Diversity analysis among 23 rice varieties including 16 non-basmati scented accessions,5 basmati accessions and 2 non-scented accessions was performed by random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) and inter-simple sequenc...Diversity analysis among 23 rice varieties including 16 non-basmati scented accessions,5 basmati accessions and 2 non-scented accessions was performed by random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) and inter-simple sequence repeat(ISSR) marker systems.The varieties analyzed by 11 RAPD and 8 ISSR primers yielded an average of 65% and 80% polymorphism,respectively.The average number of polymorphic bands generated per RAPD primer was 6 and per ISSR primer was 5.87.RAPD and ISSR data analysis individually could not segregate basmati and non-basmati scented rice accessions.However,the analysis using a combined data could group basmati and non-basmati scented rice accessions separately.The bands present specifically among three accessions of non-basmati scented rice were also identified.The study revealed a high genetic diversity among non-basmati scented rice accessions.展开更多
CD38 expression on CD8+ cells seems to correlate well with HIV viral-loads, while the ex-pression levels are thought to be low in patients with tuberculosis. This study aimed at determining the levels of CD38 expressi...CD38 expression on CD8+ cells seems to correlate well with HIV viral-loads, while the ex-pression levels are thought to be low in patients with tuberculosis. This study aimed at determining the levels of CD38 expression in HIV+ individuals who develop tuberculosis. Expression levels of CD8 and CD38 were analysed in peripheral blood collected from HIV (73), TB (32), HIV-TB (31) and healthy controls (20). The percentage of CD8+/CD38+ cells significantly increased during the first few years of seropositivity and decreased during 5 - 6 years. A decline in the expression of CD38, especially on CD8+ cells in a HIV+ individual within first 2 years of seropositivity, may be indicative of susceptibility to tuberculosis. This observation was reiterated when two patients developed TB during follow-up. CD38 on CD8 cells could perhaps be useful as an early biomarker for tuberculosis in HIV-positive individuals.展开更多
Most often a genetic linkage map is prepared using populations obtained from two highly diverse genotypes. However, the markers from such a map may not be useful in a breeding program as these markers may not
Neurodegenerative diseases are collective diseases that affect different parts of the brain with common or distinct disease phenotype. In almost all of the Prion diseases, motor impairments that are characterized by m...Neurodegenerative diseases are collective diseases that affect different parts of the brain with common or distinct disease phenotype. In almost all of the Prion diseases, motor impairments that are characterized by motor derangement, apathy, ataxia, and myoclonus are documented and again are shared by motor neuron diseases (MND). Proteins such as;B-Cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2), Copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase (CCS), Amyloid beta precursor protein (APP), Amyloid Precursor-Like Protein1/2 (APLP1/2), Catalase (CAT), and Stress induced phosphoprotein 1 (STIP1), are common interactomes of Prion and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1). Although there is no strong evidence to show the interaction of SOD1 and Prion, the implicated common interacting proteins indicate the potential bilateral interaction of those proteins in health and disease. For example, down-regulation of Heat shock protein A (HSPA5), a Prion interactome, increases accumulation of misfolded SOD1 leading to MND. Loss of Cu uptake function disturbs normal function of CCS. Over-expressed proteasome subunit alpha 3 (PSMA3) could fatigue its normal function of removing misfolded proteins. Studies showed the increase in CAT and lipid oxidation both in Prion-knocked out animal and in catalase deficiency cases. Up regulation, down regulation or direct interaction with their interactomes are predicted molecular mechanisms by which Prion and SOD exert their effect. The loss of protective function or the gain of a novel toxic property by the principal proteins is shared in Prion and MND. Thus, it might be possible to conclude that the interplay of proteins displayed in both diseases could be a key phenomenon in motor dysfunction development.展开更多
There has been a surge of interest over the past several years in the use of neurochemical endpoints to contribute to our understanding of the mechanism of action of neurotoxicants. In our present presentation, two bi...There has been a surge of interest over the past several years in the use of neurochemical endpoints to contribute to our understanding of the mechanism of action of neurotoxicants. In our present presentation, two biogenic amine systems were selected as examples of biomarkers for neurotoxicity.To investigate these neurochemical endpoints ,two prototype neurotoxicants were evaluated in experimental animals.One agent,reserpine, was used to assess developmental neurotoxicity and administered prenatally ,while the other ,MDMA, was used in the adult animal.The neurochemical biomarkers measured were dopamine,serotonin,and their metabolite(DOPAC and 5-HIAA) concentrations by HPLC/EC and dopamine receptor binding by radioligand receptor techniques.A review of the background, experimental design,and results are presented in this article.Our findings indicate that components of the biogenic amine systems can be used as sensitive neurochemical biomarkers of neurotoxicity.These neurochemical biomarkers can be correlated with neuropathological and behavioral biomarkers to aid in the understanding of mechanisms of neurotoxicity.展开更多
Obesity is associated with the higher risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women.The leptin signaling pathway is recognized to primarily regulate energy balance and associated with breast cancer.Furthermore,the est...Obesity is associated with the higher risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women.The leptin signaling pathway is recognized to primarily regulate energy balance and associated with breast cancer.Furthermore,the estrogen signaling pathway plays a critical role in breast carcinogenesis.In this review,we discuss how obesity is linked to breast cancer via cross-talk of leptin and estrogen pathways.展开更多
Objective:The objective of this study was to develop a robust method for rapid detection and identification of the virus based on Raman spectroscopy combined with machine learning approach.Methods:We have used saliva ...Objective:The objective of this study was to develop a robust method for rapid detection and identification of the virus based on Raman spectroscopy combined with machine learning approach.Methods:We have used saliva spiked with different bacterial viruses such as P1 Phage,M13 Phage,and Lambda Phage,for demonstrating the utility of this method for virus detection.The Raman spectra collected from a large number of independent samples,each of different phages with and without saliva were used to train a supervised convolutional neural network(CNN)with its hyperparameters optimized by Bayesian optimization.The CNN method was not only able to detect the presence of a phage but was also able to identify the phage type using unprocessed Raman spectra having high noise.In addition,a semi-supervised auto-encoder was utilized for differentiating healthy saliva from saliva spiked with phages thereby making it possible to detect the presence of phages in saliva samples.Results:The CNN could identify the virus with an accuracy of 98.86%based on ten-fold cross-validation,precision of 98.8%,recall of 98.7%,and F1 score of 98.7%.The area under the curve of receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.99.Autoencoder was capable of differentiating healthy saliva from the virus spiked saliva with an accuracy of 99.7%in a semi-supervised manner.Thus,Raman spectroscopy coupled with machine learning approach was able to directly detect and identify the virus without consuming time for lengthy sample processing.Conclusion:A robust method based on Raman spectroscopy coupled with machine learning may be capable of detection and identification of the virus even from the signal with low intensity and high noise.This label-free method is fast,sensitive,specific,and cost effective.展开更多
Beta catenin has been well documented in previous studies to be involved in non small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Beta catenin abundance and transcriptional activity are significantly regulated by several factors.Though i...Beta catenin has been well documented in previous studies to be involved in non small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Beta catenin abundance and transcriptional activity are significantly regulated by several factors.Though it is well known that Akt and Gsk3 beta are respective positive and negative regulators of beta catenin,however,no single study has so far documented how the expression and activity of both positive as well as negative regulators play favorable role on beta catenin expression and activity in NSCLC.In this study,we compared expression and activity of beta catenin and its regulators in normal lung cell WI38 and NSCLC cell A549 by western blot,qRT-PCR and luciferase assay.We observed that beta catenin positive regulators(Akt and Hsp90)and negative regulators(Gsk3 beta and microRNA-214)have differential expression and/or activity in NSCLC cell A549.However the differentially altered statuses of both the positive and negative regulators rendered cumulative positive effect on beta catenin expression and activity in A549.Our study thus suggests that chemotherapeutic modulations of regulating factors are crucial when abrogation and/or inhibition of key oncogenic proteins are necessary for cancer chemotherapy.展开更多
With their capability to undergo unlimited self-renewal and to differentiate into all cell types in the body,induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs),reprogrammed from somatic cells of individual patients with defined fa...With their capability to undergo unlimited self-renewal and to differentiate into all cell types in the body,induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs),reprogrammed from somatic cells of individual patients with defined factors,have unlimited potential in cell therapy and in modeling complex human diseases.Significant progress has been achieved to improve the safety of iPSCs and the reprogramming efficiency.To avoid the cancer risk and spontaneous reactivation of the reprogramming factors associated with the random integration of viral vectors into the genome,several approaches have been established to deliver the reprogramming factors into the somatic cells without inducing genetic modification.In addition,a panel of small molecule compounds,many of which targeting the epigenetic machinery,have been identified to increase the reprogramming efficiency.Despite these progresses,recent studies have identified genetic and epigenetic abnormalities of iPSCs as well as the immunogenicity of some cells derived from iPSCs.In addition,due to the oncogenic potential of the reprogramming factors and the reprogramming-induced DNA damage,the critical tumor suppressor pathways such as p53 and ARF are activated to act as the checkpoints that suppress induced pluripotency.The inactivation of these tumor suppression pathways even transiently during reprogramming processes could have significant adverse impact on the genome integrity.These safety concerns must be resolved to improve the feasibility of the clinic development of iPSCs into human cell therapy.展开更多
This perspective discussed the available evidence on the involvement of mTOR pathway in antiphospholipid syndrome(APS),from the aspects of endothelial cells,platelets,monocytes and anti-phospholipid antibodies(PLs),wh...This perspective discussed the available evidence on the involvement of mTOR pathway in antiphospholipid syndrome(APS),from the aspects of endothelial cells,platelets,monocytes and anti-phospholipid antibodies(PLs),which may lead to future therapeutic applications of mTOR inhibition in APS.展开更多
文摘Diversity analysis among 23 rice varieties including 16 non-basmati scented accessions,5 basmati accessions and 2 non-scented accessions was performed by random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) and inter-simple sequence repeat(ISSR) marker systems.The varieties analyzed by 11 RAPD and 8 ISSR primers yielded an average of 65% and 80% polymorphism,respectively.The average number of polymorphic bands generated per RAPD primer was 6 and per ISSR primer was 5.87.RAPD and ISSR data analysis individually could not segregate basmati and non-basmati scented rice accessions.However,the analysis using a combined data could group basmati and non-basmati scented rice accessions separately.The bands present specifically among three accessions of non-basmati scented rice were also identified.The study revealed a high genetic diversity among non-basmati scented rice accessions.
文摘CD38 expression on CD8+ cells seems to correlate well with HIV viral-loads, while the ex-pression levels are thought to be low in patients with tuberculosis. This study aimed at determining the levels of CD38 expression in HIV+ individuals who develop tuberculosis. Expression levels of CD8 and CD38 were analysed in peripheral blood collected from HIV (73), TB (32), HIV-TB (31) and healthy controls (20). The percentage of CD8+/CD38+ cells significantly increased during the first few years of seropositivity and decreased during 5 - 6 years. A decline in the expression of CD38, especially on CD8+ cells in a HIV+ individual within first 2 years of seropositivity, may be indicative of susceptibility to tuberculosis. This observation was reiterated when two patients developed TB during follow-up. CD38 on CD8 cells could perhaps be useful as an early biomarker for tuberculosis in HIV-positive individuals.
文摘Most often a genetic linkage map is prepared using populations obtained from two highly diverse genotypes. However, the markers from such a map may not be useful in a breeding program as these markers may not
文摘Neurodegenerative diseases are collective diseases that affect different parts of the brain with common or distinct disease phenotype. In almost all of the Prion diseases, motor impairments that are characterized by motor derangement, apathy, ataxia, and myoclonus are documented and again are shared by motor neuron diseases (MND). Proteins such as;B-Cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2), Copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase (CCS), Amyloid beta precursor protein (APP), Amyloid Precursor-Like Protein1/2 (APLP1/2), Catalase (CAT), and Stress induced phosphoprotein 1 (STIP1), are common interactomes of Prion and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1). Although there is no strong evidence to show the interaction of SOD1 and Prion, the implicated common interacting proteins indicate the potential bilateral interaction of those proteins in health and disease. For example, down-regulation of Heat shock protein A (HSPA5), a Prion interactome, increases accumulation of misfolded SOD1 leading to MND. Loss of Cu uptake function disturbs normal function of CCS. Over-expressed proteasome subunit alpha 3 (PSMA3) could fatigue its normal function of removing misfolded proteins. Studies showed the increase in CAT and lipid oxidation both in Prion-knocked out animal and in catalase deficiency cases. Up regulation, down regulation or direct interaction with their interactomes are predicted molecular mechanisms by which Prion and SOD exert their effect. The loss of protective function or the gain of a novel toxic property by the principal proteins is shared in Prion and MND. Thus, it might be possible to conclude that the interplay of proteins displayed in both diseases could be a key phenomenon in motor dysfunction development.
文摘There has been a surge of interest over the past several years in the use of neurochemical endpoints to contribute to our understanding of the mechanism of action of neurotoxicants. In our present presentation, two biogenic amine systems were selected as examples of biomarkers for neurotoxicity.To investigate these neurochemical endpoints ,two prototype neurotoxicants were evaluated in experimental animals.One agent,reserpine, was used to assess developmental neurotoxicity and administered prenatally ,while the other ,MDMA, was used in the adult animal.The neurochemical biomarkers measured were dopamine,serotonin,and their metabolite(DOPAC and 5-HIAA) concentrations by HPLC/EC and dopamine receptor binding by radioligand receptor techniques.A review of the background, experimental design,and results are presented in this article.Our findings indicate that components of the biogenic amine systems can be used as sensitive neurochemical biomarkers of neurotoxicity.These neurochemical biomarkers can be correlated with neuropathological and behavioral biomarkers to aid in the understanding of mechanisms of neurotoxicity.
基金supported by NIH grants(R01DK073945 and R01DK075916)a new concept award from DOD(W81XWH-10-1-0480).
文摘Obesity is associated with the higher risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women.The leptin signaling pathway is recognized to primarily regulate energy balance and associated with breast cancer.Furthermore,the estrogen signaling pathway plays a critical role in breast carcinogenesis.In this review,we discuss how obesity is linked to breast cancer via cross-talk of leptin and estrogen pathways.
文摘Objective:The objective of this study was to develop a robust method for rapid detection and identification of the virus based on Raman spectroscopy combined with machine learning approach.Methods:We have used saliva spiked with different bacterial viruses such as P1 Phage,M13 Phage,and Lambda Phage,for demonstrating the utility of this method for virus detection.The Raman spectra collected from a large number of independent samples,each of different phages with and without saliva were used to train a supervised convolutional neural network(CNN)with its hyperparameters optimized by Bayesian optimization.The CNN method was not only able to detect the presence of a phage but was also able to identify the phage type using unprocessed Raman spectra having high noise.In addition,a semi-supervised auto-encoder was utilized for differentiating healthy saliva from saliva spiked with phages thereby making it possible to detect the presence of phages in saliva samples.Results:The CNN could identify the virus with an accuracy of 98.86%based on ten-fold cross-validation,precision of 98.8%,recall of 98.7%,and F1 score of 98.7%.The area under the curve of receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.99.Autoencoder was capable of differentiating healthy saliva from the virus spiked saliva with an accuracy of 99.7%in a semi-supervised manner.Thus,Raman spectroscopy coupled with machine learning approach was able to directly detect and identify the virus without consuming time for lengthy sample processing.Conclusion:A robust method based on Raman spectroscopy coupled with machine learning may be capable of detection and identification of the virus even from the signal with low intensity and high noise.This label-free method is fast,sensitive,specific,and cost effective.
基金This work was supported by DAE,Government of India.We thank Prof.Nitai Pada Bhattacharyya,Former Professor,Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics,Kolkata-700064 for providing the empty U61 and miR-214-U61 plasmids and primers of U6 snRNA and miR-214.
文摘Beta catenin has been well documented in previous studies to be involved in non small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Beta catenin abundance and transcriptional activity are significantly regulated by several factors.Though it is well known that Akt and Gsk3 beta are respective positive and negative regulators of beta catenin,however,no single study has so far documented how the expression and activity of both positive as well as negative regulators play favorable role on beta catenin expression and activity in NSCLC.In this study,we compared expression and activity of beta catenin and its regulators in normal lung cell WI38 and NSCLC cell A549 by western blot,qRT-PCR and luciferase assay.We observed that beta catenin positive regulators(Akt and Hsp90)and negative regulators(Gsk3 beta and microRNA-214)have differential expression and/or activity in NSCLC cell A549.However the differentially altered statuses of both the positive and negative regulators rendered cumulative positive effect on beta catenin expression and activity in A549.Our study thus suggests that chemotherapeutic modulations of regulating factors are crucial when abrogation and/or inhibition of key oncogenic proteins are necessary for cancer chemotherapy.
基金This work was partially supported by a grant from California Institute for Regenerative Medicine(TR1-01277)to YX.
文摘With their capability to undergo unlimited self-renewal and to differentiate into all cell types in the body,induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs),reprogrammed from somatic cells of individual patients with defined factors,have unlimited potential in cell therapy and in modeling complex human diseases.Significant progress has been achieved to improve the safety of iPSCs and the reprogramming efficiency.To avoid the cancer risk and spontaneous reactivation of the reprogramming factors associated with the random integration of viral vectors into the genome,several approaches have been established to deliver the reprogramming factors into the somatic cells without inducing genetic modification.In addition,a panel of small molecule compounds,many of which targeting the epigenetic machinery,have been identified to increase the reprogramming efficiency.Despite these progresses,recent studies have identified genetic and epigenetic abnormalities of iPSCs as well as the immunogenicity of some cells derived from iPSCs.In addition,due to the oncogenic potential of the reprogramming factors and the reprogramming-induced DNA damage,the critical tumor suppressor pathways such as p53 and ARF are activated to act as the checkpoints that suppress induced pluripotency.The inactivation of these tumor suppression pathways even transiently during reprogramming processes could have significant adverse impact on the genome integrity.These safety concerns must be resolved to improve the feasibility of the clinic development of iPSCs into human cell therapy.
文摘This perspective discussed the available evidence on the involvement of mTOR pathway in antiphospholipid syndrome(APS),from the aspects of endothelial cells,platelets,monocytes and anti-phospholipid antibodies(PLs),which may lead to future therapeutic applications of mTOR inhibition in APS.
