Objective:To analyze the chemical composition and to evaluate the bioactive potential of hydroalocoholic extract of propolis.Methods:Ethanol extract of propolis was analyzed by GCMS,HPTLC and HPLC methods and in vitro...Objective:To analyze the chemical composition and to evaluate the bioactive potential of hydroalocoholic extract of propolis.Methods:Ethanol extract of propolis was analyzed by GCMS,HPTLC and HPLC methods and in vitro antioxidant,anticholinesterase and cytotoxicity assay were performed.Remits:GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of fatty acids,alcohols, and quercetin.Quercetin was identified and quantified by HPTLC and HPLC methods.Dose dependent DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of hydroalcoholic extract of propolis was calculated as 16.20 and 34.33 μg/mL respectively.Inhibition of lipid peroxidation was significant and the IC_(50) value was calculated as 55.56 μg/mL.Anticholinesterase activity was less observed.The cytotoxic activity against both breast(MCF-7) and lung cancer(A543) cell lines were significant and the IC_(50)value was calculated as 10 and 13 μg/mL respectively.Conclusions: These findings showed that bioactive compounds present in propolis will alleviate many diseases and can be used for better human health.展开更多
Hypsizygus ulmarius polysaccharide(HUP)is a water-soluble polysaccharide obtained by hot water extraction,followed by precipitation and deproteinization.The characteristics of HUP,antioxidant activity and liver protec...Hypsizygus ulmarius polysaccharide(HUP)is a water-soluble polysaccharide obtained by hot water extraction,followed by precipitation and deproteinization.The characteristics of HUP,antioxidant activity and liver protection against alcohol-induced liver damage were studied.Structural characteristics indicate that the HUP is a pyran-type polysaccharide with a molecular weight of 2076 Da.In antioxidant scavenging assay,HUP showed moderate DMPD radical scavenging activity,cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity and inhibitory effect against lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner.Regarding in vivo hepatoprotective activity,compared with the ethanol induction group,pre-treatment of low and high doses of HUP signifi cantly reduced the behaviours of serum enzymes,lowered the levels of hepatic oxidative stress markers,restored the levels of biochemical constituents,enhanced the levels of liver and serum enzymatic antioxidants and non-enzymatic antioxidants,and improved the serum lipid levels of alcohol-intoxicated rats.The hepatoprotective effect of HUP was comparable to positive control silymarin.Besides,HUP pre-treatment signifi cantly normalized the histopathological changes induced by ethanol.The results indicate that HUP could be used as a functional food and may protect the biological system from oxidative stress through its antioxidant activity,thus having a signifi cant protective effect on acute alcoholic liver injury.展开更多
Aluminum antimony seems to be a promising semiconducting material for high temperature applications, especially for transistors and P-N junction diodes. Additionally, it is a highly efficient solar material. This pape...Aluminum antimony seems to be a promising semiconducting material for high temperature applications, especially for transistors and P-N junction diodes. Additionally, it is a highly efficient solar material. This paper discusses the plasma induced bilayer diffusion of A1Sb bilayer thin films using X-ray diffractogram. A1Sb bilayer thin films were prepared on a glass substrate by vacuum evaporation technique. The effect of plasma exposure time and annealing temperature on the micro-structural parameters were investigated. X-ray diffraction studies show that the cubic crystals of A1 orient along the （111） plane and the hexagonal crystals of Sb orient along the （003） plane. Newly formed cubic crystals of A1Sb are oriented along the （200） plane and they are formed due to the simultaneous growth of A1 and Sb crystals during plasma exposure.展开更多
Objective:To analyse the chemical composition and evaluation of antioxidant,cytotoxic and DN A fragmentation activities of essential oil of Feronia elephantum Correa.Methods:Chemical composition analysis of hydrodisti...Objective:To analyse the chemical composition and evaluation of antioxidant,cytotoxic and DN A fragmentation activities of essential oil of Feronia elephantum Correa.Methods:Chemical composition analysis of hydrodistilled essential oil was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and in vitro antioxidant activity of oil was determined by DPPH free radical,hydroxyly radical scavenging,metal chelating and prevention of deoxyribose degradation.Cytotoxicity and ONA fragmentation activities against breast cancer cells(MCF-7)were also analyzed.Resnlts:Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of 24compounds with caryophyllene oxide(62.29%)as major compound.A considerable antioxidant,cyotoxic and DN A fragmentation activities of oils was observed.Conclusiolis:The result of this study clearly indicates oil could be useful for food preservation and preparation.展开更多
Custard apple is a dry land fruit.Its leaves exhibit different pharmacological activities.In the present study,both silver(Ag)nanoparticles and chitosan-coated Ag(Chi-Ag)nanoparticles were fabricated using the aqueous...Custard apple is a dry land fruit.Its leaves exhibit different pharmacological activities.In the present study,both silver(Ag)nanoparticles and chitosan-coated Ag(Chi-Ag)nanoparticles were fabricated using the aqueous leaf extract of the custard apple plant.During preliminary phytochemical analysis,various types of phytocompounds were found in the aqueous leaf extract of the same plant.Next,both nanoparticles were physiochemically characterized.FTIR analysis exhibited the fingerprint vibrational peaks of active bioactive compounds in plant extract,Ag nanoparticles,and Chi-Ag nanoparticles.UV/Visible spectral analysis revealed the highest absorbance peak at 419 nm,indicating the presence of Ag nanoparticles.XRD analysis presented the face-centered cubic(FCC)structure of both prepared nanomaterials.Further,the average crystalline size of both Ag nanoparticles and Chi-Ag nanoparticles was calculated to be 23 and 74 nm,respectively.FESEM analysis showed the spherical and cubical shapes of Ag nanoparticles and Chi-Ag nanoparticles,respectively.EDS analysis indicated a peak around 3.29 keV,conforming to the binding energies of Ag ions.The biogenic nanomaterial also showed strong antibacterial activity against all tested bacterial pathogens.展开更多
A series of substituted 2-(2-hydroxyphenylimino) phenolic (salen) derivatives (1-4) have been synthesized and their structures of obtained compound were characterized by analytical, FT-IR, UV-Vis and 13C{1H}-NMR exper...A series of substituted 2-(2-hydroxyphenylimino) phenolic (salen) derivatives (1-4) have been synthesized and their structures of obtained compound were characterized by analytical, FT-IR, UV-Vis and 13C{1H}-NMR experimentally. The geometry structure optimization, frequencies (IR), NMR, electronic character, frontier molecular orbital (HOMO-LUMO) and first static hyperpolarizability (βtot) studies of reported compounds were calculated using DFT with B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level of theory. The calculated HOMO and LUMO energies showed that charge transfer occurs within the molecule and from the MEP, the molecular stability and bond strength have been explained. In addition to that influence of energy gap (?Egap) between the HOMO-LUMO orbitals on the first static hyperpolarizability (βtot), we calculated the ?Egap for all the salen compounds. These results reveals that the smaller HOMO-LUMO ?Egap is, larger the βtot is.展开更多
Background:Hard mineral and acid salt deposits that clump together in concentrated urine are known as kidney stones.A complicated chain of physicochemical events,including hyper saturation,nucleation,growth,aggrega-ti...Background:Hard mineral and acid salt deposits that clump together in concentrated urine are known as kidney stones.A complicated chain of physicochemical events,including hyper saturation,nucleation,growth,aggrega-tion,and retention in the urinary tract,leads to urolithiasis,the third most prevalent urinary tract issue.Numerous traditional medications and therapies are less successful in treating urolithiasis and frequently cause recurrences.Objective:The present study is focused on evaluating the anti-urolithiasis activities of the polyherbal formulation prepared from Spinacia oleracea L.and Coriandrum sativum L.seeds.Methods:To evaluating the anti-urolithiasis activities of the polyherbal formulation prepared from S.oleracea and C.sativum seeds against oxalate crystals by employing an in vitro inhibition,aggregation,and nucleation assay,employing a spectrophotometer followed by microscopic observation,and further monitored by egg semiperme-able membrane model,using cystone as a standard drug.Results:In the present work,the alkaloids,glycosides,flavonoids,glycosides,phenols,saponins,steroids,tannins,terpenoids,and triterpenoids were found in the extracts of S.oleracea and C.sativum.The in vitro assays in the present study clearly indicated that all the mixture extracts readily prevented crystal nucleation,growth and ag-gregation.The aqueous extract of the mixture inhibited significant inhibitory potential against the crystallization process.Conclusion:It can be said that the phyto-constituents enriched homemade preparation possibly will be used as a medication for the management of kidney stones by dissolving the oxalate stone in the kidney.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the anticancer activity of the methanolic extract of Cyathula prostrata in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma(EAC)-bearing mice with methotrexate as positive control in the advanced stage of tumorigenesis...Objective:To evaluate the anticancer activity of the methanolic extract of Cyathula prostrata in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma(EAC)-bearing mice with methotrexate as positive control in the advanced stage of tumorigenesis.Methods:EAC was induced in swiss albino mice by injecting10~6 cell/mL of tumor cell suspension intraperitoneal.The methanolic extract of Cyathula prostrata effect on the tumor cell viability,DNA fragmentation and MTT assay were carried out.Results:Methanolic extract attenuated percentage increased in the cell survival lime when compared to control group.However,the effect was less than that of methotrexat.Methotrexat and the extracts reversed the tumor-induced alterations in UNA fragmentation and MTT assay.Conclusions:The present study suggests that the methanol extract of Cyathula prostrata has significant anticancer activity and that is comparable to that of methotrexate.展开更多
In this paper, we introduce the notion of αδ-US spaces. Also we study the concepts of αδ-convergence, sequentially αδ-compactness, sequentially αδ-continunity and sequentially αδ-sub-continuity and derive so...In this paper, we introduce the notion of αδ-US spaces. Also we study the concepts of αδ-convergence, sequentially αδ-compactness, sequentially αδ-continunity and sequentially αδ-sub-continuity and derive some of their properties.展开更多
In the present work, flower-like CuO nanostructures were synthesized by reflux condensation method without using any surfactants or templates. Structural analysis by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, Fourier transform infrar...In the present work, flower-like CuO nanostructures were synthesized by reflux condensation method without using any surfactants or templates. Structural analysis by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR） and Raman studies revealed the formation of highly crystalline single phase CuO, exhibiting monoclinic structure. Morphological analysis by field emission scanning electron microscopy （FESEM） showed flower-shaped CuO hierarchical architecture made up of interpenetrating self-assembled nanosheets. Optical analysis by UV-Vis diffused reflectance spectra （DRS） exhibited considerable blue-shift in the optical band gap due to quantum confinement effect. Photoluminescence （PL） spectrum showed both UV as well as visible emissions. The antibacterial activity of flower-shaped CuO nanostructures were tested against gram-positive （Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis） and gram-negative （Salmonella paratyphi, Salmonella paratyphi-a, Salmonella paratyphi-b, Escherichia coil and Pseudomonas aeruginosa） bacteria. Also, the antifungal activity of CuO was investigated against Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus oryzae, Aspergi/lus flavus, Cladosporium carrionii, Mucor, Penicilliurn notatum and Alternaria alternata. Results demonstrate that the flower-shaped CuO nanostructures act as an effective antimicrobial agent against pathogenic bacteria and fungi.展开更多
AIM: Many oxidative stress-related diseases occur as a result of the accumulation of free radicals in the body. Free radicals are generated by various endogenous systems, exposure to different physiochemical condition...AIM: Many oxidative stress-related diseases occur as a result of the accumulation of free radicals in the body. Free radicals are generated by various endogenous systems, exposure to different physiochemical conditions, or pathological states. A balance between free radicals and antioxidants is necessary for appropriate physiological function. A lot of studies are going on worldwide directed towards finding natural antioxidants of plant origin. FTIR spectroscopy is used to develop a rapid and effective analytical method for studying the main constituents in medicinal plants. The chemical constituents in the plants were identified and monitored for their medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activities and FTIR spectroscopic analysis of the ethanolic extract of Evolvulus alsinoides. METHOD: Free radical scavenging activity of ethanolic extract of the whole plant of E. alsinoides was evaluated by in vitro methods, including total antioxidant assay(FRAP method) and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity using ascorbic acid as a standard. The degree of lipid peroxidation was examined by estimating the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS) using standard methods and the functional groups were analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy. The IR spectrum in the mid-infrared region 4 000–400 cm–1 was used for discriminatio and to identify various functional groups present in E. alsinoides. RESULTS: The findings indicated the presence of amino acids, amides, amines, carboxylic acids, carbonyl compounds, organic hydrocarbons, and halogens in the ethanolic extract of E. alsinoides, and the antioxidant activities were significantly increased, when compared with the standard antioxidant ascorbic acid, in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: The findings indicated promising antioxidant activity of the crude extract of E. alsinoides, and needs further exploration for their potential effective use.展开更多
This study reports radiological deformities in the vertebral column of six fishes viz,Scomberomorus commerson,Chanos chanos,Sillago sihama,Pampus chinensis,Rastrelliger kanagurta and Netuma thalassina that were collec...This study reports radiological deformities in the vertebral column of six fishes viz,Scomberomorus commerson,Chanos chanos,Sillago sihama,Pampus chinensis,Rastrelliger kanagurta and Netuma thalassina that were collected from the Coromandel coast,Bay of Bengal.Four main different types of vertebral column deformities were found:(i)whole body kypho-lordo-kyphosis(Sillago sihama,Rastrelliger kanagurta,Netuma thalassina);(ii)tail region kypho-lordosis(Scomberomorus commerson);(iii)tail region lordo-kyphosis(Chanos chanos);(iv)platyspondyly(Pampus chinensis).Seven types of vertebra body deformities,describing the pathology of single vertebrae,were present;reduced intervertebral space,compression,fusion,compresion&fusion,fusion center,dorsal wedge-shaped and compressed&dorsal wed-shaped.The present documentation of deformities in six different species that are also very different with regard to habitat,diet and swimming activity may suggest that fish deformities are widespread in the study area.展开更多
Cadmium oxide （CdO） thin films were prepared by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction （SILAR） method and annealed at 250-450 ℃ for 2 h. The prepared films were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）,...Cadmium oxide （CdO） thin films were prepared by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction （SILAR） method and annealed at 250-450 ℃ for 2 h. The prepared films were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, optical spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and Hall effect measurement. The XRD analysis reveals that the films were polycrystalline with cubic structure. Both crystallinity and the grain size were found to increase with increasing annealing temperature. SEM analysis shows the porous nature of the surface with spherical nanoclusters. Energy dispersive spectroscopic analysis （EDS） confirmed the presence of Cd and O elements without any additional impurities. The films exhibited maximum transmittance （82%-86%） in infra-red （IR） region. Transmittance was found to decrease with increasing annealing temperature （Eg） was in the range of 2.24-2.44 eV. Hall effect measurement shows an and the estimated band gap energy ncrease in carrier concentration and a decrease in resistivity with increasing annealing temperature. The carrier concentration （N） and resistivity （p） of about 1.26 × 1022 cm-3 and 8.71 × 10 3 Ω cm are achieved for the film annealed at 450 ℃ for 2 h.展开更多
基金Supported by the Kongunadu Arts and Science College Research and Development Council
文摘Objective:To analyze the chemical composition and to evaluate the bioactive potential of hydroalocoholic extract of propolis.Methods:Ethanol extract of propolis was analyzed by GCMS,HPTLC and HPLC methods and in vitro antioxidant,anticholinesterase and cytotoxicity assay were performed.Remits:GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of fatty acids,alcohols, and quercetin.Quercetin was identified and quantified by HPTLC and HPLC methods.Dose dependent DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of hydroalcoholic extract of propolis was calculated as 16.20 and 34.33 μg/mL respectively.Inhibition of lipid peroxidation was significant and the IC_(50) value was calculated as 55.56 μg/mL.Anticholinesterase activity was less observed.The cytotoxic activity against both breast(MCF-7) and lung cancer(A543) cell lines were significant and the IC_(50)value was calculated as 10 and 13 μg/mL respectively.Conclusions: These findings showed that bioactive compounds present in propolis will alleviate many diseases and can be used for better human health.
文摘Hypsizygus ulmarius polysaccharide(HUP)is a water-soluble polysaccharide obtained by hot water extraction,followed by precipitation and deproteinization.The characteristics of HUP,antioxidant activity and liver protection against alcohol-induced liver damage were studied.Structural characteristics indicate that the HUP is a pyran-type polysaccharide with a molecular weight of 2076 Da.In antioxidant scavenging assay,HUP showed moderate DMPD radical scavenging activity,cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity and inhibitory effect against lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner.Regarding in vivo hepatoprotective activity,compared with the ethanol induction group,pre-treatment of low and high doses of HUP signifi cantly reduced the behaviours of serum enzymes,lowered the levels of hepatic oxidative stress markers,restored the levels of biochemical constituents,enhanced the levels of liver and serum enzymatic antioxidants and non-enzymatic antioxidants,and improved the serum lipid levels of alcohol-intoxicated rats.The hepatoprotective effect of HUP was comparable to positive control silymarin.Besides,HUP pre-treatment signifi cantly normalized the histopathological changes induced by ethanol.The results indicate that HUP could be used as a functional food and may protect the biological system from oxidative stress through its antioxidant activity,thus having a signifi cant protective effect on acute alcoholic liver injury.
文摘Aluminum antimony seems to be a promising semiconducting material for high temperature applications, especially for transistors and P-N junction diodes. Additionally, it is a highly efficient solar material. This paper discusses the plasma induced bilayer diffusion of A1Sb bilayer thin films using X-ray diffractogram. A1Sb bilayer thin films were prepared on a glass substrate by vacuum evaporation technique. The effect of plasma exposure time and annealing temperature on the micro-structural parameters were investigated. X-ray diffraction studies show that the cubic crystals of A1 orient along the （111） plane and the hexagonal crystals of Sb orient along the （003） plane. Newly formed cubic crystals of A1Sb are oriented along the （200） plane and they are formed due to the simultaneous growth of A1 and Sb crystals during plasma exposure.
基金Supported by PG and Research Department of Biotechnology,Kongunadu Arts and Science College(Grant No.ARF-KASC,5/2012)
文摘Objective:To analyse the chemical composition and evaluation of antioxidant,cytotoxic and DN A fragmentation activities of essential oil of Feronia elephantum Correa.Methods:Chemical composition analysis of hydrodistilled essential oil was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and in vitro antioxidant activity of oil was determined by DPPH free radical,hydroxyly radical scavenging,metal chelating and prevention of deoxyribose degradation.Cytotoxicity and ONA fragmentation activities against breast cancer cells(MCF-7)were also analyzed.Resnlts:Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of 24compounds with caryophyllene oxide(62.29%)as major compound.A considerable antioxidant,cyotoxic and DN A fragmentation activities of oils was observed.Conclusiolis:The result of this study clearly indicates oil could be useful for food preservation and preparation.
基金The authors would like to thank Department of Science and Technology(DST-FIST),India for the grants provided(Grant No.DST-FIST/120/2012)to establish laboratory facilities at Department of Biotechnology,Kongunadu Arts and Science College,Coimbatore,Tamilnadu,IndiaDr.Piyush Kumar Gupta is thankful to the Department of Life Sciences,School of Basic Sciences and Research,Sharda University for providing the infrastructure and facility+2 种基金Walaa F.Alsanie would like to acknowledge Taif University TURSP Program(TURSP-2020/53)for fundingVijay Kumar Thakur would also like to thank the research support provided by the Royal Academy of Engineering(IAPP18-19\295)UKIERI(DST/INT/UK/P-164/2017).
文摘Custard apple is a dry land fruit.Its leaves exhibit different pharmacological activities.In the present study,both silver(Ag)nanoparticles and chitosan-coated Ag(Chi-Ag)nanoparticles were fabricated using the aqueous leaf extract of the custard apple plant.During preliminary phytochemical analysis,various types of phytocompounds were found in the aqueous leaf extract of the same plant.Next,both nanoparticles were physiochemically characterized.FTIR analysis exhibited the fingerprint vibrational peaks of active bioactive compounds in plant extract,Ag nanoparticles,and Chi-Ag nanoparticles.UV/Visible spectral analysis revealed the highest absorbance peak at 419 nm,indicating the presence of Ag nanoparticles.XRD analysis presented the face-centered cubic(FCC)structure of both prepared nanomaterials.Further,the average crystalline size of both Ag nanoparticles and Chi-Ag nanoparticles was calculated to be 23 and 74 nm,respectively.FESEM analysis showed the spherical and cubical shapes of Ag nanoparticles and Chi-Ag nanoparticles,respectively.EDS analysis indicated a peak around 3.29 keV,conforming to the binding energies of Ag ions.The biogenic nanomaterial also showed strong antibacterial activity against all tested bacterial pathogens.
文摘A series of substituted 2-(2-hydroxyphenylimino) phenolic (salen) derivatives (1-4) have been synthesized and their structures of obtained compound were characterized by analytical, FT-IR, UV-Vis and 13C{1H}-NMR experimentally. The geometry structure optimization, frequencies (IR), NMR, electronic character, frontier molecular orbital (HOMO-LUMO) and first static hyperpolarizability (βtot) studies of reported compounds were calculated using DFT with B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level of theory. The calculated HOMO and LUMO energies showed that charge transfer occurs within the molecule and from the MEP, the molecular stability and bond strength have been explained. In addition to that influence of energy gap (?Egap) between the HOMO-LUMO orbitals on the first static hyperpolarizability (βtot), we calculated the ?Egap for all the salen compounds. These results reveals that the smaller HOMO-LUMO ?Egap is, larger the βtot is.
文摘Background:Hard mineral and acid salt deposits that clump together in concentrated urine are known as kidney stones.A complicated chain of physicochemical events,including hyper saturation,nucleation,growth,aggrega-tion,and retention in the urinary tract,leads to urolithiasis,the third most prevalent urinary tract issue.Numerous traditional medications and therapies are less successful in treating urolithiasis and frequently cause recurrences.Objective:The present study is focused on evaluating the anti-urolithiasis activities of the polyherbal formulation prepared from Spinacia oleracea L.and Coriandrum sativum L.seeds.Methods:To evaluating the anti-urolithiasis activities of the polyherbal formulation prepared from S.oleracea and C.sativum seeds against oxalate crystals by employing an in vitro inhibition,aggregation,and nucleation assay,employing a spectrophotometer followed by microscopic observation,and further monitored by egg semiperme-able membrane model,using cystone as a standard drug.Results:In the present work,the alkaloids,glycosides,flavonoids,glycosides,phenols,saponins,steroids,tannins,terpenoids,and triterpenoids were found in the extracts of S.oleracea and C.sativum.The in vitro assays in the present study clearly indicated that all the mixture extracts readily prevented crystal nucleation,growth and ag-gregation.The aqueous extract of the mixture inhibited significant inhibitory potential against the crystallization process.Conclusion:It can be said that the phyto-constituents enriched homemade preparation possibly will be used as a medication for the management of kidney stones by dissolving the oxalate stone in the kidney.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the anticancer activity of the methanolic extract of Cyathula prostrata in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma(EAC)-bearing mice with methotrexate as positive control in the advanced stage of tumorigenesis.Methods:EAC was induced in swiss albino mice by injecting10~6 cell/mL of tumor cell suspension intraperitoneal.The methanolic extract of Cyathula prostrata effect on the tumor cell viability,DNA fragmentation and MTT assay were carried out.Results:Methanolic extract attenuated percentage increased in the cell survival lime when compared to control group.However,the effect was less than that of methotrexat.Methotrexat and the extracts reversed the tumor-induced alterations in UNA fragmentation and MTT assay.Conclusions:The present study suggests that the methanol extract of Cyathula prostrata has significant anticancer activity and that is comparable to that of methotrexate.
文摘In this paper, we introduce the notion of αδ-US spaces. Also we study the concepts of αδ-convergence, sequentially αδ-compactness, sequentially αδ-continunity and sequentially αδ-sub-continuity and derive some of their properties.
文摘In the present work, flower-like CuO nanostructures were synthesized by reflux condensation method without using any surfactants or templates. Structural analysis by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR） and Raman studies revealed the formation of highly crystalline single phase CuO, exhibiting monoclinic structure. Morphological analysis by field emission scanning electron microscopy （FESEM） showed flower-shaped CuO hierarchical architecture made up of interpenetrating self-assembled nanosheets. Optical analysis by UV-Vis diffused reflectance spectra （DRS） exhibited considerable blue-shift in the optical band gap due to quantum confinement effect. Photoluminescence （PL） spectrum showed both UV as well as visible emissions. The antibacterial activity of flower-shaped CuO nanostructures were tested against gram-positive （Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis） and gram-negative （Salmonella paratyphi, Salmonella paratyphi-a, Salmonella paratyphi-b, Escherichia coil and Pseudomonas aeruginosa） bacteria. Also, the antifungal activity of CuO was investigated against Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus oryzae, Aspergi/lus flavus, Cladosporium carrionii, Mucor, Penicilliurn notatum and Alternaria alternata. Results demonstrate that the flower-shaped CuO nanostructures act as an effective antimicrobial agent against pathogenic bacteria and fungi.
文摘AIM: Many oxidative stress-related diseases occur as a result of the accumulation of free radicals in the body. Free radicals are generated by various endogenous systems, exposure to different physiochemical conditions, or pathological states. A balance between free radicals and antioxidants is necessary for appropriate physiological function. A lot of studies are going on worldwide directed towards finding natural antioxidants of plant origin. FTIR spectroscopy is used to develop a rapid and effective analytical method for studying the main constituents in medicinal plants. The chemical constituents in the plants were identified and monitored for their medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activities and FTIR spectroscopic analysis of the ethanolic extract of Evolvulus alsinoides. METHOD: Free radical scavenging activity of ethanolic extract of the whole plant of E. alsinoides was evaluated by in vitro methods, including total antioxidant assay(FRAP method) and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity using ascorbic acid as a standard. The degree of lipid peroxidation was examined by estimating the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS) using standard methods and the functional groups were analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy. The IR spectrum in the mid-infrared region 4 000–400 cm–1 was used for discriminatio and to identify various functional groups present in E. alsinoides. RESULTS: The findings indicated the presence of amino acids, amides, amines, carboxylic acids, carbonyl compounds, organic hydrocarbons, and halogens in the ethanolic extract of E. alsinoides, and the antioxidant activities were significantly increased, when compared with the standard antioxidant ascorbic acid, in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: The findings indicated promising antioxidant activity of the crude extract of E. alsinoides, and needs further exploration for their potential effective use.
文摘This study reports radiological deformities in the vertebral column of six fishes viz,Scomberomorus commerson,Chanos chanos,Sillago sihama,Pampus chinensis,Rastrelliger kanagurta and Netuma thalassina that were collected from the Coromandel coast,Bay of Bengal.Four main different types of vertebral column deformities were found:(i)whole body kypho-lordo-kyphosis(Sillago sihama,Rastrelliger kanagurta,Netuma thalassina);(ii)tail region kypho-lordosis(Scomberomorus commerson);(iii)tail region lordo-kyphosis(Chanos chanos);(iv)platyspondyly(Pampus chinensis).Seven types of vertebra body deformities,describing the pathology of single vertebrae,were present;reduced intervertebral space,compression,fusion,compresion&fusion,fusion center,dorsal wedge-shaped and compressed&dorsal wed-shaped.The present documentation of deformities in six different species that are also very different with regard to habitat,diet and swimming activity may suggest that fish deformities are widespread in the study area.
文摘Cadmium oxide （CdO） thin films were prepared by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction （SILAR） method and annealed at 250-450 ℃ for 2 h. The prepared films were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, optical spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and Hall effect measurement. The XRD analysis reveals that the films were polycrystalline with cubic structure. Both crystallinity and the grain size were found to increase with increasing annealing temperature. SEM analysis shows the porous nature of the surface with spherical nanoclusters. Energy dispersive spectroscopic analysis （EDS） confirmed the presence of Cd and O elements without any additional impurities. The films exhibited maximum transmittance （82%-86%） in infra-red （IR） region. Transmittance was found to decrease with increasing annealing temperature （Eg） was in the range of 2.24-2.44 eV. Hall effect measurement shows an and the estimated band gap energy ncrease in carrier concentration and a decrease in resistivity with increasing annealing temperature. The carrier concentration （N） and resistivity （p） of about 1.26 × 1022 cm-3 and 8.71 × 10 3 Ω cm are achieved for the film annealed at 450 ℃ for 2 h.
