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The Importance of Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity for Biodiversity in Forest—Heathland Mosaics and Implications for Heathland Conservation
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作者 Samira Mobaied Jean-Jacques Geoffroy Nathalie Machon 《Journal of Environmental Protection》 2016年第10期1317-1332,共16页
In biodiversity management, spatio-temporal heterogeneity is important to consider conserving high levels of habitat diversity and ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the relationship between landscape spatio-t... In biodiversity management, spatio-temporal heterogeneity is important to consider conserving high levels of habitat diversity and ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the relationship between landscape spatio-temporal heterogeneity and biodiversity in a mosaic-landscape, located in the Fontainebleau forest (France). The diversity of successional stages along a gradient from heathland to forest as well as the persistence of Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull in different forest stands was examined in order to find how the numerous patches of European Heathland habitat embedded in this area should be maintained. The results indicated that in the areas of high spatio-temporal heterogeneity, a general increase is observed in species richness, in particular for vascular plants, bryophytes and carabids. C. vulgaris persisted in coniferous stands and young mixed stand but decreased under deciduous trees and old mixed stands. The Ellenberg’s values for light, nutrients and acidity, show the persistence of favorable enviromental conditions for heathland vegetation under coniferous stands and young mixed stands. These results enable us to offer recommendations to better manage mosaic-landscape biodiversity, and in particular, the heathland semi-natural habitats in the Fontainebleau forest and elsewhere in Europe. 展开更多
关键词 Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity Conservation Management Calluna vulgaris BIODIVERSITY
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Biogeochemical Dynamics of Molybdenum in a Crater Lake:Seasonal Impact and Long-Term Removal
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作者 Alassane Thiam Didier Jezequel +8 位作者 Alexis Groleau Francois Prevot Filipa Lopes Patrick Alberic Catherine Quiblier Elivira Bura-Nakic Irena Ciglenecki Hassiba Lazar Eric Viollier 《Journal of Water Resource and Protection》 2014年第4期256-271,共16页
Despite a large variety of processes that can control Mo and its potential to become an environmental tracer of euxinic environment, this element is not often studied in lakes. The aim of this paper is to identify mai... Despite a large variety of processes that can control Mo and its potential to become an environmental tracer of euxinic environment, this element is not often studied in lakes. The aim of this paper is to identify main seasonal biogeochemical processes that involve Mo in a well constrained freshwater system (Lake Pavin water-column) in order to evaluate their respective importance. In Lake Pavin, 4 main processes have been identified: 1) the transitional process represented by Mo assimilation of by phytoplankton in the epilimnion (nitrogen biological fixation and nitrate assimilation);2) transient process represented by dissolved Mo adsorption onto Fe and Mn metal oxides at oxic/anoxic interface (depth 50 - 60 m);3) Mo precipitation where apparent sulfide production rate is maximum, and from 80 m depths;4) release of dissolved Mo due to Mo benthic flux or input from a deep source. 展开更多
关键词 MOLYBDENUM Biogeochemical Cycles DIATOMS ICP-MS Meromictic Lake
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Walking the thin line…ten years later:the dilemma of aboveversus below-ground features to support phylogenies in the Russulaceae(Basidiomycota) 被引量:9
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作者 Bart Buyck Stefan Zoller Valerie Hofstetter 《Fungal Diversity》 SCIE 2018年第2期267-292,共26页
For the very first time,morpho-anatomical features of both fruiting bodies as well as below-ground structures have been confronted with a newly produced multigene phylogeny of root symbiotic basidiomycetes using one o... For the very first time,morpho-anatomical features of both fruiting bodies as well as below-ground structures have been confronted with a newly produced multigene phylogeny of root symbiotic basidiomycetes using one of the most speciose genera of ectomycorrhizal fungi(Russula,Russulales)as an example.In this first of two papers,the authors focus more specifically on below-ground structures.Our five-gene phylogeny divides the genus in five main clades,here interpreted as representing seven subgenera,all significantly supported.Although more conserved than features of fruiting bodies,the anatomy of ectomycorrhiza does not allow for an unambiguous characterization of the main clades resolved by phylogenetic analysis,but the anatomy of ectomycorrhiza performs better to naturally classify the species of this genus.Features of fruiting bodies remain much more adequate for the delimitation of terminal clades and are irreplaceable for morphological species identification.Tropical taxa mostly nest in ancient lineages,but are also present in some terminal clades of otherwise temperate species groups.The shift from plectenchymatic to pseudoparenchymatic ECM outer mantle structures happened most likely already in the paleotropics,and is here hypothesized to have facilitated a major diversification of the genus with new hosts in the northern hemisphere.Available data as well as our own observations on below ground structures of several Lactifluus species suggests that this genus shares with Russula the absence of lactifers in ECM mantles and rhizomorphs,contrary to species of Lactarius where lactifers are always present.First observations on rhizomorphs of species in Multifurca confirm the presence of vessel-like and ladder-like hyphae,also found in the other agarioid genera of this family,while distinct lactifers are only present in the lactarioid,but not in russuloid members of this genus. 展开更多
关键词 Ectomycorrhizal anatomy Lactifluus Multifurca Multigene phylogeny Rhizomorphs
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Changes in diversity and body size of Onychiurinae(Collembola:Onychiuridae)along an altitudinal gradient in Changbai Mountain,China 被引量:2
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作者 Xin Sun Louis Deharveng +3 位作者 Anne Bedos Liang Chang Stefan Scheu Donghui Wu 《Soil Ecology Letters》 CAS 2020年第3期230-239,共10页
Collembola are among the most abundant and diverse soil animals contributing significantly to major ecosystem processes.Global climate changes in temperature and precipitation are likely to affect their community stru... Collembola are among the most abundant and diverse soil animals contributing significantly to major ecosystem processes.Global climate changes in temperature and precipitation are likely to affect their community structure and functioning and this is likely to differ along altitudinal gradients.In this study,changes in richness,abundance,and body size of onychiurin Collembola with altitude have been investigated in the Changbai Mountain range of northeast China.Sampling was carried out on a 30 km long transect along forested slopes of the Changbai Mountains.Standardized samples were taken from 800 to 1700 m at seven altitudinal levels.More than 5000 specimens of Onychiurinae representing 13 species were collected,making Onychiuridae(with the sole subfamily Onychiurinae in Changbai)the most abundant Collembolan family in the area.The number of species of Onychiurinae slightly increased along the altitudinal gradient.The average number of species per sample,but not the total abundance,changed significantly but not monotonically with altitude.Body size of Onychiurinae species decreased significantly with increasing altitude contradicting Bergmann’s rule.Furthermore,the abundance of the three body-size groups differentially responded to increasing altitude,with the abundance of the large body-size group decreasing and the abundance of the small body-size group increasing.Our results suggest that the distribution patterns of Collembola along the altitudinal gradient are complicated and may be linked to taxonomic groups and bioclimatic zones. 展开更多
关键词 COLLEMBOLA ELEVATION Species richness Body size
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Fungal diversity notes 1036-1150:taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on genera and species of fungal taxa 被引量:8
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作者 Kevin D.Hyde Danushka S.Tennakoon +118 位作者 Rajesh Jeewon DJayarama Bhat Sajeewa S.N.Maharachchikumbura Walter Rossi Marco Leonardi Hyang Burm Lee Hye Yeon Mun Jos Houbraken Thuong T.T.Nguyen Sun Jeong Jeon Jens Christian Frisvad Dhanushka N.Wanasinghe Robert Lucking Andre Aptroot Marcela E.S.Caceres Samantha C.Karunarathna Sinang Hongsanan Rungtiwa Phookamsak Nimali Ide Silva Kasun M.Thambugala Ruvishika S.Jayawardena Indunil C.Senanayake Saranyaphat Boonmee Jie Chen Zong-Long Luo Chayanard Phukhamsakda Olinto L.Pereira Vanessa P.Abreu Andre Wilson Campos Rosado Buyck Bart Emile Randrianjohany Vale rie Hofstetter Tatiana B.Gibertoni Adriene Mayrada Silva Soares Helio Longoni Plautz Jr Helen Maria Pontes Sotao William Kalhy Silva Xavier Jadson Diogo Pereira Bezerra Thays Gabrielle Linsde Oliveira Cristina Mariade Souza-Motta Oliane Maria Correia Magalhaes Digvijayini Bundhun Dulanjalee Harishchandra Ishara S.Manawasinghe Wei Dong Sheng-Nan Zhang Dan-Feng Bao Milan C.Samarakoon Dhandevi Pem Anuruddha Karunarathna Chuan-Gen Lin Jing Yang Rekhani H.Perera Vinit Kumar Shi-Ke Huang Monika C.Dayarathne Anusha H.Ekanayaka Subashini C.Jayasiri Yuanpin Xiao Sirinapa Konta Tuula Niskanen Kare Liimatainen Yu-Cheng Dai Xiao-Hong Ji Xue-Mei Tian Armin Mesic Sanjay K.Singh Kunthida Phutthacharoen Lei Cai Touny Sorvongxay Vinodhini Thiyagaraja Chada Norphanphoun Napalai Chaiwan Yong-Zhong Lu Hong-Bo Jiang Jin-Feng Zhang Pranami D.Abeywickrama Janith V.S.Aluthmuhandiram Rashika S.Brahmanage Ming Zeng Thilini Chethana Deping Wei Martina Reblova Jacques Fournier Jana Nekvindova Renan do Nascimento Barbosa Jose Ewerton Felintodos Santos Neiva Tintide Oliveira Guo-Jie Li Damien Ertz Qiu-Ju Shang Alan J.L.Phillips Chang-Hsin Kuo Erio Camporesi Timur S.Bulgakov Saisamorn Lumyong E.B.Gareth Jones Putarak Chomnunti Eleni Gentekaki Frank Bungartz Xiang-Yu Zeng Sally Fryar Zdenko Tkalcec Junmin Liang Guangshuo Li Ting-Chi Wen Paras Nath Singh Yusufjon Gafforov Itthayakorn Promputtha Erandi Yasanthika Ishani D.Goonasekara Rui-Lin Zhao Qi Zhao Paul M.Kirk Jian-KuiLiu JiYe Yan Peter E.Mortimer Jianchu Xu Mingkwan Doilom 《Fungal Diversity》 SCIE 2019年第3期1-242,共242页
This article is the tenth series of the Fungal Diversity Notes,where 114 taxa distributed in three phyla,ten classes,30 orders and 53 families are described and illustrated.Taxa described in the present study include ... This article is the tenth series of the Fungal Diversity Notes,where 114 taxa distributed in three phyla,ten classes,30 orders and 53 families are described and illustrated.Taxa described in the present study include one new family(viz.Pseudoberkleasmiaceae in Dothideomycetes),five new genera(Caatingomyces,Cryptoschizotrema,Neoacladium,Paramassaria and Trochilispora)and 71 new species,(viz.Acrogenospora thailandica,Amniculicola aquatica,A.guttulata,Angustimassarina sylvatica,Blackwellomyces lateris,Boubovia gelatinosa,Buellia viridula,Caatingomyces brasiliensis,Calophoma humuli,Camarosporidiella mori,Canalisporium dehongense,Cantharellus brunneopallidus,C.griseotinctus,Castanediella meliponae,Coprinopsis psammophila,Cordyceps succavus,Cortinarius minusculus,C.subscotoides,Diaporthe italiana,D.rumicicola,Diatrypella delonicis,Dictyocheirospora aquadulcis,D.taiwanense,Digitodesmium chiangmaiense,Distoseptispora dehongensis,D.palmarum,Dothiorella styphnolobii,Ellisembia aurea,Falciformispora aquatic,Fomitiporia carpinea,F.lagerstroemiae,Grammothele aurantiaca,G.micropora,Hermatomyces bauhiniae,Jahnula queenslandica,Kamalomyces mangrovei,Lecidella yunnanensis,Micarea squamulosa,Muriphaeosphaeria angustifoliae,Neoacladium indicum,Neodidymelliopsis sambuci,Neosetophoma miscanthi,N.salicis,Nodulosphaeria aquilegiae,N.thalictri,Paramassaria samaneae,Penicillium circulare,P.geumsanense,P.mali-pumilae,P.psychrotrophicum,P.wandoense,Phaeoisaria siamensis,Phaeopoacea asparagicola,Phaeosphaeria penniseti,Plectocarpon galapagoense,Porina sorediata,Pseudoberkleasmium chiangmaiense,Pyrenochaetopsis sinensis,Rhizophydium koreanum,Russula prasina,Sporoschisma chiangraiense,Stigmatomyces chamaemyiae,S.cocksii,S.papei,S.tschirnhausii,S.vikhrevii,Thysanorea uniseptata,Torula breviconidiophora,T.polyseptata,Trochilispora schefflerae and Vaginatispora palmae).Further,twelve new combinations(viz.Cryptoschizotrema cryptotrema,Prolixandromyces australi,P.elongatus,P.falcatus,P.longispinae,P.microveliae,P.neoalardi,P.polhemorum,P.protuberans,P.pseudoveliae,P.tenuistipitis and P.umbonatus),an epitype is chosen for Cantharellus goossensiae,a reference specimen for Acrogenospora sphaerocephala and new synonym Prolixandromyces are designated.Twenty-four new records on new hosts and new geographical distributions are also reported(i.e.Acrostalagmus annulatus,Cantharellus goossensiae,Coprinopsis villosa,Dothiorella plurivora,Dothiorella rhamni,Dothiorella symphoricarposicola,Dictyocheirospora rotunda,Fasciatispora arengae,Grammothele brasiliensis,Lasiodiplodia iraniensis,Lembosia xyliae,Morenoina palmicola,Murispora cicognanii,Neodidymelliopsis farokhinejadii,Neolinocarpon rachidis,Nothophoma quercina,Peroneutypa scoparia,Pestalotiopsis aggestorum,Pilidium concavum,Plagiostoma salicellum,Protofenestella ulmi,Sarocladium kiliense,Tetraploa nagasakiensis and Vaginatispora armatispora). 展开更多
关键词 71 new taxa ASCOMYCOTA BASIDIOMYCOTA DOTHIDEOMYCETES Eurotiomycetes LECANOROMYCETES Leotiomycetes Pezizomycetes Phylogeny Taxonomy
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Nuisance species:beyond the ecological perspective
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作者 Zina Skandrani Sebastien Lepetz Anne-Caroline Prevot-Julliard 《Ecological Processes》 SCIE EI 2014年第1期236-247,共12页
Introduction:‘Nuisance species’(or‘invasive’species)are often proposed to be the second most important concern in the context of the current biodiversity crisis.Despite increasing evidence that exotic species do n... Introduction:‘Nuisance species’(or‘invasive’species)are often proposed to be the second most important concern in the context of the current biodiversity crisis.Despite increasing evidence that exotic species do not always become invasive,this perception is still common in the scientific community.This suggests that other issues are at stake in the concept of nuisance species rather than just the problems they raise,grounded mostly in ecological or economic arguments.Methods:We retraced the evolution of pigeon representation in France through an extensive review of ancient texts related to pigeons and reviewed more than 240 source texts,dating from the seventh century to the 1990s.We completed these data with literature on human-animal relationships and animal conceptions in religious,philosophical,scientific,and political currents of thought that were representative of Western and,specifically,French tradition.Results:We used the heated debate over pigeons(Columba livia)as pests as a case study by analyzing the ecological,social,economic,and political relations regarding pigeons.Through a historical perspective of the debate about and understanding of pigeons,we propose a new and complementary explanation for the modern thinking of pigeons as a nuisance species,based on what we termed their socio-nature characteristics.In particular,we used social representations theory to highlight the issues of human identity construction at stake in the construction of pigeons as a nuisance species.Conclusions:We invite the reader to consider the impact of such human self-definition on environmental stances,as it could constrain further developments or improvements of conservation perspectives. 展开更多
关键词 CONSERVATION Human-animal relations Identity construction ‘Nuisance species’ Social representations Socio-natures
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Fungal diversity notes 603–708: taxonomic and phylogenetic notes on genera and species
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作者 Kevin D.Hyde Chada Norphanphoun +85 位作者 Vanessa P.Abreu Anna Bazzicalupo K.W.Thilini Chethana Marco Clericuzio Monika C.Dayarathne Asha J.Dissanayake Anusha H.Ekanayaka Mao-Qiang He Sinang Hongsanan Shi-Ke Huang Subashini C.Jayasiri Ruvishika S.Jayawardena Anuruddha Karunarathna Sirinapa Konta Ivana Kusan Hyun Lee Junfu Li Chuan-Gen Lin Ning-Guo Liu Yong-Zhong Lu Zong-Long Luo Ishara S.Manawasinghe Ausana Mapook Rekhani H.Perera Rungtiwa Phookamsak Chayanard Phukhamsakda Igor Siedlecki Adriene Mayra Soares Danushka S.Tennakoon Qing Tian Saowaluck Tibpromma Dhanushka N.Wanasinghe Yuan-Pin Xiao Jing Yang Xiang-Yu Zeng Faten A.Abdel-Aziz Wen-Jing Li Indunil C.Senanayake Qiu-Ju Shang Dinushani A.Daranagama Nimali Ide Silva Kasun M.Thambugala Mohamed A.Abdel-Wahab Ali H.Bahkali Mary L.Berbee Saranyaphat Boonmee D.Jayarama Bhat Timur S.Bulgakov Bart Buyck Erio Camporesi Rafael F.Castaneda-Ruiz Putarak Chomnunti Minkwan Doilom Francesco Dovana Tatiana B.Gibertoni Margita Jadan Rajesh Jeewon E.B.Gareth Jones Ji-Chuan Kang Samantha C.Karunarathna Young Woon Lim Jian-Kui Liu Zuo-Yi Liu Helio Longoni Plautz Jr Saisamorn Lumyong Sajeewa S.N.Maharachchikumbura Neven Matocec Eric H.C.McKenzie Armin Mesic Daniel Miller Julia Pawłowska Olinto L.Pereira Itthayakorn Promputtha Andrea I.Romero Leif Ryvarden Hong-Yan Su Satinee Suetrong Zdenko Tkalcec Alfredo Vizzini Ting-Chi Wen Komsit Wisitrassameewong Marta Wrzosek Jian-Chu Xu Qi Zhao Rui-Lin Zhao Peter E.Mortimer 《Fungal Diversity》 SCIE 2017年第6期1-235,共235页
This is the sixth in a series of papers where we bring collaborating mycologists together to produce a set of notes of several taxa of fungi.In this study we introduce a new family Fuscostagonosporaceae in Dothideomyc... This is the sixth in a series of papers where we bring collaborating mycologists together to produce a set of notes of several taxa of fungi.In this study we introduce a new family Fuscostagonosporaceae in Dothideomycetes.We also introduce the new ascomycete genera Acericola,Castellaniomyces,Dictyosporina and Longitudinalis and new species Acericola italica,Alternariaster trigonosporus,Amarenomyces dactylidis,Angustimassarina coryli,Astrocystis bambusicola,Castellaniomyces rosae,Chaetothyrina artocarpi,Chlamydotubeufia krabiensis,Colletotrichum lauri,Collodiscula chiangraiensis,Curvularia palmicola,Cytospora mali-sylvestris,Dictyocheirospora cheirospora,Dictyosporina ferruginea,Dothiora coronillae,Dothiora spartii,Dyfrolomyces phetchaburiensis,Epicoccum cedri,Epicoccum pruni,Fasciatispora calami,Fuscostagonospora cytisi,Grandibotrys hyalinus,Hermatomyces nabanheensis,Hongkongmyces thailandica,Hysterium rhizophorae,Jahnula guttulaspora,Kirschsteiniothelia rostrata,Koorchalomella salmonispora,Longitudinalis nabanheensis,Lophium zalerioides,Magnibotryascoma mali,Meliola clerodendri-infortunati,Microthyrium chinense,Neodidymelliopsis moricola,Neophaeocryptopus spartii,Nigrograna thymi,Ophiocordyceps cossidarum,Ophiocordyceps issidarum,Ophiosimulans plantaginis,Otidea pruinosa,Otidea stipitata,Paucispora kunmingense,Phaeoisaria microspora,Pleurothecium floriforme,Poaceascoma halophila,Periconia aquatica,Periconia submersa,Phaeosphaeria acaciae,Phaeopoacea muriformis,Pseudopithomyces kunmingnensis,Ramgea ozimecii,Sardiniella celtidis,Seimatosporium italicum,Setoseptoria scirpi,Torula gaodangensis and Vamsapriya breviconidiophora.We also provide an amended account of Rhytidhysteron to include apothecial ascomata and a J?hymenium.The type species of Ascotrichella hawksworthii(Xylariales genera incertae sedis),Biciliopsis leptogiicola(Sordariomycetes genera incertae sedis),Brooksia tropicalis(Micropeltidaceae),Bryochiton monascus(Teratosphaeriaceae),Bryomyces scapaniae(Pseudoperisporiaceae),Buelliella minimula(Dothideomycetes genera incertae sedis),Carinispora nypae(Pseudoastrosphaeriellaceae),Cocciscia hammeri(Verrucariaceae),Endoxylina astroidea(Diatrypaceae),Exserohilum turcicum(Pleosporaceae),Immotthia hypoxylon(Roussoellaceae),Licopolia franciscana(Vizellaceae),Murispora rubicunda(Amniculicolaceae)and Doratospora guianensis(synonymized under Rizalia guianensis,Trichosphaeriaceae)were reexamined and descriptions,illustrations and discussion on their familial placement are given based on phylogeny and morphological data.New host records or new country reports are provided for Chlamydotubeufia huaikangplaensis,Colletotrichum fioriniae,Diaporthe subclavata,Diatrypella vulgaris,Immersidiscosia eucalypti,Leptoxyphium glochidion,Stemphylium vesicarium,Tetraploa yakushimensis and Xepicula leucotricha.Diaporthe baccae is synonymized under Diaporthe rhusicola.A reference specimen is provided for Periconia minutissima.Updated phylogenetic trees are provided for most families and genera.We introduce the new basidiomycete species Agaricus purpurlesquameus,Agaricus rufusfibrillosus,Lactifluus holophyllus,Lactifluus luteolamellatus,Lactifluus pseudohygrophoroides,Russula benwooii,Russula hypofragilis,Russula obscurozelleri,Russula parapallens,Russula phoenicea,Russula pseudopelargonia,Russula pseudotsugarum,Russula rhodocephala,Russula salishensis,Steccherinum amapaense,Tephrocybella constrictospora,Tyromyces amazonicus and Tyromyces angulatus and provide updated trees to the genera.We also introduce Mortierella formicae in Mortierellales,Mucoromycota and provide an updated phylogenetic tree. 展开更多
关键词 ASCOMYCOTA BASIDIOMYCOTA Mucoromycota PHYLOGENY Taxonomy
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The quest for a globally comprehensible Russula language 被引量:7
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作者 Slavomır Adamcik Brian Looney +24 位作者 Miroslav Cabon Sona Jancovicova Katarina Adamcikova Peter G.Avis Magdalena Barajas Rajendra P.Bhatt Adriana Corrales Kanad Das Felix Hampe Aniket Ghosh Genevieve Gates Ville Kalviainen Abdul Nasir Khalid Munazza Kiran Ruben De Lange Hyun Lee Young Woon Lim Alejandro Kong Cathrin Manz Clark Ovrebo Malka Saba Tero Taipale Annemieke Verbeken Komsit Wisitrassameewong Bart Buyck 《Fungal Diversity》 SCIE 2019年第6期369-449,共81页
Since 2007,the quality of Russula descriptions has improved and the use of molecular support for species delimitation and the number of published new species has increased.However,the description style is not consiste... Since 2007,the quality of Russula descriptions has improved and the use of molecular support for species delimitation and the number of published new species has increased.However,the description style is not consistent and has regional or author-specific patterns.Most recent publications still favour descriptions of spores compared to hymenium and pileipellis elements,and usually only the spore size is provided with statistical support.This study proposes standards for descriptions of the microscopic structure of Russula species(Russulaceae,Agaricomycetes).We present the description template,the template measurements table,the specific terminology and the essential chemical reagents.The proposed standards were tested by mycologists from 11 countries who met at the Russula Microscopy Workshop in Slovakia.Descriptions of 26 species from 9 countries and four continents were prepared,among them R.amarissima,R.castanopsidis,R.seperina and R.subtilis are re-described and 15 species are introduced as new:R.abietiphila,R.amerorecondita,R.aurantioflava,R.echidna,R.flavobrunnescens,R.fluvialis,R.fortunae,R.garyensis,R.gemmata,R.laevis,R.madrensis,R.olivaceohimalayensis,R.purpureogracilis,R.sancti-pauli and R.wielangtae.Seven descriptions for candidate new species are provided without a formal name assignment.Pairwise comparison of species described in this study with available similar descriptions of related species suggests that microscopic characters from all parts of the basidiomata can be equally important for species recognition and they deserve the same treatment including number of measurements and statistics.The majority of recent studies does not recognise differences between the pileus margin and centre,but more than one-third of the species described in this study show distinct differences between the pileus areas,emphasizing the importance to specify the origin of pileipellis observations.This study proved that there is frequently insufficient difference in the ITS barcode between closely related species and that it is necessary to use more genetic markers combined with ecological and geographical data. 展开更多
关键词 Morphology standards New species PHYLOGENY Species delimitation TAXONOMY
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