Epigenetic modifications modulate conformational structure of chromatin and consequently gene expression by enzyme-mediated chemical modifications of DNA and histones.The activities of epigenetic modifying enzymes dep...Epigenetic modifications modulate conformational structure of chromatin and consequently gene expression by enzyme-mediated chemical modifications of DNA and histones.The activities of epigenetic modifying enzymes depend on many co-substrates and cofactors,such as 2-oxoglutarate(2-OG),iron,S-adenosylmethionine(SAM),nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD+),flavin adenine dinucleotide(FAD),and acetyl-CoA.These factors are inter-connecting molecules that integrate cellular nutrient metabolism and redox homeostasis,two key regulators of cell proliferation,cell survival,and cell functions.Dysregulation of such delicate regulatory network has been implicated in many pathological conditions and also been increasingly recognized as an emerging mechanism responsible for environmental pollutant-induced adverse effects.In this review,we first summarize DNA and histone modifying enzymes and their essential factors,then discuss the metabolic sources and the redox regulatory roles of these enzymatic factors,and finally elaborate the mechanisms of how targeting such factors by environmental pollutants influences epigenetic regulation and perturbs cellular functions.展开更多
Along with the transitions of social and economic development,dietary patterns and physical activity and life-styles,the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity has increased at an astonishing rate in the past ...Along with the transitions of social and economic development,dietary patterns and physical activity and life-styles,the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity has increased at an astonishing rate in the past decades,and has become one of the most serious public health challenges.Meanwhile,the stunting rate has declined with slowly pace,while millions of young lives are still be threatened by wasting all over the word.The present situation of Double Burden of Malnutrition should be recognized clearly and addressed seriously,which refers to,the common presence of both obesity and underweight in the same populations,communities and even families.In order to provide guidance on the appropriate assessment and management of infants and children presenting to primary health-care facilities,to reduce the risk of overweight and obesity among children,the Guideline Assessing and Managing Children at Primary Healthcare Facilities to Prevent Overweight and Obesity in the Context of the Double Burden of Malnutrition was developed and released by WHO in 2017 using the procedures outlined in the WHO handbook for guideline development.The WHO Guideline(2017)is intended primarily for use in low-and medium-resource settings where both under-nutrition and obesity are prevalent.In this guideline,there are three prioritized speci c areas and questions for infants and children presenting to primary health-care facilities:anthropometric assessment,care of infants and children with acute or chronic malnutrition,and care of children who are overweight or obese.It is recommended that for infants and children aged<5 years presenting primary health-care facilities,weight and length/height should be measured and evaluate adequately,general nutrition and physical activity counselling should be provided for related caregivers and families,identi cation and appropriate management plan should be developed at primary health-care level.The discrepancies of the recommendation on the three prioritized areas in di erent guidelines are compared in this paper.All the related guidelines emphasize the important of anthropometric measurement and monitor of growth for primary care workers and suggest dietary and physical activity counselling for obese people.Almost all the guidelines provide recommendations on breastfeeding and continued feeding counselling from the aspect of improving the status of acute or chronic malnutrition.The setting condition should be carefully considered when taking the guidelines of di erent organizations and countries into application.展开更多
In this study,a new parameter,S phase cell percentage(S fraction)normalized BrdU(SFN-BrdU)incorporation rate,was introduced to detect S arrest.The results showed a positive linear correlation between the BrdU incorpor...In this study,a new parameter,S phase cell percentage(S fraction)normalized BrdU(SFN-BrdU)incorporation rate,was introduced to detect S arrest.The results showed a positive linear correlation between the BrdU incorporation rate and the S fraction in unperturbed 16HBE cells.Theoretical analysis indicated that only S展开更多
We used Smo siRNA to inhibit hedgehog signaling pathway in embryonic day(E)13 palatal shelves in organ culture.Si RNA 4 was chosen as the most efficient from four synthesized Smo si RNAs.Palatal shelf fusion rate of 4...We used Smo siRNA to inhibit hedgehog signaling pathway in embryonic day(E)13 palatal shelves in organ culture.Si RNA 4 was chosen as the most efficient from four synthesized Smo si RNAs.Palatal shelf fusion rate of 4μg/m L cyclopamine group was the lowest and significantly lower than that of blank control group(P<0.05),and that of si RNA 4 group was also lower than that of展开更多
Objective To investigate the role of autophagy in MnC l2-induced apoptosis in human bronchial epithelial 16 HBE cells.Methods Cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay.Mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP) and apop...Objective To investigate the role of autophagy in MnC l2-induced apoptosis in human bronchial epithelial 16 HBE cells.Methods Cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay.Mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP) and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry.Autophagic vacuoles were detected by fluorescence microscopy.Cellular levels of apoptosis and autophagy-related proteins were measured by western blotting.Results 16 HBE cell proliferation was inhibited by Mn Cl2 in a dose-and time-dependent manner.Mn Cl2-induced 16 HBE cell growth inhibition was related to MMP depolarization prior to the induction of apoptosis.Our data revealed that Mn Cl2-induced apoptosis in 16 HBE cells was mediated by decreased expression of Bcl-2 and increased levels of cleaved caspase-3.It was observed that when we exposed 16 HBE cells to MnCl_2 in a dose-dependent manner,the formation of autophagic vacuoles and the levels of LC-3B-II were elevated.RNA interference of LC3 B in these Mn Cl2-exposed cells demonstrated that MMP loss and apoptosis were enhanced.Additionally,the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK increased the cellular levels of Bcl-2 and decreased apoptosis,but did not affect the cellular levels of LC3 B in Mn Cl2-treated 16 HBE cells.Conclusion Mn Cl2 dose-and time-dependently inhibits 16 HBE cell proliferation and induces MMP loss and apoptosis.Autophagy acts in a protective role against Mn Cl2-induced apoptosis in 16 HBE cells.展开更多
基金This work is funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81773466)to W.H,and by Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorder Related Cardiovascular Disease(No.DXWL2023-06)to W.X.
文摘Epigenetic modifications modulate conformational structure of chromatin and consequently gene expression by enzyme-mediated chemical modifications of DNA and histones.The activities of epigenetic modifying enzymes depend on many co-substrates and cofactors,such as 2-oxoglutarate(2-OG),iron,S-adenosylmethionine(SAM),nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD+),flavin adenine dinucleotide(FAD),and acetyl-CoA.These factors are inter-connecting molecules that integrate cellular nutrient metabolism and redox homeostasis,two key regulators of cell proliferation,cell survival,and cell functions.Dysregulation of such delicate regulatory network has been implicated in many pathological conditions and also been increasingly recognized as an emerging mechanism responsible for environmental pollutant-induced adverse effects.In this review,we first summarize DNA and histone modifying enzymes and their essential factors,then discuss the metabolic sources and the redox regulatory roles of these enzymatic factors,and finally elaborate the mechanisms of how targeting such factors by environmental pollutants influences epigenetic regulation and perturbs cellular functions.
文摘Along with the transitions of social and economic development,dietary patterns and physical activity and life-styles,the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity has increased at an astonishing rate in the past decades,and has become one of the most serious public health challenges.Meanwhile,the stunting rate has declined with slowly pace,while millions of young lives are still be threatened by wasting all over the word.The present situation of Double Burden of Malnutrition should be recognized clearly and addressed seriously,which refers to,the common presence of both obesity and underweight in the same populations,communities and even families.In order to provide guidance on the appropriate assessment and management of infants and children presenting to primary health-care facilities,to reduce the risk of overweight and obesity among children,the Guideline Assessing and Managing Children at Primary Healthcare Facilities to Prevent Overweight and Obesity in the Context of the Double Burden of Malnutrition was developed and released by WHO in 2017 using the procedures outlined in the WHO handbook for guideline development.The WHO Guideline(2017)is intended primarily for use in low-and medium-resource settings where both under-nutrition and obesity are prevalent.In this guideline,there are three prioritized speci c areas and questions for infants and children presenting to primary health-care facilities:anthropometric assessment,care of infants and children with acute or chronic malnutrition,and care of children who are overweight or obese.It is recommended that for infants and children aged<5 years presenting primary health-care facilities,weight and length/height should be measured and evaluate adequately,general nutrition and physical activity counselling should be provided for related caregivers and families,identi cation and appropriate management plan should be developed at primary health-care level.The discrepancies of the recommendation on the three prioritized areas in di erent guidelines are compared in this paper.All the related guidelines emphasize the important of anthropometric measurement and monitor of growth for primary care workers and suggest dietary and physical activity counselling for obese people.Almost all the guidelines provide recommendations on breastfeeding and continued feeding counselling from the aspect of improving the status of acute or chronic malnutrition.The setting condition should be carefully considered when taking the guidelines of di erent organizations and countries into application.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Nos.81370079 and 81001253)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.7132122)
文摘In this study,a new parameter,S phase cell percentage(S fraction)normalized BrdU(SFN-BrdU)incorporation rate,was introduced to detect S arrest.The results showed a positive linear correlation between the BrdU incorporation rate and the S fraction in unperturbed 16HBE cells.Theoretical analysis indicated that only S
文摘We used Smo siRNA to inhibit hedgehog signaling pathway in embryonic day(E)13 palatal shelves in organ culture.Si RNA 4 was chosen as the most efficient from four synthesized Smo si RNAs.Palatal shelf fusion rate of 4μg/m L cyclopamine group was the lowest and significantly lower than that of blank control group(P<0.05),and that of si RNA 4 group was also lower than that of
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81370079 and 81001253)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.7132122)
文摘Objective To investigate the role of autophagy in MnC l2-induced apoptosis in human bronchial epithelial 16 HBE cells.Methods Cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay.Mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP) and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry.Autophagic vacuoles were detected by fluorescence microscopy.Cellular levels of apoptosis and autophagy-related proteins were measured by western blotting.Results 16 HBE cell proliferation was inhibited by Mn Cl2 in a dose-and time-dependent manner.Mn Cl2-induced 16 HBE cell growth inhibition was related to MMP depolarization prior to the induction of apoptosis.Our data revealed that Mn Cl2-induced apoptosis in 16 HBE cells was mediated by decreased expression of Bcl-2 and increased levels of cleaved caspase-3.It was observed that when we exposed 16 HBE cells to MnCl_2 in a dose-dependent manner,the formation of autophagic vacuoles and the levels of LC-3B-II were elevated.RNA interference of LC3 B in these Mn Cl2-exposed cells demonstrated that MMP loss and apoptosis were enhanced.Additionally,the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK increased the cellular levels of Bcl-2 and decreased apoptosis,but did not affect the cellular levels of LC3 B in Mn Cl2-treated 16 HBE cells.Conclusion Mn Cl2 dose-and time-dependently inhibits 16 HBE cell proliferation and induces MMP loss and apoptosis.Autophagy acts in a protective role against Mn Cl2-induced apoptosis in 16 HBE cells.
