Financial time series prediction,whether for classification or regression,has been a heated research topic over the last decade.While traditional machine learning algorithms have experienced mediocre results,deep lear...Financial time series prediction,whether for classification or regression,has been a heated research topic over the last decade.While traditional machine learning algorithms have experienced mediocre results,deep learning has largely contributed to the elevation of the prediction performance.Currently,the most up-to-date review of advanced machine learning techniques for financial time series prediction is still lacking,making it challenging for finance domain experts and relevant practitioners to determine which model potentially performs better,what techniques and components are involved,and how themodel can be designed and implemented.This review article provides an overview of techniques,components and frameworks for financial time series prediction,with an emphasis on state-of-the-art deep learning models in the literature from2015 to 2023,including standalonemodels like convolutional neural networks(CNN)that are capable of extracting spatial dependencies within data,and long short-term memory(LSTM)that is designed for handling temporal dependencies;and hybrid models integrating CNN,LSTM,attention mechanism(AM)and other techniques.For illustration and comparison purposes,models proposed in recent studies are mapped to relevant elements of a generalized framework comprised of input,output,feature extraction,prediction,and related processes.Among the state-of-the-artmodels,hybrid models like CNNLSTMand CNN-LSTM-AM in general have been reported superior in performance to stand-alone models like the CNN-only model.Some remaining challenges have been discussed,including non-friendliness for finance domain experts,delayed prediction,domain knowledge negligence,lack of standards,and inability of real-time and highfrequency predictions.The principal contributions of this paper are to provide a one-stop guide for both academia and industry to review,compare and summarize technologies and recent advances in this area,to facilitate smooth and informed implementation,and to highlight future research directions.展开更多
Intraductal papillary neoplasms of the bile duct(IPNBs)represent a rare variant of biliary tumors characterized by a papillary growth within the bile duct lumen.Since their first description in 2001,several classifica...Intraductal papillary neoplasms of the bile duct(IPNBs)represent a rare variant of biliary tumors characterized by a papillary growth within the bile duct lumen.Since their first description in 2001,several classifications have been proposed,mainly based on histopathological,radiological and clinical features,although no specific guidelines addressing their management have been developed.Bile duct neoplasms generally develop through a multistep process,involving different precursor pathways,ranging from the initial lesion,detectable only microscopically,i.e.biliary intraepithelial neoplasia,to the distinctive grades of IPNB until the final stage represented by invasive cholangiocarcinoma.Complex and advanced investigations,mainly relying on magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and cholangioscopy,are required to reach a correct diagnosis and to define an adequate bile duct mapping,which supports proper treatment.The recently introduced subclassifications of types 1 and 2 highlight the histopathological and clinical aspects of IPNB,as well as their natural evolution with a particular focus on prognosis and survival.Aggressive surgical resection,including hepatectomy,pancreaticoduodenectomy or both,represents the treatment of choice,yielding optimal results in terms of survival,although several endoscopic approaches have been described.IPNBs are newly recognized preinvasive neoplasms of the bile duct with high malignant potential.The novel subclassification of types 1 and 2 defines the histological and clinical aspects,prognosis and survival.Diagnosis is mainly based on MRI and cholangioscopy.Surgical resection represents the mainstay of treatment,although endoscopic resection is currently applied to nonsurgically fit patients.New frontiers in genetic research have identified the processes underlying the carcinogenesis of IPNB,to identify targeted therapies.展开更多
In a global dynamic analysis,the coexisting attractors and their basins are the main tools to understand the system behavior and safety.However,both basins and attractors can be drastically influenced by uncertainties...In a global dynamic analysis,the coexisting attractors and their basins are the main tools to understand the system behavior and safety.However,both basins and attractors can be drastically influenced by uncertainties.The aim of this work is to illustrate a methodology for the global dynamic analysis of nondeterministic dynamical systems with competing attractors.Accordingly,analytical and numerical tools for calculation of nondeterministic global structures,namely attractors and basins,are proposed.First,based on the definition of the Perron-Frobenius,Koopman and Foias linear operators,a global dynamic description through phase-space operators is presented for both deterministic and nondeterministic cases.In this context,the stochastic basins of attraction and attractors’distributions replace the usual basin and attractor concepts.Then,numerical implementation of these concepts is accomplished via an adaptative phase-space discretization strategy based on the classical Ulam method.Sample results of the methodology are presented for a canonical dynamical system.展开更多
BACKGROUND Minimally invasive techniques for treatment of urinary stones requires expertise,experience and endoscopic skills.Simulators provide a low-stress and low-risk environment while providing a realistic set-up ...BACKGROUND Minimally invasive techniques for treatment of urinary stones requires expertise,experience and endoscopic skills.Simulators provide a low-stress and low-risk environment while providing a realistic set-up and training opportunities.AIM To report the publication trend of‘simulation in urolithiasis’over the last 26 years.METHODS Research of all published papers on“Simulation in Urolithiasis”was performed through PubMed database over the last 26 years,from January 1997 to December 2022.Papers were labelled and divided in three subgroups:(1)Training papers;(2)Clinical simulation application or surgical procedures;and(3)Diagnostic radiology simulation.Each subgroup was then divided into two 13-year time periods to compare and identify the contrast of different decades:period-1(1997-2009)and period-2(2010-2022).RESULTS A total of 168 articles published on the application of simulation in urolithiasis over the last 26 years(training:n=94,surgical procedures:n=66,and radiology:n=8).The overall number of papers published in simulation in urolithiasis was 35 in Period-1 and 129 in Period-2,an increase of+269%(P=0.0002).Each subgroup shows a growing trend of publications from Period-1 to Period-2:training papers+279%(P=0.001),surgical simulations+264%(P=0.0180)and radiological simulations+200%(P=0.2105).CONCLUSION In the last decades there has been a step up of papers regarding training protocols with the aid of various simulation devices,with simulators now a part of training programs.With the development of 3D-printed and high-fidelity models,simulation for surgical procedure planning and patients counseling is also a growing field and this trend will continue to rise in the next few years.展开更多
The United Nations(UN)’s call for a decade of“ecosystem restoration”was prompted by the need to address the extensive impact of anthropogenic activities on natural ecosystems.Marine ecosystem restoration is increas...The United Nations(UN)’s call for a decade of“ecosystem restoration”was prompted by the need to address the extensive impact of anthropogenic activities on natural ecosystems.Marine ecosystem restoration is increasingly necessary due to increasing habitat degredation in deep waters(>200 m depth).At these depths,which are far beyond those accessible by divers,only established and emerging robotic platforms such as remotely operated vehicles(ROVs),autonomous underwater vehicles(AUVs),landers,and crawlers can operate through manipulators and multiparametric sensor arrays(e.g.,optoacoustic imaging,omics,and environmental probes).The use of advanced technologies for deep-sea ecosystem restoration can provide:①high-resolution three-dimensional(3D)imaging and acoustic mapping of substrates and key taxa,②physical manipulation of substrates and key taxa,③real-time supervision of remote operations and long-term ecological monitoring,and④the potential to work autonomously.Here,we describe how robotic platforms with in situ manipulation capabilities and payloads of innovative sensors could autonomously conduct active restoration and monitoring across large spatial scales.We expect that these devices will be particularly useful in deep-sea habitats,such as①reef-building cold-water corals,②soft-bottom bamboo corals,and③soft-bottom fishery resources that have already been damaged by offshore industries(i.e.,fishing and oil/gas).展开更多
Objective:To scrutinize the definitions of minimal invasive surgical therapy(MIST)and to investigate urologists’knowledge,attitudes,and practices for benign prostatic obstruction surgeries.Methods:A 36-item survey wa...Objective:To scrutinize the definitions of minimal invasive surgical therapy(MIST)and to investigate urologists’knowledge,attitudes,and practices for benign prostatic obstruction surgeries.Methods:A 36-item survey was developed with a Delphi method.Questions on definitions of MIST and attitudes and practices of benign prostatic obstruction surgeries were included.Urologists were invited globally to complete the online survey.Consensus was achieved when more than or equal to 70%responses were“agree or strongly agree”and less than or equal to 15%responses were“disagree or strongly disagree”(consensus agree),or when more than or equal to 70%responses were“disagree or strongly disagree”and less than or equal to 15%responses were“agree or strongly agree”(consensus disagree).Results:The top three qualities for defining MIST were minimal blood loss(n=466,80.3%),fast post-operative recovery(n=431,74.3%),and short hospital stay(n=425,73.3%).The top three surgeries that were regarded as MIST were Urolift®(n=361,62.2%),Rezum®(n=351,60.5%),and endoscopic enucleation of the prostate(EEP)(n=332,57.2%).Consensus in the knowledge section was achieved for the superiority of Urolift®,Rezum®,and iTIND®over transurethral resection of the prostate with regard to blood loss,recovery,day surgery feasibility,and post-operative continence.Consensus in the attitudes section was achieved for the superiority of Urolift®,Rezum®,and iTIND®over transurethral resection of the prostate with regard to blood loss,recovery,and day surgery feasibility.Consensus on both sections was achieved for EEP as the option with the better symptoms and flow improvement,lower retreatment rate,and better suitable for prostate more than 80 mL.Conclusion:Minimal blood loss,fast post-operative recovery,and short hospital stay were the most important qualities for defining MIST.Urolift®,Rezum®,and EEP were regarded as MIST by most urologists.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most frequent primary liver tumor,and overall,it is one of the most frequent cancers.The association of HCC with chronic liver disease,and cirrhosis in particular,is well known,maki...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most frequent primary liver tumor,and overall,it is one of the most frequent cancers.The association of HCC with chronic liver disease,and cirrhosis in particular,is well known,making treatment complex and challenging.The treatment of HCC must take into account the presence and stage of chronic liver disease,with the aim of preserving hepatic function that is often already impaired,the stage of HCC and the clinical condition of the patient.The different treatment options include surgical resection,transplantation,local ablation,chemoembolization,radioembolization and molecular targeted therapies;these treatments can be combined in various ways to achieve different goals.Ideally,liver transplantation is best treatment for early stage HCC on cirrhosis because it removes both the tumor and the chronic disease that produced it;however,the application of this powerful tool is limited by the scarcity of donors.Downstaging and bridging are different strategies for the management of HCC patients who will undergo liver transplantation.Several professionals,including gastroenterologists,radiologists and surgeons,are involved in the choice of the most appropriate treatment for a single case,and a multidisciplinary approach is necessary to optimize the outcome.The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive description of the current treatment options for patients with HCC by analyzing the advantages,disadvantages and rationale for their use.展开更多
Liver transplantation represents a fundamental therapeutic solution to end-stage liver disease. The need for liver allografts has extended the set of criteria for organ acceptability, increasing the risk of adverse ou...Liver transplantation represents a fundamental therapeutic solution to end-stage liver disease. The need for liver allografts has extended the set of criteria for organ acceptability, increasing the risk of adverse outcomes. Little is known about the early postoperative parameters that can be used as valid predictive indices for early graft function, retransplantation or surgical reintervention, secondary complications, long intensive care unit stay or death. In this review, we present state-of-the-art knowledge regarding the early post-transplantation tests and scores that can be applied during the first postoperative week to predict liver allograft function and patient outcome, thereby guiding the therapeutic and surgical decisions of the medical staff. Post-transplant clinical and biochemical assessment of patients through laboratory tests (platelet count, transaminase and bilirubin levels, INR, factor V, lactates, and Insulin Growth Factor 1) and scores (model for end-stage liver disease, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation, sequential organ failure assessment and model of early allograft function) have been reported to have good performance, but they only allow late evaluation of patient status and graft function, requiring days to be quantified. The indocyanine green plasma disappearance rate has long been used as a liver function assessment technique and has produced interesting, although not univocal, results when performed between the 1<sup>th</sup> and the 5<sup>th</sup> day after transplantation. The liver maximal function capacity test is a promising method of metabolic liver activity assessment, but its use is limited by economic cost and extrahepatic factors. To date, a consensual definition of early allograft dysfunction and the integration and validation of the above-mentioned techniques, through the development of numerically consistent multicentric prospective randomised trials, are necessary. The medical and surgical management of transplanted patients could be greatly improved by using clinically reliable tools to predict early graft function.展开更多
Cholangiocarcinoma(CCA)is a malignant tumor of the biliary system and includes,according to the anatomical classification,intra hepatic CCA(iCCA),hilar CCA(hCCA)and distal CCA(dCCA).Hilar CCA is the most challenging t...Cholangiocarcinoma(CCA)is a malignant tumor of the biliary system and includes,according to the anatomical classification,intra hepatic CCA(iCCA),hilar CCA(hCCA)and distal CCA(dCCA).Hilar CCA is the most challenging type in terms of diagnosis,treatment and prognosis.Surgery is the only treatment possibly providing long-term survival,but only few patients are considered resectable at the time of diagnosis.In fact,tumor’s extension to segmentary or subsegmentary biliary ducts,along with large lymph node involvement or intrahepatic metastases,precludes the surgical approach.To achieve R0 margins is mandatory for the disease-free survival and overall survival.In case of unresectable locally advanced hCCA,radiochemotherapy(RCT)as neoadjuvant treatment demonstrated to be a therapeutic option before either hepatic resection or liver transplantation.Before liver surgery,RCT is believed to enhance the R0 margins rate.For patients meeting the Mayo Clinic criteria,RCT prior to orthotopic liver transplant(OLT)has proved to produce acceptable 5-years survivals.In this review,we analyze the current role of neoadjuvant RCT before resection as well as before OLT.展开更多
This paper deals with gold extraction from a refractory concentrate by chlorine leaching.The process considers a pre-treatment of refractory materials by low temperature oxidation carried out with low oxygen concentra...This paper deals with gold extraction from a refractory concentrate by chlorine leaching.The process considers a pre-treatment of refractory materials by low temperature oxidation carried out with low oxygen concentration.The oxidized material is treated by leaching with brine.After gold adsorption/reduction onto activated carbon,iron and base metals can be precipitated by NaOH.Roasting tests show the necessity to carry out a thermal pre-treatment at least at 550°C to obtain a reduction of sulfur and mercury in the material(50%and 90%,respectively).Highest gold extraction yield(around 93%)is obtained in the leaching test performed with material sample treated at 650°C.This result confrms the necessity to optimize the thermal pre-treatment to improve Au recovery and to reduce chlorine consumption.A comparison with conventional cyanidation confrms that chlorination could be an useful alternative:in fact,gold extraction yield is quite low:57%in non-pre-treated material and 25%in pre-treatment material.展开更多
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is the fourth leading cause of death among cancers,it is characterized by poor prognosis and strong chemoresistance.In the PDAC microenvironment,stromal cells release d...BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is the fourth leading cause of death among cancers,it is characterized by poor prognosis and strong chemoresistance.In the PDAC microenvironment,stromal cells release different extracellular components,including CXCL12.The CXCL12 is a chemokine promoting the communication between tumour and stromal cells.Six different splicing isoforms of CXCL12 are known(α,β,γ,δ,ε,θ)but their role in PDAC has not yet been characterized.AIM To investigate the specific role ofα,β,andγCXCL12 isoforms in PDAC onset.METHODS We used hTERT-HPNE E6/E7/KRasG12D(Human Pancreatic Nestin-Expressing)cell line as a pancreatic pre-tumour model and exposed it to theα,β,andγCXCL12 isoforms.The altered expression profiles were assessed by microarray analyses and confirmed by Real-Time polymerase chain reaction.The functional enrichment analyses have been performed by Enrichr tool to highlight Gene Ontology enriched terms.In addition,wound healing assays have been carried out to assess the phenotypic changes,in terms of migration ability,induced by theα,β,andγCXCL12 isoforms.RESULTS Microarray analysis of hTERT-HPNE cells treated with the three different CXCL12 isoforms highlighted that the expression of only a few genes was altered.Moreover,theαandβisoforms showed an alteration in expression of different genes,whereasγisoform affected the expression of genes also common withαandβisoforms.Theβisoform altered the expression of genes mainly involved in cell cycle regulation.In addition,all isoforms affected the expression of genes assay confirmed that CXCL12 enhanced the migration ability of hTERT-HPNE cells.Among the CXCL12 splicing isoforms,theγisoform showed higher induction of migration thanαandβisoforms.CONCLUSION Our data suggests an involvement and different roles of CXCL12 isoforms in PDAC onset.However,more investigations are needed to confirm these preliminary observations.展开更多
Mountain farming provides high-quality food products due to the peculiar characteristics of the raw materials combined with traditional processing conditions. However, these products and their intrinsic characteristic...Mountain farming provides high-quality food products due to the peculiar characteristics of the raw materials combined with traditional processing conditions. However, these products and their intrinsic characteristics are not clearly recognized by consumers on the market. Nowadays, Protected Designation of Origin(PDO), Protected Geographical Indication(PGI) and Traditional Specialities Guaranteed(TSG) certifications include products originating in mountain areas, even if a large part of mountain foodstuff is not protected by these certifications and foods not made in mountain areas are often labeled as ―mountain food products‖. For this reason, the European Union has set a specific Regulation in 2012 to recognize and protect mountain food and to make the consumers safer about the origin information. The objective of this paper is twofold: firstly, it presents the recent aspects related to European legislation of mountain food product; secondly, it aims at reviewing the main features of nutritional quality and technology of dairy and meat products, as the most widespread mountain food products, and the main protocols used to evaluate the authenticity of these food products. The promotion of mountain food product through a specific label and the use of tracing methods, which are able to verify the authenticity of the origin of these products, may play a pivotal role in increasing the consumer‘s loyalty towards these products and could be a way to boost a sustainable development of these economically marginal rural areas. However, the analytical protocols developed so far(stable isotopes, macro and microelements, radionuclides, spectroscopic, molecular techniques, volatile substances profile, terpenes) are in many cases still at the experimental level due to the extreme variability of the mountain origin of the products to be tested.展开更多
Over the past decade,the Mg/Ca ratio in foraminiferal tests has emerged as a valuable paleotemperature proxy.In this study we describe the application of the Mg/Ca paleothermometer with the aim of illustrate its use i...Over the past decade,the Mg/Ca ratio in foraminiferal tests has emerged as a valuable paleotemperature proxy.In this study we describe the application of the Mg/Ca paleothermometer with the aim of illustrate its use in the Mediterranean Basin.We value the influence of the salinity and diagenetic carbonate processes besides temperature as an important environmental factor controlling the foraminiferal Mg/Ca.For this purpose 3 species of展开更多
BACKGROUND Acute colonic diverticulitis(ACD)is common in Western countries,with its prevalence increasing throughout the world.As a result of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),elective surgery and in-patients’vi...BACKGROUND Acute colonic diverticulitis(ACD)is common in Western countries,with its prevalence increasing throughout the world.As a result of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),elective surgery and in-patients’visits have been cancelled or postponed worldwide.AIM To systematically explore the impact of the pandemic in the management of ACD.METHODS MEDLINE,Embase,Scopus,MedxRiv,and the Cochrane Library databases were searched to 22 December 2020.Studies which reported on the management of patients with ACD during the COVID-19 pandemic were eligible.For cross sectional studies,outcomes of interest included the number of hospital admission for ACD,as well as key features of disease severity(complicated or not)across two time periods(pre-and during lockdown).RESULTS A total of 69 papers were inspected,and 21 were eligible for inclusion.Ten papers were cross sectional studies from seven world countries;six were case reports;three were qualitative studies,and two review articles.A 56%overall decrease in admissions for ACD was observed during lockdown,peaking 67%in the largest series.A 4%-8%decrease in the rate of uncomplicated diverticulitis was also noted during the lockdown phase.An initial non-operative management was recommended for complicated diverticulitis,and encouraged to an out-of-hospital regimen.Despite initial concerns on the use of laparoscopy for Hinchey 3 and 4 patients to avoid aerosolized contamination,societal bodies have progressively mitigated their initial recommendations as actual risks are yet to be ascertained.CONCLUSION During the COVID-19 pandemic,fewer patients presented and were diagnosed with ACD.Such decline may have likely affected the spectrum of uncomplicated disease.Established outpatient management and follow up for selected cases may unburden healthcare resources in time of crisis.展开更多
Apple scab caused by </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Venturia inaequalis</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (Cke.) Wint. is the most impo...Apple scab caused by </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Venturia inaequalis</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (Cke.) Wint. is the most important disease of apple trees worldwide and requires a high number of fungicide applications. The G143A substitution in the inhibitor binding site of cytochrome </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">b</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">V. inaequalis</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> confers a high level of resistance to strobilurins targeting the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">bc</span></i><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> complex. The aim of this work was to substitute the labor intensive </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> assays, with the faster quantitative PCR. An allele-specific qPCR method with a newly designed primer set was successfully developed to quantitatively determine the frequency of QoI-resistant A143 allele in populations of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">V. inaequalis. </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">To be able to suggest that the molecular method could be applied as unique and robust technique, we carried out </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> sensitivity test to trifloxystrobin;first testing the relative germination and subsequently confirmed with the quantification of mutated allele frequencies by qPCR on forty-nine Italian </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">V. inaequalis</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> populations. qPCR gave a similar pattern to that obtained using </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> conidial germination test in predominantly sensitive and resistant populations, the variability between these two tests was observed in some heterogeneous populations. The qPCR assay developed in this study efficiently quantifies the A143 allele and we can conclude that this method could be useful for the study of the fungicide resistance at population level in the fields, giving a quick response also with a large amount of samples.展开更多
Praxis and doctrine agree on the importance of innovation for the competitiveness and profitability of the firm. Innovation is considered as a leverage to start a virtuous circle that improves company performance and,...Praxis and doctrine agree on the importance of innovation for the competitiveness and profitability of the firm. Innovation is considered as a leverage to start a virtuous circle that improves company performance and, consequently, reduce financial constraints for its development. Being creative is definitely the first mechanism that leads to innovation. Creativity spreads from both the individuals that work in the firm and from the social processes and contextual factors that characterize individual relationships within the company. Relational capital is the second mechanism that brings innovation. Relationships with clients, suppliers, competitors, producers of complementary products, public and private research institutions provide creative elements that, once screened, give rise to innovation. The first mechanism requires the firm to be creative on its own as innovations come directly from within the organization （＂closed innovation＂ model）. In the second, the firm must get in touch with potentially innovative idea~ coming from outside （＂open innovation＂ model）. Doctrine and praxis point out that firms, which do not stop at the first mechanism of innovation, turn out to be more innovative. The paper is structured as follows. In the first part, a theoretical framework is provided, describing the main findings, in the literature, in terms of relationships among innovation, creativity and relational capital. The second part is based on the analysis of two case studies. The first case （Coswell）, the very different degree of success （in terms of generated income） of its products seems to be tightly related on how much ＂relational capital＂ is ＂inside＂ the innovation. In the second case （Pastificio Rana） shows that innovation resulting from relational capital allows the company to excel against its far bigger and financially superior competitors.展开更多
A study was made of grasslands in olive groves with a high frequency of Hordeum leporinum Link, Chrysanthemum coronarium L., Malva neglecta Wallr., Aegilops geniculata Roth and Dasypyrum villosum (L.) Borbas, initiall...A study was made of grasslands in olive groves with a high frequency of Hordeum leporinum Link, Chrysanthemum coronarium L., Malva neglecta Wallr., Aegilops geniculata Roth and Dasypyrum villosum (L.) Borbas, initially included in the alliance Hordeion leporini Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl., Gajewski, Wraber & Walas 1936 corr. O. Bolós 1962, and sub-alliance Malvenion neglectae Gutte 1966. The study was carried out in the western Mediterranean (Spain, Italy, Portugal and northern Morocco). The soil and phytosociological treatment of the samples contributes information for new plant communities. In the study of plant communities, the indices of degree of presence are adapted to those of Van der Maarel. The new alliance Securigero securidacae-Dasypyrion villosi is proposed for the sub-Mediterranean and Euro-Siberian territories, with the new communities Securigero securidacae-Dasypyretum villosi and Convolvulo elegantissimi-Aegilopetum geniculatae. This last community, due to its richness in Aegilops geniculata Roth, could be included in the alliance Taeniathero-Aegilopion geniculatae Rivas-Martínez & Izco 1977;however, the soil and statistical analyses reveal that it should remain part of the alliance Securigero securidacae-Dasypyrion villosi. The soil and floristic study of Hordeion leporini and Malvenion neglectae allows us to describe the new sub-alliance Resedo albae-Chrysanthemenion coronarii, subordinated to Malvion neglectae (Gutte 1966) status novo.展开更多
The purpose of the study is to explore the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging in bone tuberculosis and bone tumors.Firstly,148 patients with bone tumor and bone tuberculosis were selected,74 cases in each ...The purpose of the study is to explore the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging in bone tuberculosis and bone tumors.Firstly,148 patients with bone tumor and bone tuberculosis were selected,74 cases in each group.Perform magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)examinations on all patients,relevant parameters were set and the changes in the value of the dispersion system were recorded to obtain T1-weighted imaging and T2-weighted imaging.The results showed that among 74 patients,41 cases were bone damage,38 cases were joint swelling,27 cases were sparse bone,10 cases were bone hyperplasia and 5 cases were dead bone and calcification.The imaging manifestations of bone tumors were 45 cases of fractures,26 cases of surrounding soft tissue infiltration,10 cases of hip duct enlargement and 11 cases of sacral foramen enlargement.After MRI diagnosis,the accuracy of diagnosing 74 cases of bone tumor was 100%,and the accuracy of diagnosing 65 cases of bone tuberculosis was 87.84%.The difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).The diffusion sensitivity coefficient of MRI weighted imaging was 150 s/mm2,and there was no significant difference in ADC values between the two groups(P>0.05).When the diffusion sensitivity coefficient is 300 s/mm2,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).Therefore,MRI had a certain diagnostic value for bone tuberculosis and bone tumors,and MRI had a higher diagnostic value and richer information for bone tumors.Corresponding treatment can be performed to improve the prognosis.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the direct and indirect biocompatibility of Filtek Silorane on human gingival fibroblastic cells.METHODS:Sixty-three standardized cylindrical specimens(8 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness)of restorative m...AIM:To evaluate the direct and indirect biocompatibility of Filtek Silorane on human gingival fibroblastic cells.METHODS:Sixty-three standardized cylindrical specimens(8 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness)of restorative material were prepared using a light emitting diode-curing unit.The sample were built up in one increment and divided in 2 groups.In the first group,21samples(unpolished samples)were left without a specific polishing procedure;in the second one,42 samples(polished samples)were polished with 4 different grains of discs.Fibroblast cultures,obtained from gingiva of 2 subjects without systemic and oral disease,were used to assess the direct and indirect biocompatibility.Cells cultured for 48 h in normal culture medium were used as a control.RESULTS:The scanning electron microscope observations of fibroblasts cultured on the silorane samples,either polished or unpolished,confirmed the good biocompatibility of the material,favouring the cellular spreading.3-dimethylthiazol-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide tests showed a significant reduction(P<0.01)of gingival fibroblasts viability cultured both in polished samples(90.05%±19.00%)and unpolished samples(78.15%±11.00%)compared with the control.Cells growth in medium conditioned with the samples for 1 wk showed a significant viability reduction(P<0.01)compared to the control.A reduction of cell viability was observed even in the groups containing the material for 3 wk(polished:89.45%±10.00%;unpolished:65.97%±10.00%),even if the cytotoxicity was reduced after this long time exposure.CONCLUSION:Although the poor chromatic availability of this material remains a big limit that restricts its use to posterior sectors,the silorane-based material can be considered an option to perform restorations when aesthetic demands are not the priority,such as the展开更多
Nonlinear and stochastic dynamics is essential and practical in almost all branches of natural science and engineering.It has been a central subject to understand various complex dynamics,such as random vibration,stoc...Nonlinear and stochastic dynamics is essential and practical in almost all branches of natural science and engineering.It has been a central subject to understand various complex dynamics,such as random vibration,stochastic transition,synchronization,et al.,in the areas of mechanical and aerospace engineering,physics and chemistry.For example,the stochastic resonance has been utilized effectively in mechanical fault diagnosis and weak signal detection.Naturally,many methods have been developed to get the stochastic responses,including stochastic averaging method.展开更多
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,China (Grant No.2022J05291)Xiamen Scientific Research Funding for Overseas Chinese Scholars.
文摘Financial time series prediction,whether for classification or regression,has been a heated research topic over the last decade.While traditional machine learning algorithms have experienced mediocre results,deep learning has largely contributed to the elevation of the prediction performance.Currently,the most up-to-date review of advanced machine learning techniques for financial time series prediction is still lacking,making it challenging for finance domain experts and relevant practitioners to determine which model potentially performs better,what techniques and components are involved,and how themodel can be designed and implemented.This review article provides an overview of techniques,components and frameworks for financial time series prediction,with an emphasis on state-of-the-art deep learning models in the literature from2015 to 2023,including standalonemodels like convolutional neural networks(CNN)that are capable of extracting spatial dependencies within data,and long short-term memory(LSTM)that is designed for handling temporal dependencies;and hybrid models integrating CNN,LSTM,attention mechanism(AM)and other techniques.For illustration and comparison purposes,models proposed in recent studies are mapped to relevant elements of a generalized framework comprised of input,output,feature extraction,prediction,and related processes.Among the state-of-the-artmodels,hybrid models like CNNLSTMand CNN-LSTM-AM in general have been reported superior in performance to stand-alone models like the CNN-only model.Some remaining challenges have been discussed,including non-friendliness for finance domain experts,delayed prediction,domain knowledge negligence,lack of standards,and inability of real-time and highfrequency predictions.The principal contributions of this paper are to provide a one-stop guide for both academia and industry to review,compare and summarize technologies and recent advances in this area,to facilitate smooth and informed implementation,and to highlight future research directions.
文摘Intraductal papillary neoplasms of the bile duct(IPNBs)represent a rare variant of biliary tumors characterized by a papillary growth within the bile duct lumen.Since their first description in 2001,several classifications have been proposed,mainly based on histopathological,radiological and clinical features,although no specific guidelines addressing their management have been developed.Bile duct neoplasms generally develop through a multistep process,involving different precursor pathways,ranging from the initial lesion,detectable only microscopically,i.e.biliary intraepithelial neoplasia,to the distinctive grades of IPNB until the final stage represented by invasive cholangiocarcinoma.Complex and advanced investigations,mainly relying on magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and cholangioscopy,are required to reach a correct diagnosis and to define an adequate bile duct mapping,which supports proper treatment.The recently introduced subclassifications of types 1 and 2 highlight the histopathological and clinical aspects of IPNB,as well as their natural evolution with a particular focus on prognosis and survival.Aggressive surgical resection,including hepatectomy,pancreaticoduodenectomy or both,represents the treatment of choice,yielding optimal results in terms of survival,although several endoscopic approaches have been described.IPNBs are newly recognized preinvasive neoplasms of the bile duct with high malignant potential.The novel subclassification of types 1 and 2 defines the histological and clinical aspects,prognosis and survival.Diagnosis is mainly based on MRI and cholangioscopy.Surgical resection represents the mainstay of treatment,although endoscopic resection is currently applied to nonsurgically fit patients.New frontiers in genetic research have identified the processes underlying the carcinogenesis of IPNB,to identify targeted therapies.
基金support of the Brazil-ian research agencies,the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)(Nos. 301355/2018-5 and 200198/2022-0)FAPERJ-CNE (No. E-26/202.711/2018)+1 种基金FAPERJ Nota 10 (No. E-26/200.357/2020)CAPES (Finance code 001 and 88881.310620/2018-01)。
文摘In a global dynamic analysis,the coexisting attractors and their basins are the main tools to understand the system behavior and safety.However,both basins and attractors can be drastically influenced by uncertainties.The aim of this work is to illustrate a methodology for the global dynamic analysis of nondeterministic dynamical systems with competing attractors.Accordingly,analytical and numerical tools for calculation of nondeterministic global structures,namely attractors and basins,are proposed.First,based on the definition of the Perron-Frobenius,Koopman and Foias linear operators,a global dynamic description through phase-space operators is presented for both deterministic and nondeterministic cases.In this context,the stochastic basins of attraction and attractors’distributions replace the usual basin and attractor concepts.Then,numerical implementation of these concepts is accomplished via an adaptative phase-space discretization strategy based on the classical Ulam method.Sample results of the methodology are presented for a canonical dynamical system.
文摘BACKGROUND Minimally invasive techniques for treatment of urinary stones requires expertise,experience and endoscopic skills.Simulators provide a low-stress and low-risk environment while providing a realistic set-up and training opportunities.AIM To report the publication trend of‘simulation in urolithiasis’over the last 26 years.METHODS Research of all published papers on“Simulation in Urolithiasis”was performed through PubMed database over the last 26 years,from January 1997 to December 2022.Papers were labelled and divided in three subgroups:(1)Training papers;(2)Clinical simulation application or surgical procedures;and(3)Diagnostic radiology simulation.Each subgroup was then divided into two 13-year time periods to compare and identify the contrast of different decades:period-1(1997-2009)and period-2(2010-2022).RESULTS A total of 168 articles published on the application of simulation in urolithiasis over the last 26 years(training:n=94,surgical procedures:n=66,and radiology:n=8).The overall number of papers published in simulation in urolithiasis was 35 in Period-1 and 129 in Period-2,an increase of+269%(P=0.0002).Each subgroup shows a growing trend of publications from Period-1 to Period-2:training papers+279%(P=0.001),surgical simulations+264%(P=0.0180)and radiological simulations+200%(P=0.2105).CONCLUSION In the last decades there has been a step up of papers regarding training protocols with the aid of various simulation devices,with simulators now a part of training programs.With the development of 3D-printed and high-fidelity models,simulation for surgical procedure planning and patients counseling is also a growing field and this trend will continue to rise in the next few years.
基金conceived within the preparation of the Project Restoration of Deep-sea habitats to Rebuild European Seas (REDRESS):HORIZON CL6-2023-BIODIV-Restoration of deepsea habitats carried out within the framework of the activities of the Spanish Government through the"Severo Ochoa Centre Excellence"granted to ICM-CSIC (CEX2019-000928-S)and the Research Unit Tecnoterra (ICM-CSIC/UPC)supported the work were those of the Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020 of the Spanish government:BITER-LANDER (PID2020-114732RB-C32),BITER-ECO (PID2020-114732RB-C31),BITER-AUV (PID2020-114732RB-C33),PLOME (PLEC2021-007525/AEI/10.13039/501100011033)+3 种基金the conceptual development,falls within the framework of EU LIFE Project ECOREST (LIFE20 NAT/ES/001270)funded by a Juan de la Cierva Formación Post-doctoral Fellowship (FJC2021-047734-Ifinanced by Ministerio de Cuyltura e Innovación/Agencia Española de Investigación and European Union NextGeneration EU/PRTR funds)funded by the Spanish Government (Agencia Española de Investigación-AEI)through the‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S).
文摘The United Nations(UN)’s call for a decade of“ecosystem restoration”was prompted by the need to address the extensive impact of anthropogenic activities on natural ecosystems.Marine ecosystem restoration is increasingly necessary due to increasing habitat degredation in deep waters(>200 m depth).At these depths,which are far beyond those accessible by divers,only established and emerging robotic platforms such as remotely operated vehicles(ROVs),autonomous underwater vehicles(AUVs),landers,and crawlers can operate through manipulators and multiparametric sensor arrays(e.g.,optoacoustic imaging,omics,and environmental probes).The use of advanced technologies for deep-sea ecosystem restoration can provide:①high-resolution three-dimensional(3D)imaging and acoustic mapping of substrates and key taxa,②physical manipulation of substrates and key taxa,③real-time supervision of remote operations and long-term ecological monitoring,and④the potential to work autonomously.Here,we describe how robotic platforms with in situ manipulation capabilities and payloads of innovative sensors could autonomously conduct active restoration and monitoring across large spatial scales.We expect that these devices will be particularly useful in deep-sea habitats,such as①reef-building cold-water corals,②soft-bottom bamboo corals,and③soft-bottom fishery resources that have already been damaged by offshore industries(i.e.,fishing and oil/gas).
文摘Objective:To scrutinize the definitions of minimal invasive surgical therapy(MIST)and to investigate urologists’knowledge,attitudes,and practices for benign prostatic obstruction surgeries.Methods:A 36-item survey was developed with a Delphi method.Questions on definitions of MIST and attitudes and practices of benign prostatic obstruction surgeries were included.Urologists were invited globally to complete the online survey.Consensus was achieved when more than or equal to 70%responses were“agree or strongly agree”and less than or equal to 15%responses were“disagree or strongly disagree”(consensus agree),or when more than or equal to 70%responses were“disagree or strongly disagree”and less than or equal to 15%responses were“agree or strongly agree”(consensus disagree).Results:The top three qualities for defining MIST were minimal blood loss(n=466,80.3%),fast post-operative recovery(n=431,74.3%),and short hospital stay(n=425,73.3%).The top three surgeries that were regarded as MIST were Urolift®(n=361,62.2%),Rezum®(n=351,60.5%),and endoscopic enucleation of the prostate(EEP)(n=332,57.2%).Consensus in the knowledge section was achieved for the superiority of Urolift®,Rezum®,and iTIND®over transurethral resection of the prostate with regard to blood loss,recovery,day surgery feasibility,and post-operative continence.Consensus in the attitudes section was achieved for the superiority of Urolift®,Rezum®,and iTIND®over transurethral resection of the prostate with regard to blood loss,recovery,and day surgery feasibility.Consensus on both sections was achieved for EEP as the option with the better symptoms and flow improvement,lower retreatment rate,and better suitable for prostate more than 80 mL.Conclusion:Minimal blood loss,fast post-operative recovery,and short hospital stay were the most important qualities for defining MIST.Urolift®,Rezum®,and EEP were regarded as MIST by most urologists.
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most frequent primary liver tumor,and overall,it is one of the most frequent cancers.The association of HCC with chronic liver disease,and cirrhosis in particular,is well known,making treatment complex and challenging.The treatment of HCC must take into account the presence and stage of chronic liver disease,with the aim of preserving hepatic function that is often already impaired,the stage of HCC and the clinical condition of the patient.The different treatment options include surgical resection,transplantation,local ablation,chemoembolization,radioembolization and molecular targeted therapies;these treatments can be combined in various ways to achieve different goals.Ideally,liver transplantation is best treatment for early stage HCC on cirrhosis because it removes both the tumor and the chronic disease that produced it;however,the application of this powerful tool is limited by the scarcity of donors.Downstaging and bridging are different strategies for the management of HCC patients who will undergo liver transplantation.Several professionals,including gastroenterologists,radiologists and surgeons,are involved in the choice of the most appropriate treatment for a single case,and a multidisciplinary approach is necessary to optimize the outcome.The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive description of the current treatment options for patients with HCC by analyzing the advantages,disadvantages and rationale for their use.
文摘Liver transplantation represents a fundamental therapeutic solution to end-stage liver disease. The need for liver allografts has extended the set of criteria for organ acceptability, increasing the risk of adverse outcomes. Little is known about the early postoperative parameters that can be used as valid predictive indices for early graft function, retransplantation or surgical reintervention, secondary complications, long intensive care unit stay or death. In this review, we present state-of-the-art knowledge regarding the early post-transplantation tests and scores that can be applied during the first postoperative week to predict liver allograft function and patient outcome, thereby guiding the therapeutic and surgical decisions of the medical staff. Post-transplant clinical and biochemical assessment of patients through laboratory tests (platelet count, transaminase and bilirubin levels, INR, factor V, lactates, and Insulin Growth Factor 1) and scores (model for end-stage liver disease, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation, sequential organ failure assessment and model of early allograft function) have been reported to have good performance, but they only allow late evaluation of patient status and graft function, requiring days to be quantified. The indocyanine green plasma disappearance rate has long been used as a liver function assessment technique and has produced interesting, although not univocal, results when performed between the 1<sup>th</sup> and the 5<sup>th</sup> day after transplantation. The liver maximal function capacity test is a promising method of metabolic liver activity assessment, but its use is limited by economic cost and extrahepatic factors. To date, a consensual definition of early allograft dysfunction and the integration and validation of the above-mentioned techniques, through the development of numerically consistent multicentric prospective randomised trials, are necessary. The medical and surgical management of transplanted patients could be greatly improved by using clinically reliable tools to predict early graft function.
文摘Cholangiocarcinoma(CCA)is a malignant tumor of the biliary system and includes,according to the anatomical classification,intra hepatic CCA(iCCA),hilar CCA(hCCA)and distal CCA(dCCA).Hilar CCA is the most challenging type in terms of diagnosis,treatment and prognosis.Surgery is the only treatment possibly providing long-term survival,but only few patients are considered resectable at the time of diagnosis.In fact,tumor’s extension to segmentary or subsegmentary biliary ducts,along with large lymph node involvement or intrahepatic metastases,precludes the surgical approach.To achieve R0 margins is mandatory for the disease-free survival and overall survival.In case of unresectable locally advanced hCCA,radiochemotherapy(RCT)as neoadjuvant treatment demonstrated to be a therapeutic option before either hepatic resection or liver transplantation.Before liver surgery,RCT is believed to enhance the R0 margins rate.For patients meeting the Mayo Clinic criteria,RCT prior to orthotopic liver transplant(OLT)has proved to produce acceptable 5-years survivals.In this review,we analyze the current role of neoadjuvant RCT before resection as well as before OLT.
文摘This paper deals with gold extraction from a refractory concentrate by chlorine leaching.The process considers a pre-treatment of refractory materials by low temperature oxidation carried out with low oxygen concentration.The oxidized material is treated by leaching with brine.After gold adsorption/reduction onto activated carbon,iron and base metals can be precipitated by NaOH.Roasting tests show the necessity to carry out a thermal pre-treatment at least at 550°C to obtain a reduction of sulfur and mercury in the material(50%and 90%,respectively).Highest gold extraction yield(around 93%)is obtained in the leaching test performed with material sample treated at 650°C.This result confrms the necessity to optimize the thermal pre-treatment to improve Au recovery and to reduce chlorine consumption.A comparison with conventional cyanidation confrms that chlorination could be an useful alternative:in fact,gold extraction yield is quite low:57%in non-pre-treated material and 25%in pre-treatment material.
文摘BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is the fourth leading cause of death among cancers,it is characterized by poor prognosis and strong chemoresistance.In the PDAC microenvironment,stromal cells release different extracellular components,including CXCL12.The CXCL12 is a chemokine promoting the communication between tumour and stromal cells.Six different splicing isoforms of CXCL12 are known(α,β,γ,δ,ε,θ)but their role in PDAC has not yet been characterized.AIM To investigate the specific role ofα,β,andγCXCL12 isoforms in PDAC onset.METHODS We used hTERT-HPNE E6/E7/KRasG12D(Human Pancreatic Nestin-Expressing)cell line as a pancreatic pre-tumour model and exposed it to theα,β,andγCXCL12 isoforms.The altered expression profiles were assessed by microarray analyses and confirmed by Real-Time polymerase chain reaction.The functional enrichment analyses have been performed by Enrichr tool to highlight Gene Ontology enriched terms.In addition,wound healing assays have been carried out to assess the phenotypic changes,in terms of migration ability,induced by theα,β,andγCXCL12 isoforms.RESULTS Microarray analysis of hTERT-HPNE cells treated with the three different CXCL12 isoforms highlighted that the expression of only a few genes was altered.Moreover,theαandβisoforms showed an alteration in expression of different genes,whereasγisoform affected the expression of genes also common withαandβisoforms.Theβisoform altered the expression of genes mainly involved in cell cycle regulation.In addition,all isoforms affected the expression of genes assay confirmed that CXCL12 enhanced the migration ability of hTERT-HPNE cells.Among the CXCL12 splicing isoforms,theγisoform showed higher induction of migration thanαandβisoforms.CONCLUSION Our data suggests an involvement and different roles of CXCL12 isoforms in PDAC onset.However,more investigations are needed to confirm these preliminary observations.
基金supported with funding from the Department of AgriculturalFood and Environmental Sciences(D3A)–Polytechnic University of Marche+1 种基金the Faculty of Science and Technology,Free University of Bolzanothe Chemical Safety Department,the Experimental Station for the Food Preserving Industry(SSICA)
文摘Mountain farming provides high-quality food products due to the peculiar characteristics of the raw materials combined with traditional processing conditions. However, these products and their intrinsic characteristics are not clearly recognized by consumers on the market. Nowadays, Protected Designation of Origin(PDO), Protected Geographical Indication(PGI) and Traditional Specialities Guaranteed(TSG) certifications include products originating in mountain areas, even if a large part of mountain foodstuff is not protected by these certifications and foods not made in mountain areas are often labeled as ―mountain food products‖. For this reason, the European Union has set a specific Regulation in 2012 to recognize and protect mountain food and to make the consumers safer about the origin information. The objective of this paper is twofold: firstly, it presents the recent aspects related to European legislation of mountain food product; secondly, it aims at reviewing the main features of nutritional quality and technology of dairy and meat products, as the most widespread mountain food products, and the main protocols used to evaluate the authenticity of these food products. The promotion of mountain food product through a specific label and the use of tracing methods, which are able to verify the authenticity of the origin of these products, may play a pivotal role in increasing the consumer‘s loyalty towards these products and could be a way to boost a sustainable development of these economically marginal rural areas. However, the analytical protocols developed so far(stable isotopes, macro and microelements, radionuclides, spectroscopic, molecular techniques, volatile substances profile, terpenes) are in many cases still at the experimental level due to the extreme variability of the mountain origin of the products to be tested.
文摘Over the past decade,the Mg/Ca ratio in foraminiferal tests has emerged as a valuable paleotemperature proxy.In this study we describe the application of the Mg/Ca paleothermometer with the aim of illustrate its use in the Mediterranean Basin.We value the influence of the salinity and diagenetic carbonate processes besides temperature as an important environmental factor controlling the foraminiferal Mg/Ca.For this purpose 3 species of
文摘BACKGROUND Acute colonic diverticulitis(ACD)is common in Western countries,with its prevalence increasing throughout the world.As a result of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),elective surgery and in-patients’visits have been cancelled or postponed worldwide.AIM To systematically explore the impact of the pandemic in the management of ACD.METHODS MEDLINE,Embase,Scopus,MedxRiv,and the Cochrane Library databases were searched to 22 December 2020.Studies which reported on the management of patients with ACD during the COVID-19 pandemic were eligible.For cross sectional studies,outcomes of interest included the number of hospital admission for ACD,as well as key features of disease severity(complicated or not)across two time periods(pre-and during lockdown).RESULTS A total of 69 papers were inspected,and 21 were eligible for inclusion.Ten papers were cross sectional studies from seven world countries;six were case reports;three were qualitative studies,and two review articles.A 56%overall decrease in admissions for ACD was observed during lockdown,peaking 67%in the largest series.A 4%-8%decrease in the rate of uncomplicated diverticulitis was also noted during the lockdown phase.An initial non-operative management was recommended for complicated diverticulitis,and encouraged to an out-of-hospital regimen.Despite initial concerns on the use of laparoscopy for Hinchey 3 and 4 patients to avoid aerosolized contamination,societal bodies have progressively mitigated their initial recommendations as actual risks are yet to be ascertained.CONCLUSION During the COVID-19 pandemic,fewer patients presented and were diagnosed with ACD.Such decline may have likely affected the spectrum of uncomplicated disease.Established outpatient management and follow up for selected cases may unburden healthcare resources in time of crisis.
文摘Apple scab caused by </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Venturia inaequalis</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (Cke.) Wint. is the most important disease of apple trees worldwide and requires a high number of fungicide applications. The G143A substitution in the inhibitor binding site of cytochrome </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">b</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">V. inaequalis</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> confers a high level of resistance to strobilurins targeting the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">bc</span></i><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> complex. The aim of this work was to substitute the labor intensive </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> assays, with the faster quantitative PCR. An allele-specific qPCR method with a newly designed primer set was successfully developed to quantitatively determine the frequency of QoI-resistant A143 allele in populations of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">V. inaequalis. </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">To be able to suggest that the molecular method could be applied as unique and robust technique, we carried out </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> sensitivity test to trifloxystrobin;first testing the relative germination and subsequently confirmed with the quantification of mutated allele frequencies by qPCR on forty-nine Italian </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">V. inaequalis</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> populations. qPCR gave a similar pattern to that obtained using </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> conidial germination test in predominantly sensitive and resistant populations, the variability between these two tests was observed in some heterogeneous populations. The qPCR assay developed in this study efficiently quantifies the A143 allele and we can conclude that this method could be useful for the study of the fungicide resistance at population level in the fields, giving a quick response also with a large amount of samples.
文摘Praxis and doctrine agree on the importance of innovation for the competitiveness and profitability of the firm. Innovation is considered as a leverage to start a virtuous circle that improves company performance and, consequently, reduce financial constraints for its development. Being creative is definitely the first mechanism that leads to innovation. Creativity spreads from both the individuals that work in the firm and from the social processes and contextual factors that characterize individual relationships within the company. Relational capital is the second mechanism that brings innovation. Relationships with clients, suppliers, competitors, producers of complementary products, public and private research institutions provide creative elements that, once screened, give rise to innovation. The first mechanism requires the firm to be creative on its own as innovations come directly from within the organization （＂closed innovation＂ model）. In the second, the firm must get in touch with potentially innovative idea~ coming from outside （＂open innovation＂ model）. Doctrine and praxis point out that firms, which do not stop at the first mechanism of innovation, turn out to be more innovative. The paper is structured as follows. In the first part, a theoretical framework is provided, describing the main findings, in the literature, in terms of relationships among innovation, creativity and relational capital. The second part is based on the analysis of two case studies. The first case （Coswell）, the very different degree of success （in terms of generated income） of its products seems to be tightly related on how much ＂relational capital＂ is ＂inside＂ the innovation. In the second case （Pastificio Rana） shows that innovation resulting from relational capital allows the company to excel against its far bigger and financially superior competitors.
文摘A study was made of grasslands in olive groves with a high frequency of Hordeum leporinum Link, Chrysanthemum coronarium L., Malva neglecta Wallr., Aegilops geniculata Roth and Dasypyrum villosum (L.) Borbas, initially included in the alliance Hordeion leporini Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl., Gajewski, Wraber & Walas 1936 corr. O. Bolós 1962, and sub-alliance Malvenion neglectae Gutte 1966. The study was carried out in the western Mediterranean (Spain, Italy, Portugal and northern Morocco). The soil and phytosociological treatment of the samples contributes information for new plant communities. In the study of plant communities, the indices of degree of presence are adapted to those of Van der Maarel. The new alliance Securigero securidacae-Dasypyrion villosi is proposed for the sub-Mediterranean and Euro-Siberian territories, with the new communities Securigero securidacae-Dasypyretum villosi and Convolvulo elegantissimi-Aegilopetum geniculatae. This last community, due to its richness in Aegilops geniculata Roth, could be included in the alliance Taeniathero-Aegilopion geniculatae Rivas-Martínez & Izco 1977;however, the soil and statistical analyses reveal that it should remain part of the alliance Securigero securidacae-Dasypyrion villosi. The soil and floristic study of Hordeion leporini and Malvenion neglectae allows us to describe the new sub-alliance Resedo albae-Chrysanthemenion coronarii, subordinated to Malvion neglectae (Gutte 1966) status novo.
文摘The purpose of the study is to explore the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging in bone tuberculosis and bone tumors.Firstly,148 patients with bone tumor and bone tuberculosis were selected,74 cases in each group.Perform magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)examinations on all patients,relevant parameters were set and the changes in the value of the dispersion system were recorded to obtain T1-weighted imaging and T2-weighted imaging.The results showed that among 74 patients,41 cases were bone damage,38 cases were joint swelling,27 cases were sparse bone,10 cases were bone hyperplasia and 5 cases were dead bone and calcification.The imaging manifestations of bone tumors were 45 cases of fractures,26 cases of surrounding soft tissue infiltration,10 cases of hip duct enlargement and 11 cases of sacral foramen enlargement.After MRI diagnosis,the accuracy of diagnosing 74 cases of bone tumor was 100%,and the accuracy of diagnosing 65 cases of bone tuberculosis was 87.84%.The difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).The diffusion sensitivity coefficient of MRI weighted imaging was 150 s/mm2,and there was no significant difference in ADC values between the two groups(P>0.05).When the diffusion sensitivity coefficient is 300 s/mm2,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).Therefore,MRI had a certain diagnostic value for bone tuberculosis and bone tumors,and MRI had a higher diagnostic value and richer information for bone tumors.Corresponding treatment can be performed to improve the prognosis.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the direct and indirect biocompatibility of Filtek Silorane on human gingival fibroblastic cells.METHODS:Sixty-three standardized cylindrical specimens(8 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness)of restorative material were prepared using a light emitting diode-curing unit.The sample were built up in one increment and divided in 2 groups.In the first group,21samples(unpolished samples)were left without a specific polishing procedure;in the second one,42 samples(polished samples)were polished with 4 different grains of discs.Fibroblast cultures,obtained from gingiva of 2 subjects without systemic and oral disease,were used to assess the direct and indirect biocompatibility.Cells cultured for 48 h in normal culture medium were used as a control.RESULTS:The scanning electron microscope observations of fibroblasts cultured on the silorane samples,either polished or unpolished,confirmed the good biocompatibility of the material,favouring the cellular spreading.3-dimethylthiazol-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide tests showed a significant reduction(P<0.01)of gingival fibroblasts viability cultured both in polished samples(90.05%±19.00%)and unpolished samples(78.15%±11.00%)compared with the control.Cells growth in medium conditioned with the samples for 1 wk showed a significant viability reduction(P<0.01)compared to the control.A reduction of cell viability was observed even in the groups containing the material for 3 wk(polished:89.45%±10.00%;unpolished:65.97%±10.00%),even if the cytotoxicity was reduced after this long time exposure.CONCLUSION:Although the poor chromatic availability of this material remains a big limit that restricts its use to posterior sectors,the silorane-based material can be considered an option to perform restorations when aesthetic demands are not the priority,such as the
文摘Nonlinear and stochastic dynamics is essential and practical in almost all branches of natural science and engineering.It has been a central subject to understand various complex dynamics,such as random vibration,stochastic transition,synchronization,et al.,in the areas of mechanical and aerospace engineering,physics and chemistry.For example,the stochastic resonance has been utilized effectively in mechanical fault diagnosis and weak signal detection.Naturally,many methods have been developed to get the stochastic responses,including stochastic averaging method.
