The analysis of experimental data demonstrates that platelets and neutrophils are involved in the no-reflow phenomenon,also known as microvascular obstruction(MVO).However,studies performed in the isolated perfused he...The analysis of experimental data demonstrates that platelets and neutrophils are involved in the no-reflow phenomenon,also known as microvascular obstruction(MVO).However,studies performed in the isolated perfused hearts subjected to ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)do not suggest the involvement of microembolization and microthrombi in this phenomenon.The intracoronary administration of alteplase has been found to have no effect on the occurrence of MVO in patients with acute myocardial infarction.Consequently,the major events preceding the appearance of MVO in coronary arteries are independent of microthrombi,platelets,and neutrophils.Endothelial cells appear to be the target where ischemia can disrupt the endothelium-dependent vasodilation of coronary arteries.However,reperfusion triggers more pronounced damage,possibly mediated by pyroptosis.MVO and intra-myocardial hemorrhage contribute to the adverse post-infarction myocardial remodeling.Therefore,pharmacological agents used to treat MVO should prevent endothelial injury and induce relaxation of smooth muscles.Ischemic conditioning protocols have been shown to prevent MVO,with L-type Ca2+channel blockers appearing the most effective in treating MVO.展开更多
The acute myocardial infarction(AMI)and sudden cardiac death(SCD),both associated with acute cardiac ischemia,are one of the leading causes of adult death in economically developed countries.The development of new app...The acute myocardial infarction(AMI)and sudden cardiac death(SCD),both associated with acute cardiac ischemia,are one of the leading causes of adult death in economically developed countries.The development of new approaches for the treatment and prevention of AMI and SCD remains the highest priority for medicine.A study on the cardiovascular effects of chronic hypoxia(CH)may contribute to the development of these methods.Chronic hypoxia exerts both positive and adverse effects.The positive effects are the infarct-reducing,vasoprotective,and antiarrhythmic effects,which can lead to the improvement of cardiac contractility in reperfusion.The adverse effects are pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy.This review presents a comprehensive overview of how CH enhances cardiac tolerance to ischemia/reperfusion.It is an in-depth analysis of the published data on the underlying mechanisms,which can lead to future development of the cardioprotective effect of CH.A better understanding of the CH-activated protective signaling pathways may contribute to new therapeutic approaches in an increase of cardiac tolerance to ischemia/reperfusion.展开更多
Acute myocardial infarction(AMI)is one of the main reasons of cardiovascular disease-related death.The introduction of percutaneous coronary intervention to clinical practice dramatically decreased the mortality rate ...Acute myocardial infarction(AMI)is one of the main reasons of cardiovascular disease-related death.The introduction of percutaneous coronary intervention to clinical practice dramatically decreased the mortality rate in AMI.Adverse cardiac remodeling is a serious problem in cardiology.An increase in the effectiveness of AMI treatment and prevention of adverse cardiac remodeling is difficult to achieve without understanding the mechanisms of reperfusion cardiac injury and cardiac remodeling.Inhibition of pyroptosis prevents the development of postinfarction and pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling,and mitigates cardiomyopathy induced by diabetes and metabolic syndrome.Therefore,it is reasonable to hypothesize that the pyroptosis inhibitors may find a role in clinical practice for treatment of AMI and prevention of cardiac remodeling,diabetes and metabolic syndrome-triggered cardiomyopathy.It was demonstrated that pyroptosis interacts closely with apoptosis and autophagy.Pyroptosis could be inhibited by nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor with a pyrin domain 3 inhibitors,caspase-1 inhibitors,microRNA,angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors,angiotensinⅡreceptor blockers,and traditional Chinese herbal medicines.展开更多
目的本研究旨在通过头低位卧床60d试验,探讨中草药方剂太空养心丸(Tai Kong Yang Xin Prescription)对心血管自主神经功能控制及动脉压力反射功能的影响。方法14名健康志愿者,随机分为对照组(7名)和中草药治疗组(7名)。在卧床试验前、...目的本研究旨在通过头低位卧床60d试验,探讨中草药方剂太空养心丸(Tai Kong Yang Xin Prescription)对心血管自主神经功能控制及动脉压力反射功能的影响。方法14名健康志愿者,随机分为对照组(7名)和中草药治疗组(7名)。在卧床试验前、中、后,对志愿者的心血管变异性和动脉压力反射敏感度进行了详细评估。结果所有志愿者的心率都随卧床期的延长而逐步升高,并且在卧床后恢复期的第12天仍未恢复到卧床前的基础水平;平均动脉压也在卧床试验过程中逐渐升高,但在卧床结束后的第12天缓慢恢复到卧床前的水平;压力反射敏感度和呼吸性窦性心律不齐在卧床试验中明显下降,且在卧床结束后的恢复期仍保持很低水平;动脉收缩压的低频功率在卧床试验开始后升高,该值在整个卧床期及卧床后的恢复期均保持着较高的水平。虽然上述变化在对照组和中草药治疗组中没有显著性差异,并且两组的压力反射最佳延迟时间在卧床后均明显增加,但是在卧床期结束后的第12天,压力反射最佳延迟时间只在中草药治疗组中出现了部分的恢复。结论本研究首次探讨了太空养心丸对人体心脏自主神经功能影响的评价。研究结果表明该方剂对志愿者在模拟失重试验结束后的动脉压力反射最佳延迟时间的恢复有明显的帮助。展开更多
Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide.Recent studies have shown that circular RNAs(circRNAs)have emerged as important players in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular dise...Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide.Recent studies have shown that circular RNAs(circRNAs)have emerged as important players in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.circRNAs are a class of endogenous noncoding RNAs that are generated by back-splicing and are involved in many pathophysiological processes.In this review,we outline the current research progress on the regulatory roles of circRNAs in cardiovascular diseases.Further,new technologies and methods available for identifying,validating,synthesizing,and analyzing circRNAs,as well as their applications in therapeutics,are highlighted here.Moreover,we summarize the increasing insights into the potential use of circRNAs as circulating diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.Finally,we discuss the prospects and challenges of circRNA therapeutic applications for cardiovascular disease therapy,with a particular focus on developing circRNA synthesis and engineering delivery systems.展开更多
基金supported by the Russian Science Foundation(Grant No.23-65-10017)The mini-chapter on treatment of MVO was supported by state assignment 122020300042-4.
文摘The analysis of experimental data demonstrates that platelets and neutrophils are involved in the no-reflow phenomenon,also known as microvascular obstruction(MVO).However,studies performed in the isolated perfused hearts subjected to ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)do not suggest the involvement of microembolization and microthrombi in this phenomenon.The intracoronary administration of alteplase has been found to have no effect on the occurrence of MVO in patients with acute myocardial infarction.Consequently,the major events preceding the appearance of MVO in coronary arteries are independent of microthrombi,platelets,and neutrophils.Endothelial cells appear to be the target where ischemia can disrupt the endothelium-dependent vasodilation of coronary arteries.However,reperfusion triggers more pronounced damage,possibly mediated by pyroptosis.MVO and intra-myocardial hemorrhage contribute to the adverse post-infarction myocardial remodeling.Therefore,pharmacological agents used to treat MVO should prevent endothelial injury and induce relaxation of smooth muscles.Ischemic conditioning protocols have been shown to prevent MVO,with L-type Ca2+channel blockers appearing the most effective in treating MVO.
基金supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant 22-15-00048The section dedicated to the role of kinases in the cardioprotective effect of CH is framed within the framework of state assignments 122020300042-4.
文摘The acute myocardial infarction(AMI)and sudden cardiac death(SCD),both associated with acute cardiac ischemia,are one of the leading causes of adult death in economically developed countries.The development of new approaches for the treatment and prevention of AMI and SCD remains the highest priority for medicine.A study on the cardiovascular effects of chronic hypoxia(CH)may contribute to the development of these methods.Chronic hypoxia exerts both positive and adverse effects.The positive effects are the infarct-reducing,vasoprotective,and antiarrhythmic effects,which can lead to the improvement of cardiac contractility in reperfusion.The adverse effects are pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy.This review presents a comprehensive overview of how CH enhances cardiac tolerance to ischemia/reperfusion.It is an in-depth analysis of the published data on the underlying mechanisms,which can lead to future development of the cardioprotective effect of CH.A better understanding of the CH-activated protective signaling pathways may contribute to new therapeutic approaches in an increase of cardiac tolerance to ischemia/reperfusion.
基金supported by Russian Foundation of Basic Research(Grant No.21-515-53003)
文摘Acute myocardial infarction(AMI)is one of the main reasons of cardiovascular disease-related death.The introduction of percutaneous coronary intervention to clinical practice dramatically decreased the mortality rate in AMI.Adverse cardiac remodeling is a serious problem in cardiology.An increase in the effectiveness of AMI treatment and prevention of adverse cardiac remodeling is difficult to achieve without understanding the mechanisms of reperfusion cardiac injury and cardiac remodeling.Inhibition of pyroptosis prevents the development of postinfarction and pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling,and mitigates cardiomyopathy induced by diabetes and metabolic syndrome.Therefore,it is reasonable to hypothesize that the pyroptosis inhibitors may find a role in clinical practice for treatment of AMI and prevention of cardiac remodeling,diabetes and metabolic syndrome-triggered cardiomyopathy.It was demonstrated that pyroptosis interacts closely with apoptosis and autophagy.Pyroptosis could be inhibited by nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor with a pyrin domain 3 inhibitors,caspase-1 inhibitors,microRNA,angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors,angiotensinⅡreceptor blockers,and traditional Chinese herbal medicines.
文摘目的本研究旨在通过头低位卧床60d试验,探讨中草药方剂太空养心丸(Tai Kong Yang Xin Prescription)对心血管自主神经功能控制及动脉压力反射功能的影响。方法14名健康志愿者,随机分为对照组(7名)和中草药治疗组(7名)。在卧床试验前、中、后,对志愿者的心血管变异性和动脉压力反射敏感度进行了详细评估。结果所有志愿者的心率都随卧床期的延长而逐步升高,并且在卧床后恢复期的第12天仍未恢复到卧床前的基础水平;平均动脉压也在卧床试验过程中逐渐升高,但在卧床结束后的第12天缓慢恢复到卧床前的水平;压力反射敏感度和呼吸性窦性心律不齐在卧床试验中明显下降,且在卧床结束后的恢复期仍保持很低水平;动脉收缩压的低频功率在卧床试验开始后升高,该值在整个卧床期及卧床后的恢复期均保持着较高的水平。虽然上述变化在对照组和中草药治疗组中没有显著性差异,并且两组的压力反射最佳延迟时间在卧床后均明显增加,但是在卧床期结束后的第12天,压力反射最佳延迟时间只在中草药治疗组中出现了部分的恢复。结论本研究首次探讨了太空养心丸对人体心脏自主神经功能影响的评价。研究结果表明该方剂对志愿者在模拟失重试验结束后的动脉压力反射最佳延迟时间的恢复有明显的帮助。
基金the grants from National Key Research and Development Project(2018YFE0113500 to J.X.)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82020108002 and 82225005 to J.X.and 82270291 to L.W.)+3 种基金Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(2017-01-07-00-09-E00042 to J.X.)the grant from Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(21XD1421300 and 20DZ2255400 to J.X.)the“Dawn”Program of Shanghai Education Commission(19SG34 to J.X.)ZonMw PSIDER grant(no.10250022110004)to J.P.G.S.
文摘Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide.Recent studies have shown that circular RNAs(circRNAs)have emerged as important players in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.circRNAs are a class of endogenous noncoding RNAs that are generated by back-splicing and are involved in many pathophysiological processes.In this review,we outline the current research progress on the regulatory roles of circRNAs in cardiovascular diseases.Further,new technologies and methods available for identifying,validating,synthesizing,and analyzing circRNAs,as well as their applications in therapeutics,are highlighted here.Moreover,we summarize the increasing insights into the potential use of circRNAs as circulating diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.Finally,we discuss the prospects and challenges of circRNA therapeutic applications for cardiovascular disease therapy,with a particular focus on developing circRNA synthesis and engineering delivery systems.
