Background:In recent years,online trolling has garnered significant attention due to its detrimental effects on mental health and social well-being.The current study examined the influence of peer victimization on ado...Background:In recent years,online trolling has garnered significant attention due to its detrimental effects on mental health and social well-being.The current study examined the influence of peer victimization on adolescent online trolling behavior,proposing that hostile attribution bias mediated this relationship and that trait mindfulness moderated both the direct and indirect effects.Methods:A total of 833 Chinese adolescents completed the measurements of peer victimization,hostile attribution bias,trait mindfulness,and online trolling.Moderated mediation analysis was performed to examine the relationships between these variables.Results:After controlling for gender and residential address,the study found a significant positive correlation between peer victimization and online trolling,with hostile attribution bias serving as a mediator.In addition,trait mindfulness moderated the direct relationship between peer victimization and online trolling.Specifically,the effect of peer victimization on online trolling was attenuated when adolescents had high levels of trait mindfulness.The results of the study emphasized the joint role of peer and personal factors in adolescents’online trolling behavior and provide certain strategies for intervening in adolescents’online trolling behavior.Conclusion:The results of the study suggest that strategies focusing on peer support and mindfulness training can have a positive impact on reducing online trolling behavior,promoting adolescents’mental health,and their long-term development.展开更多
The relapse of methamphetamine (meth) is associated with decision-making dysfunction. The present study aims to investigate theimpact of different emotions on the decision-making behavior of meth users. We used 2 (gen...The relapse of methamphetamine (meth) is associated with decision-making dysfunction. The present study aims to investigate theimpact of different emotions on the decision-making behavior of meth users. We used 2 (gender: male, female) × 3 (emotion:positive, negative, neutral) × 5 (block: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) mixed experiment design. The study involved 168 meth users who weredivided into three groups: positive emotion, negative emotion and neutral emotion group, and tested by the emotional IowaGambling Task (IGT). The IGT performance of male users exhibited a decreasing trend from Block 1 to Block 3. Female methusers in positive emotion had the best performance in IGT than females in the other two groups. In positive emotion, the IGTperformance of female meth users was significantly better than that of men. Female meth users in positive emotion had betterdecision-making than those in negative or neutral emotion. Female meth users in positive emotion had better decision-makingperformance than males in positive emotion. In negative and neutral emotions, there was no significant gender difference indecision-making.展开更多
Objective:This study aims to evaluate the feasibility,acceptability,and efficacy of StomieCare for rectal cancer patients undergoing surgery with a temporary stoma.StomieCare(three individual sessions)comprises themat...Objective:This study aims to evaluate the feasibility,acceptability,and efficacy of StomieCare for rectal cancer patients undergoing surgery with a temporary stoma.StomieCare(three individual sessions)comprises thematic discussions,information and education,and teaching problem-solving and cognitive restructuring.Methods:Thirty-seven rectal cancer participants treated by surgery and temporary stoma were recruited and randomized to control(routine care approach,n=20)and intervention(routine care and StomieCare,n=17)groups.Outcomes were psychological distress(anxiety and depression,HADS),body image(BIS,ESS),and quality of life(FACT-C),at one week before surgery(T1)and 3 months after stoma closure(T2).Interand intragroup statistical analyses were performed.Results:This study demonstrated that StomieCare is feasible and acceptable.At T2,depression scores were higher for controls than for the intervention group.The mean scores for quality of life,depression,and body image decreased in the control group but remained stable in the intervention group.Anxiety scores significantly decreased between T1 and T2 only for the control group.Conclusion:StomieCare is a feasible and acceptable intervention for the prevention of depressive symptomatology.展开更多
Social media has become increasingly popular and is now a significant tool for daily communication for many people.The use of social media can cause anxiety and have detrimental impacts on mental health.Cognitive impa...Social media has become increasingly popular and is now a significant tool for daily communication for many people.The use of social media can cause anxiety and have detrimental impacts on mental health.Cognitive impairment is more likely to affect individuals with anxiety.Investigating the cognitive abilities and mental health of social media users requires the development of new methodologies.This study employed the AX-Continuous Performance Test(AX-CPT)paradigm and the Stroop paradigm to study the cognitive control characteristics of trait anxiety,drawing on psychological experimental methods.Previous studies on whether trait anxiety impairs cognitive control remain controversial,possibly because cognitive control is viewed as a whole.It may also be due to the motivational effect of anxiety,which compensates for the impairment of cognitive control caused by anxiety through the recruitment of cognitive resources.Understanding the mental health and cognitive control traits of anxious social media users can be improved by using the Dual Mechanisms of Cognitive Control Account,which divides cognitive control into proactive and reactive control.Thefindings demonstrate that trait anxiety has an impact on both proactive and reactive control,while working memory load did not modulate the effect of trait anxiety on cognitive control.These results support the attentional control theory and provide a new approach to studying the mental health of social media users.展开更多
Study aim: Movement control systems are altered by the aging process. Numerous researches have explained the changes that occur with aging, and many of those changes are related to central nervous system (CNS) effects...Study aim: Movement control systems are altered by the aging process. Numerous researches have explained the changes that occur with aging, and many of those changes are related to central nervous system (CNS) effects. This article evaluates the impact of age, the practice of regular physical activity, and the task complexity on decision-making ability. Methods: 120 healthy male subjects volunteered to participate in this study. They included 60 young adults (i.e., 30 sedentary and 30 active) (age: 24.35 ± 2.82 years), as well as 60 older adults (age: 66.42 ± 4.06 years) (i.e., 30 sedentary and 30 active). They performed two types of tasks (i.e., simple and complex) to measure reaction time (RT). Subjects perceive visual stimuli through the computer screen. Results: Our results showed that older active subjects have lower RT than older sedentary subjects (p i.e., simple or complex). Conclusions: Physical activity improves the decision making ability in older subjects.展开更多
Effortful control (EC) is a temperamental self-regulatory capacity, defined as the efficiency of executive attention [1], which is related to individual differences in self-regulation. Although effortful control cover...Effortful control (EC) is a temperamental self-regulatory capacity, defined as the efficiency of executive attention [1], which is related to individual differences in self-regulation. Although effortful control covers some dispositional self-regulatory abilities important to cope with social demands of successful adaptation to school, such as attention regulation, individual differences in EC have recently been associated with school functioning through academic achievement including the efficient use of learning-related behaviors, which have been found to be a necessary precursor of learning and they refer to a set of children’s behaviors that involve organizational skills and appropriate habits of study. Therefore, the aim of this study is to review the literature on EC’s relationship to academic achievement via learning-related behaviors, which reflect the use of metacognitive control processes in kindergarten and elementary school students. The findings indicate that EC affects academic achievement through the facilitation of the efficient use of metacognitive control processes.展开更多
Background:Adolescents are highly vulnerable to depressive symptoms worldwide partially because of limited social supports.However,it still remains largely unknown regarding the associations between social support(s)a...Background:Adolescents are highly vulnerable to depressive symptoms worldwide partially because of limited social supports.However,it still remains largely unknown regarding the associations between social support(s)and depressive symptoms among adolescents living in low-and middle-income countries(LMICs).The aim of this study aimed to explore the associations between different types of social support and depressive symptoms in adolescents from LMICs.Methods:Data were retrieved from the Global School-based Health Survey(GSHS)in which 92,551 adolescents(50.6%females)were included with mean of 15.6 years.Depressive symptoms in the past one month as the dependent variable were measured in combination with social support(was measured by“During the past 30 days,how often were most of the students in your school kind and helpful?”).Multivariable logistic regression and meta-analysis of country-wise estimates were performed to investigate the associations between social support and depressive symptoms,and the heterogeneity of the associations across the countries,respectively.Results:The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 30.9%of adolescents from LMICs.Peer support and parental connectedness were two major factors that were significantly associated with depression symptoms in adolescents.However,the associations of peer support and parental connectedness with depressive symptoms were significant in males and females,respectively.The country-wise analysis indicated that varied inconsistency(small to large)across the associations of peer support and parental connectedness with depressive symptoms in adolescents.Conclusion:Results in this study provides multi-national evidence of the protective roles of social support against depressive symptoms among adolescents.However,the association between social support and depression symptoms may be moderated by sex and types of social support.Although we found that social sup-port may be an important protective factor against depressive symptoms in adolescents from LMICs,specifically designed interventions should be implemented based on sex difference and country difference.展开更多
To the Editor:Major depressive disorder(MDD)affects over 300 million individuals globally,impairing daily life and leading to severe cases of suicide.Child maltreatment(CM),encompassing various types of mistreatment t...To the Editor:Major depressive disorder(MDD)affects over 300 million individuals globally,impairing daily life and leading to severe cases of suicide.Child maltreatment(CM),encompassing various types of mistreatment to children under 18 years,is a predisposing factor for MDD,with approximately 46%of MDD patients having experienced CM.[1]Understanding the biological mechanisms linking CM to MDD may reveal prevention and management strategies.展开更多
Background:Behavioral inhibitory control(BIC)depicts a cognitive function of inhibiting inappropriate dominant responses to meet the context requirement.Despite abundant research into neural substrates of BIC during t...Background:Behavioral inhibitory control(BIC)depicts a cognitive function of inhibiting inappropriate dominant responses to meet the context requirement.Despite abundant research into neural substrates of BIC during the go/no-go and stop signal tasks,these tasks were consistently shown hard to isolate neural processes of response inhibition,which is of primary interest,from those of response generation.Therefore,it is necessary to explore neural substrates of BIC using the two-choice oddball(TCO)task,whose design of dual responses is thought to produce an inhibition effect free of the confounds of response generation.Objective:The current study aims at depicting neural substrates of performing behavioral inhibitory control in the two-choice oddball task,which designs dual responses to balance response generation.Also,neural substrates of performing BIC during this task are compared with those in the go/no-go task,which designs a motor response in a single condition.Methods:The present study integrated go/no-go(GNG)and TCO tasks into a new Three-Choice BIC paradigm,which consists of stan-dard(75%),deviant(12.5%),and no-go(12.5%)conditions simultaneously.Forty-eight college students participated in this experiment,which required them to respond to standard(frequent)and deviant stimuli by pressing different keys,while inhibiting motor response to no-go stimuli.Conjunction analysis and ROI(region of interest)analysis were adopted to identify the unique neural mechanisms that subserve the processes of BIC.Results:Both tasks are effective in assessing BIC function,reflected by the significantly lower accuracy of no-go compared to standard condition in GNG,and the significantly lower accuracy and longer reaction time of deviant compared to standard condition in TCO.However,there were no significant differences between deviant and no-go conditions in accuracy.Moreover,functional neuroimaging has demonstrated that the anterior cingulate cortex(ACC)activation was observed for no-go vs.standard contrast in the GNG task,but not in deviant vs.standard contrast in the TCO task,suggesting that ACC involvement is not a necessary component of BIC.Second,ROI analysis of areas that were co-activated in TCO and GNG showed co-activations in the right inferior frontal cortex(triangle and orbital),with the signals in the TCO task significantly higher than those in the GNG task.Conclusions:These findings show that the designed responses to both standard and deviant stimuli in the TCO task,compared to the GNG task,produced a more prominent prefrontal inhibitory processing and extinguished an unnecessary component of ACC activation during BIC.This implies that prefrontal involvement,but not that of ACC,is mandatory for the successful performance of inhibiting prepotent behaviors.展开更多
基金supported by the Sichuan Provincial Philosophy and Social Science Foundation Project(General Project)titled‘Research on the Influence Mechanism and Intervention of Mindfulness on Online Trolling among Adolescents’(Grant Number:SCJJ23ND227).
文摘Background:In recent years,online trolling has garnered significant attention due to its detrimental effects on mental health and social well-being.The current study examined the influence of peer victimization on adolescent online trolling behavior,proposing that hostile attribution bias mediated this relationship and that trait mindfulness moderated both the direct and indirect effects.Methods:A total of 833 Chinese adolescents completed the measurements of peer victimization,hostile attribution bias,trait mindfulness,and online trolling.Moderated mediation analysis was performed to examine the relationships between these variables.Results:After controlling for gender and residential address,the study found a significant positive correlation between peer victimization and online trolling,with hostile attribution bias serving as a mediator.In addition,trait mindfulness moderated the direct relationship between peer victimization and online trolling.Specifically,the effect of peer victimization on online trolling was attenuated when adolescents had high levels of trait mindfulness.The results of the study emphasized the joint role of peer and personal factors in adolescents’online trolling behavior and provide certain strategies for intervening in adolescents’online trolling behavior.Conclusion:The results of the study suggest that strategies focusing on peer support and mindfulness training can have a positive impact on reducing online trolling behavior,promoting adolescents’mental health,and their long-term development.
基金supported by grants from the National Social Science Foundation of China(19BGL230)the Key Project of Social Science Planning in Jiangxi Province(23JY01).
文摘The relapse of methamphetamine (meth) is associated with decision-making dysfunction. The present study aims to investigate theimpact of different emotions on the decision-making behavior of meth users. We used 2 (gender: male, female) × 3 (emotion:positive, negative, neutral) × 5 (block: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) mixed experiment design. The study involved 168 meth users who weredivided into three groups: positive emotion, negative emotion and neutral emotion group, and tested by the emotional IowaGambling Task (IGT). The IGT performance of male users exhibited a decreasing trend from Block 1 to Block 3. Female methusers in positive emotion had the best performance in IGT than females in the other two groups. In positive emotion, the IGTperformance of female meth users was significantly better than that of men. Female meth users in positive emotion had betterdecision-making than those in negative or neutral emotion. Female meth users in positive emotion had better decision-makingperformance than males in positive emotion. In negative and neutral emotions, there was no significant gender difference indecision-making.
文摘Objective:This study aims to evaluate the feasibility,acceptability,and efficacy of StomieCare for rectal cancer patients undergoing surgery with a temporary stoma.StomieCare(three individual sessions)comprises thematic discussions,information and education,and teaching problem-solving and cognitive restructuring.Methods:Thirty-seven rectal cancer participants treated by surgery and temporary stoma were recruited and randomized to control(routine care approach,n=20)and intervention(routine care and StomieCare,n=17)groups.Outcomes were psychological distress(anxiety and depression,HADS),body image(BIS,ESS),and quality of life(FACT-C),at one week before surgery(T1)and 3 months after stoma closure(T2).Interand intragroup statistical analyses were performed.Results:This study demonstrated that StomieCare is feasible and acceptable.At T2,depression scores were higher for controls than for the intervention group.The mean scores for quality of life,depression,and body image decreased in the control group but remained stable in the intervention group.Anxiety scores significantly decreased between T1 and T2 only for the control group.Conclusion:StomieCare is a feasible and acceptable intervention for the prevention of depressive symptomatology.
文摘Social media has become increasingly popular and is now a significant tool for daily communication for many people.The use of social media can cause anxiety and have detrimental impacts on mental health.Cognitive impairment is more likely to affect individuals with anxiety.Investigating the cognitive abilities and mental health of social media users requires the development of new methodologies.This study employed the AX-Continuous Performance Test(AX-CPT)paradigm and the Stroop paradigm to study the cognitive control characteristics of trait anxiety,drawing on psychological experimental methods.Previous studies on whether trait anxiety impairs cognitive control remain controversial,possibly because cognitive control is viewed as a whole.It may also be due to the motivational effect of anxiety,which compensates for the impairment of cognitive control caused by anxiety through the recruitment of cognitive resources.Understanding the mental health and cognitive control traits of anxious social media users can be improved by using the Dual Mechanisms of Cognitive Control Account,which divides cognitive control into proactive and reactive control.Thefindings demonstrate that trait anxiety has an impact on both proactive and reactive control,while working memory load did not modulate the effect of trait anxiety on cognitive control.These results support the attentional control theory and provide a new approach to studying the mental health of social media users.
文摘Study aim: Movement control systems are altered by the aging process. Numerous researches have explained the changes that occur with aging, and many of those changes are related to central nervous system (CNS) effects. This article evaluates the impact of age, the practice of regular physical activity, and the task complexity on decision-making ability. Methods: 120 healthy male subjects volunteered to participate in this study. They included 60 young adults (i.e., 30 sedentary and 30 active) (age: 24.35 ± 2.82 years), as well as 60 older adults (age: 66.42 ± 4.06 years) (i.e., 30 sedentary and 30 active). They performed two types of tasks (i.e., simple and complex) to measure reaction time (RT). Subjects perceive visual stimuli through the computer screen. Results: Our results showed that older active subjects have lower RT than older sedentary subjects (p i.e., simple or complex). Conclusions: Physical activity improves the decision making ability in older subjects.
文摘Effortful control (EC) is a temperamental self-regulatory capacity, defined as the efficiency of executive attention [1], which is related to individual differences in self-regulation. Although effortful control covers some dispositional self-regulatory abilities important to cope with social demands of successful adaptation to school, such as attention regulation, individual differences in EC have recently been associated with school functioning through academic achievement including the efficient use of learning-related behaviors, which have been found to be a necessary precursor of learning and they refer to a set of children’s behaviors that involve organizational skills and appropriate habits of study. Therefore, the aim of this study is to review the literature on EC’s relationship to academic achievement via learning-related behaviors, which reflect the use of metacognitive control processes in kindergarten and elementary school students. The findings indicate that EC affects academic achievement through the facilitation of the efficient use of metacognitive control processes.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871115).
文摘Background:Adolescents are highly vulnerable to depressive symptoms worldwide partially because of limited social supports.However,it still remains largely unknown regarding the associations between social support(s)and depressive symptoms among adolescents living in low-and middle-income countries(LMICs).The aim of this study aimed to explore the associations between different types of social support and depressive symptoms in adolescents from LMICs.Methods:Data were retrieved from the Global School-based Health Survey(GSHS)in which 92,551 adolescents(50.6%females)were included with mean of 15.6 years.Depressive symptoms in the past one month as the dependent variable were measured in combination with social support(was measured by“During the past 30 days,how often were most of the students in your school kind and helpful?”).Multivariable logistic regression and meta-analysis of country-wise estimates were performed to investigate the associations between social support and depressive symptoms,and the heterogeneity of the associations across the countries,respectively.Results:The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 30.9%of adolescents from LMICs.Peer support and parental connectedness were two major factors that were significantly associated with depression symptoms in adolescents.However,the associations of peer support and parental connectedness with depressive symptoms were significant in males and females,respectively.The country-wise analysis indicated that varied inconsistency(small to large)across the associations of peer support and parental connectedness with depressive symptoms in adolescents.Conclusion:Results in this study provides multi-national evidence of the protective roles of social support against depressive symptoms among adolescents.However,the association between social support and depression symptoms may be moderated by sex and types of social support.Although we found that social sup-port may be an important protective factor against depressive symptoms in adolescents from LMICs,specifically designed interventions should be implemented based on sex difference and country difference.
基金funded by the Science and Technology Innovation 2030 Major Projects(No.2022ZD0211600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82071204 and 82271574 to XCM,and 82201237 to CCH)the Key Project of Jiangsu Commission of Health(No.ZDB2020008).
文摘To the Editor:Major depressive disorder(MDD)affects over 300 million individuals globally,impairing daily life and leading to severe cases of suicide.Child maltreatment(CM),encompassing various types of mistreatment to children under 18 years,is a predisposing factor for MDD,with approximately 46%of MDD patients having experienced CM.[1]Understanding the biological mechanisms linking CM to MDD may reveal prevention and management strategies.
基金supported by the national natural science foundation of China (NSFC31971018)Sichuan distinguished young scholar fund (2023NSFSC1938).
文摘Background:Behavioral inhibitory control(BIC)depicts a cognitive function of inhibiting inappropriate dominant responses to meet the context requirement.Despite abundant research into neural substrates of BIC during the go/no-go and stop signal tasks,these tasks were consistently shown hard to isolate neural processes of response inhibition,which is of primary interest,from those of response generation.Therefore,it is necessary to explore neural substrates of BIC using the two-choice oddball(TCO)task,whose design of dual responses is thought to produce an inhibition effect free of the confounds of response generation.Objective:The current study aims at depicting neural substrates of performing behavioral inhibitory control in the two-choice oddball task,which designs dual responses to balance response generation.Also,neural substrates of performing BIC during this task are compared with those in the go/no-go task,which designs a motor response in a single condition.Methods:The present study integrated go/no-go(GNG)and TCO tasks into a new Three-Choice BIC paradigm,which consists of stan-dard(75%),deviant(12.5%),and no-go(12.5%)conditions simultaneously.Forty-eight college students participated in this experiment,which required them to respond to standard(frequent)and deviant stimuli by pressing different keys,while inhibiting motor response to no-go stimuli.Conjunction analysis and ROI(region of interest)analysis were adopted to identify the unique neural mechanisms that subserve the processes of BIC.Results:Both tasks are effective in assessing BIC function,reflected by the significantly lower accuracy of no-go compared to standard condition in GNG,and the significantly lower accuracy and longer reaction time of deviant compared to standard condition in TCO.However,there were no significant differences between deviant and no-go conditions in accuracy.Moreover,functional neuroimaging has demonstrated that the anterior cingulate cortex(ACC)activation was observed for no-go vs.standard contrast in the GNG task,but not in deviant vs.standard contrast in the TCO task,suggesting that ACC involvement is not a necessary component of BIC.Second,ROI analysis of areas that were co-activated in TCO and GNG showed co-activations in the right inferior frontal cortex(triangle and orbital),with the signals in the TCO task significantly higher than those in the GNG task.Conclusions:These findings show that the designed responses to both standard and deviant stimuli in the TCO task,compared to the GNG task,produced a more prominent prefrontal inhibitory processing and extinguished an unnecessary component of ACC activation during BIC.This implies that prefrontal involvement,but not that of ACC,is mandatory for the successful performance of inhibiting prepotent behaviors.
