Extractive industries can provide great opportunities for post-conflict peacebuilding in resource-rich countries by providing revenue to finance reconstruction and set the economy back on track. However, the process o...Extractive industries can provide great opportunities for post-conflict peacebuilding in resource-rich countries by providing revenue to finance reconstruction and set the economy back on track. However, the process of resource extraction often poses challenges for peacebuilding. This article first explains the various challenges that valuable natural resources can pose in post-conflict countries, and establishes a typology of post-conflict contexts where extractive industries, the host country, and the international community can play primary roles as peace promoters. It then elaborates on the specific roles each of these actors can play: i) what approaches are available for responsible companies that aim to be peace sensitive and even promote peace and development locally and nationally;ii) how a country that has some capacity and political will to secure long term peace and development can promote responsible exploitation;and iii) how international actors can promote responsible company and government behaviour in countries with low capacity and willingness use the natural resource base for the best of its whole population.展开更多
This paper present a formal teletraffic model for service diferentiation in optical packet switched networks by utilizing the wavelength domain.Expressions for the time congestion are derived.Simulation results are al...This paper present a formal teletraffic model for service diferentiation in optical packet switched networks by utilizing the wavelength domain.Expressions for the time congestion are derived.Simulation results are also reported.展开更多
文摘Extractive industries can provide great opportunities for post-conflict peacebuilding in resource-rich countries by providing revenue to finance reconstruction and set the economy back on track. However, the process of resource extraction often poses challenges for peacebuilding. This article first explains the various challenges that valuable natural resources can pose in post-conflict countries, and establishes a typology of post-conflict contexts where extractive industries, the host country, and the international community can play primary roles as peace promoters. It then elaborates on the specific roles each of these actors can play: i) what approaches are available for responsible companies that aim to be peace sensitive and even promote peace and development locally and nationally;ii) how a country that has some capacity and political will to secure long term peace and development can promote responsible exploitation;and iii) how international actors can promote responsible company and government behaviour in countries with low capacity and willingness use the natural resource base for the best of its whole population.
文摘This paper present a formal teletraffic model for service diferentiation in optical packet switched networks by utilizing the wavelength domain.Expressions for the time congestion are derived.Simulation results are also reported.
