Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a potentially life-threatening inflammatory disease of the pancreas,with clinical management determined by the severity of the disease.Diagnosis,severity prediction,and prognosis assessment of...Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a potentially life-threatening inflammatory disease of the pancreas,with clinical management determined by the severity of the disease.Diagnosis,severity prediction,and prognosis assessment of AP typically involve the use of imaging technologies,such as computed tomography,magnetic resonance imaging,and ultrasound,and scoring systems,including Ranson,Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II,and Bedside Index for Severity in AP scores.Computed tomography is considered the gold standard imaging modality for AP due to its high sensitivity and specificity,while magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound can provide additional information on biliary obstruction and vascular complications.Scoring systems utilize clinical and laboratory parameters to classify AP patients into mild,moderate,or severe categories,guiding treatment decisions,such as intensive care unit admission,early enteral feeding,and antibiotic use.Despite the central role of imaging technologies and scoring systems in AP management,these methods have limitations in terms of accuracy,reproducibility,practicality and economics.Recent advancements of artificial intelligence(AI)provide new opportunities to enhance their performance by analyzing vast amounts of clinical and imaging data.AI algorithms can analyze large amounts of clinical and imaging data,identify scoring system patterns,and predict the clinical course of disease.AI-based models have shown promising results in predicting the severity and mortality of AP,but further validation and standardization are required before widespread clinical application.In addition,understanding the correlation between these three technologies will aid in developing new methods that can accurately,sensitively,and specifically be used in the diagnosis,severity prediction,and prognosis assessment of AP through complementary advantages.展开更多
Despite rapid advances in modern medical technology and significant improvements in survival rates of many cancers,pancreatic cancer is still a highly lethal gastrointestinal cancer with a low 5-year survival rate and...Despite rapid advances in modern medical technology and significant improvements in survival rates of many cancers,pancreatic cancer is still a highly lethal gastrointestinal cancer with a low 5-year survival rate and difficulty in early detection.At present,the incidence and mortality of pancreatic cancer are increasing year by year worldwide,no matter in the United States,Europe,Japan,or China.Globally,the incidence of pancreatic cancer is projected to increase to 18.6 per 100000 in 2050,with the average annual growth of 1.1%,meaning that pancreatic cancer will pose a significant public health burden.Due to the special anatomical location of the pancreas,the development of pancreatic cancer is usually diagnosed at a late stage with obvious clinical symptoms.Therefore,a comprehensive understanding of the risk factors for pancreatic cancer is of great clinical significance for effective prevention of pancreatic cancer.In this paper,the epidemiological characteristics,developmental trends,and risk factors of pancreatic cancer are reviewed and analyzed in detail.展开更多
It is well-established that high carbonization temperature will trigger the enzyme-like activity of carbon-based materials.However,the catalytic mechanism is still ambiguous,which hinders the further rational design o...It is well-established that high carbonization temperature will trigger the enzyme-like activity of carbon-based materials.However,the catalytic mechanism is still ambiguous,which hinders the further rational design of nanomaterials as enzyme mimics.Hereby,N,S-rich carbonized wool nanosheets(CWs)were synthesized at different pyrolysis temperatures.As expected,only CWs treated with high-temperature possess intrinsic oxidase-and peroxidase-like activities.Meanwhile,density functional theory(DFT)calculations demonstrate that graphitic nitrogen and the co-existence of nitrogen and sulfur in the carbon matrix serve as the active sites for the enzyme-like process.More importantly,combining theoretical calculations and experimental observations,the high-temperature triggered catalytic mechanism can be ascribed to the fact that an appropriate high-temperature maximizes the graphitization degree to a certain extent,at which most of the catalytic active sites are well retained rather than evaporating.Moreover,coupling with excellent photothermal conversion efficiency and catalytic performance,CWs can be applied to photothermal-catalytic cancer therapy under near-infrared region(NIR)light irradiation.We believe this work will contribute to understanding the catalytic mechanism of carbon-based nanozymes and promote the development of new biomedical and pharmaceutical applications.展开更多
基金Fujian Provincial Health Technology Project,No.2020GGA079Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,No.2021J011380National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.62276146.
文摘Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a potentially life-threatening inflammatory disease of the pancreas,with clinical management determined by the severity of the disease.Diagnosis,severity prediction,and prognosis assessment of AP typically involve the use of imaging technologies,such as computed tomography,magnetic resonance imaging,and ultrasound,and scoring systems,including Ranson,Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II,and Bedside Index for Severity in AP scores.Computed tomography is considered the gold standard imaging modality for AP due to its high sensitivity and specificity,while magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound can provide additional information on biliary obstruction and vascular complications.Scoring systems utilize clinical and laboratory parameters to classify AP patients into mild,moderate,or severe categories,guiding treatment decisions,such as intensive care unit admission,early enteral feeding,and antibiotic use.Despite the central role of imaging technologies and scoring systems in AP management,these methods have limitations in terms of accuracy,reproducibility,practicality and economics.Recent advancements of artificial intelligence(AI)provide new opportunities to enhance their performance by analyzing vast amounts of clinical and imaging data.AI algorithms can analyze large amounts of clinical and imaging data,identify scoring system patterns,and predict the clinical course of disease.AI-based models have shown promising results in predicting the severity and mortality of AP,but further validation and standardization are required before widespread clinical application.In addition,understanding the correlation between these three technologies will aid in developing new methods that can accurately,sensitively,and specifically be used in the diagnosis,severity prediction,and prognosis assessment of AP through complementary advantages.
基金Supported by Fujian Province Medical Health Young and Middle-aged Talents Training Project,No.2020GGA079National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81572442Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,No.2018J01195.
文摘Despite rapid advances in modern medical technology and significant improvements in survival rates of many cancers,pancreatic cancer is still a highly lethal gastrointestinal cancer with a low 5-year survival rate and difficulty in early detection.At present,the incidence and mortality of pancreatic cancer are increasing year by year worldwide,no matter in the United States,Europe,Japan,or China.Globally,the incidence of pancreatic cancer is projected to increase to 18.6 per 100000 in 2050,with the average annual growth of 1.1%,meaning that pancreatic cancer will pose a significant public health burden.Due to the special anatomical location of the pancreas,the development of pancreatic cancer is usually diagnosed at a late stage with obvious clinical symptoms.Therefore,a comprehensive understanding of the risk factors for pancreatic cancer is of great clinical significance for effective prevention of pancreatic cancer.In this paper,the epidemiological characteristics,developmental trends,and risk factors of pancreatic cancer are reviewed and analyzed in detail.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12274356,22275081)Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Laboratory Medicine(Putian University)(No.PALM 202206)+1 种基金Fujian Province University,the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.20720220022)the 111 Project(No.B16029)。
文摘It is well-established that high carbonization temperature will trigger the enzyme-like activity of carbon-based materials.However,the catalytic mechanism is still ambiguous,which hinders the further rational design of nanomaterials as enzyme mimics.Hereby,N,S-rich carbonized wool nanosheets(CWs)were synthesized at different pyrolysis temperatures.As expected,only CWs treated with high-temperature possess intrinsic oxidase-and peroxidase-like activities.Meanwhile,density functional theory(DFT)calculations demonstrate that graphitic nitrogen and the co-existence of nitrogen and sulfur in the carbon matrix serve as the active sites for the enzyme-like process.More importantly,combining theoretical calculations and experimental observations,the high-temperature triggered catalytic mechanism can be ascribed to the fact that an appropriate high-temperature maximizes the graphitization degree to a certain extent,at which most of the catalytic active sites are well retained rather than evaporating.Moreover,coupling with excellent photothermal conversion efficiency and catalytic performance,CWs can be applied to photothermal-catalytic cancer therapy under near-infrared region(NIR)light irradiation.We believe this work will contribute to understanding the catalytic mechanism of carbon-based nanozymes and promote the development of new biomedical and pharmaceutical applications.
