RD-03-202310)。
文摘The Wnt signaling pathway plays a critical role in bone homeostasis,and the related protein therapy strategies have been reported to have great potential in osseointegration;however,they face formidable challenges such as complex external environments and unavoidable protein denaturation.In this work,we report a novel approach combining the synthesis of metal–organic frameworks(MOFs)and protein encapsulation in a one-pot process based on zeolitic imidazolate framework-8(ZIF-8)and Wnt3a protein,with improved biomechanical behavior and enhanced protein biological response.This combination was designed to enhance the Wnt3a protein function through the improved chemical stability provided by the ZIF-8 crystals.Additionally,the zinc ions contained in the ZIF-8 crystals induced bone homeostasis,further favoring the osteogenesis.The results showed that the Wnt3a protein-loaded ZIF-8 crystals served as efficient drug delivery vehicles to promote osteogenesis,preventing protein denaturation.In particular,Wnt3a-loaded ZIF-8 nanoparticles(Wnt3a@ZIF-8 NPs)had higher efficacy on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)than ZIF-8 NPs or Wnt3a proteins,contributing to the osteogenesis through ZIF-8 crystals and intracellular Wnt3a proteins released from Wnt3a@ZIF-8 NPs.Furthermore,polymerase chain reaction(PCR)analysis showed that the osteogenic pathways were upregulated.Overall,the present one-pot process can open up new avenues to develop signaling protein-delivery systems for applications in protein therapy strategies.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.82201059,82071115)Beijing Xisike Clinical Oncology Research Foundation (China) (No.Y-XD202001-0024)+2 种基金the Chongqing Postdoctoral Science Special Foundation (China) (No.2021XM1031)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China (No.CSTB2022NSCQ-BHX0003)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2022M720599).
文摘Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSC)represents nearly 90%of all head and neck tumors.The current treatment modality for HNSC patients primarily involves surgical intervention and radiotherapy,but its therapeutic efficacy remains limited.The mRNA vaccine based on tumor antigens seems promising for cancer treatment.Ferroptosis,a novel form of cell death,is linked to tumor progression and cancer immunotherapy.Nevertheless,the effectiveness of ferroptosis-associated tumor antigens in treating HNSC remains uncertain.In this study,we identified three ferroptosis-associated tumor antigens,namely caveolin1(CAV1),ferritin heavy chain(FTH1),and solute carrier 3A2(SLC3A2),as being overexpressed and mutated based on data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases.These antigens were strongly associated with poor prognosis and infiltration of antigen-presenting cells in HNSC.We further identified two ferroptosis subtypes(FS1 and FS2)with distinct molecular,cellular,and clinical properties to identify antigen-sensitive individuals.Our findings indicate that FS1 exhibits an immune“hot”phenotype,whereas FS2 displays an immune“cold”phenotype.Additionally,differential expression of immunogenic cell death modulators and immune checkpoints was observed between these two immune subtypes.Further exploration of the HNSC's immune landscape revealed significant heterogeneity among individual patients.Our findings suggest that CAV1,FTH1,and SLC3A2 are potential targets to prevent HNSC in FS2 patients.Overall,our research reveals the potential of ferroptosis-associated mRNA vaccines for HNSC and identifies an effective patient population for vaccine treatment.
文摘Dear Editor,Orofacial cleft(OFC),which includes cleft lip and/or palate(CL/P)and cleft palate(CP),is the most common congenital craniofacial structural disorder,with a prevalence of 1.416%。among live infants worldwide(Massenburg et al.,2021).Nonsyndromic OFC(NSOFC),which does not contain other malformations as syndromic OFC(SOFC),accounts for 70%of cases and is believed to have complex etiologies.Notably,it has been established that genetic factors play a crucial role in the occurrence of NSOFC(Dixon et al.,2011).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)[81672119 and 81725010 to W.Z.]W Z is a scholar of‘the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars’(NSFC)[81725010]+4 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Science(XDA16020400 to P.H.)Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2017YFA0102700 to P.H.)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32170804 to PH)P.H.the fellowship of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021TQ0207,2021M702184 to J.S.)the‘Basic research project of Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital’(ynqn202102 to J.S.)。
文摘Osteoporosis caused by aging is characterized by reduced bone mass and accumulated adipocytes in the bone marrow cavity. How the balance between osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs) is lost upon aging is still unclear. Here, we found that the RNA-binding protein Musashi2(Msi2) regulates BMSC lineage commitment. Msi2 is commonly enriched in stem cells and tumor cells. We found that its expression was downregulated during adipogenic differentiation and upregulated during osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Msi2 knockout mice exhibited decreased bone mass with substantial accumulation of marrow adipocytes, similar to aging-induced osteoporosis. Depletion of Msi2 in BMSCs led to increased adipocyte commitment. Transcriptional profiling analysis revealed that Msi2 deficiency led to increased PPARγ signaling.RNA-interacting protein immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that Msi2 could inhibit the translation of the key adipogenic factor Cebpα, thereby inhibiting PPAR signaling. Furthermore, the expression of Msi2 decreased significantly during the aging process of mice, indicating that decreased Msi2 function during aging contributes to abnormal accumulation of adipocytes in bone marrow and osteoporosis. Thus, our results provide a putative biochemical mechanism for aging-related osteoporosis, suggesting that modulating Msi2 function may benefit the treatment of bone aging.
文摘The estimate of dental caries among Chinese children at the microscale level using standard methodology remains unclear. In this study, we assessed and analyzed the disease burden of childhood dental caries in China by extracting data from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 （GBD 2016）. In 2016, the number of cases, prevalence, years lived with disability （YLD）, and age-standardized YLD rate of dental caries was 93.0 million, 43.0%, 32,200 person years, and 14.8 per 100,000, respectively. Across 33 provincial units, the disease burden was highest in Hubei （YLD rate 28.6 per 100,000）, lowest in Macao （9.1 per 100,000）, while geographical clustering was not observed. Compared with 1990, the prevalence in 2016 decreased from 46.8% to 43.0%, and the YLD rate decreased from 16.5 per 100,000 to 14.8 per 100,000. Given the slight decrease in dental caries burden, the prevalence and disease burden remained high among Chinese children. Strategies for addressing the spatial inequity of childhood dental caries require geographical targeting.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31971282 and 32071362)2019 Chongqing Graduate Tutor Team Construction Project (dstd201903)Scientific and Technological Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission (KJQN201900415)。
文摘Periodontitis is a widespread oral disease characterized by continuous inflammation of the periodontal tissue and an irreversible alveolar bone loss, which eventually leads to tooth loss. Four-octyl itaconate(4-OI) is a cell-permeable itaconate derivative and has been recognized as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Here, we explored, for the first time,the protective effect of 4-OI on inhibiting periodontal destruction, ameliorating local inflammation, and the underlying mechanism in periodontitis. Here we showed that 4-OI treatment ameliorates inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide in the periodontal microenvironment. 4-OI can also significantly alleviate inflammation and alveolar bone loss via Nrf2 activation as observed on samples from experimental periodontitis in the C57BL/6 mice. This was further confirmed as silencing Nrf2 blocked the antioxidant effect of 4-OI by downregulating the expression of downstream antioxidant enzymes. Additionally, molecular docking simulation indicated the possible mechanism under Nrf2 activation. Also, in Nrf2-/-mice, 4-OI treatment did not protect against alveolar bone dysfunction due to induced periodontitis, which underlined the importance of the Nrf2 in 4-OI mediated periodontitis treatment.Our results indicated that 4-OI attenuates inflammation and oxidative stress via disassociation of KEAP1-Nrf2 and activation of Nrf2 signaling cascade. Taken together, local administration of 4-OI offers clinical potential to inhibit periodontal destruction,ameliorate local inflammation for more predictable periodontitis.
基金This work was supported by the National Program on Key Basic Research Project(2020YFA0211100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51872205,51922077,and 81602412)+3 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Training Plan of Outstanding Young Medical Talents,Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning(2017YQ050)Scientific Research Project of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning(2016Y0121)Natural Scientific Foundation of Shanghai(134119b1002)Outstanding Young Scientific Researcher of Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital.
文摘Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide,with a very poor overall five-year survival rate.The intrinsic limitations associated with the conventional diagnosis and therapeutic strategies used for lung cancer have motivated the development of nanotechnology and nanomedicine approaches,in order to improve early diagnosis rate and develop more effective and safer therapeutic options for lung cancer.Cancer nanomedicines aim to individualize drug delivery,diagnosis,and therapy by tailoring them to each patient’s unique physiology and pathological features—on both the genomic and proteomic levels—and have attracted widespread attention in this field.Despite the successful application of nanomedicine techniques in lung cancer research,the clinical translation of nanomedicine approaches remains challenging due to the limited understanding of the interactions that occur between nanotechnology and biology,and the challenges posed by the toxicology,pharmacology,immunology,and largescale manufacturing of nanoparticles.In this review,we highlight the progress and opportunities associated with nanomedicine use for lung cancer treatment and discuss the prospects of this field,together with the challenges associated with clinical translation.
文摘A novel kind of denture base nanocomposite was prepared by polymethyl methyacrylate（PMMA） and cethyltrimethylammonium bromide modified organic montmorillonite （OMMT）. The dispersion of montmorillonite in the polymer matrix was characterized by x-ray diffraction （XRD） and transimission electron microscope （TEM）.The content of residual MMA in nanocomposites and the amount of MMA released to water from nanocomposites were determined by gas chromatography （GC）. The analysis of TEM and XRD showed that exfoliated-intercalated and intercalated nanocomposites were formed when the content of OMMT was 3% and 5% in the PMMA powder respectively. The results of GC showed that the residual MMA increased with the increase of OMMT content in the polymer matrix. After 7 days in water, the amount of MMA released into water from the nanocomposites tended to be stable. The results of one-way ANOVA and t-test showed that OMMT gave a significant increase of residual MMA concentration （p〈0.05） in nanocomposites.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12072055,11872135,U20A20390,U22A20314)Natural Science Foundation of Beijing(Grant No.L212063)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,the 111 Project(No.B13003)the National Research Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC2504200)Orthodontic research project of youth clinical research fund of Chinese Stomatological Association(Grant No.CSA-O2020-07)Municipal graduate tutor team construction project(dstd201903).
文摘This study aimed to explore the optimal invisible orthodontic force system during the en-mass distalization of two maxillary molars to minimize the side effect of anchorage loss by changing the direction of the application of the orthodontic force system.A high bio-fidelity 3D finite element model including maxilla,periodontal ligament,dentition,clear aligner,3D anchorage attachment and mini-implant was established.Different lengths of lateral hooks of 3D-printed anchorage attachments and mini-implant positions into the palatal alveolus were considered.A 200 g distal force was applied to the lateral hooks of different horizontal lengths(3.26 mm,6.52 mm and 9.78 mm)with the mini-implant as the application point.Using ABAQUS software,orthodontic tooth movements under 12 different clinical treatment designs were analyzed and calculated.The 3D anchorage attachment enhanced the anchorage of anterior teeth and alleviated the tipping/extrusion of premolars.In contrast to without clear aligners,length of the lateral hook had a negligible effect on both mesial tipping and buccal tipping with clear aligners,which could then be ignored.The change in mesial tipping was less and nearly remained constant despite of the different heights of the mini-implant.The 3D anchorage attachment assisted clear aligner can avoid the side effects of anterior tooth proclination caused by insufficient anchorage.The length of the lateral hook,and height of the mini-implant in this invisible orthodontic force system hardly affects the tooth movement of anchorage units.Clear aligners can effectively control the rotation and tipping of anchorage units caused by 3D anchorage attachment.
