Retinal regeneration： The retina is a part of the central nervous system （CNS） and has long attracted neurobiologists as an excellent model organ for the study of CNS regeneration. In classical studies using urodel...Retinal regeneration： The retina is a part of the central nervous system （CNS） and has long attracted neurobiologists as an excellent model organ for the study of CNS regeneration. In classical studies using urodele amphibians like the salamander newt, it has been shown that the retina regenerates after the removal of the whole tissue even in the adulthood. This type of regeneration is considered as an example of ＂transdifferentiation＇, since the source of the regenerating retina is the retinal pigmented epithelial cells （RPE cells） （Okada, 1991;展开更多
The coevolutionary interaction between cuckoos and their hosts has been studied for a long time, but to date some puzzles still remain unsolved. Whether cuckoos parasitize their hosts by laying eggs randomly or matchi...The coevolutionary interaction between cuckoos and their hosts has been studied for a long time, but to date some puzzles still remain unsolved. Whether cuckoos parasitize their hosts by laying eggs randomly or matching the egg morphs of their hosts is one of the mysteries of the cuckoo problem. Scientists tend to believe that cuckoos lay eggs matching the appearance of host eggs due to selection caused by the ability of the hosts to recognize their own eggs.In this paper, we first review previous empirical studies to test this mystery and found no studies have provided direct evidence of cuckoos choosing to parasitize host nests where egg color and pattern match. We then present examples of unmatched cuckoo eggs in host nests and key life history traits of cuckoos, e.g. secretive behavior and rapid egg-laying and link them to cuckoo egg laying behavior. Finally we develop a conceptual model to demonstrate the egg laying behaviour of cuckoos and propose an empirical test that can provide direct evidence of the egg-laying properties of female cuckoos. We speculate that the degree of egg matching between cuckoo eggs and those of the host as detected by humans is caused by the ability of the hosts to recognize their own eggs, rather than the selection of matching host eggs by cuckoos. The case of Common Cuckoos(Cuculus canorus) and their parrotbill hosts(Paradoxornis alphonsianus), where it has been shown that both have evolved polymorphic eggs(mainly blue and white), was used to develop a conceptual model to demonstrate why cuckoos should utilize parrotbill hosts by laying eggs randomly rather than laying eggs matching the appearance of host eggs.In conclusion, we found no evidence for the hypothesis that cuckoos lay eggs based on own egg color matching that of the parrotbill-cuckoo system. We argue theoretically that laying eggs matching those of the hosts in this system violates a key trait of the life history of cuckoos and therefore should be maladaptive.展开更多
Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is the most common reason for progressive dementia in the elderly.It has been shown that disorders of the mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin(mTOR)signaling pathways are related to the AD...Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is the most common reason for progressive dementia in the elderly.It has been shown that disorders of the mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin(mTOR)signaling pathways are related to the AD.On the other hand,diabetes mellitus(DM)is a risk factor for the cognitive dysfunction.The pathogenesis of the neuronal impairment caused by diabetic hyperglycemia is intricate,which contains neuro-inflammation and/or neurodegeneration and dementia.Glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP1)is interesting as a possible link between metabolism and brain impairment.Modulation of GLP1 activity can influence amyloid-beta peptide aggregation via the phosphoinositide-3 kinase/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in AD.The GLP1 receptor agonists have been shown to have favorable actions on the brain such as the improvement of neurological deficit.They might also exert a beneficial effect with refining learning and memory on the cognitive impairment induced by diabetes.Recent experimental and clinical evidence indicates that dipeptidyl-peptidase-4(DPP4)inhibitors,being currently used for DM therapy,may also be effective for AD treatment.The DPP-4 inhibitors have demonstrated neuroprotection and cognitive improvements in animal models.Although further studies for mTOR,GLP1,and DPP4 signaling pathways in humans would be intensively required,they seem to be a promising approach for innovative AD-treatments.We would like to review the characteristics of AD pathogenesis,the key roles of mTOR in AD and the preventive and/or therapeutic suggestions of directing the mTOR signaling pathway.展开更多
Stemness of cancer cells contains limitless self-renewal proliferation.For the purpose of proliferation,secretome might exert its effects via the paracrine signaling.Specific microRNAs enclosed in the secretome of can...Stemness of cancer cells contains limitless self-renewal proliferation.For the purpose of proliferation,secretome might exert its effects via the paracrine signaling.Specific microRNAs enclosed in the secretome of cancer stem cells could regulate the expression of anti-proliferative APRO family proteins.The biological functions of APRO family proteins seems to be quite intricate,however,which might be a key modulator of microRNAs,then could regulate the proliferation of cancer cells.In addition to affecting proliferation/differentiation during cellular development,APRO family proteins might also play an imperious role on keeping homeostasis in healthy stem cells under a physiological condition.Therefore,relationship between the microRNAs and the APRO family proteins has attracted much attention in the field of cancer research and regenerative medicine.Here,we have described the molecular mechanism behind this interplay that have a potential role in the future promising tools with targeting APRO family proteins for the medical applications.展开更多
Malnutrition is associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality, and may case an undesirable effect on the growth and development in children. There have been several reports about the prevalence of malnu...Malnutrition is associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality, and may case an undesirable effect on the growth and development in children. There have been several reports about the prevalence of malnutrition in hospitalized children, but reports about malnutrition in a large number of healthy children are quite limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of likelihood of malnutrition in Japanese healthy children. We retrospectively reviewed data of height and weight at a regular health check in 7517 healthy children (age 3 - 17;3747 boys, 3770 girls) during 2008 and 2010 in Nara city, Japan. The data were evaluated using Waterlow classification, i.e., weight-for-height (W/H) and height-for-age (H/A). The prevalence of under-nutrition, as estimated by the values of W/H less than 90% and H/A less than 95%, were 20.1% and 8.3%, respectively, and this prevalence of malnutrition risk tended to vary substantially with age. The peak levels of the prevalence were found to be at around 12 years old for both sexes in W/H, and at around 11 years old for boys and at around 10 years old for girls in H/A. We have clearly demonstrated the existence of certain percentages of the likelihood of malnutrition at different ages in healthy children. These findings suggest that when we want to evaluate the nutritional status using Waterlow classification in hospitalized children, we should be careful by taking such reference values into account.展开更多
Introduction: Although there are several reports on the prevalence of underweight or obesity in low birth weight (LBW, th percentile and ≥90th percentile of the body mass index (BMI), respectively, based on reference...Introduction: Although there are several reports on the prevalence of underweight or obesity in low birth weight (LBW, th percentile and ≥90th percentile of the body mass index (BMI), respectively, based on reference values for Japanese children. Results: LBW children had accelerated growth from birth to age 3.5 years, but at Age 5, both sexes had significantly lesser height and weight z-scores, with notably lesser BMI percentile scores for girls, compared with NBW children. The prevalence of underweight was significantly higher in the LBW children throughout the study period. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of obesity between the two groups, except for at birth. Multiple regression analysis revealed that small-for-gestational age was associated with underweight at Age 5 years. Conclusions: This study indicates that, up to Age 5, underweight is a more serious problem than obesity in LBW children. Our results suggest that careful observation of growth from early infancy is necessary to prevent the occurrence of underweight in early infancy.展开更多
Although there are numerous studies on the use of supplements in children and adolescents from western countries, only a small number of studies have been conducted in Asian countries. This study was planned to determ...Although there are numerous studies on the use of supplements in children and adolescents from western countries, only a small number of studies have been conducted in Asian countries. This study was planned to determine the use of supplements and their association with lifestyles in healthy Japanese children and adolescents. This is a community-based cross-sectional study conducted in a Japanese urban city, Nara, in 2008. A total of 681 children and adolescents aged between 3 and 17 years were enrolled. The parents were asked to complete a questionnaire on the use of supplements among their children. Demographic information, health and nutrition status of children as perceived by parents, sleep duration, and a family history of supplement use were also collected. A total of 20.4% of children and adolescents are presently using (in the past one month) or have used (in the past one year excluding the past one month) supplements. The types of supplements most commonly used were minerals, followed by vitamins and blueberry extracts. Univariate analysis indicated that supplement use was associated with older age, poor perception of health status, shorter sleep duration, and a positive family history of supplement use. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age and a positive family history affected supplement use. Given the ap-proximately 20% of prevalence of supplement use in Japanese children and adolescents, there is a need for further research to examine the supplements’ effectiveness and safety.展开更多
Taste acuity of adult patients undergoing cancer treatment has been well investigated;however, studies of taste acuity after completion of cancer treatment are limited, particularly in children. This study aimed to as...Taste acuity of adult patients undergoing cancer treatment has been well investigated;however, studies of taste acuity after completion of cancer treatment are limited, particularly in children. This study aimed to assess taste acuity in pediatric cancer patients after treatment completion. Seventy-three patients who had completed cancer treatment (median age, 13 years;range, 7 - 18 years) and had not received any further treatment for at least 6 months were enrolled. Eighty-one healthy children (median age, 10 years;range, 8 - 19 years) served as controls. We determined the thresholds for four tastes (sweet, salty, sour, and bitter) using the filter-paper disc method. There was no significant difference in the thresholds of taste acuity for the four test solutions between the patient and control groups. The duration since treatment completion (<5 years vs. ≥5 years) had no significant impact on taste acuity for the four test solutions. The threshold for tasting salt was significantly higher in the group that had received chemotherapy + radiation and/or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation than that in the group that had received chemotherapy-only. Our results indicated that taste acuity after treatment completion in pediatric cancer patients was the same as that in healthy children. However, some treatment modalities were correlated with an impaired ability to taste salt. Gustatory test results should be considered while deciding nutritional support modalities after treatment completion in pediatric cancer patients.展开更多
Clusters of galaxies are the most massive objects in the Universe and precise knowledge of their mass structure is important to understand the history of structure formation and constrain still unknown types of dark c...Clusters of galaxies are the most massive objects in the Universe and precise knowledge of their mass structure is important to understand the history of structure formation and constrain still unknown types of dark contents of the Universe. X-ray spectroscopy of galaxy clusters provides rich information about the physical state of hot intracluster gas and the underlying potential structure. In this paper, starting from the basic description of clusters under equilibrium conditions, we review properties of clusters revealed primarily through X-ray observations considering their thermal and dynamical evolutions. The future prospects of cluster studies using upcoming X-ray missions are also mentioned.展开更多
We have investigated the effects of compression and quantization on atomic distribution in ice Ic and in its compressed states at 77 K and 10 K, using the path integral molecular dynamics (PIMD) simulations over wide ...We have investigated the effects of compression and quantization on atomic distribution in ice Ic and in its compressed states at 77 K and 10 K, using the path integral molecular dynamics (PIMD) simulations over wide range of volume. It has been found that the high density amorphous ice (HDA) is attained by compression but volume range to retain ice structure is wider at 10 K than 77 K. We have discovered that quantum dispersion of atoms in ice Ic at 10 K induces non-zero probability that hydrogen-bonded H<sub>2</sub>O molecular molecules are oriented nonlinearly in the crystal structure, which was believed to contain exclusively linear orientation of hydrogen-bonded molecular pairs in this ice. It has been found that for HDA there is each non-zero probability of orientational disorder of hydrogen-bonded H<sub>2</sub>O pairs, of such uniform distribution of H atoms as observed in supercritical fluids in general, and of H atoms located at the O-O midpoint. The present PIMD simulations have revealed that these observed anomalous characteristics of atomic distribution in HDA are caused by both quantization of atoms and compression of the system.展开更多
Geographical studies of outdoor activities have increased in recent years with the rise in popularity of these activities worldwide,including in Japan.Volunteered geographic information(VGI)is a key tool for organizin...Geographical studies of outdoor activities have increased in recent years with the rise in popularity of these activities worldwide,including in Japan.Volunteered geographic information(VGI)is a key tool for organizing outdoor activities as it offers a means to determine the locational information and names of places.To evaluate the quality of VGI,geospatial data generated by land survey agencies and other VGI are often utilized as reference data.However,since these reference data may not be available,other methods are necessary to assure the quality of VGI.In this study,we examined five trust indicators based on the inherent characteristics of VGI through an empirical case study.We used mountain names extracted from OpenStreetMap in Japan as data because there were almost no other VGI in the vicinity.As a result,we isolated three trust indicators,namely versions,users,and tag corrections,to examine the thematic accuracy of VGI because these were the only statistically significant indicators.However,we found that the prediction rate of thematic accuracy was very low.To improve thematic accuracy,this study recommends using the most accurate versions,applying correctly given tags,and considering the motivations and characteristics of the VGI contributors.展开更多
We present a brief review of the most important efforts aimed at simulating single-walled carbon nanotube(SWNT)nucleation and growth processes using molecular dynamics(MD)techniques reported in the literature.MD simul...We present a brief review of the most important efforts aimed at simulating single-walled carbon nanotube(SWNT)nucleation and growth processes using molecular dynamics(MD)techniques reported in the literature.MD simulations allow the spatio-temporal movement of atoms during nonequilibrium growth to be followed.Thus,it is hoped that a successful MD simulation of the entire SWNT formation process will assist in the design of chirality-specic SWNT synthesis techniques.We give special consideration to the role of the metal catalyst particles assumed in standard theories of SWNT formation,and describe the actual metal behavior observed in the reported MD simulations,including our own recent quantum chemical MD simulations.It is concluded that the use of a quantum potential is essential for a qualitatively correct description of the catalytic behavior of the metal cluster,and that carbide formation does not seem to be a necessary requirement for nucleation and growth of SWNTs according to our most recent quantum chemical MD simulations.展开更多
A natural compactification of the virtual configuration space of N points on the Riemann sphere C is constructed by using cross-ratios. We show that this compactification is homeomorphic to the Bers＇ compactification...A natural compactification of the virtual configuration space of N points on the Riemann sphere C is constructed by using cross-ratios. We show that this compactification is homeomorphic to the Bers＇ compactification of the virtual moduli space of a punctured Riemann sphere of type N. In particular, the system of global and explicit coordinates of this standard compactification is given by cross-ratios.展开更多
From April to July 2018,a data sample at the peak energy of the T(4 S) resonance was collected with the Belle Ⅱ detector at the SuperKEKB electron-positron collider.This is the first data sample of the Belle Ⅱ exper...From April to July 2018,a data sample at the peak energy of the T(4 S) resonance was collected with the Belle Ⅱ detector at the SuperKEKB electron-positron collider.This is the first data sample of the Belle Ⅱ experiment.Using Bhabha and digamma events,we measure the integrated luminosity of the data sample to be(496.3±0.3±3.0) pb-1,where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic.This work provides a basis for future luminosity measurements at Belle Ⅱ.展开更多
基金supported by Grant-in-Aid(Scientific Research on Innovative Area:MEXT KAKENHI Grant Number 23124506)a Grant-in-Aid(Kiban-C:JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 23570255)
文摘Retinal regeneration： The retina is a part of the central nervous system （CNS） and has long attracted neurobiologists as an excellent model organ for the study of CNS regeneration. In classical studies using urodele amphibians like the salamander newt, it has been shown that the retina regenerates after the removal of the whole tissue even in the adulthood. This type of regeneration is considered as an example of ＂transdifferentiation＇, since the source of the regenerating retina is the retinal pigmented epithelial cells （RPE cells） （Okada, 1991;
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.31071938,31272328 and 31472013 to WL,and 31260514 to CY)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(NCET-13-0761)+1 种基金the Key Project of the Chinese Ministry of Education(no.212136)the Program of International S&T Cooperation(KJHZ2013-12)to CY
文摘The coevolutionary interaction between cuckoos and their hosts has been studied for a long time, but to date some puzzles still remain unsolved. Whether cuckoos parasitize their hosts by laying eggs randomly or matching the egg morphs of their hosts is one of the mysteries of the cuckoo problem. Scientists tend to believe that cuckoos lay eggs matching the appearance of host eggs due to selection caused by the ability of the hosts to recognize their own eggs.In this paper, we first review previous empirical studies to test this mystery and found no studies have provided direct evidence of cuckoos choosing to parasitize host nests where egg color and pattern match. We then present examples of unmatched cuckoo eggs in host nests and key life history traits of cuckoos, e.g. secretive behavior and rapid egg-laying and link them to cuckoo egg laying behavior. Finally we develop a conceptual model to demonstrate the egg laying behaviour of cuckoos and propose an empirical test that can provide direct evidence of the egg-laying properties of female cuckoos. We speculate that the degree of egg matching between cuckoo eggs and those of the host as detected by humans is caused by the ability of the hosts to recognize their own eggs, rather than the selection of matching host eggs by cuckoos. The case of Common Cuckoos(Cuculus canorus) and their parrotbill hosts(Paradoxornis alphonsianus), where it has been shown that both have evolved polymorphic eggs(mainly blue and white), was used to develop a conceptual model to demonstrate why cuckoos should utilize parrotbill hosts by laying eggs randomly rather than laying eggs matching the appearance of host eggs.In conclusion, we found no evidence for the hypothesis that cuckoos lay eggs based on own egg color matching that of the parrotbill-cuckoo system. We argue theoretically that laying eggs matching those of the hosts in this system violates a key trait of the life history of cuckoos and therefore should be maladaptive.
文摘Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is the most common reason for progressive dementia in the elderly.It has been shown that disorders of the mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin(mTOR)signaling pathways are related to the AD.On the other hand,diabetes mellitus(DM)is a risk factor for the cognitive dysfunction.The pathogenesis of the neuronal impairment caused by diabetic hyperglycemia is intricate,which contains neuro-inflammation and/or neurodegeneration and dementia.Glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP1)is interesting as a possible link between metabolism and brain impairment.Modulation of GLP1 activity can influence amyloid-beta peptide aggregation via the phosphoinositide-3 kinase/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in AD.The GLP1 receptor agonists have been shown to have favorable actions on the brain such as the improvement of neurological deficit.They might also exert a beneficial effect with refining learning and memory on the cognitive impairment induced by diabetes.Recent experimental and clinical evidence indicates that dipeptidyl-peptidase-4(DPP4)inhibitors,being currently used for DM therapy,may also be effective for AD treatment.The DPP-4 inhibitors have demonstrated neuroprotection and cognitive improvements in animal models.Although further studies for mTOR,GLP1,and DPP4 signaling pathways in humans would be intensively required,they seem to be a promising approach for innovative AD-treatments.We would like to review the characteristics of AD pathogenesis,the key roles of mTOR in AD and the preventive and/or therapeutic suggestions of directing the mTOR signaling pathway.
文摘Stemness of cancer cells contains limitless self-renewal proliferation.For the purpose of proliferation,secretome might exert its effects via the paracrine signaling.Specific microRNAs enclosed in the secretome of cancer stem cells could regulate the expression of anti-proliferative APRO family proteins.The biological functions of APRO family proteins seems to be quite intricate,however,which might be a key modulator of microRNAs,then could regulate the proliferation of cancer cells.In addition to affecting proliferation/differentiation during cellular development,APRO family proteins might also play an imperious role on keeping homeostasis in healthy stem cells under a physiological condition.Therefore,relationship between the microRNAs and the APRO family proteins has attracted much attention in the field of cancer research and regenerative medicine.Here,we have described the molecular mechanism behind this interplay that have a potential role in the future promising tools with targeting APRO family proteins for the medical applications.
文摘Malnutrition is associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality, and may case an undesirable effect on the growth and development in children. There have been several reports about the prevalence of malnutrition in hospitalized children, but reports about malnutrition in a large number of healthy children are quite limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of likelihood of malnutrition in Japanese healthy children. We retrospectively reviewed data of height and weight at a regular health check in 7517 healthy children (age 3 - 17;3747 boys, 3770 girls) during 2008 and 2010 in Nara city, Japan. The data were evaluated using Waterlow classification, i.e., weight-for-height (W/H) and height-for-age (H/A). The prevalence of under-nutrition, as estimated by the values of W/H less than 90% and H/A less than 95%, were 20.1% and 8.3%, respectively, and this prevalence of malnutrition risk tended to vary substantially with age. The peak levels of the prevalence were found to be at around 12 years old for both sexes in W/H, and at around 11 years old for boys and at around 10 years old for girls in H/A. We have clearly demonstrated the existence of certain percentages of the likelihood of malnutrition at different ages in healthy children. These findings suggest that when we want to evaluate the nutritional status using Waterlow classification in hospitalized children, we should be careful by taking such reference values into account.
文摘Introduction: Although there are several reports on the prevalence of underweight or obesity in low birth weight (LBW, th percentile and ≥90th percentile of the body mass index (BMI), respectively, based on reference values for Japanese children. Results: LBW children had accelerated growth from birth to age 3.5 years, but at Age 5, both sexes had significantly lesser height and weight z-scores, with notably lesser BMI percentile scores for girls, compared with NBW children. The prevalence of underweight was significantly higher in the LBW children throughout the study period. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of obesity between the two groups, except for at birth. Multiple regression analysis revealed that small-for-gestational age was associated with underweight at Age 5 years. Conclusions: This study indicates that, up to Age 5, underweight is a more serious problem than obesity in LBW children. Our results suggest that careful observation of growth from early infancy is necessary to prevent the occurrence of underweight in early infancy.
文摘Although there are numerous studies on the use of supplements in children and adolescents from western countries, only a small number of studies have been conducted in Asian countries. This study was planned to determine the use of supplements and their association with lifestyles in healthy Japanese children and adolescents. This is a community-based cross-sectional study conducted in a Japanese urban city, Nara, in 2008. A total of 681 children and adolescents aged between 3 and 17 years were enrolled. The parents were asked to complete a questionnaire on the use of supplements among their children. Demographic information, health and nutrition status of children as perceived by parents, sleep duration, and a family history of supplement use were also collected. A total of 20.4% of children and adolescents are presently using (in the past one month) or have used (in the past one year excluding the past one month) supplements. The types of supplements most commonly used were minerals, followed by vitamins and blueberry extracts. Univariate analysis indicated that supplement use was associated with older age, poor perception of health status, shorter sleep duration, and a positive family history of supplement use. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age and a positive family history affected supplement use. Given the ap-proximately 20% of prevalence of supplement use in Japanese children and adolescents, there is a need for further research to examine the supplements’ effectiveness and safety.
文摘Taste acuity of adult patients undergoing cancer treatment has been well investigated;however, studies of taste acuity after completion of cancer treatment are limited, particularly in children. This study aimed to assess taste acuity in pediatric cancer patients after treatment completion. Seventy-three patients who had completed cancer treatment (median age, 13 years;range, 7 - 18 years) and had not received any further treatment for at least 6 months were enrolled. Eighty-one healthy children (median age, 10 years;range, 8 - 19 years) served as controls. We determined the thresholds for four tastes (sweet, salty, sour, and bitter) using the filter-paper disc method. There was no significant difference in the thresholds of taste acuity for the four test solutions between the patient and control groups. The duration since treatment completion (<5 years vs. ≥5 years) had no significant impact on taste acuity for the four test solutions. The threshold for tasting salt was significantly higher in the group that had received chemotherapy + radiation and/or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation than that in the group that had received chemotherapy-only. Our results indicated that taste acuity after treatment completion in pediatric cancer patients was the same as that in healthy children. However, some treatment modalities were correlated with an impaired ability to taste salt. Gustatory test results should be considered while deciding nutritional support modalities after treatment completion in pediatric cancer patients.
文摘Clusters of galaxies are the most massive objects in the Universe and precise knowledge of their mass structure is important to understand the history of structure formation and constrain still unknown types of dark contents of the Universe. X-ray spectroscopy of galaxy clusters provides rich information about the physical state of hot intracluster gas and the underlying potential structure. In this paper, starting from the basic description of clusters under equilibrium conditions, we review properties of clusters revealed primarily through X-ray observations considering their thermal and dynamical evolutions. The future prospects of cluster studies using upcoming X-ray missions are also mentioned.
文摘We have investigated the effects of compression and quantization on atomic distribution in ice Ic and in its compressed states at 77 K and 10 K, using the path integral molecular dynamics (PIMD) simulations over wide range of volume. It has been found that the high density amorphous ice (HDA) is attained by compression but volume range to retain ice structure is wider at 10 K than 77 K. We have discovered that quantum dispersion of atoms in ice Ic at 10 K induces non-zero probability that hydrogen-bonded H<sub>2</sub>O molecular molecules are oriented nonlinearly in the crystal structure, which was believed to contain exclusively linear orientation of hydrogen-bonded molecular pairs in this ice. It has been found that for HDA there is each non-zero probability of orientational disorder of hydrogen-bonded H<sub>2</sub>O pairs, of such uniform distribution of H atoms as observed in supercritical fluids in general, and of H atoms located at the O-O midpoint. The present PIMD simulations have revealed that these observed anomalous characteristics of atomic distribution in HDA are caused by both quantization of atoms and compression of the system.
文摘Geographical studies of outdoor activities have increased in recent years with the rise in popularity of these activities worldwide,including in Japan.Volunteered geographic information(VGI)is a key tool for organizing outdoor activities as it offers a means to determine the locational information and names of places.To evaluate the quality of VGI,geospatial data generated by land survey agencies and other VGI are often utilized as reference data.However,since these reference data may not be available,other methods are necessary to assure the quality of VGI.In this study,we examined five trust indicators based on the inherent characteristics of VGI through an empirical case study.We used mountain names extracted from OpenStreetMap in Japan as data because there were almost no other VGI in the vicinity.As a result,we isolated three trust indicators,namely versions,users,and tag corrections,to examine the thematic accuracy of VGI because these were the only statistically significant indicators.However,we found that the prediction rate of thematic accuracy was very low.To improve thematic accuracy,this study recommends using the most accurate versions,applying correctly given tags,and considering the motivations and characteristics of the VGI contributors.
基金by a Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology(CREST)grant in the Area of High Performance Computing for Multi-Scale and Multi-Physics Phenomena from the Japan Science and Technology Agency(JST)One of the authors(SI)also acknowledges support by the Program for Improvement of Research Environment for Young Researchers from Special Coordination Funds for Promoting Science and Technology(SCF)commissioned by the Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology(MEXT)of JapanOur own simulations were performed in part using the computer resources at the Research Center for Computational Science(RCCS),Okazaki Research Facilities,National Institutes for Natural Sciences,and at the Academic Center for Computing and Media Studies(ACCMS)at Kyoto University.
文摘We present a brief review of the most important efforts aimed at simulating single-walled carbon nanotube(SWNT)nucleation and growth processes using molecular dynamics(MD)techniques reported in the literature.MD simulations allow the spatio-temporal movement of atoms during nonequilibrium growth to be followed.Thus,it is hoped that a successful MD simulation of the entire SWNT formation process will assist in the design of chirality-specic SWNT synthesis techniques.We give special consideration to the role of the metal catalyst particles assumed in standard theories of SWNT formation,and describe the actual metal behavior observed in the reported MD simulations,including our own recent quantum chemical MD simulations.It is concluded that the use of a quantum potential is essential for a qualitatively correct description of the catalytic behavior of the metal cluster,and that carbide formation does not seem to be a necessary requirement for nucleation and growth of SWNTs according to our most recent quantum chemical MD simulations.
基金supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) (Grant No. 23540202)Grant-in-Aids for Scientific Research (B) (Grant No. 20340030)
文摘A natural compactification of the virtual configuration space of N points on the Riemann sphere C is constructed by using cross-ratios. We show that this compactification is homeomorphic to the Bers＇ compactification of the virtual moduli space of a punctured Riemann sphere of type N. In particular, the system of global and explicit coordinates of this standard compactification is given by cross-ratios.
基金supported by the following funding sources:Science Committee of the Republic of Armenia Grant No.18T-1C180Australian Research Council and research grant Nos.DP180102629,DP170102389,DP170102204,DP150103061,FT130100303,and FT130100018+37 种基金Austrian Federal Ministry of Education,Science and Research,and Austrian Science Fund No.P 31361-N36Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada,Compute Canada and CANARIEChinese Academy of Sciences and research grant No.QYZDJ-SSW-SLH011National Natural Science Foundation of China and research grant Nos.11521505,11575017,11675166,11761141009,11705209,and 11975076LiaoNing Revitalization Talents Program under contract No.XLYC1807135Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Committee under contract No.19ZR1403000Shanghai Pujiang Program under Grant No.18PJ1401000the CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics(CCEPP)the Ministry of Education,Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic under Contract No.LTT17020Charles University grants SVV260448 and GAUK 404316European Research Council,7th Framework PIEF-GA-2013-622527Horizon 2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No.700525’NIOBE,’Horizon 2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie RISE project JENNIFER grant agreement No.644294Horizon 2020 ERC-Advanced Grant No.267104NewAve No.638528(European grants)L’Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules(IN2P3)du CNRS(France),BMBF,DFG,HGF,MPG and AvH Foundation(Germany)Department of Atomic Energy and Department of Science and Technology(India)Israel Science Foundation grant No.2476/17United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation grant No.2016113Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare and the research grants BELLE2Japan Society for the Promotion of Science,Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research grant Nos.16H03968,16H03993,16H06492,16K05323,17H01133,17H05405,18K03621,18H03710,18H05226,19H00682,26220706,and 26400255the National Institute of Informatics,and Science Information NETwork 5(SINET5)the Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science,and Technology(MEXT)of JapanNational Research Foundation(NRF)of Korea Grant Nos.2016R1D1A1B01010135,2016R1D1A1B02012900,2018R1A2B3003643,2018R1A6A1A06024970,2018R1D1A1B07047294,2019K1A3A7A09033840,and 2019R1I1A3A01058933Radiation Science Research Institute,Foreign Large-size Research Facility Application Supporting project,the Global Science Experimental Data Hub Center of the Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information and KREONET/GLORIADUniversiti Malaya RU grant,Akademi Sains Malaysia and Ministry of Education MalaysiaFrontiers of Science Program contracts FOINS-296,CB-221329,CB-236394,CB-254409,and CB-180023,and the Thematic Networks program(Mexico)the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education and the National Science Centerthe Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation,Agreement14.W03.31.0026Slovenian Research Agency and research grant Nos.J1-9124 and P1-0135Agencia Estatal de Investigacion,Spain grant Nos.FPA2014-55613-P and FPA2017-84445-P,and CIDEGENT/2018/020 of Generalitat ValencianaMinistry of Science and Technology and research grant Nos.MOST106-2112-M-002-005-MY3 and MOST107-2119-M-002-035-MY3,and the Ministry of Education(Taiwan)Thailand Center of Excellence in PhysicsTUBITAK ULAKBIM(Turkey)Ministry of Education and Science of Ukrainethe US National Science Foundation and research grant Nos.PHY-1807007 and PHY-1913789the US Department of Energy and research grant Nos.DE-AC06-76RLO1830,DE-SC0007983,DE-SC0009824,DE-SC0009973,DE-SC0010073,DE-SC0010118,DE-SC0010504,DESC0011784,DE-SC0012704the National Foundation for Science and Technology Development(NAFOSTED)of Vietnam under grant No 103.99-2018.45
文摘From April to July 2018,a data sample at the peak energy of the T(4 S) resonance was collected with the Belle Ⅱ detector at the SuperKEKB electron-positron collider.This is the first data sample of the Belle Ⅱ experiment.Using Bhabha and digamma events,we measure the integrated luminosity of the data sample to be(496.3±0.3±3.0) pb-1,where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic.This work provides a basis for future luminosity measurements at Belle Ⅱ.
