Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)emerging as a promising photovoltaic technology with high efficiency and low manufacturing cost have attracted the attention from all over the world.Both the efficiency and stability of PSC...Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)emerging as a promising photovoltaic technology with high efficiency and low manufacturing cost have attracted the attention from all over the world.Both the efficiency and stability of PSCs have increased steadily in recent years,and the research on reducing lead leakage and developing eco-friendly lead-free perovskites pushes forward the commercialization of PSCs step by step.This review summarizes the main progress of PSCs in 2020 and 2021 from the aspects of efficiency,stability,perovskite-based tandem devices,and lead-free PSCs.Moreover,a brief discussion on the development of PSC modules and its challenges toward practical application is provided.展开更多
Formamidinium lead triiodide(FAPbI_(3))is a research hotspot in perovskite photovoltaics due to its broad light absorption and proper thermal stability.However,quite a few researches focused on the stability of the FA...Formamidinium lead triiodide(FAPbI_(3))is a research hotspot in perovskite photovoltaics due to its broad light absorption and proper thermal stability.However,quite a few researches focused on the stability of the FAPbI_(3) perovskite precursor solutions.Besides,the most efficient FAPbI_(3) layers are prepared by the spin-coating method,which is limited to the size of the device.Herein,the stability of FAPbI_(3) perovskite solution with methylammonium chloride(MACl)or cesium chloride(CsCl)additive is studied for preparing perovskite film through an upscalable blade-coating method.Each additive works well for achieving a high-quality FAPbI_(3) film,resulting in efficient carbon electrode perovskite solar cells(pero-SCs)in the ambient condition.However,the perovskite solution with MACl additive shows poor aging stability that noα-FAPbI_(3) phase is observed when the solution is aged over one week.While the perovskite solution with CsCl additive shows promising aging stability that it still forms high-quality pureα-FAPbI_(3) perovskite film even the solution is aged over one month.During the solution aging process,the MACl could be decomposed into methylamine which will form some unfavored intermediated phase inducingδ-phase FAPbI_(3).Whereas,replacing MACl with CsCl could effectively solve this issue.Our founding shows that there is a great need to develop a non-MACl FAPbI_(3) perovskite precursor solution for cost-effective preparation of pero-SCs.展开更多
Monolithic perovskite/organic tandem solar cells(TsCs)have gained significant attention due to their easy device integration and the potential to surpass the Shockley-Queisser limit of single-junction solar cells.Howe...Monolithic perovskite/organic tandem solar cells(TsCs)have gained significant attention due to their easy device integration and the potential to surpass the Shockley-Queisser limit of single-junction solar cells.However,the surfaces of wide-bandgap perovskite films are densely populated with defects,leading to severe non-radiative recombination and energy loss.As a consequence,the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of perovskite/organic TSCs lags behind that of other TSC counterparts.To address these issues,we designed a functional ammonium salt,4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-ium iodide(Pzol),comprising a piperazine iodide and a terminated hydroxyl group,which was applied for post-treating the perovskite surface.Our findings reveal that Pzol reacts with and consumes residual PbX_(2)(X:I or Br)to form a 2D perovskite component,thereby eliminating Pb^(0)defects,while the terminated hydroxyl group in PZOI can also passivate uncoordinated Pb^(2+).Consequently,the shallow/deep-level defect densities of the 2D/3D perovskite film were significantly reduced,leading to an enhanced PCE of single-junction 2D/3D wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells to 18.18% with a reduced energy loss of 40 mev.Importantly,the corresponding perovskite/organic TSCs achieved a remarkable PCE of 24.05% with enhanced operational stability(T_(90)~500h).展开更多
Conjugated polymers(CPs)have demonstrated promising applications in fields such as environment,energy,and information,which becomes a forefront in chemistry and materials sciences area[1,2].However,the synthetic chall...Conjugated polymers(CPs)have demonstrated promising applications in fields such as environment,energy,and information,which becomes a forefront in chemistry and materials sciences area[1,2].However,the synthetic challenges plague the development of CP,including structural defects,toxic by-products,and batch-to-batch variations.展开更多
All-solution processed organic solar cells are the ultimate aim of printable photovoltaics,but their electrical losses arising from poor contact of top electrodes greatly limit efficiency improvement.To solve the prob...All-solution processed organic solar cells are the ultimate aim of printable photovoltaics,but their electrical losses arising from poor contact of top electrodes greatly limit efficiency improvement.To solve the problem,a solution-processed hybrid top electrode was constructed using silver nanowires(AgNWs)as the skeleton and ZnO nanoparticles(ZnO-NPs)as the matrix.When constructing the skeleton,a spin-rinsing treatment was first used to reduce the amount of the residual insulating polyvinylpyrrolidone wrapped around the AgNWs to promote intimate contact among the AgNWs in the skeleton.Then,the ZnO-NPs matrix was deposited onto the AgNWs skeleton,bridging the AgNWs skeleton with the underlayer ZnO-NPs electron transporting layer(ETL).The underlayer ZnO-NPs ETL can also induce the growth of the ZnO-NPs matrix to minimize lattice mismatch,which creates additional transport channels from the ETL to the AgNWs skeleton for charge collection.As a result,the obtained electrode significantly enhances the electrical contact in the device,thus delivering record power conversion efficiencies of 16.04%and 14.54%for rigid and flexible all-solution processed OSCs,respectively.展开更多
In recent years,conjugated polymers have attracted great attention in the application as photovoltaic donor materials in polymer solar cells(PSCs).Broad absorption,lower-energy bandgap,higher hole mobility,relatively ...In recent years,conjugated polymers have attracted great attention in the application as photovoltaic donor materials in polymer solar cells(PSCs).Broad absorption,lower-energy bandgap,higher hole mobility,relatively lower HOMO energy levels,and higher solubility are important for the conjugated polymer donor materials to achieve high photovoltaic performance.Side-chain engineering plays a very important role in optimizing the physicochemical properties of the conjugated polymers.In this article,we review recent progress on the side-chain engineering of conjugated polymer donor materials,including the optimization of flexible side-chains for balancing solubility and intermolecular packing(aggregation),electron-withdrawing substituents for lowering HOMO energy levels,and two-dimension(2D)-conjugated polymers with conjugated side-chains for broadening absorption and enhancing hole mobility.After the molecular structural optimization by side-chain engineering,the2D-conjugated polymers based on benzodithiophene units demonstrated the best photovoltaic performance,with powerconversion efficiency higher than 9%.展开更多
The emergence of non-fullerene acceptors(NFA) offers a promising opportunity to develop high-performance donor/acceptor pairs with high power conversion efficiency,as NFAs offer tunable energy levels,broad absorption ...The emergence of non-fullerene acceptors(NFA) offers a promising opportunity to develop high-performance donor/acceptor pairs with high power conversion efficiency,as NFAs offer tunable energy levels,broad absorption and suitable aggregation property.In order to enhance light-harvesting capability of active layers,we choose a wide bandgap polymer PTQ10 as the donor to blend with a narrow bandgap NFAY6 as the acceptor.In comparison with PTQ10:IDIC blend,~130 nm red-shifted absorption spectrum is observed in the PTQ10:Y6 blend,which potentially enhance the short-circuit current density(Jsc) for the PSCs.In addition,the optimal PTQ10:Y6 blend shows higher photoluminescence quenching efficiency and more efficient charge separation,higher charge mobilities,as well as weaker bimolecular recombination over the PTQ10:IDIC blend,which leads to an outstanding power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 16.53%,with a notable Jsc of 26.65 mA cm^-2 and fill factor(FF) of 0.751.展开更多
A high performance polymer solar cells(PSCs) based on polymer donor PM6 containing fluorinated thienyl benzodithiophene unit and n-type organic semiconductor acceptor IT-4 F containing fluorinated end-groups were deve...A high performance polymer solar cells(PSCs) based on polymer donor PM6 containing fluorinated thienyl benzodithiophene unit and n-type organic semiconductor acceptor IT-4 F containing fluorinated end-groups were developed. In addition to complementary absorption spectra(300–830 nm) with IT-4 F, the PM6 also has a deep HOMO(the highest occupied molecular) level(-5.50 e V), which will lower the open-circuit voltage(V_(oc)) sacrifice and reduce the E_(loss) of the IT-4 F-based PSCs. Moreover, the strong crystallinity of PM6 is beneficial to form favorable blend morphology and hence to suppress recombination. As a result, in comparison with the PSCs based on a non-fluorinated D/A pair of PBDB-T:ITIC with a medium PCE of 11.2%, the PM6:IT-4 Fbased PSCs yielded an impressive PCE of 13.5% due to the synergistic effect of fluorination on both donor and acceptor, which is among the highest values recorded in the literatures for PSCs to date. Furthermore, a PCE of 12.2% was remained with the active layer thickness of up to 285 nm and a high PCE of 11.4% was also obtained with a large device area of 1 cm^2. In addition, the devices also showed good storage, thermal and illumination stabilities with respect to the efficiency. These results indicate that fluorination is an effective strategy to improve the photovoltaic performance of materials, as well as the both fluorinated donor and acceptor pair-PM6:IT-4 F is an ideal candidate for the large scale roll-to-roll production of efficient PSCs in the future.展开更多
CONSPECTUS:Over the past few years,the innovation of narrow bandgap acceptor combined with wide bandgap donor materials significantly promotes the power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)of organic solar cells(OSCs)to exce...CONSPECTUS:Over the past few years,the innovation of narrow bandgap acceptor combined with wide bandgap donor materials significantly promotes the power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)of organic solar cells(OSCs)to exceed 18%.To build a state-of-the-art OSC,absorption spectra,frontier molecular orbital energy levels,molecular packing and crystallinity,and charge carrier mobilities of the photovoltaic materials should be considered in their molecular design.The donor and acceptor materials are the key components determining the photovoltaic performance of the OSCs.The side chain engineering on the conjugated backbone is a critical strategy to optimize the photovoltaic properties of the donor materials.In this Account,we focus on the topic of heteroatom substitution on the molecular backbone of the donor materials for improving their photovoltaic performance,aiming to provide in-depth understanding of the molecular structure optimization for the design of stateof-the-art photovoltaic materials.展开更多
A facile procedure for the synthesis ofdithieno[5,6-b：11,12-b＇]coronene-2,3,8,9-tetracarboxylic tetra（2- ethylhexyl）ester （DTCTI＇E-EH） from readily available perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracaroboxylic dianhydride is de...A facile procedure for the synthesis ofdithieno[5,6-b：11,12-b＇]coronene-2,3,8,9-tetracarboxylic tetra（2- ethylhexyl）ester （DTCTI＇E-EH） from readily available perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracaroboxylic dianhydride is described. The electronic properties of DTCTTE-EH were elucidated on the basis of UV-vis spectra, emission spectrum and electrochemical measurement, which demonstrate that DTCTTE is a new class of components for promising semiconducting materials.展开更多
The active layer of all polymer solar cells(all-PSCs)is composed of a blend of a p-type conjugated polymer(p-CP)as donor and an n-type conjugated polymer(n-CP)as acceptor.All-PSCs possess the advantages of light weigh...The active layer of all polymer solar cells(all-PSCs)is composed of a blend of a p-type conjugated polymer(p-CP)as donor and an n-type conjugated polymer(n-CP)as acceptor.All-PSCs possess the advantages of light weight,thin active layer,mechanical flexibility,low cost solution processing and high stability,but the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of the all-PSCs was limited by the poor photovoltaic performance of the n-CP acceptors before 2016.Since the report of the strategy of polymerized small molecule acceptors(PSMAs)in 2017,the photovoltaic performance of the PSMA-based n-CPs improved rapidly,benefitted from the development of the A-DA’D-A type small molecule acceptors(SMAs).PCE of the all-PSCs based on the PSMA acceptors reached 17%-18%recently.In this review article,we will introduce the development history of the n-CPs,especially the recent research progress of the PSMAs.Particularly,the structure-property relationship of the PSMAs is introduced and discussed.Finally,current challenges and prospects of the n-CP acceptors are analyzed and discussed.展开更多
The medium-bandgap polymerized small molecule acceptors(PSMAs)have broad application scenarios.However,the effort in the molecular design of the high-performance medium-bandgap PSMAs is limited.In this article,we intr...The medium-bandgap polymerized small molecule acceptors(PSMAs)have broad application scenarios.However,the effort in the molecular design of the high-performance medium-bandgap PSMAs is limited.In this article,we introduce alkoxy groups as outer side chains and as substituents of the thiopheneπ-bridges of the high-performance PSMA PY-IT to synthesize a mediumbandgap PSMA PO-TO.Due to the fact that the non-covalent interaction between the alkoxy groups and the terminal groups of the small molecule acceptor(SMA)unit can weaken the intramolecular charge transfer(ICT)effect,the bandgap of PO-TO is enlarged and its absorption is blue-shifted compared with PY-IT,while the absorbance of PO-TO solution and film is enhanced significantly compared with that of PY-IT.When blended PO-TO with the polymer donor PBQx-TF,the corresponding all-polymer solar cells(all-PSCs)exhibit an open-circuit voltage(V_(oc))exceeding 1.04 V with a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 13.75%.Furthermore,PO-TO was used as the third component to fabricate ternary all-PSCs with PBQx-TF as the polymer donor and PY-IT as the main polymer acceptor,and the ternary all-PSCs based on PBQx-TF:PY-IT:PO-TO(1:1:0.2,w/w/w)demonstrated a high PCE of 17.71%with simultaneously improved V_(oc)of 0.940 V,short-circuit current density(J_(sc))of 24.60 m A cm^(-2)and fill factor(FF)of76.81%.In comparison,the binary all-PSCs based on PBQx-TF:PY-IT showed a PCE of 16.77%.This result indicates that introducing alkoxy groups is a promising strategy for synthesizing high-performance medium-bandgap PSMAs.展开更多
Residual water-induced decomposition is one of the dominant reasons for the decay of power conversion efficiency (PCE) in perovskite solar cells (Pero-SCs). To solve this problem, we introduce traces amount of sodium ...Residual water-induced decomposition is one of the dominant reasons for the decay of power conversion efficiency (PCE) in perovskite solar cells (Pero-SCs). To solve this problem, we introduce traces amount of sodium hyaluronate (SH) into the perovskite active layer to reduce the remaining water during the preparation of perovskite films. Unlike the traditionally adopted passive protection of perovskite from exterior water by low surface energy coatings, this study provides active control of the interior water by the addition of a water adsorbent into the perovskite films. The encapsulated Pero-SCs with SH retain approximately 70% of their initial PCE in 4000 h, while those without SH retain 32% of their initial PCE in 1000 h under the dark and ambient atmosphere. The unencapsulated Pero-SCs with SH stored in N2 atmosphere maintain over 94% of the initial PCE in 3000 h at room temperature away from light and remain over 88% of the initial PCE in 2000 h even the devices are heated to 70 °C. It has been proven that the improved stability is mainly due to the well-controlled residual water in perovskite films. Concomitantly, the PCE of p-i-n solar cells based on (FAPbI3)0.85(MAPbBr3)0.15 is improved from 19.34% to 21.54%.展开更多
The explosive growth of academic research on perovskite solar cells(pero-SCs)was initiated by a key innovation that incorporated solid-state hole-transporting materials(HTMs)to replace the liquid electrolyte used in t...The explosive growth of academic research on perovskite solar cells(pero-SCs)was initiated by a key innovation that incorporated solid-state hole-transporting materials(HTMs)to replace the liquid electrolyte used in the early studies of pero-SCs[1].展开更多
Semitransparent organic solar cells(ST-OSCs)have garnered considerable attention as promising renewable energy technology for integrating photovoltaics into buildings.However,there is a trade-off between power convers...Semitransparent organic solar cells(ST-OSCs)have garnered considerable attention as promising renewable energy technology for integrating photovoltaics into buildings.However,there is a trade-off between power conversion efficiency(PCE)and average visible transmittance(AVT),which hinders the achievement of a high light utilization efficiency(LUE).In this study,we propose a valuable method to address this challenge by replacing the transparent top electrode,Ag,with a 20 nm layer of Au.The ST-OSCs based on the 20 nm Au electrode demonstrate superior exciton extraction,more efficient charge collection,and higher color-rendering index(CRI)due to their smoother surface,higher conductivity,and enhanced visible light transmittance,resulting in a significantly higher PCE of 13.67%and an enhanced AVT of 30.17%,contributing to a high LUE of 4.15%.Additionally,optically transparent dielectric layers,applied on the front and back sides of the ST-OSCs to further boost performance,delivered an impressive LUE of 4.93%,with PCE and AVT values reaching 14.44%and 34.12%,respectively.Notably,the champion ST-OSCs also exhibited a favorable CRI value of 93.37.These achievements represent the bestperforming ST-OSCs to date with both high LUE and CRI and hold significant implications for the prospective commercialization of ST-OSCs.展开更多
Organic solar cells(OSCs)have the advantages of light weight and excellent mechanical stability[1].The OSCs can be an ideal candidate as portable and wearable energy sources to power portable electronics,internet of t...Organic solar cells(OSCs)have the advantages of light weight and excellent mechanical stability[1].The OSCs can be an ideal candidate as portable and wearable energy sources to power portable electronics,internet of things,etc.Recently,power conversion efficiency(PCE)of the small-area OSCs have reached around 20%[2].This makes the community more confident about this technology moving into practical applications.展开更多
The rational design of dopant-free organic hole-transporting layer(HTL) materials is still a challenge for realizing high-efficient and stable p-i-n planar perovskite solar cells(pero-SCs). Here, we synthesized two π...The rational design of dopant-free organic hole-transporting layer(HTL) materials is still a challenge for realizing high-efficient and stable p-i-n planar perovskite solar cells(pero-SCs). Here, we synthesized two π-conjugated small-molecule HTL materials through tailoring the backbone and conjugated side chain to carefully control molecular conformation. The resultant BDT-TPAs Th containing a planar fused benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene(BDT) core and a conjugated thiophene side chain showed the planar conformation. X-ray crystallography showed a favorable stacking model in solid states under the parallel-displaced π-πand additional S-π weak-bond supramolecular interactions, thus achieving an obviously increased hole mobility without dopants.As an HTL material in p-i-n planar pero-SCs, the marginal solubility of BDT-TPA-s Th enabled inverse diffusion into the perovskite precursor solution for assisting the subsequent perovskite film growth and passivating the uncoordinated Pb2+ ion defects. As a result, the planar p-i-n pero-SCs exhibited a champion power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 20.5% and enhanced moisture stability. Importantly, the BDT-TPA-s Th HTL material also showed weak thickness-photovoltaic dependence, and the pero-SCs with blade-coated BDT-TPA-s Th as a HTL achieved a 15.30% PCE for the 1-cm2 modularized device. This HTL material design strategy is expected to pave the way toward high-performance, dopant-free and printing large-area planar p-i-n pero-SCs.展开更多
Main observation and conclusion Recently,the polymer solar cells(PSCs)based on the PM6 and small molecular acceptor(SMA)Y6 have attracted considerable attention in this community for their outstanding photovoltaic per...Main observation and conclusion Recently,the polymer solar cells(PSCs)based on the PM6 and small molecular acceptor(SMA)Y6 have attracted considerable attention in this community for their outstanding photovoltaic performance.展开更多
Azide-alkyne click polymerization has become a powerful tool for polymer synthesis.However,the click polymerization between internal alkynes and azides is rarely utilized to prepare functional polymers.In this work,th...Azide-alkyne click polymerization has become a powerful tool for polymer synthesis.However,the click polymerization between internal alkynes and azides is rarely utilized to prepare functional polymers.In this work,the polymerization reactions of activated internal alkyne monomers of tris(2-butynoate)s(1)with tetraphenylethene-containing diazides(2)were performed in dimethylformamide(DMF)under simple heating,affording four hyperbranched poly(methyltriazolylcarboxylate)s(hb-PMTCs)with high molecular weights(A4W up to 2.4 x 104)and regioregularities(up to 83.9%)in good yields.The hb-PMTCs are soluble in common organic solvents,and thermally stable with 5%weight loss temperatures up to 400℃.They are non-emissive in dilute solution,but become highly emissive in aggregated state,exhibiting aggregationinduced emission characteristics.The polymers can generate fluorescent photopatterns with high resolution,and can work as fluorescent sensors to detect nitroaromatic explosive with high sensitivity.展开更多
Reducing energy loss(V_(loss))is one of the most crucial challenges in organic photovoltaic cells.The V_(loss),determined by the differences between the optical band gap(E_(g))of the active layer material and the open...Reducing energy loss(V_(loss))is one of the most crucial challenges in organic photovoltaic cells.The V_(loss),determined by the differences between the optical band gap(E_(g))of the active layer material and the open-circuit voltage(V_(oc))of the device,is generally alleviated by lowering the energy difference between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO)and highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO)level of the donor(D)and acceptor(A).In this work,we synthesized two A-π-D-π-A-type small-molecule donors(SMDs)SM-benzotriazole(BTz)-1 and SM-BTz-2 by introducing a BTzπ-bridge unit and terminal regulation.The BTzπ-bridge unit significantly lowers the HOMO energy level of SMDs,resulting in high V_(oc)and high mobility,achieving a balance of low energy loss(<0.5 eV)and high efficiency.Ultimately,the organic solar cells based on SM-BTz-2 as the donor and Y6 as the acceptor obtain a high V_(oc)of 0.91 V,J_(sc) of 22.8 mA cm^(−2),fill factor of 68%,and power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 14.12%,which is one of the highest efficiencies based on the SMDs with triazoleπ-bridges to date.What’s more,the BTzπ-bridge unit is a potential unit that can improve mobility and reduce energy loss.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11834011 and 12074245)the support from the Energy Materials and Surface Sciences Unit of the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University。
文摘Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)emerging as a promising photovoltaic technology with high efficiency and low manufacturing cost have attracted the attention from all over the world.Both the efficiency and stability of PSCs have increased steadily in recent years,and the research on reducing lead leakage and developing eco-friendly lead-free perovskites pushes forward the commercialization of PSCs step by step.This review summarizes the main progress of PSCs in 2020 and 2021 from the aspects of efficiency,stability,perovskite-based tandem devices,and lead-free PSCs.Moreover,a brief discussion on the development of PSC modules and its challenges toward practical application is provided.
基金Project supported by the Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2020YFB1506400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51922074,51673138,51820105003,and 22075194)+1 种基金the Tang Scholar,the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology.
文摘Formamidinium lead triiodide(FAPbI_(3))is a research hotspot in perovskite photovoltaics due to its broad light absorption and proper thermal stability.However,quite a few researches focused on the stability of the FAPbI_(3) perovskite precursor solutions.Besides,the most efficient FAPbI_(3) layers are prepared by the spin-coating method,which is limited to the size of the device.Herein,the stability of FAPbI_(3) perovskite solution with methylammonium chloride(MACl)or cesium chloride(CsCl)additive is studied for preparing perovskite film through an upscalable blade-coating method.Each additive works well for achieving a high-quality FAPbI_(3) film,resulting in efficient carbon electrode perovskite solar cells(pero-SCs)in the ambient condition.However,the perovskite solution with MACl additive shows poor aging stability that noα-FAPbI_(3) phase is observed when the solution is aged over one week.While the perovskite solution with CsCl additive shows promising aging stability that it still forms high-quality pureα-FAPbI_(3) perovskite film even the solution is aged over one month.During the solution aging process,the MACl could be decomposed into methylamine which will form some unfavored intermediated phase inducingδ-phase FAPbI_(3).Whereas,replacing MACl with CsCl could effectively solve this issue.Our founding shows that there is a great need to develop a non-MACl FAPbI_(3) perovskite precursor solution for cost-effective preparation of pero-SCs.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB4200302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52325307,52203233,22075194,and 52273188)+2 种基金Department of Science and Technology of Jiangsu Province(No.BE2022023)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology,and the Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials Design and Synthesis for Biomedical Function,Soochow University,Undergraduate Training Programfor Innovation and Entrepreneurship,Soochow University(No.202310285036Z).
文摘Monolithic perovskite/organic tandem solar cells(TsCs)have gained significant attention due to their easy device integration and the potential to surpass the Shockley-Queisser limit of single-junction solar cells.However,the surfaces of wide-bandgap perovskite films are densely populated with defects,leading to severe non-radiative recombination and energy loss.As a consequence,the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of perovskite/organic TSCs lags behind that of other TSC counterparts.To address these issues,we designed a functional ammonium salt,4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-ium iodide(Pzol),comprising a piperazine iodide and a terminated hydroxyl group,which was applied for post-treating the perovskite surface.Our findings reveal that Pzol reacts with and consumes residual PbX_(2)(X:I or Br)to form a 2D perovskite component,thereby eliminating Pb^(0)defects,while the terminated hydroxyl group in PZOI can also passivate uncoordinated Pb^(2+).Consequently,the shallow/deep-level defect densities of the 2D/3D perovskite film were significantly reduced,leading to an enhanced PCE of single-junction 2D/3D wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells to 18.18% with a reduced energy loss of 40 mev.Importantly,the corresponding perovskite/organic TSCs achieved a remarkable PCE of 24.05% with enhanced operational stability(T_(90)~500h).
文摘Conjugated polymers(CPs)have demonstrated promising applications in fields such as environment,energy,and information,which becomes a forefront in chemistry and materials sciences area[1,2].However,the synthetic challenges plague the development of CP,including structural defects,toxic by-products,and batch-to-batch variations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52325307,52273188,22075194,52203233)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB4200302)+3 种基金the Department of Science and Technology of Jiangsu Province(BE2022023)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD),the Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology,Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(2022ZB567)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M732533)the Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials Design and Synthesis for Biomedical Function,Soochow University。
文摘All-solution processed organic solar cells are the ultimate aim of printable photovoltaics,but their electrical losses arising from poor contact of top electrodes greatly limit efficiency improvement.To solve the problem,a solution-processed hybrid top electrode was constructed using silver nanowires(AgNWs)as the skeleton and ZnO nanoparticles(ZnO-NPs)as the matrix.When constructing the skeleton,a spin-rinsing treatment was first used to reduce the amount of the residual insulating polyvinylpyrrolidone wrapped around the AgNWs to promote intimate contact among the AgNWs in the skeleton.Then,the ZnO-NPs matrix was deposited onto the AgNWs skeleton,bridging the AgNWs skeleton with the underlayer ZnO-NPs electron transporting layer(ETL).The underlayer ZnO-NPs ETL can also induce the growth of the ZnO-NPs matrix to minimize lattice mismatch,which creates additional transport channels from the ETL to the AgNWs skeleton for charge collection.As a result,the obtained electrode significantly enhances the electrical contact in the device,thus delivering record power conversion efficiencies of 16.04%and 14.54%for rigid and flexible all-solution processed OSCs,respectively.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2014CB643501)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91433117,91333204 and 21374124)
文摘In recent years,conjugated polymers have attracted great attention in the application as photovoltaic donor materials in polymer solar cells(PSCs).Broad absorption,lower-energy bandgap,higher hole mobility,relatively lower HOMO energy levels,and higher solubility are important for the conjugated polymer donor materials to achieve high photovoltaic performance.Side-chain engineering plays a very important role in optimizing the physicochemical properties of the conjugated polymers.In this article,we review recent progress on the side-chain engineering of conjugated polymer donor materials,including the optimization of flexible side-chains for balancing solubility and intermolecular packing(aggregation),electron-withdrawing substituents for lowering HOMO energy levels,and two-dimension(2D)-conjugated polymers with conjugated side-chains for broadening absorption and enhancing hole mobility.After the molecular structural optimization by side-chain engineering,the2D-conjugated polymers based on benzodithiophene units demonstrated the best photovoltaic performance,with powerconversion efficiency higher than 9%.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51873140,51603136,91633301)
文摘The emergence of non-fullerene acceptors(NFA) offers a promising opportunity to develop high-performance donor/acceptor pairs with high power conversion efficiency,as NFAs offer tunable energy levels,broad absorption and suitable aggregation property.In order to enhance light-harvesting capability of active layers,we choose a wide bandgap polymer PTQ10 as the donor to blend with a narrow bandgap NFAY6 as the acceptor.In comparison with PTQ10:IDIC blend,~130 nm red-shifted absorption spectrum is observed in the PTQ10:Y6 blend,which potentially enhance the short-circuit current density(Jsc) for the PSCs.In addition,the optimal PTQ10:Y6 blend shows higher photoluminescence quenching efficiency and more efficient charge separation,higher charge mobilities,as well as weaker bimolecular recombination over the PTQ10:IDIC blend,which leads to an outstanding power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 16.53%,with a notable Jsc of 26.65 mA cm^-2 and fill factor(FF) of 0.751.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51422306,51503135,51573120,91633301)Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation(BK20150332)T.P.Russell was supported by the U.S.Office of Naval Research(N00014-15-1-2244)
文摘A high performance polymer solar cells(PSCs) based on polymer donor PM6 containing fluorinated thienyl benzodithiophene unit and n-type organic semiconductor acceptor IT-4 F containing fluorinated end-groups were developed. In addition to complementary absorption spectra(300–830 nm) with IT-4 F, the PM6 also has a deep HOMO(the highest occupied molecular) level(-5.50 e V), which will lower the open-circuit voltage(V_(oc)) sacrifice and reduce the E_(loss) of the IT-4 F-based PSCs. Moreover, the strong crystallinity of PM6 is beneficial to form favorable blend morphology and hence to suppress recombination. As a result, in comparison with the PSCs based on a non-fluorinated D/A pair of PBDB-T:ITIC with a medium PCE of 11.2%, the PM6:IT-4 Fbased PSCs yielded an impressive PCE of 13.5% due to the synergistic effect of fluorination on both donor and acceptor, which is among the highest values recorded in the literatures for PSCs to date. Furthermore, a PCE of 12.2% was remained with the active layer thickness of up to 285 nm and a high PCE of 11.4% was also obtained with a large device area of 1 cm^2. In addition, the devices also showed good storage, thermal and illumination stabilities with respect to the efficiency. These results indicate that fluorination is an effective strategy to improve the photovoltaic performance of materials, as well as the both fluorinated donor and acceptor pair-PM6:IT-4 F is an ideal candidate for the large scale roll-to-roll production of efficient PSCs in the future.
基金We thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22022509,51873140,and 51820105003)Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation(BK20190095)Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD),and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology for financial support。
文摘CONSPECTUS:Over the past few years,the innovation of narrow bandgap acceptor combined with wide bandgap donor materials significantly promotes the power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)of organic solar cells(OSCs)to exceed 18%.To build a state-of-the-art OSC,absorption spectra,frontier molecular orbital energy levels,molecular packing and crystallinity,and charge carrier mobilities of the photovoltaic materials should be considered in their molecular design.The donor and acceptor materials are the key components determining the photovoltaic performance of the OSCs.The side chain engineering on the conjugated backbone is a critical strategy to optimize the photovoltaic properties of the donor materials.In this Account,we focus on the topic of heteroatom substitution on the molecular backbone of the donor materials for improving their photovoltaic performance,aiming to provide in-depth understanding of the molecular structure optimization for the design of stateof-the-art photovoltaic materials.
基金supported by NSFC(Nos.51073124 and 21031006)Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(No.20100143120002)Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2011CDA102)
文摘A facile procedure for the synthesis ofdithieno[5,6-b：11,12-b＇]coronene-2,3,8,9-tetracarboxylic tetra（2- ethylhexyl）ester （DTCTI＇E-EH） from readily available perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracaroboxylic dianhydride is described. The electronic properties of DTCTTE-EH were elucidated on the basis of UV-vis spectra, emission spectrum and electrochemical measurement, which demonstrate that DTCTTE is a new class of components for promising semiconducting materials.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61904181,51820105003,52173188 and 21734008)the Basic and Applied Basic Research Major Program of Guangdong Province(No.2019B030302007)。
文摘The active layer of all polymer solar cells(all-PSCs)is composed of a blend of a p-type conjugated polymer(p-CP)as donor and an n-type conjugated polymer(n-CP)as acceptor.All-PSCs possess the advantages of light weight,thin active layer,mechanical flexibility,low cost solution processing and high stability,but the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of the all-PSCs was limited by the poor photovoltaic performance of the n-CP acceptors before 2016.Since the report of the strategy of polymerized small molecule acceptors(PSMAs)in 2017,the photovoltaic performance of the PSMA-based n-CPs improved rapidly,benefitted from the development of the A-DA’D-A type small molecule acceptors(SMAs).PCE of the all-PSCs based on the PSMA acceptors reached 17%-18%recently.In this review article,we will introduce the development history of the n-CPs,especially the recent research progress of the PSMAs.Particularly,the structure-property relationship of the PSMAs is introduced and discussed.Finally,current challenges and prospects of the n-CP acceptors are analyzed and discussed.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFA0705900)the Ministry of Science and Technology,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51820105003,21734008,52203248,61904181,52173188)+1 种基金the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDPB13)the Basic and Applied Basic Research Major Program of Guangdong Province(2019B030302007)。
文摘The medium-bandgap polymerized small molecule acceptors(PSMAs)have broad application scenarios.However,the effort in the molecular design of the high-performance medium-bandgap PSMAs is limited.In this article,we introduce alkoxy groups as outer side chains and as substituents of the thiopheneπ-bridges of the high-performance PSMA PY-IT to synthesize a mediumbandgap PSMA PO-TO.Due to the fact that the non-covalent interaction between the alkoxy groups and the terminal groups of the small molecule acceptor(SMA)unit can weaken the intramolecular charge transfer(ICT)effect,the bandgap of PO-TO is enlarged and its absorption is blue-shifted compared with PY-IT,while the absorbance of PO-TO solution and film is enhanced significantly compared with that of PY-IT.When blended PO-TO with the polymer donor PBQx-TF,the corresponding all-polymer solar cells(all-PSCs)exhibit an open-circuit voltage(V_(oc))exceeding 1.04 V with a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 13.75%.Furthermore,PO-TO was used as the third component to fabricate ternary all-PSCs with PBQx-TF as the polymer donor and PY-IT as the main polymer acceptor,and the ternary all-PSCs based on PBQx-TF:PY-IT:PO-TO(1:1:0.2,w/w/w)demonstrated a high PCE of 17.71%with simultaneously improved V_(oc)of 0.940 V,short-circuit current density(J_(sc))of 24.60 m A cm^(-2)and fill factor(FF)of76.81%.In comparison,the binary all-PSCs based on PBQx-TF:PY-IT showed a PCE of 16.77%.This result indicates that introducing alkoxy groups is a promising strategy for synthesizing high-performance medium-bandgap PSMAs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51673139,91633301)a Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials.
文摘Residual water-induced decomposition is one of the dominant reasons for the decay of power conversion efficiency (PCE) in perovskite solar cells (Pero-SCs). To solve this problem, we introduce traces amount of sodium hyaluronate (SH) into the perovskite active layer to reduce the remaining water during the preparation of perovskite films. Unlike the traditionally adopted passive protection of perovskite from exterior water by low surface energy coatings, this study provides active control of the interior water by the addition of a water adsorbent into the perovskite films. The encapsulated Pero-SCs with SH retain approximately 70% of their initial PCE in 4000 h, while those without SH retain 32% of their initial PCE in 1000 h under the dark and ambient atmosphere. The unencapsulated Pero-SCs with SH stored in N2 atmosphere maintain over 94% of the initial PCE in 3000 h at room temperature away from light and remain over 88% of the initial PCE in 2000 h even the devices are heated to 70 °C. It has been proven that the improved stability is mainly due to the well-controlled residual water in perovskite films. Concomitantly, the PCE of p-i-n solar cells based on (FAPbI3)0.85(MAPbBr3)0.15 is improved from 19.34% to 21.54%.
文摘The explosive growth of academic research on perovskite solar cells(pero-SCs)was initiated by a key innovation that incorporated solid-state hole-transporting materials(HTMs)to replace the liquid electrolyte used in the early studies of pero-SCs[1].
基金financially supported from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(5220235)academic funding supported by Soochow University(NH10900123)+1 种基金the Gusu Innovation and Entrepreneurship Leading Talents Program(ZXL2023184)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(22KJB150033)。
文摘Semitransparent organic solar cells(ST-OSCs)have garnered considerable attention as promising renewable energy technology for integrating photovoltaics into buildings.However,there is a trade-off between power conversion efficiency(PCE)and average visible transmittance(AVT),which hinders the achievement of a high light utilization efficiency(LUE).In this study,we propose a valuable method to address this challenge by replacing the transparent top electrode,Ag,with a 20 nm layer of Au.The ST-OSCs based on the 20 nm Au electrode demonstrate superior exciton extraction,more efficient charge collection,and higher color-rendering index(CRI)due to their smoother surface,higher conductivity,and enhanced visible light transmittance,resulting in a significantly higher PCE of 13.67%and an enhanced AVT of 30.17%,contributing to a high LUE of 4.15%.Additionally,optically transparent dielectric layers,applied on the front and back sides of the ST-OSCs to further boost performance,delivered an impressive LUE of 4.93%,with PCE and AVT values reaching 14.44%and 34.12%,respectively.Notably,the champion ST-OSCs also exhibited a favorable CRI value of 93.37.These achievements represent the bestperforming ST-OSCs to date with both high LUE and CRI and hold significant implications for the prospective commercialization of ST-OSCs.
文摘Organic solar cells(OSCs)have the advantages of light weight and excellent mechanical stability[1].The OSCs can be an ideal candidate as portable and wearable energy sources to power portable electronics,internet of things,etc.Recently,power conversion efficiency(PCE)of the small-area OSCs have reached around 20%[2].This makes the community more confident about this technology moving into practical applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51922074, 51673138, 51820105003)the Tang Scholar, the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Newtype Urbanization and Social Governance of Jiangsu Province, National Key Research and Development Program 376 of China (2017YFA0207700)Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (KYCX18_2496)。
文摘The rational design of dopant-free organic hole-transporting layer(HTL) materials is still a challenge for realizing high-efficient and stable p-i-n planar perovskite solar cells(pero-SCs). Here, we synthesized two π-conjugated small-molecule HTL materials through tailoring the backbone and conjugated side chain to carefully control molecular conformation. The resultant BDT-TPAs Th containing a planar fused benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene(BDT) core and a conjugated thiophene side chain showed the planar conformation. X-ray crystallography showed a favorable stacking model in solid states under the parallel-displaced π-πand additional S-π weak-bond supramolecular interactions, thus achieving an obviously increased hole mobility without dopants.As an HTL material in p-i-n planar pero-SCs, the marginal solubility of BDT-TPA-s Th enabled inverse diffusion into the perovskite precursor solution for assisting the subsequent perovskite film growth and passivating the uncoordinated Pb2+ ion defects. As a result, the planar p-i-n pero-SCs exhibited a champion power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 20.5% and enhanced moisture stability. Importantly, the BDT-TPA-s Th HTL material also showed weak thickness-photovoltaic dependence, and the pero-SCs with blade-coated BDT-TPA-s Th as a HTL achieved a 15.30% PCE for the 1-cm2 modularized device. This HTL material design strategy is expected to pave the way toward high-performance, dopant-free and printing large-area planar p-i-n pero-SCs.
基金M.Z.and X.G.acknowledge the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51773142 and 51973146)the Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.BK20190099)the Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science&Technology,and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘Main observation and conclusion Recently,the polymer solar cells(PSCs)based on the PM6 and small molecular acceptor(SMA)Y6 have attracted considerable attention in this community for their outstanding photovoltaic performance.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21875152 and 21404077)the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(No.17KJB150034)+3 种基金the Open Fund of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates,Guangzhou 510640,China(South China University of Technology)(No.2019B030301003)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu High Education Institutions(PAPD).M.N.L.and Q.Z.Z.thank the financial support from Undergraduate Training Program for Innovation and Entrepreneurship,Soochow University(No.2018xj032)H.K.L.acknowledges the supports from Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds(No.1501023B)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2016M591906).
文摘Azide-alkyne click polymerization has become a powerful tool for polymer synthesis.However,the click polymerization between internal alkynes and azides is rarely utilized to prepare functional polymers.In this work,the polymerization reactions of activated internal alkyne monomers of tris(2-butynoate)s(1)with tetraphenylethene-containing diazides(2)were performed in dimethylformamide(DMF)under simple heating,affording four hyperbranched poly(methyltriazolylcarboxylate)s(hb-PMTCs)with high molecular weights(A4W up to 2.4 x 104)and regioregularities(up to 83.9%)in good yields.The hb-PMTCs are soluble in common organic solvents,and thermally stable with 5%weight loss temperatures up to 400℃.They are non-emissive in dilute solution,but become highly emissive in aggregated state,exhibiting aggregationinduced emission characteristics.The polymers can generate fluorescent photopatterns with high resolution,and can work as fluorescent sensors to detect nitroaromatic explosive with high sensitivity.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFA0705900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51820105003,21734008,61904181,52173188 and 52103243)+1 种基金the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDPB13)the Basic and Applied Basic Research Major Program of Guangdong Province(2019B030302007).
文摘Reducing energy loss(V_(loss))is one of the most crucial challenges in organic photovoltaic cells.The V_(loss),determined by the differences between the optical band gap(E_(g))of the active layer material and the open-circuit voltage(V_(oc))of the device,is generally alleviated by lowering the energy difference between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO)and highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO)level of the donor(D)and acceptor(A).In this work,we synthesized two A-π-D-π-A-type small-molecule donors(SMDs)SM-benzotriazole(BTz)-1 and SM-BTz-2 by introducing a BTzπ-bridge unit and terminal regulation.The BTzπ-bridge unit significantly lowers the HOMO energy level of SMDs,resulting in high V_(oc)and high mobility,achieving a balance of low energy loss(<0.5 eV)and high efficiency.Ultimately,the organic solar cells based on SM-BTz-2 as the donor and Y6 as the acceptor obtain a high V_(oc)of 0.91 V,J_(sc) of 22.8 mA cm^(−2),fill factor of 68%,and power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 14.12%,which is one of the highest efficiencies based on the SMDs with triazoleπ-bridges to date.What’s more,the BTzπ-bridge unit is a potential unit that can improve mobility and reduce energy loss.
