The present study aimed to determine the effect of wearing a face mask during aerobic dance exercise on cognitive function,more specifically on attention,as well as on perceived exertion and mood states.Thirteen healt...The present study aimed to determine the effect of wearing a face mask during aerobic dance exercise on cognitive function,more specifically on attention,as well as on perceived exertion and mood states.Thirteen healthy college students(9 males and 4 females:mean age=17.5 years,height=1.72 m,weight=71.00 kg)volunteered to participate in this study.They were randomized to perform aerobic dance exercise while wearing a cloth face mask or no mask or a control condition(sitting on a comfortable chair and reading information about the health benefits of aerobic dance exercise)on three separate occasions(with at least one week of interval).Rate of perceived exertion(RPE),the Brunel Mood Scale(BRUMS)and d2 Attention assessment were assessed before and immediately after each condition.The results demonstrated higher concentration performance for the aerobic dance exercise without face mask than the control condition(p=0.05).Post RPE and BRUMS fatigue subscale values were significantly higher in the aerobic dance exercise with face mask as compared to the aerobic dance exercise without face mask and control condition(all,p<0.05).BRUMS vigor subscale value significantly differed across conditions(F=113.84,p<0.001,ES=0.86)and was significantly higher in the aerobic dance exercise group without face mask as compared to the aerobic dance exercise with face mask and the control conditions(both,p<0.001).This study suggests that face mask use during aerobic dance exercise with moderate intensity did not affect attention.Practitioners,students and athletes should avoid wearing face mask while practicing physical activity or aerobic dance exercise with moderate intensity to improve its acute effect on cognitive function.展开更多
The recent mpox outbreak(in 2022e2023)has different clinical and epidemiological features compared with previous outbreaks of the disease.During this outbreak,sexual contact was believed to be the primary transmission...The recent mpox outbreak(in 2022e2023)has different clinical and epidemiological features compared with previous outbreaks of the disease.During this outbreak,sexual contact was believed to be the primary transmission route of the disease.In addition,the community of men having sex with men(MSM)was disproportionately affected by the outbreak.This population is also disproportionately affected by HIV infection.Given that both diseases can be transmitted sexually,the endemicity of HIV,and the high sexual behavior associated with the MSM community,it is essential to understand the effect of the two diseases spreading simultaneously in an MSM population.Particularly,we aim to understand the potential effects of HIV on an mpox outbreak in the MSM population.We develop a mechanistic mathematical model of HIV and mpox co-infection.Our model incorporates the dynamics of both diseases and considers HIV treatment with antiretroviral therapy(ART).In addition,we consider a potential scenario where HIV infection increases susceptibility to mpox,and investigate the potential impact of this mechanism on mpox dynamics.Our analysis shows that HIV can facilitate the spread of mpox in an MSM population,and that HIV treatment with ART may not be sufficient to control the spread of mpox in the population.However,we showed that a moderate use of condoms or reduction in sexual contact in the population combined with ART is beneficial in controlling mpox transmission.Based on our analysis,it is evident that effective control of HIV,specifically through substantial ART use,moderate condom compliance,and reduction in sexual contact,is imperative for curtailing the transmission of mpox in an MSM population and mitigating the compounding impact of these intertwined epidemics.展开更多
In July 2023,the Center of Excellence in Respiratory Pathogens organized a two-day workshop on infectious diseases modelling and the lessons learnt from the Covid-19 pandemic.This report summarizes the rich discussion...In July 2023,the Center of Excellence in Respiratory Pathogens organized a two-day workshop on infectious diseases modelling and the lessons learnt from the Covid-19 pandemic.This report summarizes the rich discussions that occurred during the workshop.The workshop participants discussed multisource data integration and highlighted the benefits of combining traditional surveillance with more novel data sources like mobility data,social media,and wastewater monitoring.Significant advancements were noted in the development of predictive models,with examples from various countries showcasing the use of machine learning and artificial intelligence in detecting and monitoring disease trends.The role of open collaboration between various stakeholders in modelling was stressed,advocating for the continuation of such partnerships beyond the pandemic.A major gap identified was the absence of a common international framework for data sharing,which is crucial for global pandemic preparedness.Overall,the workshop underscored the need for robust,adaptable modelling frameworks and the integration of different data sources and collaboration across sectors,as key elements in enhancing future pandemic response and preparedness.展开更多
COVID-19 has been prevalent worldwide for about 2 years now and has brought unprecedented challenges to our society.Before vaccines were available,the main disease intervention strategies were non-pharmaceutical.Start...COVID-19 has been prevalent worldwide for about 2 years now and has brought unprecedented challenges to our society.Before vaccines were available,the main disease intervention strategies were non-pharmaceutical.Starting December 2020,in Ontario,Canada,vaccines were approved for administering to vulnerable individuals and gradually expanded to all individuals above the age of 12.As the vaccine coverage reached a satisfactory level among the eligible population,normal social activities resumed and schools reopened starting September 2021.However,when schools reopen for in-person learning,children under the age of 12 are unvaccinated and are at higher risks of contracting the virus.We propose an age-stratified model based on the age and vaccine eligibility of the individuals.We fit our model to the data in Ontario,Canada and obtain a good fitting result.The results show that a relaxed between-group contact rate may trigger future epidemic waves more easily than an increased within-group contact rate.An increasing mixed contact rate of the older group quickly amplifies the daily incidence numbers for both groups whereas an increasing mixed contact rate of the younger group mainly leads to future waves in the younger group alone.The results indicate the importance of accelerating vaccine rollout for younger individuals in mitigating disease spread.展开更多
The breast milk of HIV infected women contains HIV virus particles,therefore children can become infected through breastfeeding.We develop a mathematical epidemiological model of HIV infection in infants,infected chil...The breast milk of HIV infected women contains HIV virus particles,therefore children can become infected through breastfeeding.We develop a mathematical epidemiological model of HIV infection in infants,infected children and infected women that represents infection of an infant/child as a series of exposures,by incorporating within-host virus dynamics in the individuals exposed to the virus through breastfeeding.We show that repeated exposures of the infant/child via breastfeeding can cause bi-stability dynamics and,subsequently,infection persistence even when the epidemiological basic reproduction number R0 is less than unity.This feature of the model,due to a backward bifurcation,gives new insight into the control mechanisms of HIV disease through breastfeeding.展开更多
文摘The present study aimed to determine the effect of wearing a face mask during aerobic dance exercise on cognitive function,more specifically on attention,as well as on perceived exertion and mood states.Thirteen healthy college students(9 males and 4 females:mean age=17.5 years,height=1.72 m,weight=71.00 kg)volunteered to participate in this study.They were randomized to perform aerobic dance exercise while wearing a cloth face mask or no mask or a control condition(sitting on a comfortable chair and reading information about the health benefits of aerobic dance exercise)on three separate occasions(with at least one week of interval).Rate of perceived exertion(RPE),the Brunel Mood Scale(BRUMS)and d2 Attention assessment were assessed before and immediately after each condition.The results demonstrated higher concentration performance for the aerobic dance exercise without face mask than the control condition(p=0.05).Post RPE and BRUMS fatigue subscale values were significantly higher in the aerobic dance exercise with face mask as compared to the aerobic dance exercise without face mask and control condition(all,p<0.05).BRUMS vigor subscale value significantly differed across conditions(F=113.84,p<0.001,ES=0.86)and was significantly higher in the aerobic dance exercise group without face mask as compared to the aerobic dance exercise with face mask and the control conditions(both,p<0.001).This study suggests that face mask use during aerobic dance exercise with moderate intensity did not affect attention.Practitioners,students and athletes should avoid wearing face mask while practicing physical activity or aerobic dance exercise with moderate intensity to improve its acute effect on cognitive function.
基金funded by the Canadian Institute for Health Research(CIHR)under the Mpox and other zoonotic threats Team Grant(FRN.187246)financial support from the NSERC Discovery Grant(Appl No.:RGPIN-2023-05100)+2 种基金support from IDRC(Grant No.109981)support from NSERC Discovery Grant(Grant No.RGPIN-2022-04559),NSERC Discovery Launch Supplement(Grant No:DGECR-2022-00454)New Frontier in Research Fund-Exploratory(Grant No.NFRFE-2021-00879).
文摘The recent mpox outbreak(in 2022e2023)has different clinical and epidemiological features compared with previous outbreaks of the disease.During this outbreak,sexual contact was believed to be the primary transmission route of the disease.In addition,the community of men having sex with men(MSM)was disproportionately affected by the outbreak.This population is also disproportionately affected by HIV infection.Given that both diseases can be transmitted sexually,the endemicity of HIV,and the high sexual behavior associated with the MSM community,it is essential to understand the effect of the two diseases spreading simultaneously in an MSM population.Particularly,we aim to understand the potential effects of HIV on an mpox outbreak in the MSM population.We develop a mechanistic mathematical model of HIV and mpox co-infection.Our model incorporates the dynamics of both diseases and considers HIV treatment with antiretroviral therapy(ART).In addition,we consider a potential scenario where HIV infection increases susceptibility to mpox,and investigate the potential impact of this mechanism on mpox dynamics.Our analysis shows that HIV can facilitate the spread of mpox in an MSM population,and that HIV treatment with ART may not be sufficient to control the spread of mpox in the population.However,we showed that a moderate use of condoms or reduction in sexual contact in the population combined with ART is beneficial in controlling mpox transmission.Based on our analysis,it is evident that effective control of HIV,specifically through substantial ART use,moderate condom compliance,and reduction in sexual contact,is imperative for curtailing the transmission of mpox in an MSM population and mitigating the compounding impact of these intertwined epidemics.
文摘In July 2023,the Center of Excellence in Respiratory Pathogens organized a two-day workshop on infectious diseases modelling and the lessons learnt from the Covid-19 pandemic.This report summarizes the rich discussions that occurred during the workshop.The workshop participants discussed multisource data integration and highlighted the benefits of combining traditional surveillance with more novel data sources like mobility data,social media,and wastewater monitoring.Significant advancements were noted in the development of predictive models,with examples from various countries showcasing the use of machine learning and artificial intelligence in detecting and monitoring disease trends.The role of open collaboration between various stakeholders in modelling was stressed,advocating for the continuation of such partnerships beyond the pandemic.A major gap identified was the absence of a common international framework for data sharing,which is crucial for global pandemic preparedness.Overall,the workshop underscored the need for robust,adaptable modelling frameworks and the integration of different data sources and collaboration across sectors,as key elements in enhancing future pandemic response and preparedness.
基金the NSERC of Canada(RGPIN-2020-06825 and DGECR-2020-00369).
文摘COVID-19 has been prevalent worldwide for about 2 years now and has brought unprecedented challenges to our society.Before vaccines were available,the main disease intervention strategies were non-pharmaceutical.Starting December 2020,in Ontario,Canada,vaccines were approved for administering to vulnerable individuals and gradually expanded to all individuals above the age of 12.As the vaccine coverage reached a satisfactory level among the eligible population,normal social activities resumed and schools reopened starting September 2021.However,when schools reopen for in-person learning,children under the age of 12 are unvaccinated and are at higher risks of contracting the virus.We propose an age-stratified model based on the age and vaccine eligibility of the individuals.We fit our model to the data in Ontario,Canada and obtain a good fitting result.The results show that a relaxed between-group contact rate may trigger future epidemic waves more easily than an increased within-group contact rate.An increasing mixed contact rate of the older group quickly amplifies the daily incidence numbers for both groups whereas an increasing mixed contact rate of the younger group mainly leads to future waves in the younger group alone.The results indicate the importance of accelerating vaccine rollout for younger individuals in mitigating disease spread.
文摘The breast milk of HIV infected women contains HIV virus particles,therefore children can become infected through breastfeeding.We develop a mathematical epidemiological model of HIV infection in infants,infected children and infected women that represents infection of an infant/child as a series of exposures,by incorporating within-host virus dynamics in the individuals exposed to the virus through breastfeeding.We show that repeated exposures of the infant/child via breastfeeding can cause bi-stability dynamics and,subsequently,infection persistence even when the epidemiological basic reproduction number R0 is less than unity.This feature of the model,due to a backward bifurcation,gives new insight into the control mechanisms of HIV disease through breastfeeding.
