China has rich resources of refractory raw materials.In the new century,the development of sophisticated synthetic refractory raw maerials with Chinese characteristics mainly based on bauxite and magnesite should be p...China has rich resources of refractory raw materials.In the new century,the development of sophisticated synthetic refractory raw maerials with Chinese characteristics mainly based on bauxite and magnesite should be promoted at a faster tempo.They may be classified into 3 groups: (1)homogenized maerials(2) Property-optimized materials and(3) converted materials.展开更多
The studies on the linear change,cold MOR and the refractoriness under olad of the Al23-SiO2 based castables which contain andalusite were carried out.The results show that the linear change at over 1400℃ changes fro...The studies on the linear change,cold MOR and the refractoriness under olad of the Al23-SiO2 based castables which contain andalusite were carried out.The results show that the linear change at over 1400℃ changes from negative value to positive if the castables contain over 10% an-dalusite;the higher the addition of andalusite in the castables,the larger is the expansion;The re-fractoriness under load increase obviously with the increasing of the andalusite content in the casta-bles;meanwhile,cold MOR and cold crushing stuength decrease as a result of the large volume expansion.展开更多
The role of nano-SiO 2 and ultra-fine boron carbide on the properties of alumina-graphite materials was investigated. The study showed that the ultra-fine boron carbide added modified the microstructure of residual c...The role of nano-SiO 2 and ultra-fine boron carbide on the properties of alumina-graphite materials was investigated. The study showed that the ultra-fine boron carbide added modified the microstructure of residual carbon and promoted the chemical bond between residual carbon from phenolic resin and flake graphite. The carbon white could strengthen the residual carbon from phenolic resin. These two additives improved the mechanical properties of AG refractories at both room temperature and high temperature, and thermal shock resistance was improved noticeably. When the two additives were doped together, carbon white could retard the evaporation of B 2O 3. Thermal shock resistance was guaranteed with a smaller amount of ultra-fine boron carbide.展开更多
This paper presents the ways of comprehensive utilization of the natural magnesium containing resources and the trends of the MgO based refractories used in high temperature industries. In the first part, the uses and...This paper presents the ways of comprehensive utilization of the natural magnesium containing resources and the trends of the MgO based refractories used in high temperature industries. In the first part, the uses and productions of metal Mg, sorel cement, Mg (OH) 2 fire retardant, light magnesium carbonate, light magnesia and magnesium sulphate are described. In the second part, the developments of MgO based refractories used in steelmaking process, nonferrous metallurgy, cement rotary kiln and waste melting furnace are described from some applied theories, including corrosion resistant and slaking resistant MgO CaO materials, chrome free bricks such as MgO CaO ZrO 2 , MgO MgO Al 2 O 3 , MgO MgO·Al 2 O 3 ZrO 2 , MgO MgO·Al 2 O 3 2MgO ·TiO 2 and MgO FeO·Al 2 O 3 , and MgO containing monolithic refractories etc.展开更多
The paper reviews the present situation of refractories for Baosteel, including refractories for iron-making system, converters, ladles and tundishes. Descriptions have been also conducted on the environment protectio...The paper reviews the present situation of refractories for Baosteel, including refractories for iron-making system, converters, ladles and tundishes. Descriptions have been also conducted on the environment protection and reutilization of refractories in Baosteel, together with some suggestions for refractories suppliers to meet the advancement in iron and steel making technology of Baosteel.展开更多
An analysis of the present and of the future of the refractories industry is being presented , considering some important technical, economical, human and environmental issues , on a worldwide basis. Refractories are ...An analysis of the present and of the future of the refractories industry is being presented , considering some important technical, economical, human and environmental issues , on a worldwide basis. Refractories are still neededas confinement materials to prevent heat and mass transferlosses in many diverse manufacturing industries , and will remain so , but the main challenges , this industry do needto meet, are to adjust to an overcapacity production , to cope with new needs of the customers , in particular the'outsourcing' , which is a new customer / supplier relationship being adopted by many of them, and to keep the research and development alive in a more and more competitive arena. Among the direct consequences , are the need to keep the education world in refractory engineering training alive and to cope with macro and micro projects to change the image of the Refractories , from a commodity material to a sophisticated 'high-tech' composite material . Some suggestions are provided in the text.展开更多
In the paper,the relationship of glass industry to the R&D of refractories has been outlined and the development of refractories for glass tank furnaces home and abroad for the last several decades has been review...In the paper,the relationship of glass industry to the R&D of refractories has been outlined and the development of refractories for glass tank furnaces home and abroad for the last several decades has been reviewed .Especially,the recent progress of domestic refractories for glass tnk furnaces has been described,together with some sugges-tions on the future development of refractories to meet the development of glass industry in China.展开更多
This paper highlighted the advancement in preparation and application technologies of monolithic refactories in recent two decaes,in terms of raw materials,processing technology,particle size distrbution,binders,addit...This paper highlighted the advancement in preparation and application technologies of monolithic refactories in recent two decaes,in terms of raw materials,processing technology,particle size distrbution,binders,additives,workabiity,installation and applications,Facts and dicussions indicated that monolitihic refractoriesare advancing rapidly,from material point of view,towards higher grade and higher performance mateials and oxide-non-oxide composites;from installation point of view,towards higher efficiency,less man-power and time consuming terchinques;from drying-out point of view,towards quicker or even drying-out free,and from application point of view,towards the working linings of high temperature smelters and vessles under tougher serivce conditions ,and on the other hand,with more functions.展开更多
Sillimanite, kyanite and andalusite are advantageous natural refractory raw materials for aluminosilicate refractories to attain improved key properties. This paper are divided into two parts to introduce their resour...Sillimanite, kyanite and andalusite are advantageous natural refractory raw materials for aluminosilicate refractories to attain improved key properties. This paper are divided into two parts to introduce their resource and technical characteristic in the first part, and their applications in refractories in the second part to be succeeded . In this part, based on authors ' knowledge and sources , information on their reserve, distribution, composition and characteristic is provided , to bring it to light that China is rich in the reserve of them , in particular andalusite. The sillimanite group minerals are characterized by their phase transformation to form primary mullite and secondary mullite when added in high alumina system , accompanied by volume expansion , which can be taken use to improve creep resistances and thermal shock resistance of the related refractories.展开更多
Recently procured outstanding achievements in iron and steel industry in China are presented by data or facts in steel output, energy consumption, technical and economical indicators and advanced technologies that are...Recently procured outstanding achievements in iron and steel industry in China are presented by data or facts in steel output, energy consumption, technical and economical indicators and advanced technologies that are being adopted. The latest achievements in refractonries for this biggest user industry are reviewed, covering new refractories for CDQ coke oven, BF hearth, AOD Lining, long life tundish, SEN for clean steel making and regenerative reheating furnace . The reciprocal relationship is obvious that the rapid development of iron and steel industry has given an impetus to the advance of refractories industry, which in return has contributed greatly to the former.展开更多
The paper describes the effect of chemical composition on the microstructure and properties of spinel specimens synthesized from bauxite and magnesite,The alumina-rich spinel with higher ratio of Al2O3/MgO,with smalle...The paper describes the effect of chemical composition on the microstructure and properties of spinel specimens synthesized from bauxite and magnesite,The alumina-rich spinel with higher ratio of Al2O3/MgO,with smaller spinel grain,contains more titaniferous mineral and silicate phase compared to the spinel with lower Al2O3/MgO ratio.In the products obtained from alumina-rich spinel and magnesite clinker,the ratio of Al2O3/MgO of spinel decreases,ti-taniferous mineral and silicate phase in the spinel aggregate are changed,and its content tends to degradation,contrasted with original alumina-rich spinel,The products have good high temperature properties.展开更多
The progress made by China's refractories industry in the past 15 years (1980-1995) has been briefly reviewed.The trends of development for the next 15 years (1996-2010) have been discussed with emphasis on the de...The progress made by China's refractories industry in the past 15 years (1980-1995) has been briefly reviewed.The trends of development for the next 15 years (1996-2010) have been discussed with emphasis on the development of bauxite-based high performance products and oxide and non-oxide composites.展开更多
Measurements of thermal conductivity of some materials have been conducted using parallel hot wire method desribed in ISO8894-2,With improved techniques,the measuring range has been extended ,It is suggested that this...Measurements of thermal conductivity of some materials have been conducted using parallel hot wire method desribed in ISO8894-2,With improved techniques,the measuring range has been extended ,It is suggested that this method be used to determine thermal conductivity of various refractories more widely.展开更多
Influence of additives and composition of the matrix on mecharical properties of Sialon bonded corundum brick with appropriate nitridation sintering curve was investigated in present paper.The phase composition and mi...Influence of additives and composition of the matrix on mecharical properties of Sialon bonded corundum brick with appropriate nitridation sintering curve was investigated in present paper.The phase composition and microstructure of the sintered specimen were analyzed by means of SEM and XRD.The results indicate that with appropriate content of ultra-fine alumina powder and aditive A,both cold and hot mechanical properties of speimens are notably enhanced.The microstructure of specimen is dense and with less porosity,Main phase of the specimen is corundum, β－sialon is also observed as the bonding phase, little impurity is observed.展开更多
The developed self-flowing Al2O3-SiC-C castable for troughs of blast furnace(BF) can self-flow under its own gravity,leveling,degassing,compacting and setting without vibration by aplication of external energy,The sel...The developed self-flowing Al2O3-SiC-C castable for troughs of blast furnace(BF) can self-flow under its own gravity,leveling,degassing,compacting and setting without vibration by aplication of external energy,The self-flwoing castable with high strength,improved thermal shock resistance and good resistance to molten slag and hot metal,has been used to troughs of large blast furnace,resulting in molten iron throughput of more than 100000 tons.展开更多
Investigations on the effect of bauxite substi-tution for industrial alumina on high temperature strength and thermal shock resistance of reaction-sintered zirconia-corundum-mullite material(ZrO2 15%) have indicated t...Investigations on the effect of bauxite substi-tution for industrial alumina on high temperature strength and thermal shock resistance of reaction-sintered zirconia-corundum-mullite material(ZrO2 15%) have indicated that bauxite substitution would lead to increase in modulus of rupture at 1000-1400℃ as well as improvement in thermal shock resistance,Hot strength value reaches a maximum at 15% buxite addition.The mecha-nism of mechanical behavior at elevated tempera-tures is discussed in association with changes in mi-crostructural characteristics.展开更多
The paper reviews the achievements which have been attained recently in China in high alumina refractories raw materials and their products,including 1) homogenization ,urification and electric fusion of high alumina ...The paper reviews the achievements which have been attained recently in China in high alumina refractories raw materials and their products,including 1) homogenization ,urification and electric fusion of high alumina raw materials and synthesizing of spinel from natural raw materials;2) processing principle and characteristics and microstructural features of creep-resistance high alu-mina brick ,alumina-magnesia-carbon brick and thermal shock resistanced high alumina brikc and their application in practice.展开更多
The development and application of gunning mixes based on various material systems for repairing BOF,EAF,ladel and BF trough linings,using Chinese abundant natural refractory resources,have been reviewed,The effects o...The development and application of gunning mixes based on various material systems for repairing BOF,EAF,ladel and BF trough linings,using Chinese abundant natural refractory resources,have been reviewed,The effects of binders and additives on properties of different gunning mixes are discussed.Their application results are also introduced.展开更多
The development and status of synthetic raw materials for refractories in China are reviewed,including magne-site-based materials,alumina ,ullite,calcium alumi-nate cement ,ultrafine powder,spinel,silicon carbide and ...The development and status of synthetic raw materials for refractories in China are reviewed,including magne-site-based materials,alumina ,ullite,calcium alumi-nate cement ,ultrafine powder,spinel,silicon carbide and cordierite.The research work on calcium zirconate and sialon materials are also introduced.展开更多
Four kinds of slags with different compositions have been chosen for comparing the slag resistance of the castable by crucible slag test,It is found that CaO/SiO2 ration and rerrite content have certain influence on ...Four kinds of slags with different compositions have been chosen for comparing the slag resistance of the castable by crucible slag test,It is found that CaO/SiO2 ration and rerrite content have certain influence on the slag resistance of the castable.展开更多
文摘China has rich resources of refractory raw materials.In the new century,the development of sophisticated synthetic refractory raw maerials with Chinese characteristics mainly based on bauxite and magnesite should be promoted at a faster tempo.They may be classified into 3 groups: (1)homogenized maerials(2) Property-optimized materials and(3) converted materials.
文摘The studies on the linear change,cold MOR and the refractoriness under olad of the Al23-SiO2 based castables which contain andalusite were carried out.The results show that the linear change at over 1400℃ changes from negative value to positive if the castables contain over 10% an-dalusite;the higher the addition of andalusite in the castables,the larger is the expansion;The re-fractoriness under load increase obviously with the increasing of the andalusite content in the casta-bles;meanwhile,cold MOR and cold crushing stuength decrease as a result of the large volume expansion.
文摘The role of nano-SiO 2 and ultra-fine boron carbide on the properties of alumina-graphite materials was investigated. The study showed that the ultra-fine boron carbide added modified the microstructure of residual carbon and promoted the chemical bond between residual carbon from phenolic resin and flake graphite. The carbon white could strengthen the residual carbon from phenolic resin. These two additives improved the mechanical properties of AG refractories at both room temperature and high temperature, and thermal shock resistance was improved noticeably. When the two additives were doped together, carbon white could retard the evaporation of B 2O 3. Thermal shock resistance was guaranteed with a smaller amount of ultra-fine boron carbide.
文摘This paper presents the ways of comprehensive utilization of the natural magnesium containing resources and the trends of the MgO based refractories used in high temperature industries. In the first part, the uses and productions of metal Mg, sorel cement, Mg (OH) 2 fire retardant, light magnesium carbonate, light magnesia and magnesium sulphate are described. In the second part, the developments of MgO based refractories used in steelmaking process, nonferrous metallurgy, cement rotary kiln and waste melting furnace are described from some applied theories, including corrosion resistant and slaking resistant MgO CaO materials, chrome free bricks such as MgO CaO ZrO 2 , MgO MgO Al 2 O 3 , MgO MgO·Al 2 O 3 ZrO 2 , MgO MgO·Al 2 O 3 2MgO ·TiO 2 and MgO FeO·Al 2 O 3 , and MgO containing monolithic refractories etc.
文摘The paper reviews the present situation of refractories for Baosteel, including refractories for iron-making system, converters, ladles and tundishes. Descriptions have been also conducted on the environment protection and reutilization of refractories in Baosteel, together with some suggestions for refractories suppliers to meet the advancement in iron and steel making technology of Baosteel.
文摘An analysis of the present and of the future of the refractories industry is being presented , considering some important technical, economical, human and environmental issues , on a worldwide basis. Refractories are still neededas confinement materials to prevent heat and mass transferlosses in many diverse manufacturing industries , and will remain so , but the main challenges , this industry do needto meet, are to adjust to an overcapacity production , to cope with new needs of the customers , in particular the'outsourcing' , which is a new customer / supplier relationship being adopted by many of them, and to keep the research and development alive in a more and more competitive arena. Among the direct consequences , are the need to keep the education world in refractory engineering training alive and to cope with macro and micro projects to change the image of the Refractories , from a commodity material to a sophisticated 'high-tech' composite material . Some suggestions are provided in the text.
文摘In the paper,the relationship of glass industry to the R&D of refractories has been outlined and the development of refractories for glass tank furnaces home and abroad for the last several decades has been reviewed .Especially,the recent progress of domestic refractories for glass tnk furnaces has been described,together with some sugges-tions on the future development of refractories to meet the development of glass industry in China.
文摘This paper highlighted the advancement in preparation and application technologies of monolithic refactories in recent two decaes,in terms of raw materials,processing technology,particle size distrbution,binders,additives,workabiity,installation and applications,Facts and dicussions indicated that monolitihic refractoriesare advancing rapidly,from material point of view,towards higher grade and higher performance mateials and oxide-non-oxide composites;from installation point of view,towards higher efficiency,less man-power and time consuming terchinques;from drying-out point of view,towards quicker or even drying-out free,and from application point of view,towards the working linings of high temperature smelters and vessles under tougher serivce conditions ,and on the other hand,with more functions.
文摘Sillimanite, kyanite and andalusite are advantageous natural refractory raw materials for aluminosilicate refractories to attain improved key properties. This paper are divided into two parts to introduce their resource and technical characteristic in the first part, and their applications in refractories in the second part to be succeeded . In this part, based on authors ' knowledge and sources , information on their reserve, distribution, composition and characteristic is provided , to bring it to light that China is rich in the reserve of them , in particular andalusite. The sillimanite group minerals are characterized by their phase transformation to form primary mullite and secondary mullite when added in high alumina system , accompanied by volume expansion , which can be taken use to improve creep resistances and thermal shock resistance of the related refractories.
文摘Recently procured outstanding achievements in iron and steel industry in China are presented by data or facts in steel output, energy consumption, technical and economical indicators and advanced technologies that are being adopted. The latest achievements in refractonries for this biggest user industry are reviewed, covering new refractories for CDQ coke oven, BF hearth, AOD Lining, long life tundish, SEN for clean steel making and regenerative reheating furnace . The reciprocal relationship is obvious that the rapid development of iron and steel industry has given an impetus to the advance of refractories industry, which in return has contributed greatly to the former.
文摘The paper describes the effect of chemical composition on the microstructure and properties of spinel specimens synthesized from bauxite and magnesite,The alumina-rich spinel with higher ratio of Al2O3/MgO,with smaller spinel grain,contains more titaniferous mineral and silicate phase compared to the spinel with lower Al2O3/MgO ratio.In the products obtained from alumina-rich spinel and magnesite clinker,the ratio of Al2O3/MgO of spinel decreases,ti-taniferous mineral and silicate phase in the spinel aggregate are changed,and its content tends to degradation,contrasted with original alumina-rich spinel,The products have good high temperature properties.
文摘The progress made by China's refractories industry in the past 15 years (1980-1995) has been briefly reviewed.The trends of development for the next 15 years (1996-2010) have been discussed with emphasis on the development of bauxite-based high performance products and oxide and non-oxide composites.
文摘Measurements of thermal conductivity of some materials have been conducted using parallel hot wire method desribed in ISO8894-2,With improved techniques,the measuring range has been extended ,It is suggested that this method be used to determine thermal conductivity of various refractories more widely.
文摘Influence of additives and composition of the matrix on mecharical properties of Sialon bonded corundum brick with appropriate nitridation sintering curve was investigated in present paper.The phase composition and microstructure of the sintered specimen were analyzed by means of SEM and XRD.The results indicate that with appropriate content of ultra-fine alumina powder and aditive A,both cold and hot mechanical properties of speimens are notably enhanced.The microstructure of specimen is dense and with less porosity,Main phase of the specimen is corundum, β－sialon is also observed as the bonding phase, little impurity is observed.
文摘The developed self-flowing Al2O3-SiC-C castable for troughs of blast furnace(BF) can self-flow under its own gravity,leveling,degassing,compacting and setting without vibration by aplication of external energy,The self-flwoing castable with high strength,improved thermal shock resistance and good resistance to molten slag and hot metal,has been used to troughs of large blast furnace,resulting in molten iron throughput of more than 100000 tons.
文摘Investigations on the effect of bauxite substi-tution for industrial alumina on high temperature strength and thermal shock resistance of reaction-sintered zirconia-corundum-mullite material(ZrO2 15%) have indicated that bauxite substitution would lead to increase in modulus of rupture at 1000-1400℃ as well as improvement in thermal shock resistance,Hot strength value reaches a maximum at 15% buxite addition.The mecha-nism of mechanical behavior at elevated tempera-tures is discussed in association with changes in mi-crostructural characteristics.
文摘The paper reviews the achievements which have been attained recently in China in high alumina refractories raw materials and their products,including 1) homogenization ,urification and electric fusion of high alumina raw materials and synthesizing of spinel from natural raw materials;2) processing principle and characteristics and microstructural features of creep-resistance high alu-mina brick ,alumina-magnesia-carbon brick and thermal shock resistanced high alumina brikc and their application in practice.
文摘The development and application of gunning mixes based on various material systems for repairing BOF,EAF,ladel and BF trough linings,using Chinese abundant natural refractory resources,have been reviewed,The effects of binders and additives on properties of different gunning mixes are discussed.Their application results are also introduced.
文摘The development and status of synthetic raw materials for refractories in China are reviewed,including magne-site-based materials,alumina ,ullite,calcium alumi-nate cement ,ultrafine powder,spinel,silicon carbide and cordierite.The research work on calcium zirconate and sialon materials are also introduced.
文摘Four kinds of slags with different compositions have been chosen for comparing the slag resistance of the castable by crucible slag test,It is found that CaO/SiO2 ration and rerrite content have certain influence on the slag resistance of the castable.
