Deep neural networks perform well in image recognition,object recognition,pattern analysis,and speech recog-nition.In military applications,deep neural networks can detect equipment and recognize objects.In military e...Deep neural networks perform well in image recognition,object recognition,pattern analysis,and speech recog-nition.In military applications,deep neural networks can detect equipment and recognize objects.In military equipment,it is necessary to detect and recognize rifle management,which is an important piece of equipment,using deep neural networks.There have been no previous studies on the detection of real rifle numbers using real rifle image datasets.In this study,we propose a method for detecting and recognizing rifle numbers when rifle image data are insufficient.The proposed method was designed to improve the recognition rate of a specific dataset using data fusion and transfer learningmethods.In the proposed method,real rifle images and existing digit images are fusedas trainingdata,andthe final layer is transferredto theYolov5 algorithmmodel.The detectionand recognition performance of rifle numbers was improved and analyzed using rifle image and numerical datasets.We used actual rifle image data(K-2 rifle)and numeric image datasets,as an experimental environment.TensorFlow was used as the machine learning library.Experimental results show that the proposed method maintains 84.42% accuracy,73.54% precision,81.81% recall,and 77.46% F1-score in detecting and recognizing rifle numbers.The proposed method is effective in detecting rifle numbers.展开更多
Because of its simplicity,reliability,and replicability,the Masquelet induced membrane technique(IMT)has become one of the preferred methods for critical bone defect reconstruction in extremities.Although it is now us...Because of its simplicity,reliability,and replicability,the Masquelet induced membrane technique(IMT)has become one of the preferred methods for critical bone defect reconstruction in extremities.Although it is now used worldwide,few studies have been published about IMT in military practice.Bone reconstruction is particularly challenging in this context of care due to extensive soft-tissue injury,early wound infection,and even delayed management in austere conditions.Based on our clinical expertise,recent research,and a literature analysis,this narrative review provides an overview of the IMT application to combat-related bone defects.It presents technical specificities and future developments aiming to optimize IMT outcomes,including for the management of massive multi-tissue defects or bone reconstruction performed in the field with limited resources.展开更多
Owing to the ubiquitous use of smartphones by soldiers, military researchers have an increasing interest in potentially problematicside effects such as smartphone overdependence. This raises a question regarding the p...Owing to the ubiquitous use of smartphones by soldiers, military researchers have an increasing interest in potentially problematicside effects such as smartphone overdependence. This raises a question regarding the psychological mechanisms underlying thepotentially self-damaging use of smartphones. Here, we address this question by analyzing how heterogeneity in commander’sgood leadership explains subordinate soldiers’ differences in self-control and smartphone use. Specifically, we found thatsubordinate soldiers who thought their commander's leadership was good were self-regulated, less dependent on smartphones,less stressed, and finally had good mental health. This result indicates that commander’s good leadership can be used toestimate whether subordinate soldiers exert control over their impulses and use their smartphones properly. Thus, the currentfindings help to identify external factors that lead to a better understanding of problematic smartphone use and can potentiallyhelp to design appropriate preventive mechanisms or interventions that target commander’s good leadership.展开更多
Evaluation system of small arms firing has an important effect in the context of military domain. A partially automated evaluation system has been conducted and performed at the ground level. Automation of such system...Evaluation system of small arms firing has an important effect in the context of military domain. A partially automated evaluation system has been conducted and performed at the ground level. Automation of such system with the inclusion of artificial intelligence is a much required process. This papers puts focus on designing and developing an AI-based small arms firing evaluation systems in the context of military environment. Initially image processing techniques are used to calculate the target firing score. Additionally, firing errors during the shooting have also been detected using a machine learning algorithm. However, consistency in firing requires an abundance of practice and updated analysis of the previous results. Accuracy and precision are the basic requirements of a good shooter. To test the shooting skill of combatants, firing practices are held by the military personnel at frequent intervals that include 'grouping' and 'shoot to hit' scores. Shortage of skilled personnel and lack of personal interest leads to an inefficient evaluation of the firing standard of a firer. This paper introduces a system that will automatically be able to fetch the target data and evaluate the standard based on the fuzzy systems.Moreover it will be able to predict the shooter performance based on linear regression techniques.Thereby, it compares with recognized patterns to analyze the individual expertise and suggest improvements based on previous values. The paper is developed on a Small Arms Firing Skill Evaluation System, which makes the whole process of firing and target evaluation faster with better accuracy. The experiment has been conducted on real-time scenarios considering the military field and shows a promising result to evaluate the system automatically.展开更多
The paper explores the possibilities of using carbonyl iron in the form of a powder for the manufacture of radar-absorbing paints-reducing the radar signature of the objects that they cover.The attenuation values in t...The paper explores the possibilities of using carbonyl iron in the form of a powder for the manufacture of radar-absorbing paints-reducing the radar signature of the objects that they cover.The attenuation values in the range of 4-18 GHz for various coating thicknesses,ranging from 0.5 to 2.00 mm with 0.5 mm increment,and for different absorber content-75%and 80%,as well as the use of two different binders in the form of epoxy resins with hardeners,were investigated.For the frequency of 18 GHz and a 1.5 mm thick coating with a 75%absorber content,Epidian 112 resin and Saduramid 10/50 hardener used as a binder,and the maximum attenuation level obtained equalled 20.2 d B at 16 GHz.Additionally,the absorber particle size ranging from 3 to 4μm and its higher mass content resulted in achieving the reflection loss above-12 d B in the entire 8-12.5 GHz range for layers between 1-and 1.5 mm thickness.The qualitative assessment of the tested samples in the context of camouflage in the radar range was also performed,using statistical analysis.展开更多
Background: Military medicine cadets undergo strenuous military training alongside demanding medical studies. This stressful and complex educational environment can lead to the emergence of depressive symptoms. We inv...Background: Military medicine cadets undergo strenuous military training alongside demanding medical studies. This stressful and complex educational environment can lead to the emergence of depressive symptoms. We investigated the prevalence of depressive symptoms in a cohort of military medicine cadets.Methods: We conducted a descriptive questionnaire-based cross-sectional study among Greek military medicine cadets in the undergraduate program of the Hellenic Military School of Combat Support Officers. The Greek translation of the Zung self-rating depression scale questionnaire was used to screen for the presence of depressive symptoms. In addition, demographic, academic and dietary information was collected. The Shapiro-Wilk test of normality, Pearson correlation test, Chi-square test, t-test and Mann Whitney U test were employed for statistical analysis.Results: We enrolled 55 female and 91 male military medicine cadets with a mean age of 19.84 years(SD=0.99). The mean Zung crude score was 43.32(SD=4.55): 42.8(SD=4.43) for female cadets and 43.64(SD=4.6) for male cadets. Cadets were further subdivided into low and high risk groups for the presence of depressive symptoms. We identified 57(39%) cadets with a total Zung crude score of 45 or above: 21 females and 36 males. Statistical analysis did not reveal any significant differences between the two groups based on gender, year of training, academic performance, alcohol consumption, smoking status, vitamin supplementation, dietary habits or BMI.Conclusion: We report a high prevalence of depressive symptoms in a cohort of military medicine cadets that underscores the need for effective screening and appropriate and timely interventions. We did not identify any related risk factors. Military medicine cadets are exposed to a challenging military and medical training environment, and thus represent a group at risk for development of depression.展开更多
Background: Zinner syndrome represents a rare congenital malformation of the urinary tract. It comprises a constellation of Wolffian duct anomalies and is almost exclusively encountered as a classic triad of seminal v...Background: Zinner syndrome represents a rare congenital malformation of the urinary tract. It comprises a constellation of Wolffian duct anomalies and is almost exclusively encountered as a classic triad of seminal vesicle cysts, ejaculatory duct obstruction and renal agenesis. Patients can be either asymptomatic or symptomatic. Recently, minimally invasive surgical techniques have emerged, superseding traditional surgery for select symptomatic cases. Our case highlights the finding of a rare clinical syndrome that was incidentally detected during a routine mass screening of military recruits in the Greek Armed Forces.Case presentation: Herein, we present a case of a 19-year-old male who reported having a solitary right kidney when examined in a military training center of Northern Greece. No additional clinical information was available;thus, referral to a tertiary urology department for further investigation ensued. Imaging studies, namely, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, revealed left renal aplasia, multiple left seminal vesicle cysts, and ejaculatory duct obstruction. Laboratory values and urinalysis were within normal range. Semen analysis was significant for cryptozoospermia. Our patient remained asymptomatic during the entire hospitalization. Long-term follow-up was recommended. Nevertheless, he declined further investigation and sought treatment in a private practice setting.Conclusions: This article aims to present the incidental diagnosis of a rare syndrome in a military setting. Population screening conducted in the armed forces permits the identification of undiagnosed diseases that warrant further investigation. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first report of Zinner syndrome in a military recruit and the second case cited of a Greek patient in the published literature. Regular follow-up is the key to timely intervention in conservatively managed cases.展开更多
Background: To explore the relationship between acute stress, social support and sleep disorder in grass-root military personnel, and construct the relational model through structural equation modeling. Methods: A tot...Background: To explore the relationship between acute stress, social support and sleep disorder in grass-root military personnel, and construct the relational model through structural equation modeling. Methods: A total of 2,411 grass-root military personnel were randomly selected by cluster sampling, and administered the Chinese Military Personnel Sleep Disorder Scale, Military Acute Stress Scale and Social Support Rating Scale.Results: The total score of acute stress scale was positively correlated with the total score and factor scores of sleep disorder scale(r=0.209~0.465, P【0.01); The total score of social support scale was positively correlated with the total score of acute stress scale and the total score and factor scores of sleep disorder scale(r=0.356~0.537, P【0.01). The analysis of mediating effects showed that lack of social support partially mediated between acute stress and the factors of sleep disorder. The analysis of structural equation model showed that acute stress not only had a direct effect on sleep disorder(the path coefficient was 0.29, P=0.000), but also on lack of social support(the path coefficient was 0.39, P=0.000); lack of social support had a direct effect on sleep disorder(the path coefficient was 0.48, P=0.000).Conclusions: Acute stress and lack of social support are two significant factors of sleep disorder in grass-root military personnel. Well-established social support could alleviate sleep disorder induced by acute stress. Lack of social support was a partial mediator between acute stress and sleep disorder.展开更多
Background: Musculoskeletal injuries(MSkIs) are a leading cause of health care utilization, as well as limited duty and disability in the US military and other armed forces. MSkIs affect members of the military during...Background: Musculoskeletal injuries(MSkIs) are a leading cause of health care utilization, as well as limited duty and disability in the US military and other armed forces. MSkIs affect members of the military during initial training,operational training, and deployment and have a direct negative impact on overall troop readiness. Currently, a systematic overview of all risk factors for MSkIs in the military is not available.Methods: A systematic literature search was carried out using the PubMed, Ovid/Medline, and Web of Science databases from January 1, 2000 to September 10, 2019. Additionally, a reference list scan was performed(using the “snowball method”). Thereafter, an international, multidisciplinary expert panel scored the level of evidence per risk factor, and a classification of modifiable/non-modifiable was made.Results: In total, 176 original papers and 3 meta-analyses were included in the review. A list of 57 reported potential risk factors was formed. For 21 risk factors, the level of evidence was considered moderate or strong. Based on this literature review and an in-depth analysis, the expert panel developed a model to display the most relevant risk factors identified, introducing the idea of the “order of importance” and including concepts that are modifiable/nonmodifiable, as well as extrinsic/intrinsic risk factors.Conclusions: This is the qualitative systematic review of studies on risk factors for MSkIs in the military that has attempted to be all-inclusive. A total of 57 different potential risk factors were identified, and a new, prioritizing injury model was developed. This model may help us to understand risk factors that can be addressed, and in which order they should be prioritized when planning intervention strategies within military groups.展开更多
Background:Military medicine is a research field that seeks to solve the medical problems that occur in modern war conditions based on public medicine theory.Methods:We explore the main research topics of military hea...Background:Military medicine is a research field that seeks to solve the medical problems that occur in modern war conditions based on public medicine theory.Methods:We explore the main research topics of military health and medical research in the Web of Science?core collection(Wo SCC)from 2007 to 2016,and the goal of this work is to serve as a reference for orientation and development in military health and medicine.Based on Cite Space III,a reference co-citation analysis is performed for 7921 papers published in the Wo SCC from 2007 to 2016.In addition,a cluster analysis of research topics is performed with a comprehensive analysis of high-yield authors,outstanding research institutions and their cooperative networks.Results:Currently,the research topics in military health and medicine mainly focus on the following seven aspects:mental health diagnoses and interventions,an army study to assess risk and resilience in service members(STARRS),large-scale military action,brain science,veterans,soldier parents and children of wartime,and wound infection.We also observed that the annual publication rate increased with time.Wessely S,Greenberg N,Fear NT,Smith TC,Smith B,Jones N,Ryan MAK,Boyko EJ,Hull L,and Rona RJ were the top 10 authors in military health and medicine research.The top 10 institutes were the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences,the United States Army,the United States Navy,Kings College London,Walter Reed National Military Medical Center,Boston University,Walter Reed Army Institute of Research,Walter Reed Army Medical Center,Naval Health Research Center,and the VA Boston Healthcare System.Conclusion:We are able to perform a comprehensive analysis of studies in military health and medicine research and summarize the current research climate and the developmental trends in the Wo SCC.However,further studies and collaborations are needed worldwide.Overall,our findings provide valuable information and new perspectives and shape future research directions for further research in the area of military health and medicine.展开更多
Background:Acne vulgaris,a common skin disease,affects up to 80% of the population.Moderate to severe acne requires treatment with a combination of topical and oral drugs such as antibiotics,hormones and retinoids.Ret...Background:Acne vulgaris,a common skin disease,affects up to 80% of the population.Moderate to severe acne requires treatment with a combination of topical and oral drugs such as antibiotics,hormones and retinoids.Retinoids have many contraindications and adverse effects requiring close monitoring.The study's objectives were to describe prescribing trends in acne medication over time in a military setting,and assess physician adherence to guidelines for acne treatment,including drug precautions,clinical monitoring,and treatment progression.Methods:We conducted a descriptive,serial cross-sectional study of acne drugs prescribed in the Israel Defense Forces(IDF) in the years 2002–2007,analyzing the classes of drugs prescribed and patient characteristics.In addition,the clinical quality of the medical encounter was assessed by examining physician adherence to IDF guidelines.Results:Between 2002 and 2007,64,281 patients were treated for acne.Treatment courses generally persisted for 1–2 months.Over 70% of female patients receiving oral retinoids were not concomitantly receiving oral contraceptives.Conclusions:This study provides a unique perspective of acne treatment in a military setting,overall displaying good adherence to general guidelines.The common prescription of oral retinoids to young females without concomitant contraception is alarming.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the current status of medical support in military operations other than war (MOOTW) in domestic and overseas. Methods: This paper mainly adopts the descriptive, comparative and induction rese...Objective: To investigate the current status of medical support in military operations other than war (MOOTW) in domestic and overseas. Methods: This paper mainly adopts the descriptive, comparative and induction research methods. The current status of medical support in MOOTW in China, America, Russia, Israel, Canada, had been studied through some official papers, and series of professional books by analysis the precise date in various kinds of emergency event. Results: The contrast shows that there is still a quite huge development in medical support in MOOTW, no matter in China, or in other countries. Conclusion: In order to strengthen the forces, besides building professional rescue teams, it is necessary to take a regular revise of plans, according to missions` needs.展开更多
BACKGROUND: The quality of chest compressions can be significantly improved after training of rescuers according to the latest national guidelines of China. However, rescuers may be unable to maintain adequate compres...BACKGROUND: The quality of chest compressions can be significantly improved after training of rescuers according to the latest national guidelines of China. However, rescuers may be unable to maintain adequate compression or ventilation throughout a response of average emergency medical services because of increased rescuer fatigue. In the present study, we evaluated the performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) in training of military medical university students during a prolonged basic life support(BLS).METHODS: A 3-hour BLS training was given to 120 military medical university students. Six months after the training, 115 students performed single rescuer BLS on a manikin for 8 minutes. The qualities of chest compressions as well as ventilations were assessed.RESULTS: The average compression depth and rate were 53.7±5.3 mm and 135.1±15.7 compressions per minute respectively. The proportion of chest compressions with appropriate depth was 71.7%±28.4%. The average ventilation volume was 847.2±260.4 m L and the proportion of students with adequate ventilation was 63.5%. Compared with male students, significantly lower compression depth(46.7±4.8 vs. 54.6±4.8 mm, P<0.001) and adequate compression rate(35.5%±26.5% vs. 76.1%±25.1%, P<0.001) were observed in female students.CONCLUSIONS: CPR was found to be related to gender, body weight, and body mass index of students in this study. The quality of chest compressions was well maintained in male students during 8 minutes of conventional CPR but declined rapidly in female students after 2 minutes according to the latest national guidelines. Physical fitness and rescuer fatigue did not affect the quality of ventilation.展开更多
This paper contrasts Military Power of the People＇s Republic of China from the year of 2000 to 2009 and Military and Security Developments Involving People＇s Republic of China from the year 2010 to 2013 with corpus ...This paper contrasts Military Power of the People＇s Republic of China from the year of 2000 to 2009 and Military and Security Developments Involving People＇s Republic of China from the year 2010 to 2013 with corpus analysis. It distinguishes the new reports＇ differences from the old ones and tries to explore American＇s discourse colonization and discourse hegemony through corpus software WordSmith 5.0-Keywords and Concordance analysis of high frequency words. The significance of the study is that it enlightens military texts which will influence audiences＇ viewpoints and provides a new perspective for strategies replying American media war.展开更多
In recent years, the incidence of severe infectious diseases has increased, and the number of emerging infectious diseases continues to increase. The Chinese government and military forces have paid a great deal of at...In recent years, the incidence of severe infectious diseases has increased, and the number of emerging infectious diseases continues to increase. The Chinese government and military forces have paid a great deal of attention to infectious disease prevention and control, and using military-civilian cooperation, they have successfully prevented numerous severe epidemic situations, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS), influenza A(H1N1), avian influenza H5N1 and H7N9, and Ebola hemorrhagic fever, while actively maintained public health, economic development, and national construction. This paper focuses on the mechanisms of the military-cooperative emergency response to infectious diseases–the joint working mechanism, the information-sharing mechanism, the research collaboration mechanism, and the joint disposal mechanism–and presents a sorted summary of the practices and experiences of cooperative emergency responses to infectious diseases. In the future, the Chinese military and the civilian sector will further strengthen the cooperative joint command system and emergency rescue force and will reinforce their collaborative information-sharing platform and technical equipment system to further improve military-civilian collaborative emergency infectious diseases disposal, advance the level of infectious disease prevention and control, and maintain public health.展开更多
The objectives of this review were to 1)summarize the available evidence on the impact of hearing loss on quality of life(QOL)among U.S.active-duty service members,2)describe the QOL instruments that have been used to...The objectives of this review were to 1)summarize the available evidence on the impact of hearing loss on quality of life(QOL)among U.S.active-duty service members,2)describe the QOL instruments that have been used to quantify the impact of hearing loss on quality of life,3)examine national population-level secondary databases and report on their utility for studying the impact of hearing loss on QOL among active-duty service members,and 4)provide recommendations for future studies that seek to quantify the impact of hearing loss in this population.There is a lack of literature that addresses the intersection of hearing impairment,the military population,and quality of life measures.For audiological research,U.S.military personnel offer a unique research population,as they are exposed to noise levels and blast environments that are highly unusual in civilian work settings and can serve as a model population for studying the impact on QOL associated with these conditions.This review recommends conducting a study on the active-duty service member population using a measurement instrument suitable for determining decreases in QOL specifically due to hearing loss.展开更多
The military population face a unique set of risk factors that may increase the risk of being diagnosed with dementia.Traumatic brain injury(TBI)and post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)have a higher prevalence in this...The military population face a unique set of risk factors that may increase the risk of being diagnosed with dementia.Traumatic brain injury(TBI)and post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)have a higher prevalence in this group in comparison to the civilian population.By delving into the individual relationships between TBI and dementia,and PTSD and dementia,we are able to better explore dementia in the military and veteran populations.While there are some inconsistencies in results,the TBI-dementia association has become more widely accepted.Moderate-tosevere TBI has been found to increase the risk of being diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease.A correlation between PTSD and dementia has been established,however,whether or not it is a causal relationship remains unclear.Factors such as blast,combat and chemical exposure may occur during a deployment,along with TBI and/or PTSD diagnosis,and can impact the risk of dementia.However,there is a lack of literature exploring the direct effects of deployment on dementia risk.Sleep problems have been observed to occur in those following TBI,PTSD and deployment.Poor sleep has been associated with possible dementia risk.Although limited studies have focused on the link between sleep and dementia in military and veteran populations,sleep is a valuable factor to study due to its association and interconnection with other military/veteran factors.This review aims to inform of various risk factors to the cognitive health of military members and veterans:TBI,PTSD,deployment,and sleep.展开更多
Background: Occupation is a significant factor in life, health and well-being. Long-term military service is a unique career path that may influence life expectancy, even after excluding obvious risks such as battlefi...Background: Occupation is a significant factor in life, health and well-being. Long-term military service is a unique career path that may influence life expectancy, even after excluding obvious risks such as battlefield mortality. However, it remains unclear what the effects of a military career are on the life trajectory of personnel who retire from service. We aimed to compare life expectancy among retired military personnel(RMP) to their sex- and birth cohortspecific reference populations.Methods: For this historical-cohort study we collected data on sex, year of birth, year of death, time in service, and rank at end of service for 4,862 Israeli RMPs. Data on reference populations were provided by the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, by birth decade from 1900 to 1989. We calculated the difference between each individual RMP's age at death and the "expected" age at death, based on sex- and birth cohort-specific means in the reference populations. Results: Overall, 67.9% of RMPs lived longer than average relative to their sex specific birth cohort. This difference in life expectancy was more pronounced among women than among men. There was a significant trend of increasing difference between RMP males and reference males over time(P<0.002), whereas no significant trend was identified among females. Length of service and rank were not associated with relative longevity for RMPs.Conclusions: The mechanism of the protective effect of military service on life expectancy remains unknown, but our findings indicate that it affects men and women differently, with women being more likely to benefit from the protective effect of military service. The healthy worker effect is known to vary from one occupation to another. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to quantify the magnitude of the healthy worker effect among career military servicemen and women.展开更多
Military retired cadres were commonly in aged period with high-incidence of diseases. They were troubled with senility, illness, empty-nest syndrome and spouse-bereft, so they were more vulnerable to some psychologica...Military retired cadres were commonly in aged period with high-incidence of diseases. They were troubled with senility, illness, empty-nest syndrome and spouse-bereft, so they were more vulnerable to some psychological problems. Therefore, promoting the mental health service for retired cadres should be highly concerned and more professional service work should be provided to them.展开更多
Epidemiology studies infectious diseases as primary objects, and has formed a scientific system. With the continuous expansion of the scope in epidemiological studies, the development of research methods and the mutua...Epidemiology studies infectious diseases as primary objects, and has formed a scientific system. With the continuous expansion of the scope in epidemiological studies, the development of research methods and the mutual penetration of related disciplines, epidemiology gradually differentiates into many branches. Military epidemiology is just a branch which serves military health and prevention works with epidemic theory. Its study objects are the officers and soldiers in the armed forces, and its mission is to focus not only on peace time, but also on war time and fighting time to prevent from infectious diseases, or even to smash the enemy＇s biological war, which is basically different from the general epidemiology. In recent years, with the policy of reform and opening up, and owing to the improvement of people＇s living standard, the military has significantly improved its living conditions. Meanwhile, because strategic policy and military training has been updated technical diff^culty and intensity in the army have been increased, and disease spectrum has greatly changed. And especially as the theories and methods of modem epidemiology have been introduced into the army, the military epidemiology has been rapidly developed and improved. In short, the military epidemiology has made great achievements in prevention and treatment of common diseases and frequently occurring diseases, in order to guarantee the military members＇ physical and mental health. In the study we review the challenges and prospects for military epidemiology展开更多
基金supported by the Future Strategy and Technology Research Institute(RN:23-AI-04)of Korea Military Academythe Hwarang-Dae Research Institute(RN:2023B1015)of Korea Military Academy,and Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(2021R1I1A1A01040308).
文摘Deep neural networks perform well in image recognition,object recognition,pattern analysis,and speech recog-nition.In military applications,deep neural networks can detect equipment and recognize objects.In military equipment,it is necessary to detect and recognize rifle management,which is an important piece of equipment,using deep neural networks.There have been no previous studies on the detection of real rifle numbers using real rifle image datasets.In this study,we propose a method for detecting and recognizing rifle numbers when rifle image data are insufficient.The proposed method was designed to improve the recognition rate of a specific dataset using data fusion and transfer learningmethods.In the proposed method,real rifle images and existing digit images are fusedas trainingdata,andthe final layer is transferredto theYolov5 algorithmmodel.The detectionand recognition performance of rifle numbers was improved and analyzed using rifle image and numerical datasets.We used actual rifle image data(K-2 rifle)and numeric image datasets,as an experimental environment.TensorFlow was used as the machine learning library.Experimental results show that the proposed method maintains 84.42% accuracy,73.54% precision,81.81% recall,and 77.46% F1-score in detecting and recognizing rifle numbers.The proposed method is effective in detecting rifle numbers.
文摘Because of its simplicity,reliability,and replicability,the Masquelet induced membrane technique(IMT)has become one of the preferred methods for critical bone defect reconstruction in extremities.Although it is now used worldwide,few studies have been published about IMT in military practice.Bone reconstruction is particularly challenging in this context of care due to extensive soft-tissue injury,early wound infection,and even delayed management in austere conditions.Based on our clinical expertise,recent research,and a literature analysis,this narrative review provides an overview of the IMT application to combat-related bone defects.It presents technical specificities and future developments aiming to optimize IMT outcomes,including for the management of massive multi-tissue defects or bone reconstruction performed in the field with limited resources.
基金supported by 2023 Research Fund of Korea Military Academy(Hwarangdae Research Institute,RN:2023B1012).
文摘Owing to the ubiquitous use of smartphones by soldiers, military researchers have an increasing interest in potentially problematicside effects such as smartphone overdependence. This raises a question regarding the psychological mechanisms underlying thepotentially self-damaging use of smartphones. Here, we address this question by analyzing how heterogeneity in commander’sgood leadership explains subordinate soldiers’ differences in self-control and smartphone use. Specifically, we found thatsubordinate soldiers who thought their commander's leadership was good were self-regulated, less dependent on smartphones,less stressed, and finally had good mental health. This result indicates that commander’s good leadership can be used toestimate whether subordinate soldiers exert control over their impulses and use their smartphones properly. Thus, the currentfindings help to identify external factors that lead to a better understanding of problematic smartphone use and can potentiallyhelp to design appropriate preventive mechanisms or interventions that target commander’s good leadership.
文摘Evaluation system of small arms firing has an important effect in the context of military domain. A partially automated evaluation system has been conducted and performed at the ground level. Automation of such system with the inclusion of artificial intelligence is a much required process. This papers puts focus on designing and developing an AI-based small arms firing evaluation systems in the context of military environment. Initially image processing techniques are used to calculate the target firing score. Additionally, firing errors during the shooting have also been detected using a machine learning algorithm. However, consistency in firing requires an abundance of practice and updated analysis of the previous results. Accuracy and precision are the basic requirements of a good shooter. To test the shooting skill of combatants, firing practices are held by the military personnel at frequent intervals that include 'grouping' and 'shoot to hit' scores. Shortage of skilled personnel and lack of personal interest leads to an inefficient evaluation of the firing standard of a firer. This paper introduces a system that will automatically be able to fetch the target data and evaluate the standard based on the fuzzy systems.Moreover it will be able to predict the shooter performance based on linear regression techniques.Thereby, it compares with recognized patterns to analyze the individual expertise and suggest improvements based on previous values. The paper is developed on a Small Arms Firing Skill Evaluation System, which makes the whole process of firing and target evaluation faster with better accuracy. The experiment has been conducted on real-time scenarios considering the military field and shows a promising result to evaluate the system automatically.
文摘The paper explores the possibilities of using carbonyl iron in the form of a powder for the manufacture of radar-absorbing paints-reducing the radar signature of the objects that they cover.The attenuation values in the range of 4-18 GHz for various coating thicknesses,ranging from 0.5 to 2.00 mm with 0.5 mm increment,and for different absorber content-75%and 80%,as well as the use of two different binders in the form of epoxy resins with hardeners,were investigated.For the frequency of 18 GHz and a 1.5 mm thick coating with a 75%absorber content,Epidian 112 resin and Saduramid 10/50 hardener used as a binder,and the maximum attenuation level obtained equalled 20.2 d B at 16 GHz.Additionally,the absorber particle size ranging from 3 to 4μm and its higher mass content resulted in achieving the reflection loss above-12 d B in the entire 8-12.5 GHz range for layers between 1-and 1.5 mm thickness.The qualitative assessment of the tested samples in the context of camouflage in the radar range was also performed,using statistical analysis.
基金the Military School of Combat Support Officers Command for providing a supportive research environment
文摘Background: Military medicine cadets undergo strenuous military training alongside demanding medical studies. This stressful and complex educational environment can lead to the emergence of depressive symptoms. We investigated the prevalence of depressive symptoms in a cohort of military medicine cadets.Methods: We conducted a descriptive questionnaire-based cross-sectional study among Greek military medicine cadets in the undergraduate program of the Hellenic Military School of Combat Support Officers. The Greek translation of the Zung self-rating depression scale questionnaire was used to screen for the presence of depressive symptoms. In addition, demographic, academic and dietary information was collected. The Shapiro-Wilk test of normality, Pearson correlation test, Chi-square test, t-test and Mann Whitney U test were employed for statistical analysis.Results: We enrolled 55 female and 91 male military medicine cadets with a mean age of 19.84 years(SD=0.99). The mean Zung crude score was 43.32(SD=4.55): 42.8(SD=4.43) for female cadets and 43.64(SD=4.6) for male cadets. Cadets were further subdivided into low and high risk groups for the presence of depressive symptoms. We identified 57(39%) cadets with a total Zung crude score of 45 or above: 21 females and 36 males. Statistical analysis did not reveal any significant differences between the two groups based on gender, year of training, academic performance, alcohol consumption, smoking status, vitamin supplementation, dietary habits or BMI.Conclusion: We report a high prevalence of depressive symptoms in a cohort of military medicine cadets that underscores the need for effective screening and appropriate and timely interventions. We did not identify any related risk factors. Military medicine cadets are exposed to a challenging military and medical training environment, and thus represent a group at risk for development of depression.
文摘Background: Zinner syndrome represents a rare congenital malformation of the urinary tract. It comprises a constellation of Wolffian duct anomalies and is almost exclusively encountered as a classic triad of seminal vesicle cysts, ejaculatory duct obstruction and renal agenesis. Patients can be either asymptomatic or symptomatic. Recently, minimally invasive surgical techniques have emerged, superseding traditional surgery for select symptomatic cases. Our case highlights the finding of a rare clinical syndrome that was incidentally detected during a routine mass screening of military recruits in the Greek Armed Forces.Case presentation: Herein, we present a case of a 19-year-old male who reported having a solitary right kidney when examined in a military training center of Northern Greece. No additional clinical information was available;thus, referral to a tertiary urology department for further investigation ensued. Imaging studies, namely, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, revealed left renal aplasia, multiple left seminal vesicle cysts, and ejaculatory duct obstruction. Laboratory values and urinalysis were within normal range. Semen analysis was significant for cryptozoospermia. Our patient remained asymptomatic during the entire hospitalization. Long-term follow-up was recommended. Nevertheless, he declined further investigation and sought treatment in a private practice setting.Conclusions: This article aims to present the incidental diagnosis of a rare syndrome in a military setting. Population screening conducted in the armed forces permits the identification of undiagnosed diseases that warrant further investigation. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first report of Zinner syndrome in a military recruit and the second case cited of a Greek patient in the published literature. Regular follow-up is the key to timely intervention in conservatively managed cases.
基金supported by the special fund of applied military mental health project of the China, the Prevention and Treatment Centre for Psychological Diseases of PLA in the PLA 102nd Hospital, Public Health Division of Joint Logistics Department of Nanjing Military Command
文摘Background: To explore the relationship between acute stress, social support and sleep disorder in grass-root military personnel, and construct the relational model through structural equation modeling. Methods: A total of 2,411 grass-root military personnel were randomly selected by cluster sampling, and administered the Chinese Military Personnel Sleep Disorder Scale, Military Acute Stress Scale and Social Support Rating Scale.Results: The total score of acute stress scale was positively correlated with the total score and factor scores of sleep disorder scale(r=0.209~0.465, P【0.01); The total score of social support scale was positively correlated with the total score of acute stress scale and the total score and factor scores of sleep disorder scale(r=0.356~0.537, P【0.01). The analysis of mediating effects showed that lack of social support partially mediated between acute stress and the factors of sleep disorder. The analysis of structural equation model showed that acute stress not only had a direct effect on sleep disorder(the path coefficient was 0.29, P=0.000), but also on lack of social support(the path coefficient was 0.39, P=0.000); lack of social support had a direct effect on sleep disorder(the path coefficient was 0.48, P=0.000).Conclusions: Acute stress and lack of social support are two significant factors of sleep disorder in grass-root military personnel. Well-established social support could alleviate sleep disorder induced by acute stress. Lack of social support was a partial mediator between acute stress and sleep disorder.
文摘Background: Musculoskeletal injuries(MSkIs) are a leading cause of health care utilization, as well as limited duty and disability in the US military and other armed forces. MSkIs affect members of the military during initial training,operational training, and deployment and have a direct negative impact on overall troop readiness. Currently, a systematic overview of all risk factors for MSkIs in the military is not available.Methods: A systematic literature search was carried out using the PubMed, Ovid/Medline, and Web of Science databases from January 1, 2000 to September 10, 2019. Additionally, a reference list scan was performed(using the “snowball method”). Thereafter, an international, multidisciplinary expert panel scored the level of evidence per risk factor, and a classification of modifiable/non-modifiable was made.Results: In total, 176 original papers and 3 meta-analyses were included in the review. A list of 57 reported potential risk factors was formed. For 21 risk factors, the level of evidence was considered moderate or strong. Based on this literature review and an in-depth analysis, the expert panel developed a model to display the most relevant risk factors identified, introducing the idea of the “order of importance” and including concepts that are modifiable/nonmodifiable, as well as extrinsic/intrinsic risk factors.Conclusions: This is the qualitative systematic review of studies on risk factors for MSkIs in the military that has attempted to be all-inclusive. A total of 57 different potential risk factors were identified, and a new, prioritizing injury model was developed. This model may help us to understand risk factors that can be addressed, and in which order they should be prioritized when planning intervention strategies within military groups.
基金supported financially by the Project of the“12th FiveYear”for Medical Scientific and Technology(CWS11L050)of the PLAthe Science and Technology Development Fund of China Academy of Engineering Physics(wss-2014-03).
文摘Background:Military medicine is a research field that seeks to solve the medical problems that occur in modern war conditions based on public medicine theory.Methods:We explore the main research topics of military health and medical research in the Web of Science?core collection(Wo SCC)from 2007 to 2016,and the goal of this work is to serve as a reference for orientation and development in military health and medicine.Based on Cite Space III,a reference co-citation analysis is performed for 7921 papers published in the Wo SCC from 2007 to 2016.In addition,a cluster analysis of research topics is performed with a comprehensive analysis of high-yield authors,outstanding research institutions and their cooperative networks.Results:Currently,the research topics in military health and medicine mainly focus on the following seven aspects:mental health diagnoses and interventions,an army study to assess risk and resilience in service members(STARRS),large-scale military action,brain science,veterans,soldier parents and children of wartime,and wound infection.We also observed that the annual publication rate increased with time.Wessely S,Greenberg N,Fear NT,Smith TC,Smith B,Jones N,Ryan MAK,Boyko EJ,Hull L,and Rona RJ were the top 10 authors in military health and medicine research.The top 10 institutes were the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences,the United States Army,the United States Navy,Kings College London,Walter Reed National Military Medical Center,Boston University,Walter Reed Army Institute of Research,Walter Reed Army Medical Center,Naval Health Research Center,and the VA Boston Healthcare System.Conclusion:We are able to perform a comprehensive analysis of studies in military health and medicine research and summarize the current research climate and the developmental trends in the Wo SCC.However,further studies and collaborations are needed worldwide.Overall,our findings provide valuable information and new perspectives and shape future research directions for further research in the area of military health and medicine.
文摘Background:Acne vulgaris,a common skin disease,affects up to 80% of the population.Moderate to severe acne requires treatment with a combination of topical and oral drugs such as antibiotics,hormones and retinoids.Retinoids have many contraindications and adverse effects requiring close monitoring.The study's objectives were to describe prescribing trends in acne medication over time in a military setting,and assess physician adherence to guidelines for acne treatment,including drug precautions,clinical monitoring,and treatment progression.Methods:We conducted a descriptive,serial cross-sectional study of acne drugs prescribed in the Israel Defense Forces(IDF) in the years 2002–2007,analyzing the classes of drugs prescribed and patient characteristics.In addition,the clinical quality of the medical encounter was assessed by examining physician adherence to IDF guidelines.Results:Between 2002 and 2007,64,281 patients were treated for acne.Treatment courses generally persisted for 1–2 months.Over 70% of female patients receiving oral retinoids were not concomitantly receiving oral contraceptives.Conclusions:This study provides a unique perspective of acne treatment in a military setting,overall displaying good adherence to general guidelines.The common prescription of oral retinoids to young females without concomitant contraception is alarming.
文摘Objective: To investigate the current status of medical support in military operations other than war (MOOTW) in domestic and overseas. Methods: This paper mainly adopts the descriptive, comparative and induction research methods. The current status of medical support in MOOTW in China, America, Russia, Israel, Canada, had been studied through some official papers, and series of professional books by analysis the precise date in various kinds of emergency event. Results: The contrast shows that there is still a quite huge development in medical support in MOOTW, no matter in China, or in other countries. Conclusion: In order to strengthen the forces, besides building professional rescue teams, it is necessary to take a regular revise of plans, according to missions` needs.
基金supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC81271656,YL)
文摘BACKGROUND: The quality of chest compressions can be significantly improved after training of rescuers according to the latest national guidelines of China. However, rescuers may be unable to maintain adequate compression or ventilation throughout a response of average emergency medical services because of increased rescuer fatigue. In the present study, we evaluated the performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) in training of military medical university students during a prolonged basic life support(BLS).METHODS: A 3-hour BLS training was given to 120 military medical university students. Six months after the training, 115 students performed single rescuer BLS on a manikin for 8 minutes. The qualities of chest compressions as well as ventilations were assessed.RESULTS: The average compression depth and rate were 53.7±5.3 mm and 135.1±15.7 compressions per minute respectively. The proportion of chest compressions with appropriate depth was 71.7%±28.4%. The average ventilation volume was 847.2±260.4 m L and the proportion of students with adequate ventilation was 63.5%. Compared with male students, significantly lower compression depth(46.7±4.8 vs. 54.6±4.8 mm, P<0.001) and adequate compression rate(35.5%±26.5% vs. 76.1%±25.1%, P<0.001) were observed in female students.CONCLUSIONS: CPR was found to be related to gender, body weight, and body mass index of students in this study. The quality of chest compressions was well maintained in male students during 8 minutes of conventional CPR but declined rapidly in female students after 2 minutes according to the latest national guidelines. Physical fitness and rescuer fatigue did not affect the quality of ventilation.
文摘This paper contrasts Military Power of the People＇s Republic of China from the year of 2000 to 2009 and Military and Security Developments Involving People＇s Republic of China from the year 2010 to 2013 with corpus analysis. It distinguishes the new reports＇ differences from the old ones and tries to explore American＇s discourse colonization and discourse hegemony through corpus software WordSmith 5.0-Keywords and Concordance analysis of high frequency words. The significance of the study is that it enlightens military texts which will influence audiences＇ viewpoints and provides a new perspective for strategies replying American media war.
基金supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China(15003–155)
文摘In recent years, the incidence of severe infectious diseases has increased, and the number of emerging infectious diseases continues to increase. The Chinese government and military forces have paid a great deal of attention to infectious disease prevention and control, and using military-civilian cooperation, they have successfully prevented numerous severe epidemic situations, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS), influenza A(H1N1), avian influenza H5N1 and H7N9, and Ebola hemorrhagic fever, while actively maintained public health, economic development, and national construction. This paper focuses on the mechanisms of the military-cooperative emergency response to infectious diseases–the joint working mechanism, the information-sharing mechanism, the research collaboration mechanism, and the joint disposal mechanism–and presents a sorted summary of the practices and experiences of cooperative emergency responses to infectious diseases. In the future, the Chinese military and the civilian sector will further strengthen the cooperative joint command system and emergency rescue force and will reinforce their collaborative information-sharing platform and technical equipment system to further improve military-civilian collaborative emergency infectious diseases disposal, advance the level of infectious disease prevention and control, and maintain public health.
基金supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Contract No.FA8650-12-C-6358
文摘The objectives of this review were to 1)summarize the available evidence on the impact of hearing loss on quality of life(QOL)among U.S.active-duty service members,2)describe the QOL instruments that have been used to quantify the impact of hearing loss on quality of life,3)examine national population-level secondary databases and report on their utility for studying the impact of hearing loss on QOL among active-duty service members,and 4)provide recommendations for future studies that seek to quantify the impact of hearing loss in this population.There is a lack of literature that addresses the intersection of hearing impairment,the military population,and quality of life measures.For audiological research,U.S.military personnel offer a unique research population,as they are exposed to noise levels and blast environments that are highly unusual in civilian work settings and can serve as a model population for studying the impact on QOL associated with these conditions.This review recommends conducting a study on the active-duty service member population using a measurement instrument suitable for determining decreases in QOL specifically due to hearing loss.
基金supported by in kind of donation in the form of author’s time from Blind Veterans UK,the University of Oxford,Circadian Therapeutics and Monash University。
文摘The military population face a unique set of risk factors that may increase the risk of being diagnosed with dementia.Traumatic brain injury(TBI)and post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)have a higher prevalence in this group in comparison to the civilian population.By delving into the individual relationships between TBI and dementia,and PTSD and dementia,we are able to better explore dementia in the military and veteran populations.While there are some inconsistencies in results,the TBI-dementia association has become more widely accepted.Moderate-tosevere TBI has been found to increase the risk of being diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease.A correlation between PTSD and dementia has been established,however,whether or not it is a causal relationship remains unclear.Factors such as blast,combat and chemical exposure may occur during a deployment,along with TBI and/or PTSD diagnosis,and can impact the risk of dementia.However,there is a lack of literature exploring the direct effects of deployment on dementia risk.Sleep problems have been observed to occur in those following TBI,PTSD and deployment.Poor sleep has been associated with possible dementia risk.Although limited studies have focused on the link between sleep and dementia in military and veteran populations,sleep is a valuable factor to study due to its association and interconnection with other military/veteran factors.This review aims to inform of various risk factors to the cognitive health of military members and veterans:TBI,PTSD,deployment,and sleep.
文摘Background: Occupation is a significant factor in life, health and well-being. Long-term military service is a unique career path that may influence life expectancy, even after excluding obvious risks such as battlefield mortality. However, it remains unclear what the effects of a military career are on the life trajectory of personnel who retire from service. We aimed to compare life expectancy among retired military personnel(RMP) to their sex- and birth cohortspecific reference populations.Methods: For this historical-cohort study we collected data on sex, year of birth, year of death, time in service, and rank at end of service for 4,862 Israeli RMPs. Data on reference populations were provided by the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, by birth decade from 1900 to 1989. We calculated the difference between each individual RMP's age at death and the "expected" age at death, based on sex- and birth cohort-specific means in the reference populations. Results: Overall, 67.9% of RMPs lived longer than average relative to their sex specific birth cohort. This difference in life expectancy was more pronounced among women than among men. There was a significant trend of increasing difference between RMP males and reference males over time(P<0.002), whereas no significant trend was identified among females. Length of service and rank were not associated with relative longevity for RMPs.Conclusions: The mechanism of the protective effect of military service on life expectancy remains unknown, but our findings indicate that it affects men and women differently, with women being more likely to benefit from the protective effect of military service. The healthy worker effect is known to vary from one occupation to another. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to quantify the magnitude of the healthy worker effect among career military servicemen and women.
文摘Military retired cadres were commonly in aged period with high-incidence of diseases. They were troubled with senility, illness, empty-nest syndrome and spouse-bereft, so they were more vulnerable to some psychological problems. Therefore, promoting the mental health service for retired cadres should be highly concerned and more professional service work should be provided to them.
文摘Epidemiology studies infectious diseases as primary objects, and has formed a scientific system. With the continuous expansion of the scope in epidemiological studies, the development of research methods and the mutual penetration of related disciplines, epidemiology gradually differentiates into many branches. Military epidemiology is just a branch which serves military health and prevention works with epidemic theory. Its study objects are the officers and soldiers in the armed forces, and its mission is to focus not only on peace time, but also on war time and fighting time to prevent from infectious diseases, or even to smash the enemy＇s biological war, which is basically different from the general epidemiology. In recent years, with the policy of reform and opening up, and owing to the improvement of people＇s living standard, the military has significantly improved its living conditions. Meanwhile, because strategic policy and military training has been updated technical diff^culty and intensity in the army have been increased, and disease spectrum has greatly changed. And especially as the theories and methods of modem epidemiology have been introduced into the army, the military epidemiology has been rapidly developed and improved. In short, the military epidemiology has made great achievements in prevention and treatment of common diseases and frequently occurring diseases, in order to guarantee the military members＇ physical and mental health. In the study we review the challenges and prospects for military epidemiology
