This paper focuses on the effective utilization of data augmentation techniques for 3Dlidar point clouds to enhance the performance of neural network models.These point clouds,which represent spatial information throu...This paper focuses on the effective utilization of data augmentation techniques for 3Dlidar point clouds to enhance the performance of neural network models.These point clouds,which represent spatial information through a collection of 3D coordinates,have found wide-ranging applications.Data augmentation has emerged as a potent solution to the challenges posed by limited labeled data and the need to enhance model generalization capabilities.Much of the existing research is devoted to crafting novel data augmentation methods specifically for 3D lidar point clouds.However,there has been a lack of focus on making the most of the numerous existing augmentation techniques.Addressing this deficiency,this research investigates the possibility of combining two fundamental data augmentation strategies.The paper introduces PolarMix andMix3D,two commonly employed augmentation techniques,and presents a new approach,named RandomFusion.Instead of using a fixed or predetermined combination of augmentation methods,RandomFusion randomly chooses one method from a pool of options for each instance or sample.This innovative data augmentation technique randomly augments each point in the point cloud with either PolarMix or Mix3D.The crux of this strategy is the random choice between PolarMix and Mix3Dfor the augmentation of each point within the point cloud data set.The results of the experiments conducted validate the efficacy of the RandomFusion strategy in enhancing the performance of neural network models for 3D lidar point cloud semantic segmentation tasks.This is achieved without compromising computational efficiency.By examining the potential of merging different augmentation techniques,the research contributes significantly to a more comprehensive understanding of how to utilize existing augmentation methods for 3D lidar point clouds.RandomFusion data augmentation technique offers a simple yet effective method to leverage the diversity of augmentation techniques and boost the robustness of models.The insights gained from this research can pave the way for future work aimed at developing more advanced and efficient data augmentation strategies for 3D lidar point cloud analysis.展开更多
This study compares the summer atmospheric water cycle,including moisture sources and consumption,in the upstream,midstream,and downstream regions of the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin in the southern Tibetan Plateau.The ...This study compares the summer atmospheric water cycle,including moisture sources and consumption,in the upstream,midstream,and downstream regions of the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin in the southern Tibetan Plateau.The evolutions of moisture properties under the influence of the westerly and summer southerly monsoon are examined using 5-yr multi-source measurements and ERA5 reanalysis data.Note that moisture consumption in this study is associated with clouds,precipitation,and diabatic heating.Compared to the midstream and downstream regions,the upstream region has less moisture,clouds,and precipitation,where the moisture is brought by the westerly.In early August,the vertical wet advection over this region becomes enhanced and generates more high clouds and precipitation.The midstream region has moisture carried by the westerly in June and by the southerly monsoon from July to August.The higher vertical wet advection maximum here forms more high clouds,with a precipitation peak in early July.The downstream region is mainly affected by the southerly-driven wet advection.The rich moisture and strong vertical wet advection here produce the most clouds and precipitation among the three regions,with a precipitation peak in late June.The height of the maximum moisture condensation is different between the midstream region(325 hPa)and the other two regions(375 hPa),due to the higher upward motion maximum in the midstream region.The diabatic heating structures show that stratiform clouds dominate the upstream region,stratiform clouds and deep convection co-exist in the midstream region,and deep convection systems characterize the downstream region.展开更多
Amyloid-beta-induced neuronal cell death contributes to cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease.Citri Reticulatae Semen has diverse beneficial effects on neurodegenerative diseases,including Parkinson’s and Hunting...Amyloid-beta-induced neuronal cell death contributes to cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease.Citri Reticulatae Semen has diverse beneficial effects on neurodegenerative diseases,including Parkinson’s and Huntington’s diseases,however,the effect of Citri Reticulatae Semen on Alzheimer’s disease remains unelucidated.In the current study,the anti-apoptotic and autophagic roles of Citri Reticulatae Semen extract on amyloid-beta-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells were first investigated.Citri Reticulatae Semen extract protected PC12 cells from amyloid-beta-induced apoptosis by attenuating the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio via activation of autophagy.In addition,Citri Reticulatae Semen extract was confirmed to bind amyloid-beta as revealed by biolayer interferometry in vitro,and suppress amyloid-beta-induced pathology such as paralysis,in a transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans in vivo model.Moreover,genetically defective Caenorhabditis elegans further confirmed that the neuroprotective effect of Citri Reticulatae Semen extract was autophagy-dependent.Most importantly,Citri Reticulatae Semen extract was confirmed to improve cognitive impairment,neuronal injury and amyloid-beta burden in 3×Tg Alzheimer’s disease mice.As revealed by both in vitro and in vivo models,these results suggest that Citri Reticulatae Semen extract is a potential natural therapeutic agent for Alzheimer’s disease via its neuroprotective autophagic effects.展开更多
DURING our discussion at workshops for writing“What Does ChatGPT Say:The DAO from Algorithmic Intelligence to Linguistic Intelligence”[1],we had expected the next milestone for Artificial Intelligence(AI)would be in...DURING our discussion at workshops for writing“What Does ChatGPT Say:The DAO from Algorithmic Intelligence to Linguistic Intelligence”[1],we had expected the next milestone for Artificial Intelligence(AI)would be in the direction of Imaginative Intelligence(II),i.e.,something similar to automatic wordsto-videos generation or intelligent digital movies/theater technology that could be used for conducting new“Artificiofactual Experiments”[2]to replace conventional“Counterfactual Experiments”in scientific research and technical development for both natural and social studies[2]-[6].Now we have OpenAI’s Sora,so soon,but this is not the final,actually far away,and it is just the beginning.展开更多
BACKGROUND Extreme heat exposure is a growing health problem,and the effects of heat on the gastrointestinal(GI)tract is unknown.This study aimed to assess the incidence of GI symptoms associated with heatstroke and i...BACKGROUND Extreme heat exposure is a growing health problem,and the effects of heat on the gastrointestinal(GI)tract is unknown.This study aimed to assess the incidence of GI symptoms associated with heatstroke and its impact on outcomes.AIM To assess the incidence of GI symptoms associated with heatstroke and its impact on outcomes.METHODS Patients admitted to the intensive care unit(ICU)due to heatstroke were included from 83 centres.Patient history,laboratory results,and clinically relevant outcomes were recorded at ICU admission and daily until up to day 15,ICU discharge,or death.GI symptoms,including nausea/vomiting,diarrhoea,flatulence,and bloody stools,were recorded.The characteristics of patients with heatstroke concomitant with GI symptoms were described.Multivariable regression analyses were performed to determine significant predictors of GI symptoms.RESULTS A total of 713 patients were included in the final analysis,of whom 132(18.5%)patients had at least one GI symptom during their ICU stay,while 26(3.6%)suffered from more than one symptom.Patients with GI symptoms had a significantly higher ICU stay compared with those without.The mortality of patients who had two or more GI symptoms simultaneously was significantly higher than that in those with one GI symptom.Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that older patients with a lower GCS score on admission were more likely to experience GI symptoms.CONCLUSION The GI manifestations of heatstroke are common and appear to impact clinically relevant hospitalization outcomes.展开更多
The solar X-ray detector(SXD)onboard the Macao Science Satellite-1B was designed to monitor solar flare bursts and to study the solar activity in the 25th solar cycle.The SXD includes two parts:a soft X-ray detection ...The solar X-ray detector(SXD)onboard the Macao Science Satellite-1B was designed to monitor solar flare bursts and to study the solar activity in the 25th solar cycle.The SXD includes two parts:a soft X-ray detection unit and a hard X-ray detection unit.Both the soft X-ray detection unit and the hard X-ray detection unit include two collimators,two X-ray detectors(a silicon drift detector and a cadmium-zinc-telluride detector),and a processing circuit.Compared with similar instruments,the energy range of the SXD is wider(1–600 ke V)and the energy resolution is better(150 e V at 5.9 ke V,12%at 59.5 ke V,and 3%at 662 keV).展开更多
The Euler angle estimation is a calibration method for vector data measured by the magnetometer on a satellite.It is used to find the relative rotation between the coordinate system of the magnetometer and the satelli...The Euler angle estimation is a calibration method for vector data measured by the magnetometer on a satellite.It is used to find the relative rotation between the coordinate system of the magnetometer and the satellite(usually determined by Star Imagers).Before launch of the low-orbit,low-inclination Macao Science Satellite-1(known as MSS-1),we simulated the estimation of Euler angles by using the magnetic measurements of the in-orbit Swarm and China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite(noted as CSES),with various data combinations.In this study,11 data sets were designed to analyze the estimation results for the MSS-1 orbit by using a joint estimation method of the geomagnetic field model parameters and Euler angles.For the model results,we found that all the spatial power spectral lines showed behavior consistent with that of the CHAOS-7.8 model at low degrees(corresponding to large-scale magnetic signals).The spectra of models without global data coverage deviated much more(by a maximum of~10^(4) nT^(2))from those of the CHAOS-7.8 model at higher degrees.For models with global data coverage and with various data combinations,the spectral lines were distributed similarly.Moreover,the models with accordant power spectral distributions demonstrated different Euler angle estimations.As more vector data at higher latitudes were included,the estimated Euler angles varied monotonically in all three directions.The models with vector data in the same latitude range showed similar Euler angle results,regardless of whether the poleward scalar data were included.The largest value difference was found between the models using vector data within±40°latitudes and those using vector data within±60°latitudes,which reached to~28″.Therefore,we concluded that the inversion of the spherical harmonic Gauss coefficients in our tests was mainly affected by the spatial coverage range of the data,whereas the estimation of Euler angles largely depended on the latitude range where the vector data could be obtained.These results can be used for future in-flight data testing.We expect the estimation of Euler angles to improve as other methods are adopted.展开更多
Macao Science Satellite-1(MSS-1)will be launched at the early of 2023 into a near-circular orbit.The mission is designed to measure the Earth’s geomagnetic field with unpreceded accuracy through a new perspective.The...Macao Science Satellite-1(MSS-1)will be launched at the early of 2023 into a near-circular orbit.The mission is designed to measure the Earth’s geomagnetic field with unpreceded accuracy through a new perspective.The most important component installed on the satellite,to ensure high accuracy,is the deployable boom(Optical Bench).A Vector Field Magnetometer(VFM),an Advanced Stellar Compass(ASC),and a Couple Dark State Magnetometers(CDSM)are deployed on the deployable boom.In order to maximize the mission’s scientific output,a numerical simulator on MSS-1’s deployable boom was required to evaluate the adaptability of all devices on the deployable boom and assist the satellite’s data pre-processing.This paper first briefly describes the synthesis of the Earth’s total magnetic field and then describes the method simulating the output of scalar and vector magnetometers.Finally,the calibration method is applied to the synthetic magnetometer data to analyze the possible noise/error of the relevant instruments.Our results show that the simulator can imitate the disturbance of different noise sources or errors in the measuring system,and is especially useful for the satellite’s data processing group.展开更多
The European Space Agency(ESA)’s Swarm constellation of a trio of geomagnetic survey satellites in nearly circular polar orbits at altitude about 500 km was launched on 22 November 2013 and has been mapping the Earth...The European Space Agency(ESA)’s Swarm constellation of a trio of geomagnetic survey satellites in nearly circular polar orbits at altitude about 500 km was launched on 22 November 2013 and has been mapping the Earth’s global magnetic field in unprecedented details,helping scientists better understand how the geomagnetic field is generated and maintained inside the Earth’s fluid core and how the Earth’s external magnetic environment is changing.This review discusses a new novel constellation of the geomagnetic survey satellites that consists of at least four satellites:two satellites are in lower-latitude and nearly circular orbits at altitude about 450 km;two further satellites are marked by nearly polar but strongly eccentric orbits with perigee about 200 km and apogee about 5000 km.The new geomagnetic satellites are equipped with highly stable optical benches,high-precision fluxgate magnetometers and scalar magnetometers which are capable of mapping the Earth’s three-dimensional magnetic field in unprecedented accuracies and details.The new constellation will help elucidate different contributions to the measured geomagnetic field:the core dynamo field,the lithospheric magnetic field,the magnetic fields produced by currents in the ionosphere and the magnetosphere as well as by the currents coupling the ionosphere and magnetosphere,and the magnetic fields induced from the electrically conducting mantle,lithosphere and oceans.In comparison to the Swarm mission,it will provide higher-accuracy,higher-resolution and higher-dimension measurements of the geomagnetic field required for shedding new insights into the core dynamo processes and the Earth’s space magnetic systems along with a wide range of important applications.展开更多
Exclusive responsiveness to ultraviolet light (~3.2 eV) and high photogenerated charge recombination rate are the two primary drawbacks of pure TiO_(2). We combined N-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs), morphology r...Exclusive responsiveness to ultraviolet light (~3.2 eV) and high photogenerated charge recombination rate are the two primary drawbacks of pure TiO_(2). We combined N-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs), morphology regulation, and heterojunction construction strategies to synthesize N-GQD/N-doped TiO_(2)/P-doped porous hollow g-C_(3)N_(4) nanotube (PCN) composite photocatalysts (denoted as G-TPCN). The optimal sample (G-TPCN doped with 0.1wt% N-GQD, denoted as 0.1% G-TPCN) exhibits significantly enhanced photoabsorption, which is attributed to the change in bandgap caused by elemental doping (P and N), the improved light-harvesting resulting from the tube structure, and the upconversion effect of N-GQDs. In addition, the internal charge separation and transfer capability of0.1% G-TPCN are dramatically boosted, and its carrier concentration is 3.7, 2.3, and 1.9 times that of N-TiO_(2), PCN, and N-TiO_(2)/PCN(TPCN-1), respectively. This phenomenon is attributed to the formation of Z-scheme heterojunction between N-TiO_(2) and PCNs, the excellent electron conduction ability of N-GQDs, and the short transfer distance caused by the porous nanotube structure. Compared with those of N-TiO_(2), PCNs, and TPCN-1, the H2 production activity of 0.1%G-TPCN under visible light is enhanced by 12.4, 2.3, and 1.4times, respectively, and its ciprofloxacin (CIP) degradation rate is increased by 7.9, 5.7, and 2.9 times, respectively. The optimized performance benefits from excellent photoresponsiveness and improved carrier separation and migration efficiencies. Finally, the photocatalytic mechanism of 0.1% G-TPCN and five possible degradation pathways of CIP are proposed. This study clarifies the mechanism of multiple modification strategies to synergistically improve the photocatalytic performance of 0.1% G-TPCN and provides a potential strategy for rationally designing novel photocatalysts for environmental remediation and solar energy conversion.展开更多
Vascular etiology is the second most prevalent cause of cognitive impairment globally.Endothelin-1,which is produced and secreted by endothelial cells and astrocytes,is implicated in the pathogenesis of stroke.However...Vascular etiology is the second most prevalent cause of cognitive impairment globally.Endothelin-1,which is produced and secreted by endothelial cells and astrocytes,is implicated in the pathogenesis of stroke.However,the way in which changes in astrocytic endothelin-1 lead to poststroke cognitive deficits following transient middle cerebral artery occlusion is not well understood.Here,using mice in which astrocytic endothelin-1 was overexpressed,we found that the selective overexpression of endothelin-1 by astrocytic cells led to ischemic stroke-related dementia(1 hour of ischemia;7 days,28 days,or 3 months of reperfusion).We also revealed that astrocytic endothelin-1 overexpression contributed to the role of neural stem cell proliferation but impaired neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus after middle cerebral artery occlusion.Comprehensive proteome profiles and western blot analysis confirmed that levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein and peroxiredoxin 6,which were differentially expressed in the brain,were significantly increased in mice with astrocytic endothelin-1 overexpression in comparison with wild-type mice 28 days after ischemic stroke.Moreover,the levels of the enriched differentially expressed proteins were closely related to lipid metabolism,as indicated by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis.Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry nontargeted metabolite profiling of brain tissues showed that astrocytic endothelin-1 overexpression altered lipid metabolism products such as glycerol phosphatidylcholine,sphingomyelin,and phosphatidic acid.Overall,this study demonstrates that astrocytic endothelin-1 overexpression can impair hippocampal neurogenesis and that it is correlated with lipid metabolism in poststroke cognitive dysfunction.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are notable for their high theoretical energy density,but the‘shuttle effect’and the limited conversion kinetics of Li-S species can downgrade their actual performance.An essential stra...Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are notable for their high theoretical energy density,but the‘shuttle effect’and the limited conversion kinetics of Li-S species can downgrade their actual performance.An essential strategy is to design anchoring materials(AMs)to appropriately adsorb Li-S species.Herein,we propose a new three-procedure protocol,named InfoAd(Informative Adsorption)to evaluate the anchoring of Li_(2)S on two-dimensional(2D)materials and disclose the underlying importance of material features by combining high-throughput calculation workflow and machine learning(ML).In this paradigm,we calculate the anchoring of Li_(2)S on 12552D A_(x)B_(y)(B in the VIA/VIIA group)materials and pick out 44(un)reported nontoxic 2D binary A_(x)B_(y)AMs,in which the importance of the geometric features on the anchoring effect is revealed by ML for the first time.We develop a new Infograph model for crystals to accurately predict whether a material has a moderate binding with Li_(2)S and extend it to all 2D materials.Our InfoAd protocol elucidates the underlying structure-property relationship of Li_(2)S adsorption on 2D materials and provides a general research framework of adsorption-related materials for catalysis and energy/substance storage.展开更多
Cadmium(Cd)is one of the most toxic heavy metals in the environment.Atmospheric deposition has been found to be the main source of Cd pollution of soil on a large scale in China,and identification of the relationships...Cadmium(Cd)is one of the most toxic heavy metals in the environment.Atmospheric deposition has been found to be the main source of Cd pollution of soil on a large scale in China,and identification of the relationships between anthropogenic emission,atmospheric deposition,and Cd accumulation in soil is important for developing ways to mitigate Cd non-point pollution.In this study,the relationship between atmospheric emission,atmospheric deposition,and soil Cd accumulation in the Middle-Lower Yangtze Plain in China was investigated using datasets of atmospheric emission,deposition,and soil accumulation from the literatures published between 2000 and 2020.The results showed that the soil Cd accumulation rate in the study area exceeded the national average(4.0μg kg^(–1)yr^(–1))and continued to accumulate in recent decades,although the average accumulation rate decreased from 9.45μg kg^(–1)yr^(–1)(2000–2010 period)to8.86μg kg^(–1)yr^(–1)(2010–2020 period).The contribution of atmospheric deposition flux to Cd increment in the soil was in the range of 22–29%,with the atmospheric deposition flux decreasing from 0.54 mg m^(–2)yr^(–1)(2000–2010)to 0.48 mg m^(–2)yr^(–1)(2010–2020),both values being greater than the national average.Atmospheric Cd deposition and emission were highly correlated in a provincial administrative region,which is close to a ratio of 1.0.Emission factors may be in a state of dynamic change due to the influences of new Cd emission control technologies and environmental policies.As the main sources of Cd emissions,dust,and smoke emissions per ton of non-ferrous metal production decreased by 64.7%between the 2000–2010 and 2010–2020 periods.Although new environmental policies have been instigated,atmospheric emission of Cd is still excessive.It was hoped that the findings of this work would provide a scientific basis for the rational control of atmospheric emissions and Cd pollution of soil.展开更多
The Earth’s“lithosphere”is its outer shell,made up of the Earth’s crust and outermost mantle.The part of the Earth’s magnetic field that originates in the lithosphere consists of a superposition of magnetic anoma...The Earth’s“lithosphere”is its outer shell,made up of the Earth’s crust and outermost mantle.The part of the Earth’s magnetic field that originates in the lithosphere consists of a superposition of magnetic anomalies with a broad spectrum of sizes and intensities,which arise from geological and tectonic features.The lithospheric magnetic field is known from surface observations,and on larger scales from above-surface measurements.The increase in recent decades of satellites dedicated to measuring the Earth’s magnetic field has improved significantly our models of the Earth’s magnetic environment.Based on these increasing observations,a number of comprehensive field models have been constructed,some of which focus solely on the lithosphere,such as the MF model series.We present a map of lithospheric magnetic anomalies at 400 km altitude,based on a vertically integrated magnetization model.This height was chosen because it is the expected orbital altitude of the Macao Science Satellite-1(MSS-1)mission.The model presented herein indicates that the amplitude of the lithospheric anomalies at 400 km altitude is between-14.8 n T and 18.2 n T.This information is useful because it provides a reference for the lithospheric source of the Earth’s magnetic field that contributes to the magnetic measurements made from satellite instruments.The low inclination orbit of the MSS-1 mission will provide information that is sensitive to lateral variation within the lithosphere;these variations arise from plate tectonic features with longitudinal extent.In conclusion,the new MSS-1mission will provide valuable information in detecting compositional variations in the lithosphere,and in delineating large-scale geological structures.展开更多
Background:Theanine,was natural compounds,has been employed in antibacterial,antineoplastic,promotion of hair growth,therapy of poliosis,and removing pattogenic heat from the blood and toxic material from the body for...Background:Theanine,was natural compounds,has been employed in antibacterial,antineoplastic,promotion of hair growth,therapy of poliosis,and removing pattogenic heat from the blood and toxic material from the body for centuries.However,few reports focused on the treatment by theanine combined with chemotherapy in triple negative breast cancer.Methods:Our study aimed to evaluate and compare the molecular and cellular effects of theanine in combination with cisplatin in triple negative breast cancer lines MDA-MB-231.The 50%inhibitory concentration and cell viability were determined by the cell counting kit-8 assay.Meanwhile,wound healing and transwell assays were used to evaluate the effect of theanine combination with cisplatin on triple negative breast cancer(TNBC)cell metastasis.Moreover,the label-free proteomic method was available to explore the molecular mechanism of theanine combination with cisplatin on TNBC cells.What’s more,reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were carried out to evaluate the related protein and mRNA alteration in the Akt signaling pathway.Results:With theanine added,the inhibitory effect of cisplatin on cell proliferation and metastasis was significantly improved.Meanwhile,with the increase of theanine concentration,the anti-tumor effect of the combination group was also significantly improved.Afterward,label-free proteomics analysis showed that theanine combined with cisplatin could significantly activate the Akt signaling pathway,thus improving the anti-tumor effect of cisplatin.Finally,reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting experiment showed that the combination of cisplatin with theanine induced the greatest down-regulation of phosphorylated Akt expression.Conclusion:All in all,combining theanine with appears to be a promising strategy for the effective treatment of TNBC in the prospective application which merits further clinical investigation.展开更多
Objective:To observe the effects of and explore the underlying mechanisms of Periplogenin(PPG)on the regulation of proliferation,apoptosis and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma Hep3B cell.Methods:Hep3B cells were ...Objective:To observe the effects of and explore the underlying mechanisms of Periplogenin(PPG)on the regulation of proliferation,apoptosis and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma Hep3B cell.Methods:Hep3B cells were divided into control group and PPG group.The Hep3B cells in the control group were not treated with PPG,and the other in the PPG group were intervened with 2.5,5 and 12.5µmol/mL PPG for 48 h.Cell viability was measured using the CCK-8 assay.Cell morphological changes was observed using by light microscope;the apoptotic state was observed by DAPI/PI staining.The colony-formation assay and scratch method was used for detecting the cell clone forming ability and cell migration ability,respectively.The cell apoptosis-related proteins Caspase-3,Cleaved Caspase-3,Bcl-2 and cell migration-related protein Matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9)were detected byWestern Blot.Results:Compared with the control group,the cell proliferation level and the cell number in each PPG group were decreased,accompanying by cell volume reduction,chromatin pyknosis,and nuclear rupture in Hep3B cells.After PPG treatment,the clone formation level and cell mobility of Hep3B cells were decreased.Compared with the control group,the level of Bcl-2 protein was decreased,while the proportion of Cleaved Caspase-3/Caspase-3 protein was increased.The expression of MMP-9 proteins was decreased,with significantly statistically differences(P<0.05).Conclusion:Periplogenin could inhibit the proliferation,and migration of Hep3B cells and also promote the cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner,which might be related to the activation of Caspase signaling pathway and inhibition of MMP-9 activity.展开更多
Physical properties(e.g.,ejecta size and distribution)of impact craters are crucial and essential to understanding the ejecta excavation and deposition process,estimating rock breakdown rate,and revealing their evolut...Physical properties(e.g.,ejecta size and distribution)of impact craters are crucial and essential to understanding the ejecta excavation and deposition process,estimating rock breakdown rate,and revealing their evolution characteristics.However,whether these physical properties are scale-dependent and how they evolve in different radial regions needs further studies.In this study,we first investigated the physical properties and evolution of subkilometer(D≤800 m)craters on lunar maria based on the radar circular polarization ratio(CPR).In addition,we estimated the periods over which rocks and blocky ejecta are exposed and buried in the shallow subsurface layer(termed as exposure time)in different radial regions and assessed the retention time and degradation states for potential radar anomalous craters.We found that in the central region of craters,the largest median CPR occurs after an 80 Myr delay following crater formation.In the rim region,there is no obvious CPR peak in the first100 Ma,whereas in the upper wall region,an evident CPR peak occurs beyond 100 Ma and could last over one billion years.In addition,the probable exposure time of rocks and blocky ejecta is estimated to be~2.0 Gyr(central region),~2.7 Gyr(upper wall region),~2.1 Gyr(rim region),and~0.6 Gyr(continuous ejecta blanket region).We also propose that the retention time of radar anomalous craters depends on the crater size,whereas their degraded states are independent of crater size.展开更多
The critical role of calcium dyshomeostasis in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease(AD):AD is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive decline,memory impairment,and behavioral changes.Wit...The critical role of calcium dyshomeostasis in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease(AD):AD is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive decline,memory impairment,and behavioral changes.With an estimated 50 million people being affected worldwide,the incidence of AD is constantly increasing globally.The hallmark of AD is the accumulation of amyloid-beta protein(Aβ)in the form of amyloid plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau protein in the form of neurofibrillary tangles.However,increasing evidence suggests that calcium ion(Ca2+)dysregulation also plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AD(Calvo-Rodriguez and Bacskai,2021).As a key second messenger,Ca2+regulates a wide range of cellular processes,including the release of neurotransmitters,gene expression,and cell death.Ca^(2+)also regulates the activity of Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II,which is critical for synaptic plasticity,learning,and memory(Kaushik et al.,2022).Alternation in the Ca^(2+)signal is an early event in the pathogenesis of AD,which can lead to synaptic dysfunction,neuronal loss,and cognitive impairment.展开更多
As one of the most effective techniques for finding software vulnerabilities,fuzzing has become a hot topic in software security.It feeds potentially syntactically or semantically malformed test data to a target progr...As one of the most effective techniques for finding software vulnerabilities,fuzzing has become a hot topic in software security.It feeds potentially syntactically or semantically malformed test data to a target program to mine vulnerabilities and crash the system.In recent years,considerable efforts have been dedicated by researchers and practitioners towards improving fuzzing,so there aremore and more methods and forms,whichmake it difficult to have a comprehensive understanding of the technique.This paper conducts a thorough survey of fuzzing,focusing on its general process,classification,common application scenarios,and some state-of-the-art techniques that have been introduced to improve its performance.Finally,this paper puts forward key research challenges and proposes possible future research directions that may provide new insights for researchers.展开更多
The global incidence of lung cancer is marked by a considerably elevated mortality rate.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)exert pivotal influence in the intricate orchestration of gene regulation,and their dysregulation can precipitate...The global incidence of lung cancer is marked by a considerably elevated mortality rate.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)exert pivotal influence in the intricate orchestration of gene regulation,and their dysregulation can precipitate dire consequences,notably cancer.Within this context,miRNAs encapsulated in exosomes manifest a diversified impact on the landscape of lung cancer,wherein their actions may either foster angiogenesis,cell proliferation,and metastasis,or counteract these processes.This comprehensive review article discerns potential targets for the prospective development of therapeutic agents tailored for lung cancer.Tumor-suppressive miRNAs,such as miR-204,miR-192,miR-30a,miR-34a,miR-34b,miR-203,and miR-212,exhibit heightened expression and demonstrate the capacity to inhibit cellular proliferation and invasiveness.Conversely,the deleterious effects of tumor-promoting miRNAs like miR-21,miR-106a,miR-155,miR-205,and miR-210 can be attenuated through the application of their respective inhibitors.Distinct miRNAs selectively target various oncogenes,including NUAK Family Kinase 1(NUAK1),Snail Family Transcriptional Repressor 1(Snai1),Astrocyte elevated gene-1(AEG-1),Vimentin,Proliferation and apoptosis adaptor protein 15(PEA-15/PED),Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha(HIF1),as well as tumor suppressor genes such as phosphatase and tensin homolog(PTEN),Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1(SOCS1),Tumor protein P53 binding protein 1(TP53BP1),and PH Domain and Leucine Rich Repeat Protein Phosphatase 2(PHLP22).This investigative approach proves invaluable in elucidating the specific miRNAs implicated in the deregulation of crucial genes pivotal to the pathogenesis of cancer.展开更多
基金funded in part by the Key Project of Nature Science Research for Universities of Anhui Province of China(No.2022AH051720)in part by the Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao SAR(Grant Nos.0093/2022/A2,0076/2022/A2 and 0008/2022/AGJ)in part by the China University Industry-University-Research Collaborative Innovation Fund(No.2021FNA04017).
文摘This paper focuses on the effective utilization of data augmentation techniques for 3Dlidar point clouds to enhance the performance of neural network models.These point clouds,which represent spatial information through a collection of 3D coordinates,have found wide-ranging applications.Data augmentation has emerged as a potent solution to the challenges posed by limited labeled data and the need to enhance model generalization capabilities.Much of the existing research is devoted to crafting novel data augmentation methods specifically for 3D lidar point clouds.However,there has been a lack of focus on making the most of the numerous existing augmentation techniques.Addressing this deficiency,this research investigates the possibility of combining two fundamental data augmentation strategies.The paper introduces PolarMix andMix3D,two commonly employed augmentation techniques,and presents a new approach,named RandomFusion.Instead of using a fixed or predetermined combination of augmentation methods,RandomFusion randomly chooses one method from a pool of options for each instance or sample.This innovative data augmentation technique randomly augments each point in the point cloud with either PolarMix or Mix3D.The crux of this strategy is the random choice between PolarMix and Mix3Dfor the augmentation of each point within the point cloud data set.The results of the experiments conducted validate the efficacy of the RandomFusion strategy in enhancing the performance of neural network models for 3D lidar point cloud semantic segmentation tasks.This is achieved without compromising computational efficiency.By examining the potential of merging different augmentation techniques,the research contributes significantly to a more comprehensive understanding of how to utilize existing augmentation methods for 3D lidar point clouds.RandomFusion data augmentation technique offers a simple yet effective method to leverage the diversity of augmentation techniques and boost the robustness of models.The insights gained from this research can pave the way for future work aimed at developing more advanced and efficient data augmentation strategies for 3D lidar point cloud analysis.
基金supported by The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)program(2019QZKK0105)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91437221,91837204).
文摘This study compares the summer atmospheric water cycle,including moisture sources and consumption,in the upstream,midstream,and downstream regions of the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin in the southern Tibetan Plateau.The evolutions of moisture properties under the influence of the westerly and summer southerly monsoon are examined using 5-yr multi-source measurements and ERA5 reanalysis data.Note that moisture consumption in this study is associated with clouds,precipitation,and diabatic heating.Compared to the midstream and downstream regions,the upstream region has less moisture,clouds,and precipitation,where the moisture is brought by the westerly.In early August,the vertical wet advection over this region becomes enhanced and generates more high clouds and precipitation.The midstream region has moisture carried by the westerly in June and by the southerly monsoon from July to August.The higher vertical wet advection maximum here forms more high clouds,with a precipitation peak in early July.The downstream region is mainly affected by the southerly-driven wet advection.The rich moisture and strong vertical wet advection here produce the most clouds and precipitation among the three regions,with a precipitation peak in late June.The height of the maximum moisture condensation is different between the midstream region(325 hPa)and the other two regions(375 hPa),due to the higher upward motion maximum in the midstream region.The diabatic heating structures show that stratiform clouds dominate the upstream region,stratiform clouds and deep convection co-exist in the midstream region,and deep convection systems characterize the downstream region.
基金supported by FDCT grants from the Macao Science and Technology Development Fund,China,No.002/2023/ALC(to BYKL)Foshan Medicine Dengfeng Project of China 2019-2021(to BYKL)+3 种基金the Science and Technology Program of Sichuan Province,Nos.2022YFS0620(to DQ)and MZGC20230041(to XFW)the TCMs Commission of Sichuan Province,No.2021MS469(to YT)the Science and Technology Program of Luzhou,No.2022-WGR-194(to YT)the Southwest Medical University Science and Technology Program,No.2021NJXNYD04(to DQ).
文摘Amyloid-beta-induced neuronal cell death contributes to cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease.Citri Reticulatae Semen has diverse beneficial effects on neurodegenerative diseases,including Parkinson’s and Huntington’s diseases,however,the effect of Citri Reticulatae Semen on Alzheimer’s disease remains unelucidated.In the current study,the anti-apoptotic and autophagic roles of Citri Reticulatae Semen extract on amyloid-beta-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells were first investigated.Citri Reticulatae Semen extract protected PC12 cells from amyloid-beta-induced apoptosis by attenuating the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio via activation of autophagy.In addition,Citri Reticulatae Semen extract was confirmed to bind amyloid-beta as revealed by biolayer interferometry in vitro,and suppress amyloid-beta-induced pathology such as paralysis,in a transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans in vivo model.Moreover,genetically defective Caenorhabditis elegans further confirmed that the neuroprotective effect of Citri Reticulatae Semen extract was autophagy-dependent.Most importantly,Citri Reticulatae Semen extract was confirmed to improve cognitive impairment,neuronal injury and amyloid-beta burden in 3×Tg Alzheimer’s disease mice.As revealed by both in vitro and in vivo models,these results suggest that Citri Reticulatae Semen extract is a potential natural therapeutic agent for Alzheimer’s disease via its neuroprotective autophagic effects.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62271485,61903363,U1811463,62103411,62203250)the Science and Technology Development Fund of Macao SAR(0093/2023/RIA2,0050/2020/A1)。
文摘DURING our discussion at workshops for writing“What Does ChatGPT Say:The DAO from Algorithmic Intelligence to Linguistic Intelligence”[1],we had expected the next milestone for Artificial Intelligence(AI)would be in the direction of Imaginative Intelligence(II),i.e.,something similar to automatic wordsto-videos generation or intelligent digital movies/theater technology that could be used for conducting new“Artificiofactual Experiments”[2]to replace conventional“Counterfactual Experiments”in scientific research and technical development for both natural and social studies[2]-[6].Now we have OpenAI’s Sora,so soon,but this is not the final,actually far away,and it is just the beginning.
基金Supported by National Key R&D Program of China,No.2022YFC25045001.3.5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence,West China Hospital,Sichuan University,No.ZYGD23012.
文摘BACKGROUND Extreme heat exposure is a growing health problem,and the effects of heat on the gastrointestinal(GI)tract is unknown.This study aimed to assess the incidence of GI symptoms associated with heatstroke and its impact on outcomes.AIM To assess the incidence of GI symptoms associated with heatstroke and its impact on outcomes.METHODS Patients admitted to the intensive care unit(ICU)due to heatstroke were included from 83 centres.Patient history,laboratory results,and clinically relevant outcomes were recorded at ICU admission and daily until up to day 15,ICU discharge,or death.GI symptoms,including nausea/vomiting,diarrhoea,flatulence,and bloody stools,were recorded.The characteristics of patients with heatstroke concomitant with GI symptoms were described.Multivariable regression analyses were performed to determine significant predictors of GI symptoms.RESULTS A total of 713 patients were included in the final analysis,of whom 132(18.5%)patients had at least one GI symptom during their ICU stay,while 26(3.6%)suffered from more than one symptom.Patients with GI symptoms had a significantly higher ICU stay compared with those without.The mortality of patients who had two or more GI symptoms simultaneously was significantly higher than that in those with one GI symptom.Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that older patients with a lower GCS score on admission were more likely to experience GI symptoms.CONCLUSION The GI manifestations of heatstroke are common and appear to impact clinically relevant hospitalization outcomes.
基金the China National Space Administration(CNSA)the Macao University of Science and Technology Foundation for their support of this paper。
文摘The solar X-ray detector(SXD)onboard the Macao Science Satellite-1B was designed to monitor solar flare bursts and to study the solar activity in the 25th solar cycle.The SXD includes two parts:a soft X-ray detection unit and a hard X-ray detection unit.Both the soft X-ray detection unit and the hard X-ray detection unit include two collimators,two X-ray detectors(a silicon drift detector and a cadmium-zinc-telluride detector),and a processing circuit.Compared with similar instruments,the energy range of the SXD is wider(1–600 ke V)and the energy resolution is better(150 e V at 5.9 ke V,12%at 59.5 ke V,and 3%at 662 keV).
基金funded by the Macao Foundation,the pre-research project of Civil Aerospace Technologies(Nos.D020308 and D020303)funded by the China National Space Administration,Macao Science and Technology Development Fund(FDCT+1 种基金No.0001/2019/A1)the opening fund of the State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences(Macao University of Science and Technology,Macao FDCT No.119/2017/A3)。
文摘The Euler angle estimation is a calibration method for vector data measured by the magnetometer on a satellite.It is used to find the relative rotation between the coordinate system of the magnetometer and the satellite(usually determined by Star Imagers).Before launch of the low-orbit,low-inclination Macao Science Satellite-1(known as MSS-1),we simulated the estimation of Euler angles by using the magnetic measurements of the in-orbit Swarm and China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite(noted as CSES),with various data combinations.In this study,11 data sets were designed to analyze the estimation results for the MSS-1 orbit by using a joint estimation method of the geomagnetic field model parameters and Euler angles.For the model results,we found that all the spatial power spectral lines showed behavior consistent with that of the CHAOS-7.8 model at low degrees(corresponding to large-scale magnetic signals).The spectra of models without global data coverage deviated much more(by a maximum of~10^(4) nT^(2))from those of the CHAOS-7.8 model at higher degrees.For models with global data coverage and with various data combinations,the spectral lines were distributed similarly.Moreover,the models with accordant power spectral distributions demonstrated different Euler angle estimations.As more vector data at higher latitudes were included,the estimated Euler angles varied monotonically in all three directions.The models with vector data in the same latitude range showed similar Euler angle results,regardless of whether the poleward scalar data were included.The largest value difference was found between the models using vector data within±40°latitudes and those using vector data within±60°latitudes,which reached to~28″.Therefore,we concluded that the inversion of the spherical harmonic Gauss coefficients in our tests was mainly affected by the spatial coverage range of the data,whereas the estimation of Euler angles largely depended on the latitude range where the vector data could be obtained.These results can be used for future in-flight data testing.We expect the estimation of Euler angles to improve as other methods are adopted.
基金the B-type Strategic Priority Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB41000000)the China National Space Administration’s Pre-research Project on Civil Aerospace Technologies(Grant No.D020303)+2 种基金the Open Project Program of State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences(Macao University of Science and Technology)through grant SKLLPS(MUST)-2021-2023the Shanghai 2022"Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan"Hong Kong,Macao,and Taiwan Science and Technology Cooperation Project with Grant No.22590760900 for giving the funding support to assist the authors to complete the work successfully。
文摘Macao Science Satellite-1(MSS-1)will be launched at the early of 2023 into a near-circular orbit.The mission is designed to measure the Earth’s geomagnetic field with unpreceded accuracy through a new perspective.The most important component installed on the satellite,to ensure high accuracy,is the deployable boom(Optical Bench).A Vector Field Magnetometer(VFM),an Advanced Stellar Compass(ASC),and a Couple Dark State Magnetometers(CDSM)are deployed on the deployable boom.In order to maximize the mission’s scientific output,a numerical simulator on MSS-1’s deployable boom was required to evaluate the adaptability of all devices on the deployable boom and assist the satellite’s data pre-processing.This paper first briefly describes the synthesis of the Earth’s total magnetic field and then describes the method simulating the output of scalar and vector magnetometers.Finally,the calibration method is applied to the synthetic magnetometer data to analyze the possible noise/error of the relevant instruments.Our results show that the simulator can imitate the disturbance of different noise sources or errors in the measuring system,and is especially useful for the satellite’s data processing group.
基金K Zhang is supported by Macao Science and Technology Development Fund grant 0001/2019/A1Macao Foundationthe preresearch Project on Civil Aerospace Technologies of CNSA(Grants No.D020303 and D020308)。
文摘The European Space Agency(ESA)’s Swarm constellation of a trio of geomagnetic survey satellites in nearly circular polar orbits at altitude about 500 km was launched on 22 November 2013 and has been mapping the Earth’s global magnetic field in unprecedented details,helping scientists better understand how the geomagnetic field is generated and maintained inside the Earth’s fluid core and how the Earth’s external magnetic environment is changing.This review discusses a new novel constellation of the geomagnetic survey satellites that consists of at least four satellites:two satellites are in lower-latitude and nearly circular orbits at altitude about 450 km;two further satellites are marked by nearly polar but strongly eccentric orbits with perigee about 200 km and apogee about 5000 km.The new geomagnetic satellites are equipped with highly stable optical benches,high-precision fluxgate magnetometers and scalar magnetometers which are capable of mapping the Earth’s three-dimensional magnetic field in unprecedented accuracies and details.The new constellation will help elucidate different contributions to the measured geomagnetic field:the core dynamo field,the lithospheric magnetic field,the magnetic fields produced by currents in the ionosphere and the magnetosphere as well as by the currents coupling the ionosphere and magnetosphere,and the magnetic fields induced from the electrically conducting mantle,lithosphere and oceans.In comparison to the Swarm mission,it will provide higher-accuracy,higher-resolution and higher-dimension measurements of the geomagnetic field required for shedding new insights into the core dynamo processes and the Earth’s space magnetic systems along with a wide range of important applications.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.U2002212,52102058,52204414,52204413,and 52204412)the National Key R&D Program of China (Nos.2021YFC1910504,2019YFC1907101,2019YFC1907103,and 2017YFB0702304)+7 种基金the Key R&D Program of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China (Nos.2021BEG01003 and2020BCE01001)the Xijiang Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team,China (No.2017A0109004)the Macao Young Scholars Program (No.AM2022024),Chinathe Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Nos.L212020 and 2214073),Chinathe Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,China (Nos.2021A1515110998 and 2020A1515110408)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2022M710349)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China (Nos.FRF-BD-20-24A,FRF-TP-20-031A1,FRF-IC-19-017Z,and 06500141)the Integration of Green Key Process Systems MIIT and Scientific and Technological Innovation Foundation of Foshan,China(Nos.BK22BE001 and BK21BE002)。
文摘Exclusive responsiveness to ultraviolet light (~3.2 eV) and high photogenerated charge recombination rate are the two primary drawbacks of pure TiO_(2). We combined N-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs), morphology regulation, and heterojunction construction strategies to synthesize N-GQD/N-doped TiO_(2)/P-doped porous hollow g-C_(3)N_(4) nanotube (PCN) composite photocatalysts (denoted as G-TPCN). The optimal sample (G-TPCN doped with 0.1wt% N-GQD, denoted as 0.1% G-TPCN) exhibits significantly enhanced photoabsorption, which is attributed to the change in bandgap caused by elemental doping (P and N), the improved light-harvesting resulting from the tube structure, and the upconversion effect of N-GQDs. In addition, the internal charge separation and transfer capability of0.1% G-TPCN are dramatically boosted, and its carrier concentration is 3.7, 2.3, and 1.9 times that of N-TiO_(2), PCN, and N-TiO_(2)/PCN(TPCN-1), respectively. This phenomenon is attributed to the formation of Z-scheme heterojunction between N-TiO_(2) and PCNs, the excellent electron conduction ability of N-GQDs, and the short transfer distance caused by the porous nanotube structure. Compared with those of N-TiO_(2), PCNs, and TPCN-1, the H2 production activity of 0.1%G-TPCN under visible light is enhanced by 12.4, 2.3, and 1.4times, respectively, and its ciprofloxacin (CIP) degradation rate is increased by 7.9, 5.7, and 2.9 times, respectively. The optimized performance benefits from excellent photoresponsiveness and improved carrier separation and migration efficiencies. Finally, the photocatalytic mechanism of 0.1% G-TPCN and five possible degradation pathways of CIP are proposed. This study clarifies the mechanism of multiple modification strategies to synergistically improve the photocatalytic performance of 0.1% G-TPCN and provides a potential strategy for rationally designing novel photocatalysts for environmental remediation and solar energy conversion.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81303115,81774042 (both to XC)the Pearl River S&T Nova Program of Guangzhou,No.201806010025 (to XC)+3 种基金the Specialty Program of Guangdong Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine of China,No.YN2018ZD07 (to XC)the Natural Science Foundatior of Guangdong Province of China,No.2023A1515012174 (to JL)the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou of China,No.20210201 0268 (to XC),20210201 0339 (to JS)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM,Nos.2018-75,2019-140 (to JS)
文摘Vascular etiology is the second most prevalent cause of cognitive impairment globally.Endothelin-1,which is produced and secreted by endothelial cells and astrocytes,is implicated in the pathogenesis of stroke.However,the way in which changes in astrocytic endothelin-1 lead to poststroke cognitive deficits following transient middle cerebral artery occlusion is not well understood.Here,using mice in which astrocytic endothelin-1 was overexpressed,we found that the selective overexpression of endothelin-1 by astrocytic cells led to ischemic stroke-related dementia(1 hour of ischemia;7 days,28 days,or 3 months of reperfusion).We also revealed that astrocytic endothelin-1 overexpression contributed to the role of neural stem cell proliferation but impaired neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus after middle cerebral artery occlusion.Comprehensive proteome profiles and western blot analysis confirmed that levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein and peroxiredoxin 6,which were differentially expressed in the brain,were significantly increased in mice with astrocytic endothelin-1 overexpression in comparison with wild-type mice 28 days after ischemic stroke.Moreover,the levels of the enriched differentially expressed proteins were closely related to lipid metabolism,as indicated by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis.Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry nontargeted metabolite profiling of brain tissues showed that astrocytic endothelin-1 overexpression altered lipid metabolism products such as glycerol phosphatidylcholine,sphingomyelin,and phosphatidic acid.Overall,this study demonstrates that astrocytic endothelin-1 overexpression can impair hippocampal neurogenesis and that it is correlated with lipid metabolism in poststroke cognitive dysfunction.
基金supported by National key research and development program of China(2022YFA1503101)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22173067,22203058)+4 种基金Science and Technology Project of Jiangsu Province(BK20200873,BZ2020011)the Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao SAR(0052/2021/A)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science&Technology,the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)the 111 ProjectJoint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices。
文摘Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are notable for their high theoretical energy density,but the‘shuttle effect’and the limited conversion kinetics of Li-S species can downgrade their actual performance.An essential strategy is to design anchoring materials(AMs)to appropriately adsorb Li-S species.Herein,we propose a new three-procedure protocol,named InfoAd(Informative Adsorption)to evaluate the anchoring of Li_(2)S on two-dimensional(2D)materials and disclose the underlying importance of material features by combining high-throughput calculation workflow and machine learning(ML).In this paradigm,we calculate the anchoring of Li_(2)S on 12552D A_(x)B_(y)(B in the VIA/VIIA group)materials and pick out 44(un)reported nontoxic 2D binary A_(x)B_(y)AMs,in which the importance of the geometric features on the anchoring effect is revealed by ML for the first time.We develop a new Infograph model for crystals to accurately predict whether a material has a moderate binding with Li_(2)S and extend it to all 2D materials.Our InfoAd protocol elucidates the underlying structure-property relationship of Li_(2)S adsorption on 2D materials and provides a general research framework of adsorption-related materials for catalysis and energy/substance storage.
基金the Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao SAR,China(0159/2019/A3,001/2022/NIF and 0008/2022/AFJ)the Special Fund Project for Science and Technology Innovation Strategy of Guangdong Province,China(2019B121205004)。
文摘Cadmium(Cd)is one of the most toxic heavy metals in the environment.Atmospheric deposition has been found to be the main source of Cd pollution of soil on a large scale in China,and identification of the relationships between anthropogenic emission,atmospheric deposition,and Cd accumulation in soil is important for developing ways to mitigate Cd non-point pollution.In this study,the relationship between atmospheric emission,atmospheric deposition,and soil Cd accumulation in the Middle-Lower Yangtze Plain in China was investigated using datasets of atmospheric emission,deposition,and soil accumulation from the literatures published between 2000 and 2020.The results showed that the soil Cd accumulation rate in the study area exceeded the national average(4.0μg kg^(–1)yr^(–1))and continued to accumulate in recent decades,although the average accumulation rate decreased from 9.45μg kg^(–1)yr^(–1)(2000–2010 period)to8.86μg kg^(–1)yr^(–1)(2010–2020 period).The contribution of atmospheric deposition flux to Cd increment in the soil was in the range of 22–29%,with the atmospheric deposition flux decreasing from 0.54 mg m^(–2)yr^(–1)(2000–2010)to 0.48 mg m^(–2)yr^(–1)(2010–2020),both values being greater than the national average.Atmospheric Cd deposition and emission were highly correlated in a provincial administrative region,which is close to a ratio of 1.0.Emission factors may be in a state of dynamic change due to the influences of new Cd emission control technologies and environmental policies.As the main sources of Cd emissions,dust,and smoke emissions per ton of non-ferrous metal production decreased by 64.7%between the 2000–2010 and 2010–2020 periods.Although new environmental policies have been instigated,atmospheric emission of Cd is still excessive.It was hoped that the findings of this work would provide a scientific basis for the rational control of atmospheric emissions and Cd pollution of soil.
基金supported by the Macao Foundationby the Preresearch Project on Civil Aerospace Technologies No.D020308/D020303 funded by China National Space Administration+1 种基金by the Macao Science and Technology Development Fund,grant No.0001/2019/A1PF Liu is funded by the Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao SAR(File No.0002/2019/APD)。
文摘The Earth’s“lithosphere”is its outer shell,made up of the Earth’s crust and outermost mantle.The part of the Earth’s magnetic field that originates in the lithosphere consists of a superposition of magnetic anomalies with a broad spectrum of sizes and intensities,which arise from geological and tectonic features.The lithospheric magnetic field is known from surface observations,and on larger scales from above-surface measurements.The increase in recent decades of satellites dedicated to measuring the Earth’s magnetic field has improved significantly our models of the Earth’s magnetic environment.Based on these increasing observations,a number of comprehensive field models have been constructed,some of which focus solely on the lithosphere,such as the MF model series.We present a map of lithospheric magnetic anomalies at 400 km altitude,based on a vertically integrated magnetization model.This height was chosen because it is the expected orbital altitude of the Macao Science Satellite-1(MSS-1)mission.The model presented herein indicates that the amplitude of the lithospheric anomalies at 400 km altitude is between-14.8 n T and 18.2 n T.This information is useful because it provides a reference for the lithospheric source of the Earth’s magnetic field that contributes to the magnetic measurements made from satellite instruments.The low inclination orbit of the MSS-1 mission will provide information that is sensitive to lateral variation within the lithosphere;these variations arise from plate tectonic features with longitudinal extent.In conclusion,the new MSS-1mission will provide valuable information in detecting compositional variations in the lithosphere,and in delineating large-scale geological structures.
基金the grants from Project of Schools Directly Under the Wenzhou Municipal Bureau(WX2022056).
文摘Background:Theanine,was natural compounds,has been employed in antibacterial,antineoplastic,promotion of hair growth,therapy of poliosis,and removing pattogenic heat from the blood and toxic material from the body for centuries.However,few reports focused on the treatment by theanine combined with chemotherapy in triple negative breast cancer.Methods:Our study aimed to evaluate and compare the molecular and cellular effects of theanine in combination with cisplatin in triple negative breast cancer lines MDA-MB-231.The 50%inhibitory concentration and cell viability were determined by the cell counting kit-8 assay.Meanwhile,wound healing and transwell assays were used to evaluate the effect of theanine combination with cisplatin on triple negative breast cancer(TNBC)cell metastasis.Moreover,the label-free proteomic method was available to explore the molecular mechanism of theanine combination with cisplatin on TNBC cells.What’s more,reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were carried out to evaluate the related protein and mRNA alteration in the Akt signaling pathway.Results:With theanine added,the inhibitory effect of cisplatin on cell proliferation and metastasis was significantly improved.Meanwhile,with the increase of theanine concentration,the anti-tumor effect of the combination group was also significantly improved.Afterward,label-free proteomics analysis showed that theanine combined with cisplatin could significantly activate the Akt signaling pathway,thus improving the anti-tumor effect of cisplatin.Finally,reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting experiment showed that the combination of cisplatin with theanine induced the greatest down-regulation of phosphorylated Akt expression.Conclusion:All in all,combining theanine with appears to be a promising strategy for the effective treatment of TNBC in the prospective application which merits further clinical investigation.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(82205209)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20210324120405015)。
文摘Objective:To observe the effects of and explore the underlying mechanisms of Periplogenin(PPG)on the regulation of proliferation,apoptosis and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma Hep3B cell.Methods:Hep3B cells were divided into control group and PPG group.The Hep3B cells in the control group were not treated with PPG,and the other in the PPG group were intervened with 2.5,5 and 12.5µmol/mL PPG for 48 h.Cell viability was measured using the CCK-8 assay.Cell morphological changes was observed using by light microscope;the apoptotic state was observed by DAPI/PI staining.The colony-formation assay and scratch method was used for detecting the cell clone forming ability and cell migration ability,respectively.The cell apoptosis-related proteins Caspase-3,Cleaved Caspase-3,Bcl-2 and cell migration-related protein Matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9)were detected byWestern Blot.Results:Compared with the control group,the cell proliferation level and the cell number in each PPG group were decreased,accompanying by cell volume reduction,chromatin pyknosis,and nuclear rupture in Hep3B cells.After PPG treatment,the clone formation level and cell mobility of Hep3B cells were decreased.Compared with the control group,the level of Bcl-2 protein was decreased,while the proportion of Cleaved Caspase-3/Caspase-3 protein was increased.The expression of MMP-9 proteins was decreased,with significantly statistically differences(P<0.05).Conclusion:Periplogenin could inhibit the proliferation,and migration of Hep3B cells and also promote the cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner,which might be related to the activation of Caspase signaling pathway and inhibition of MMP-9 activity.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Development Fund of Macao(0020/2021/A1,0079/2018/A2)National Key Research and Development(2019YFE0123300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12173004,41941002)。
文摘Physical properties(e.g.,ejecta size and distribution)of impact craters are crucial and essential to understanding the ejecta excavation and deposition process,estimating rock breakdown rate,and revealing their evolution characteristics.However,whether these physical properties are scale-dependent and how they evolve in different radial regions needs further studies.In this study,we first investigated the physical properties and evolution of subkilometer(D≤800 m)craters on lunar maria based on the radar circular polarization ratio(CPR).In addition,we estimated the periods over which rocks and blocky ejecta are exposed and buried in the shallow subsurface layer(termed as exposure time)in different radial regions and assessed the retention time and degradation states for potential radar anomalous craters.We found that in the central region of craters,the largest median CPR occurs after an 80 Myr delay following crater formation.In the rim region,there is no obvious CPR peak in the first100 Ma,whereas in the upper wall region,an evident CPR peak occurs beyond 100 Ma and could last over one billion years.In addition,the probable exposure time of rocks and blocky ejecta is estimated to be~2.0 Gyr(central region),~2.7 Gyr(upper wall region),~2.1 Gyr(rim region),and~0.6 Gyr(continuous ejecta blanket region).We also propose that the retention time of radar anomalous craters depends on the crater size,whereas their degraded states are independent of crater size.
基金supported by grants from the Macao Science and Technology Development Fund(Project code:002/2023/ALC)Foshan Medicine Dengfeng Project of China 2019-2021(to BYKL).
文摘The critical role of calcium dyshomeostasis in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease(AD):AD is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive decline,memory impairment,and behavioral changes.With an estimated 50 million people being affected worldwide,the incidence of AD is constantly increasing globally.The hallmark of AD is the accumulation of amyloid-beta protein(Aβ)in the form of amyloid plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau protein in the form of neurofibrillary tangles.However,increasing evidence suggests that calcium ion(Ca2+)dysregulation also plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AD(Calvo-Rodriguez and Bacskai,2021).As a key second messenger,Ca2+regulates a wide range of cellular processes,including the release of neurotransmitters,gene expression,and cell death.Ca^(2+)also regulates the activity of Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II,which is critical for synaptic plasticity,learning,and memory(Kaushik et al.,2022).Alternation in the Ca^(2+)signal is an early event in the pathogenesis of AD,which can lead to synaptic dysfunction,neuronal loss,and cognitive impairment.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 62273272,62303375,and 61873277in part by the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province under Grant 2023-YBGY-243+1 种基金in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province under Grant 2020JQ-758in part by the Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities,and in part by the Special Fund for Scientific and Technological Innovation Strategy of Guangdong Province under Grant 2022A0505030025.
文摘As one of the most effective techniques for finding software vulnerabilities,fuzzing has become a hot topic in software security.It feeds potentially syntactically or semantically malformed test data to a target program to mine vulnerabilities and crash the system.In recent years,considerable efforts have been dedicated by researchers and practitioners towards improving fuzzing,so there aremore and more methods and forms,whichmake it difficult to have a comprehensive understanding of the technique.This paper conducts a thorough survey of fuzzing,focusing on its general process,classification,common application scenarios,and some state-of-the-art techniques that have been introduced to improve its performance.Finally,this paper puts forward key research challenges and proposes possible future research directions that may provide new insights for researchers.
文摘The global incidence of lung cancer is marked by a considerably elevated mortality rate.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)exert pivotal influence in the intricate orchestration of gene regulation,and their dysregulation can precipitate dire consequences,notably cancer.Within this context,miRNAs encapsulated in exosomes manifest a diversified impact on the landscape of lung cancer,wherein their actions may either foster angiogenesis,cell proliferation,and metastasis,or counteract these processes.This comprehensive review article discerns potential targets for the prospective development of therapeutic agents tailored for lung cancer.Tumor-suppressive miRNAs,such as miR-204,miR-192,miR-30a,miR-34a,miR-34b,miR-203,and miR-212,exhibit heightened expression and demonstrate the capacity to inhibit cellular proliferation and invasiveness.Conversely,the deleterious effects of tumor-promoting miRNAs like miR-21,miR-106a,miR-155,miR-205,and miR-210 can be attenuated through the application of their respective inhibitors.Distinct miRNAs selectively target various oncogenes,including NUAK Family Kinase 1(NUAK1),Snail Family Transcriptional Repressor 1(Snai1),Astrocyte elevated gene-1(AEG-1),Vimentin,Proliferation and apoptosis adaptor protein 15(PEA-15/PED),Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha(HIF1),as well as tumor suppressor genes such as phosphatase and tensin homolog(PTEN),Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1(SOCS1),Tumor protein P53 binding protein 1(TP53BP1),and PH Domain and Leucine Rich Repeat Protein Phosphatase 2(PHLP22).This investigative approach proves invaluable in elucidating the specific miRNAs implicated in the deregulation of crucial genes pivotal to the pathogenesis of cancer.
