In this work,an alternative alkali-activated cement(AAC)made of ladle slag precursor mixed with sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate has been developed to enhance the bearing capacity of estuarine soils in coastal con...In this work,an alternative alkali-activated cement(AAC)made of ladle slag precursor mixed with sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate has been developed to enhance the bearing capacity of estuarine soils in coastal conditions via deep soil mixing(DSM).The AAC was optimized to use a low reactivity precursor(ladle slag)and to deal with a contaminated high-water content natural sediment cured under water.The material performance was analysed by comparison to a mixture made with Portland cement and cured in the same conditions.Flexural and unconfined compressive strength tests as well as seismic waves measurements after 3-,7-,14-and 28-d curing were performed to obtain a relationship between elastic stiffness and strength with curing time for both mixtures.Remarkably,the AAC mix demonstrated superior strength results,exhibiting almost double flexural and compressive strengths after 28 d compared to the Portland cement mix.The AAC mix also showed a higher rate of stiffness increase than the Portland cement mix,which has a higher initial stiffness at young ages but lower stiffness evolution.Leachate analysis confirmed that the proposed AAC could effectively immobilise any contaminants from soil or precursors.The effect of curing under stress was analysed in triaxial compression tests and found to be insignificant,indicating that laboratory data obtained without stress curing can represent the material's behaviour in a DSM column,which will cure under the weight of the column.展开更多
Rhombohedral phase Hf_(x)Zr_(1.x)O_(2)(HZO,x from 0 to 1)films are promising for achieving robust ferroelectric polarization without the need for an initial wake-up pre-cycling,as is normally the case for the more com...Rhombohedral phase Hf_(x)Zr_(1.x)O_(2)(HZO,x from 0 to 1)films are promising for achieving robust ferroelectric polarization without the need for an initial wake-up pre-cycling,as is normally the case for the more commonly studied orthorhombic phase.However,a large spontaneous polarization observed in rhombohedral films is not fully understood,and there are also large discrepancies between experimental and theoretical predictions.In this work,in rhombohedral ZrO_(2)thin films,we show that oxygen vacancies are not only a key factor for stabilizing the phase,but they are also a source of ferroelectric polarization in the films.This is shown experimentally through the investigation of the structural properties,chemical composition and the ferroelectric properties of the films before and after an annealing at moderate temperature(400℃)in an oxygen environment to reduce the V_(o)concentration compared.The experimental work is supported by density functional theory(DFT)calculations which show that the rhombohedral phase is the most stable one in highly oxygen defective ZrO_(2)films.The DFT calculations also show that V_(o)contribute to the ferroelectric polarization.Our findings reveal the importance of V_(o)for stabilizing rhombohedral ZrO_(2)thin films with superior ferroelectric properties.展开更多
Axonal growth inhibitors are released during traumatic injuries to the adult mammalian central nervous system, including after spinal cord injury. These molecules accumulate at the injury site and form a highly inhibi...Axonal growth inhibitors are released during traumatic injuries to the adult mammalian central nervous system, including after spinal cord injury. These molecules accumulate at the injury site and form a highly inhibitory environment for axonal regeneration. Among these inhibitory molecules, myelinassociated inhibitors, including neurite outgrowth inhibitor A, oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein, myelin-associated glycoprotein, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and repulsive guidance molecule A are of particular importance. Due to their inhibitory nature, they represent exciting molecular targets to study axonal inhibition and regeneration after central injuries. These molecules are mainly produced by neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes within the scar and in its immediate vicinity. They exert their effects by binding to specific receptors, localized in the membranes of neurons. Receptors for these inhibitory cues include Nogo receptor 1, leucine-rich repeat, and Ig domain containing 1 and p75 neurotrophin receptor/tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 19(that form a receptor complex that binds all myelin-associated inhibitors), and also paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and repulsive guidance molecule A bind to Nogo receptor 1, Nogo receptor 3, receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase σ and leucocyte common antigen related phosphatase, and neogenin, respectively. Once activated, these receptors initiate downstream signaling pathways, the most common amongst them being the Rho A/ROCK signaling pathway. These signaling cascades result in actin depolymerization, neurite outgrowth inhibition, and failure to regenerate after spinal cord injury. Currently, there are no approved pharmacological treatments to overcome spinal cord injuries other than physical rehabilitation and management of the array of symptoms brought on by spinal cord injuries. However, several novel therapies aiming to modulate these inhibitory proteins and/or their receptors are under investigation in ongoing clinical trials. Investigation has also been demonstrating that combinatorial therapies of growth inhibitors with other therapies, such as growth factors or stem-cell therapies, produce stronger results and their potential application in the clinics opens new venues in spinal cord injury treatment.展开更多
Objective:To identify self-care actions for the maintenance of arteriovenous fistula of renal patients.Method:An integrative review study was conducted and literature were searched in Medline/PubMed,Scopus,CINAHL LILA...Objective:To identify self-care actions for the maintenance of arteriovenous fistula of renal patients.Method:An integrative review study was conducted and literature were searched in Medline/PubMed,Scopus,CINAHL LILACS,BDENF and SciELO Library databases using the descriptors chronic renal insufficiency,arteriovenous fistula,self-care,and knowledge.The inclusion criteria were that the documents be written in Portuguese,English,and Spanish,full text available,published in the last five years,and that they address the research question.Reflection articles,theses,dissertations,editorials of nonscientific journals,and research studies that did not follow the necessary methodological rigor were excluded.Data were analyzed with the IRAMUJTEQ software.Results:Fifteen articles were selected and comprised the final sample.Seven classes of self-care actions emerged from the text segments analysis and grouped into three categories:(1)Self-care actions that maintain the arteriovenous fistula;(2)Self-care actions for the prevention and the monitoring of complications with arteriovenous fistula;(3)Self-care actions directed at the perioperative period of arteriovenous fistula preparation.Conclusion:The results allowed us to identify important care for the maintenance of arteriovenous fistula functionality.The self-care actions identified in this study can guide a nursing care policy for implementation with protocols that help identify problems related to self-care actions and,thus,subsidize the development of actions aimed at the renal patient.However,more studies with high levels of evidence that identify self-care actions with arteriovenous fistula and the factors involved in its implementation are needed.展开更多
AIM To determine the prevalence of epstein-barr virus(eb V)-associated gastric carcinomas in the North Region of Portugal and to study its clinicopathological characteristics. METHODS We have performed a retrospective...AIM To determine the prevalence of epstein-barr virus(eb V)-associated gastric carcinomas in the North Region of Portugal and to study its clinicopathological characteristics. METHODS We have performed a retrospective study including a total of 179 consecutive patients with gastric cancer(GC) submitted to gastrectomy during 2011 at the Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto. Clinical and pathological data was collected from individual clinical records and inserted on a database with unique codification. Tumour tissues were collected from the institutional tumour bank. eb V was detected by in situ hybridization for the detection of eb V-encoded small RNAs(ebe Rs) and eb V latent proteins(LMP1 and LMP2 A) were detected by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS The analysis showed that eb V-associated gastric carcinomas(eb Va GC) represents 8.4%(15/179) of all GC cases, with a significant differential distribution among histological types(P < 0.001): 100%(3/3) of medullary carcinomas, 100%(1/1) of adenosquamous carcinoma, 8.7%(8/92) of tubular adenocarcinomas, 8.0%(2/25) of mixed carcinomas and 2%(1/51) in poorly cohesive carcinomas. The analysis revealed a higher predominance of eb Va GC in the upper third and middle(cardia, fundus and body) of the stomach(P = 0.041), a significant lower number of regional lymph nodes invasion(P = 0.025) and a tendency for better prognosis(P = 0.222). eb V latent protein expression revealed that all eb Va GC cases were LMP1-negative, nevertheless 6 cases(40%) expressed LPM2 A, which reveals that these cases show a distinct eb V-Latency profile(latency II-like).CONCLUSION eb Va GC represents 8.4% of all GC in the North Region of Portugal. The eb V-infected patients have specific clinic-pathological features that should be further explored to develop new strategies of management and treatment.展开更多
Many studies have been dedicated to the development of scaffolds for improving post-traumatic nerve regeneration. The goal of this study was to assess the effect on nerve regeneration, associating a hybrid chitosan me...Many studies have been dedicated to the development of scaffolds for improving post-traumatic nerve regeneration. The goal of this study was to assess the effect on nerve regeneration, associating a hybrid chitosan membrane with non-differentiated human mesenchymal stem cells isolated from Wharton＇s jelly of umbilical cord, in peripheral nerve reconstruction after crush injury. Chromosome analysis on human mesenchymal stem cell line from Wharton＇s jelly was carried out and no structural alterations were found in metaphase. Chitosan membranes were previously tested in vitro, to assess their ability in supporting human mesenchymal stem cell survival, expansion, and differentiation. For the in vivo testing, Sasco Sprague adult rats were divided in 4 groups of 6 or 7 animals each： Group 1, sciatic axonotmesis injury without any other intervention （Group 1-Crush）; Group 2, the axonotmesis lesion of 3 mm was infiltrated with a suspension of 1 250 -1 500 human mesenchymal stem cells （total volume of 50 pL） （Group 2-CrushCell）; Group 3, axonotmesis lesion of 3 mm was enwrapped with a chitosan type Ill membrane covered with a monolayer of non-differentiated human mesenchymal stem cells （Group 3-CrushChitlllCell） and Group 4, axonotmesis lesion of 3 mm was enwrapped with a chitosan type III membrane （Group 4-CrushChiUll）. Motor and sensory functional recovery was evaluated throughout a healing period of 12 weeks using sciatic functional index, static sciatic index, extensor postural thrust, and withdrawal reflex latency. Stereological analysis was carded out on regenerated nerve fibers. Results showed that infiltration of human mesenchymal stem cells, or the combination of chitosan membrane enwrapment and human mesenchymal stem cell enrichment after nerve crush injury provide a slight advantage to post-traumatic nerve regeneration. Results obtained with chitosan type III membrane alone confirmed that they significantly improve post-traumatic axonal regrowth and may represent a very promising clinical tool in peripheral nerve reconstructive surgery. Yet, umbilical cord human mesenchymal stem cells, that can be expanded in culture and induced to form several different types of cells, may prove, in future experiments, to be a new source of cells for cell therapy, including targets such as peripheral nerve and muscle.展开更多
The main objective of this research is to assess the existence （or lack） of media concentration in the Portuguese dailies newspaper sector, and to evaluate the extension to which this situation may be compromising f...The main objective of this research is to assess the existence （or lack） of media concentration in the Portuguese dailies newspaper sector, and to evaluate the extension to which this situation may be compromising fundamental society values： freedom of speech and right of access to information. Authors resorted to market indicators, namely total average circulation,number of copies per issue, business volume and advertising investments. These indicators are found to be complementary： some indicators evaluate group position in the readers＇ market, whereas other evaluates group position in the general market and the advertising market in particular. Based in this market information, we used quantitative models （HII, CR4 and Noan） to measure de concentration in the newspaper segment. Additionally we tried to demonstrate that to analyze the dailies newspaper concentration situation in Portugal a holist perspective of the media market is needed, using a country context to understand some local characteristics and market structure and political, economic, social and technological dynamics. Additionally, there are evidences that existing concentration indexes are not conclusive because of potential replacement effects in the Portuguese media sector.展开更多
The building sector has a significant weight in the global energy consumption in almost of the countries. So, there is a high potential for increasing its energy efficiency. With the enforcement of the energetic certi...The building sector has a significant weight in the global energy consumption in almost of the countries. So, there is a high potential for increasing its energy efficiency. With the enforcement of the energetic certification, it was tried to select different solutions that presents less energy consumption and waste, as well as an effective reduction of CO2 emissions. This work fits in this perspective, since the main goal is to evaluate the contribution of passive and active solutions that can be used in buildings for the improvement of its energetic efficiency, as well as to evaluate the contribution of renewable energy sources. Contribution of solar systems for hot water heating and electric energy production has been studied, as well as cogeneration, Combined Heat and Power （CHP）. The case studied is a hotel. To improve the building performance, there were proposed several changes, with the goal of evaluating the contribution of the different solutions proposed. It was concluded that they contribute to a reduction of thermal needs of 25.2% and avoided emissions of CO2 is 30.4%. The analysis of the implementation of trigeneration, Combined Heat, Cooling and Power （CHCP） turns it executable. The payback period is less than 8 years.展开更多
Background: Inadvertent postoperative hypothermia (IPH) is known to be associated with various adverse effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence, predictors and outcome of core inadvertent hypotherm...Background: Inadvertent postoperative hypothermia (IPH) is known to be associated with various adverse effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence, predictors and outcome of core inadvertent hypothermia on admission in the post-anesthesia care unit. Methods: Observational, prospective study in a Post-Anesthesia Care Unit. The study population consisted of adult patients after non-cardiac and non-neurologic surgery. Patients’ demographics, intraoperative and postoperative data were collected. Descriptive analysis of variables was used to summarize data and the Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher’s exact test or Chi-square test was used. Univariate and multivariate analyses were done with logistic binary regression with calculation of an Odds Ratio (OR) and its 95% Confidence Interval. Results: The incidence of IPH on admission was 32%. In univariate analysis: age, body mass index (BMI), high risk surgery, revised cardiac risk index (RCRI), type of anesthesia, use of forced-air warming, amount of intravenous crystalloids administrated, duration of anesthesia, duration of surgery and admission visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain > 3 were considered predictors of hypothermia. In multiple logistic regression analysis, age (OR 1.7, P = 0.045, for age > 65 years), RCRI (OR 3.18, P = 0.041, for RCRI > 2), duration of anesthesia (OR 1.52, P < 0.001) and admission VAS for pain (OR 2.05, P = 0.007) were considered independent predictors of IPH. Patients with IPH at PACU admission stay longer in the PACU. Conclusions: IPH was associated with a longer stay in the PACU. Age, comorbidities duration of anesthesia and pain at PACU admission were considered independent predictors for IPH.展开更多
The diffusion of water vapour in the atmospheric air through the elements of the envelope of a cold storage room, caused by the pressure gradient between the external and internal environment is inevitable in most sit...The diffusion of water vapour in the atmospheric air through the elements of the envelope of a cold storage room, caused by the pressure gradient between the external and internal environment is inevitable in most situations. In fact, if the conditions in the interior of an envelope element are such as to enable the vapour freezing of the migrant water, the increase in volume from the formation of ice will causes the deformation of this element with very serious consequences, which can go up to its partial or total destruction. In this scenario, readily note the importance ofvapour barriers associated with a properly designed insulation, tend to not only reduce the amount of water diffused, but also prevent the achievement of the conditions for freeze inside the engaging elements. The purpose of this work is to formulate the procedure for design of vapour barriers connected with the design of optimized thermal insulation, and then apply it to a cold chamber located in Portugal. Vapour barriers and the procedure for its design are both mandatory. The required thickness of the vapour barrier is relatively small, and the most appropriate insolation （maintaining the optimal thickness） is the black cork agglomerate.展开更多
The economic and financial sustainability of regional press companies is extremely relevant for the dynamism of this important sector in promoting pluralism of ideas and decentralization of information. In this contex...The economic and financial sustainability of regional press companies is extremely relevant for the dynamism of this important sector in promoting pluralism of ideas and decentralization of information. In this context, the work presented here intends, on one hand, to analyze the importance of the press support system in Macao for its economic and financial sustainability and, on the other hand, to try to understand how they contribute to promoting information pluralism with Portuguese speaking community in a Chinese territory--with special regime. With this purpose, three methodologies were implemented, namely： （1） review of literature and documentary research--reports, articles in the press, scientific articles and academic books related to the topic; （2） analysis of contents of interviews of privileged informants-directors and editors of newspapers addressed to the Portuguese community in the Macao region; and （3） analysis of the impact of support from the Macao Regional Government based on the principles of the Office of Fair Trading （OFT） model.展开更多
Like in other sectors of activity, the sustainability in refrigeration systems is a mandatory goal to achieve, namely at house holdings, bars and restaurants, where small-scale refrigerators and freezers are widely us...Like in other sectors of activity, the sustainability in refrigeration systems is a mandatory goal to achieve, namely at house holdings, bars and restaurants, where small-scale refrigerators and freezers are widely used. The aim of this work is to demonstrate experimentally, trough measurements carried out in these equipments, the improvement that can be achieved if several modifications are implemented in traditional household refrigeration systems. In addition, it was also simulated and analysed experimentally a slightly different equipment, a refrigeration system used for draught beverages. Both systems work on a single vapour compression refrigeration with R-134a as working fluid. In the end, by implemented the modifications tested in the virtual model, it was possible to improve their thermal behaviour, a decrease in electrical energy consumption, as well as, the associated CO2 emissions reduction can be attained. In this project, the CFD （Computational Fluid Dynamics） soffware--ANSYS Fluent was used to simulate the ambient temperature and velocity fields inside the refrigerator and in that way to validate the measured results.展开更多
Epidemiological studies have reported an increased risk of Parkinson’s disease(PD)development in amphetamine-type stimulant users during their lifetime(Garwood et al.,2006;Rumpf et al.,2017).Protein inclusions mainly...Epidemiological studies have reported an increased risk of Parkinson’s disease(PD)development in amphetamine-type stimulant users during their lifetime(Garwood et al.,2006;Rumpf et al.,2017).Protein inclusions mainly composed of misfolded and aggregatedα-synuclein are the pathological hallmark of PD and other disorders known as synucleinopathies.Molecular studies present evidence that amphetamine upregulatesα-synuclein synthesis in substantia nigra.The increment ofα-synuclein levels promotes its aggregation and amyloid fibril formation,increasing reactive oxygen species(ROS),and consequently dopamine oxidation(Wang and Witt,2014),known to be toxic for dopaminergic neurons involved in motor function and limbicmotor integration.Over the years,these damaged cells lose their functionality and may die precociously,depleting the reserve of neural cells necessary for the normal neurological function which contributes to the onset of PD,when a critical number of cells are lost(Garwood et al.,2006).Therefore,the use of amphetamine-type stimulants may be a trigger event in the development of PD and parkinsonism,in conjugation to other risk factors that a given individual may hold.Despite the evidence,a previous study suggests that there is not enough data to corroborate the loss of dopamine neurons due to human amphetamine-type stimulant exposure,and consequently its implication in the PD development(Kish et al.,2017).展开更多
A 54-year-old diabetic male, with idiopathic CD4 + lymphocytopenia, was presented with a two-month history of headache and periocular pain followed by vertigo, left hypoacusia and left peripheral facial palsy and hypo...A 54-year-old diabetic male, with idiopathic CD4 + lymphocytopenia, was presented with a two-month history of headache and periocular pain followed by vertigo, left hypoacusia and left peripheral facial palsy and hypoesthesia. More than a month after admission, a palate ulcer appeared and Infectious Diseases consultation was required. Mucormycosis was suspected and the diagnosis was confirmed by histologic examination. Despite early surgery and combination antifungal therapy, the patient did not survive. This case report illustrates the difficulty in diagnosing a rare condition with non-specific clinical manifestations and underlines the importance of a timely multidisciplinary approach in order to recognise this highly fatal disease earlier. It also describes a previously non-reported situation of mucormycosis in a patient with idiopathic CD4 + lymphocytopenia.展开更多
Wind energy is considered a hope in future as a clean and sustainable energy, as can be seen by the growing number of wind farms installed all over the world. With the huge proliferation of wind farms, as an alternati...Wind energy is considered a hope in future as a clean and sustainable energy, as can be seen by the growing number of wind farms installed all over the world. With the huge proliferation of wind farms, as an alternative to the traditional fossil power generation, the economic issues dictate the necessity of monitoring systems to optimize the availability and profits. The relatively high cost of operation and maintenance associated to wind power is a major issue. Wind turbines are most of the time located in remote areas or offshore and these factors increase the referred operation and maintenance costs. Good maintenance strategies are needed to increase the health management of wind turbines. The objective of this paper is to show the application of neural networks to analyze all the wind turbine information to identify possible future failures, based on previous information of the turbine.展开更多
Tourism is one of the activities with high benefits on the development and for many regions,enabling the integration of local populations and economies.In our natural laboratory,the Azores Island of São Miguel,an...Tourism is one of the activities with high benefits on the development and for many regions,enabling the integration of local populations and economies.In our natural laboratory,the Azores Island of São Miguel,an important share of tourists identifies adventure,leisure and touch with nature,as the main reasons for the visit.The use of footpaths can contribute to the satisfaction of tourists,promoting tourism and the region’s development during their movements on the tourism network,tourists appreciate different types of attractions and need the support of a set of facilities.Tourist decisions are not always done in a rational way,emotions add even more complexity to the human decision process.The movement of tourists within a destination depends on factors related to tourist characteristics,like the time budgets,preferences or destination knowledge,and destination features related to attractions characteristics or accessibility level.The existence of a mathematical model that incorporates the main factors that explain the movement of independent tourists within a destination,in a dynamic way,will make possible the creation of an adaptable software tool.This tool will meet the specific needs of tourists,allowing the use of the network in an optimal way by the different tourist profiles,and the needs of regional government and business,allowing better decisions and the offer of relevant tourism products.This article is based on the authors’previous research and identifies the relevance of tourism for regional development,finds the main tourists’mobility criteria on the study territory,using as main support for the footpath network,recognises the necessary modelling process and develops the foundation for the building of the mathematical model that explains the movement of tourists within the destination,making possible a future adaptable software tool.展开更多
Objectives: This research work intends to clarify the role of artificial saliva, in particularly the role of mucin, a salivary protein, on the surface properties and adhesion ability of Candida spp. oral clinical isol...Objectives: This research work intends to clarify the role of artificial saliva, in particularly the role of mucin, a salivary protein, on the surface properties and adhesion ability of Candida spp. oral clinical isolates to abiotic surfaces. Methods: Four oral clinical isolates of Candida spp. were used: two Candida albicans strains (AC;AM) and two Candida parapsilosis strains (AD;AM2). The strains were isolated from patients using oral prosthesis. The microorganisms were cultured in the absence or presence of mucin and artificial saliva, and their adhesion to an abiotic surface (coated with mucin and artificial saliva) was evaluated. Results: The presence of mucin per se onto the abiotic surface decreased the adhesion of all strains, although the combination of mucin with artificial saliva had reduced this effect. No direct correlation between adhesion and the surface free energies of adhesion of the microorganisms was found. Significance: Candida spp. were human commensal microorganisms that became pathogenic when the host immune defenses were compromised. Medical devices were colonized by Candida spp. particularly, oral prostheses, which might lead to the degradation of the prostheses and systemic infections. The salivary secretions that constantly cover the oral cavity influenced Candida spp. adhesion process. Therefore, it was important to understand the interactions between Candida spp., salivary proteins and the characteristic of oral prosthesis when developing materials for oral prostheses.展开更多
Background The hemostatic system is complex and evolves continuously since gestation and well into the adult years,in a process known as“developmental hemostasis.”Data sources A comprehensive review was performed af...Background The hemostatic system is complex and evolves continuously since gestation and well into the adult years,in a process known as“developmental hemostasis.”Data sources A comprehensive review was performed after an extensive literature search on PubMed/MEDLINE concerning developmental hemostasis during the neonatal period.Relevant cross references were also included.Results Although part of a system,each component of the hemostatic system evolves differently,with many displaying both quantitative and qualitative age-related differences.This leads to drastic disparities between the coagulation system of neonates and both other children’s and adults’,while still maintaining a generally balanced and physiological hemostasis.The motives behind this process remain to be fully elucidated but may be,at least in part,related to non-hemostatic factors.Conclusions Knowledge regarding“developmental hemostasis”is essential for everyone caring for newborns or even children in general and in this review,we describe each hemostatic system component’s neonatal characteristics and age-related progression as well as explore some of the possible physiological motives behind the process.展开更多
A curvature sensor based on an Fabry-Perot （FP） interferometer was proposed. A capillary silica tube was fusion spliced between two single mode fibers, producing an FP cavity. Two FP sensors with different cavity le...A curvature sensor based on an Fabry-Perot （FP） interferometer was proposed. A capillary silica tube was fusion spliced between two single mode fibers, producing an FP cavity. Two FP sensors with different cavity lengths were developed and subjected to curvature and temperature. The FP sensor with longer cavity showed three distinct operating regions for the curvature measurement. Namely, a linear response was shown for an intermediate curvature radius range, presenting a maximum sensitivity of 68.52 pm/m-1. When subjected to temperature, the sensing head produced a similar response for different curvature radii, with a sensitivity varying from 0.84 pm/℃ to 0.89 pm/℃, which resulted in a small cross-sensitivity to temperature when the FP sensor was subjected to curvature. The FP cavity with shorter length presented low sensitivity to curvature.展开更多
基金funding from CNPq(Brazilian council for scientific and technological development)through 201465/2015-9 scholarship of the“Science without borders”programsupport of MCTES/FCT(Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation of Portuguese Ministry of Science and Technology)through CEECIND/04583/2017 grant+1 种基金financially supported by:Base Funding-UIDB/04708/2020 of the CONSTRUCT-Instituto de I&D em Estruturas e Construções-funded by national funds through FCT/MCTES(PIDDAC)A special acknowledgment is also due to the Portuguese National Steel Industry of Maia,part of MEGASA group,for the steel slag supply and to Professor Joaquim Faria for his support in understanding the basic notions of chemistry.
文摘In this work,an alternative alkali-activated cement(AAC)made of ladle slag precursor mixed with sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate has been developed to enhance the bearing capacity of estuarine soils in coastal conditions via deep soil mixing(DSM).The AAC was optimized to use a low reactivity precursor(ladle slag)and to deal with a contaminated high-water content natural sediment cured under water.The material performance was analysed by comparison to a mixture made with Portland cement and cured in the same conditions.Flexural and unconfined compressive strength tests as well as seismic waves measurements after 3-,7-,14-and 28-d curing were performed to obtain a relationship between elastic stiffness and strength with curing time for both mixtures.Remarkably,the AAC mix demonstrated superior strength results,exhibiting almost double flexural and compressive strengths after 28 d compared to the Portland cement mix.The AAC mix also showed a higher rate of stiffness increase than the Portland cement mix,which has a higher initial stiffness at young ages but lower stiffness evolution.Leachate analysis confirmed that the proposed AAC could effectively immobilise any contaminants from soil or precursors.The effect of curing under stress was analysed in triaxial compression tests and found to be insignificant,indicating that laboratory data obtained without stress curing can represent the material's behaviour in a DSM column,which will cure under the weight of the column.
基金supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology(FCT)in the framework of the Strategic Funding Contract UIDB/04650/2020 and by M-ERA.NET NanOx4EStor Contract no.M-ERA-NET3/0003/2021the Oblivion Supercomputer at university ofévora,funded by the ENGAGE SKA Research Infrastructure(reference POCI-01-0145-FEDER022217-COMPETE 2020 and FCT)+4 种基金by the BigData@UE project(reference ALT20-03-0246-FEDER-000033-FEDER and the Alentejo 2020 Regional Operational Program),for providing HPC resources in the framework of the advanced computing project CPCA/A1/415075/2021 awarded by FCT IPthe financial support through the contract FEDR-POC No.332/390008/29.122020-SMIS 109522the CERIC-ERIC Consortium for access to experimental facilities and financial support under proposals 20202037,20202038 and 20192055supported by the COST Action CA20116-European Network for Innovative and Advanced Epitaxy(OPERA)the Royal Academy of Engineering grant,CIET1819_24,for funding and the ERC grant,EU-H2020-ERC-ADG#882929,EROS
文摘Rhombohedral phase Hf_(x)Zr_(1.x)O_(2)(HZO,x from 0 to 1)films are promising for achieving robust ferroelectric polarization without the need for an initial wake-up pre-cycling,as is normally the case for the more commonly studied orthorhombic phase.However,a large spontaneous polarization observed in rhombohedral films is not fully understood,and there are also large discrepancies between experimental and theoretical predictions.In this work,in rhombohedral ZrO_(2)thin films,we show that oxygen vacancies are not only a key factor for stabilizing the phase,but they are also a source of ferroelectric polarization in the films.This is shown experimentally through the investigation of the structural properties,chemical composition and the ferroelectric properties of the films before and after an annealing at moderate temperature(400℃)in an oxygen environment to reduce the V_(o)concentration compared.The experimental work is supported by density functional theory(DFT)calculations which show that the rhombohedral phase is the most stable one in highly oxygen defective ZrO_(2)films.The DFT calculations also show that V_(o)contribute to the ferroelectric polarization.Our findings reveal the importance of V_(o)for stabilizing rhombohedral ZrO_(2)thin films with superior ferroelectric properties.
基金a Ph D fellowship by FCT-Fundacao para a Ciência Tecnologia (SFRH/BD/135868/2018)(to SSC)。
文摘Axonal growth inhibitors are released during traumatic injuries to the adult mammalian central nervous system, including after spinal cord injury. These molecules accumulate at the injury site and form a highly inhibitory environment for axonal regeneration. Among these inhibitory molecules, myelinassociated inhibitors, including neurite outgrowth inhibitor A, oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein, myelin-associated glycoprotein, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and repulsive guidance molecule A are of particular importance. Due to their inhibitory nature, they represent exciting molecular targets to study axonal inhibition and regeneration after central injuries. These molecules are mainly produced by neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes within the scar and in its immediate vicinity. They exert their effects by binding to specific receptors, localized in the membranes of neurons. Receptors for these inhibitory cues include Nogo receptor 1, leucine-rich repeat, and Ig domain containing 1 and p75 neurotrophin receptor/tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 19(that form a receptor complex that binds all myelin-associated inhibitors), and also paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and repulsive guidance molecule A bind to Nogo receptor 1, Nogo receptor 3, receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase σ and leucocyte common antigen related phosphatase, and neogenin, respectively. Once activated, these receptors initiate downstream signaling pathways, the most common amongst them being the Rho A/ROCK signaling pathway. These signaling cascades result in actin depolymerization, neurite outgrowth inhibition, and failure to regenerate after spinal cord injury. Currently, there are no approved pharmacological treatments to overcome spinal cord injuries other than physical rehabilitation and management of the array of symptoms brought on by spinal cord injuries. However, several novel therapies aiming to modulate these inhibitory proteins and/or their receptors are under investigation in ongoing clinical trials. Investigation has also been demonstrating that combinatorial therapies of growth inhibitors with other therapies, such as growth factors or stem-cell therapies, produce stronger results and their potential application in the clinics opens new venues in spinal cord injury treatment.
基金This work was supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development in Brazil
文摘Objective:To identify self-care actions for the maintenance of arteriovenous fistula of renal patients.Method:An integrative review study was conducted and literature were searched in Medline/PubMed,Scopus,CINAHL LILACS,BDENF and SciELO Library databases using the descriptors chronic renal insufficiency,arteriovenous fistula,self-care,and knowledge.The inclusion criteria were that the documents be written in Portuguese,English,and Spanish,full text available,published in the last five years,and that they address the research question.Reflection articles,theses,dissertations,editorials of nonscientific journals,and research studies that did not follow the necessary methodological rigor were excluded.Data were analyzed with the IRAMUJTEQ software.Results:Fifteen articles were selected and comprised the final sample.Seven classes of self-care actions emerged from the text segments analysis and grouped into three categories:(1)Self-care actions that maintain the arteriovenous fistula;(2)Self-care actions for the prevention and the monitoring of complications with arteriovenous fistula;(3)Self-care actions directed at the perioperative period of arteriovenous fistula preparation.Conclusion:The results allowed us to identify important care for the maintenance of arteriovenous fistula functionality.The self-care actions identified in this study can guide a nursing care policy for implementation with protocols that help identify problems related to self-care actions and,thus,subsidize the development of actions aimed at the renal patient.However,more studies with high levels of evidence that identify self-care actions with arteriovenous fistula and the factors involved in its implementation are needed.
基金supported by FEDER through the operation POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007746 funded by the Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalizacao–COMPETE2020by National Funds through FCT-Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia within CINTESIS,R&D Unit(reference UID/IC/4255/2013)Joana Ribeiro has been granted with a Ph D Scholarship(SFRH/BD/107740/2015)from FCT-Fundacao para Ciencia e Tecnologia
文摘AIM To determine the prevalence of epstein-barr virus(eb V)-associated gastric carcinomas in the North Region of Portugal and to study its clinicopathological characteristics. METHODS We have performed a retrospective study including a total of 179 consecutive patients with gastric cancer(GC) submitted to gastrectomy during 2011 at the Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto. Clinical and pathological data was collected from individual clinical records and inserted on a database with unique codification. Tumour tissues were collected from the institutional tumour bank. eb V was detected by in situ hybridization for the detection of eb V-encoded small RNAs(ebe Rs) and eb V latent proteins(LMP1 and LMP2 A) were detected by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS The analysis showed that eb V-associated gastric carcinomas(eb Va GC) represents 8.4%(15/179) of all GC cases, with a significant differential distribution among histological types(P < 0.001): 100%(3/3) of medullary carcinomas, 100%(1/1) of adenosquamous carcinoma, 8.7%(8/92) of tubular adenocarcinomas, 8.0%(2/25) of mixed carcinomas and 2%(1/51) in poorly cohesive carcinomas. The analysis revealed a higher predominance of eb Va GC in the upper third and middle(cardia, fundus and body) of the stomach(P = 0.041), a significant lower number of regional lymph nodes invasion(P = 0.025) and a tendency for better prognosis(P = 0.222). eb V latent protein expression revealed that all eb Va GC cases were LMP1-negative, nevertheless 6 cases(40%) expressed LPM2 A, which reveals that these cases show a distinct eb V-Latency profile(latency II-like).CONCLUSION eb Va GC represents 8.4% of all GC in the North Region of Portugal. The eb V-infected patients have specific clinic-pathological features that should be further explored to develop new strategies of management and treatment.
基金supported by Technology and Science Foundation(FCT),Education and Science Ministry,Portugal,through the financed research project PTDC/DES/104036/2008by QREN N°1372-Nucleus I&DT for the Development of Products for Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapies-Núcleo Biomat&CellAndrea Grtner has a Doctoral Grantfrom Technology and Science Foundation(FCT),Education and Science Ministry,Portugal,SFRH/BD/70211/2010
文摘Many studies have been dedicated to the development of scaffolds for improving post-traumatic nerve regeneration. The goal of this study was to assess the effect on nerve regeneration, associating a hybrid chitosan membrane with non-differentiated human mesenchymal stem cells isolated from Wharton＇s jelly of umbilical cord, in peripheral nerve reconstruction after crush injury. Chromosome analysis on human mesenchymal stem cell line from Wharton＇s jelly was carried out and no structural alterations were found in metaphase. Chitosan membranes were previously tested in vitro, to assess their ability in supporting human mesenchymal stem cell survival, expansion, and differentiation. For the in vivo testing, Sasco Sprague adult rats were divided in 4 groups of 6 or 7 animals each： Group 1, sciatic axonotmesis injury without any other intervention （Group 1-Crush）; Group 2, the axonotmesis lesion of 3 mm was infiltrated with a suspension of 1 250 -1 500 human mesenchymal stem cells （total volume of 50 pL） （Group 2-CrushCell）; Group 3, axonotmesis lesion of 3 mm was enwrapped with a chitosan type Ill membrane covered with a monolayer of non-differentiated human mesenchymal stem cells （Group 3-CrushChitlllCell） and Group 4, axonotmesis lesion of 3 mm was enwrapped with a chitosan type III membrane （Group 4-CrushChiUll）. Motor and sensory functional recovery was evaluated throughout a healing period of 12 weeks using sciatic functional index, static sciatic index, extensor postural thrust, and withdrawal reflex latency. Stereological analysis was carded out on regenerated nerve fibers. Results showed that infiltration of human mesenchymal stem cells, or the combination of chitosan membrane enwrapment and human mesenchymal stem cell enrichment after nerve crush injury provide a slight advantage to post-traumatic nerve regeneration. Results obtained with chitosan type III membrane alone confirmed that they significantly improve post-traumatic axonal regrowth and may represent a very promising clinical tool in peripheral nerve reconstructive surgery. Yet, umbilical cord human mesenchymal stem cells, that can be expanded in culture and induced to form several different types of cells, may prove, in future experiments, to be a new source of cells for cell therapy, including targets such as peripheral nerve and muscle.
文摘The main objective of this research is to assess the existence （or lack） of media concentration in the Portuguese dailies newspaper sector, and to evaluate the extension to which this situation may be compromising fundamental society values： freedom of speech and right of access to information. Authors resorted to market indicators, namely total average circulation,number of copies per issue, business volume and advertising investments. These indicators are found to be complementary： some indicators evaluate group position in the readers＇ market, whereas other evaluates group position in the general market and the advertising market in particular. Based in this market information, we used quantitative models （HII, CR4 and Noan） to measure de concentration in the newspaper segment. Additionally we tried to demonstrate that to analyze the dailies newspaper concentration situation in Portugal a holist perspective of the media market is needed, using a country context to understand some local characteristics and market structure and political, economic, social and technological dynamics. Additionally, there are evidences that existing concentration indexes are not conclusive because of potential replacement effects in the Portuguese media sector.
文摘The building sector has a significant weight in the global energy consumption in almost of the countries. So, there is a high potential for increasing its energy efficiency. With the enforcement of the energetic certification, it was tried to select different solutions that presents less energy consumption and waste, as well as an effective reduction of CO2 emissions. This work fits in this perspective, since the main goal is to evaluate the contribution of passive and active solutions that can be used in buildings for the improvement of its energetic efficiency, as well as to evaluate the contribution of renewable energy sources. Contribution of solar systems for hot water heating and electric energy production has been studied, as well as cogeneration, Combined Heat and Power （CHP）. The case studied is a hotel. To improve the building performance, there were proposed several changes, with the goal of evaluating the contribution of the different solutions proposed. It was concluded that they contribute to a reduction of thermal needs of 25.2% and avoided emissions of CO2 is 30.4%. The analysis of the implementation of trigeneration, Combined Heat, Cooling and Power （CHCP） turns it executable. The payback period is less than 8 years.
文摘Background: Inadvertent postoperative hypothermia (IPH) is known to be associated with various adverse effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence, predictors and outcome of core inadvertent hypothermia on admission in the post-anesthesia care unit. Methods: Observational, prospective study in a Post-Anesthesia Care Unit. The study population consisted of adult patients after non-cardiac and non-neurologic surgery. Patients’ demographics, intraoperative and postoperative data were collected. Descriptive analysis of variables was used to summarize data and the Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher’s exact test or Chi-square test was used. Univariate and multivariate analyses were done with logistic binary regression with calculation of an Odds Ratio (OR) and its 95% Confidence Interval. Results: The incidence of IPH on admission was 32%. In univariate analysis: age, body mass index (BMI), high risk surgery, revised cardiac risk index (RCRI), type of anesthesia, use of forced-air warming, amount of intravenous crystalloids administrated, duration of anesthesia, duration of surgery and admission visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain > 3 were considered predictors of hypothermia. In multiple logistic regression analysis, age (OR 1.7, P = 0.045, for age > 65 years), RCRI (OR 3.18, P = 0.041, for RCRI > 2), duration of anesthesia (OR 1.52, P < 0.001) and admission VAS for pain (OR 2.05, P = 0.007) were considered independent predictors of IPH. Patients with IPH at PACU admission stay longer in the PACU. Conclusions: IPH was associated with a longer stay in the PACU. Age, comorbidities duration of anesthesia and pain at PACU admission were considered independent predictors for IPH.
文摘The diffusion of water vapour in the atmospheric air through the elements of the envelope of a cold storage room, caused by the pressure gradient between the external and internal environment is inevitable in most situations. In fact, if the conditions in the interior of an envelope element are such as to enable the vapour freezing of the migrant water, the increase in volume from the formation of ice will causes the deformation of this element with very serious consequences, which can go up to its partial or total destruction. In this scenario, readily note the importance ofvapour barriers associated with a properly designed insulation, tend to not only reduce the amount of water diffused, but also prevent the achievement of the conditions for freeze inside the engaging elements. The purpose of this work is to formulate the procedure for design of vapour barriers connected with the design of optimized thermal insulation, and then apply it to a cold chamber located in Portugal. Vapour barriers and the procedure for its design are both mandatory. The required thickness of the vapour barrier is relatively small, and the most appropriate insolation （maintaining the optimal thickness） is the black cork agglomerate.
文摘The economic and financial sustainability of regional press companies is extremely relevant for the dynamism of this important sector in promoting pluralism of ideas and decentralization of information. In this context, the work presented here intends, on one hand, to analyze the importance of the press support system in Macao for its economic and financial sustainability and, on the other hand, to try to understand how they contribute to promoting information pluralism with Portuguese speaking community in a Chinese territory--with special regime. With this purpose, three methodologies were implemented, namely： （1） review of literature and documentary research--reports, articles in the press, scientific articles and academic books related to the topic; （2） analysis of contents of interviews of privileged informants-directors and editors of newspapers addressed to the Portuguese community in the Macao region; and （3） analysis of the impact of support from the Macao Regional Government based on the principles of the Office of Fair Trading （OFT） model.
文摘Like in other sectors of activity, the sustainability in refrigeration systems is a mandatory goal to achieve, namely at house holdings, bars and restaurants, where small-scale refrigerators and freezers are widely used. The aim of this work is to demonstrate experimentally, trough measurements carried out in these equipments, the improvement that can be achieved if several modifications are implemented in traditional household refrigeration systems. In addition, it was also simulated and analysed experimentally a slightly different equipment, a refrigeration system used for draught beverages. Both systems work on a single vapour compression refrigeration with R-134a as working fluid. In the end, by implemented the modifications tested in the virtual model, it was possible to improve their thermal behaviour, a decrease in electrical energy consumption, as well as, the associated CO2 emissions reduction can be attained. In this project, the CFD （Computational Fluid Dynamics） soffware--ANSYS Fluent was used to simulate the ambient temperature and velocity fields inside the refrigerator and in that way to validate the measured results.
基金supported by Egas Moniz Cooperativa de Ensino Superior.ST was supported by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia project 02/SAICT/2017/029656 and iNOVA4Health-UIDB/04462/2020a program financially supported by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia/Ministério da Educação e Ciência,Portugal,through national funds and co-funded by FEDER under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement.
文摘Epidemiological studies have reported an increased risk of Parkinson’s disease(PD)development in amphetamine-type stimulant users during their lifetime(Garwood et al.,2006;Rumpf et al.,2017).Protein inclusions mainly composed of misfolded and aggregatedα-synuclein are the pathological hallmark of PD and other disorders known as synucleinopathies.Molecular studies present evidence that amphetamine upregulatesα-synuclein synthesis in substantia nigra.The increment ofα-synuclein levels promotes its aggregation and amyloid fibril formation,increasing reactive oxygen species(ROS),and consequently dopamine oxidation(Wang and Witt,2014),known to be toxic for dopaminergic neurons involved in motor function and limbicmotor integration.Over the years,these damaged cells lose their functionality and may die precociously,depleting the reserve of neural cells necessary for the normal neurological function which contributes to the onset of PD,when a critical number of cells are lost(Garwood et al.,2006).Therefore,the use of amphetamine-type stimulants may be a trigger event in the development of PD and parkinsonism,in conjugation to other risk factors that a given individual may hold.Despite the evidence,a previous study suggests that there is not enough data to corroborate the loss of dopamine neurons due to human amphetamine-type stimulant exposure,and consequently its implication in the PD development(Kish et al.,2017).
文摘A 54-year-old diabetic male, with idiopathic CD4 + lymphocytopenia, was presented with a two-month history of headache and periocular pain followed by vertigo, left hypoacusia and left peripheral facial palsy and hypoesthesia. More than a month after admission, a palate ulcer appeared and Infectious Diseases consultation was required. Mucormycosis was suspected and the diagnosis was confirmed by histologic examination. Despite early surgery and combination antifungal therapy, the patient did not survive. This case report illustrates the difficulty in diagnosing a rare condition with non-specific clinical manifestations and underlines the importance of a timely multidisciplinary approach in order to recognise this highly fatal disease earlier. It also describes a previously non-reported situation of mucormycosis in a patient with idiopathic CD4 + lymphocytopenia.
文摘Wind energy is considered a hope in future as a clean and sustainable energy, as can be seen by the growing number of wind farms installed all over the world. With the huge proliferation of wind farms, as an alternative to the traditional fossil power generation, the economic issues dictate the necessity of monitoring systems to optimize the availability and profits. The relatively high cost of operation and maintenance associated to wind power is a major issue. Wind turbines are most of the time located in remote areas or offshore and these factors increase the referred operation and maintenance costs. Good maintenance strategies are needed to increase the health management of wind turbines. The objective of this paper is to show the application of neural networks to analyze all the wind turbine information to identify possible future failures, based on previous information of the turbine.
基金Gratefully acknowledge financial support from FCT-Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia(Portugal),national funding through research grant(UID/SOC/04521/2013)to the ADVANCE-Advanced Research Centre in Management.
文摘Tourism is one of the activities with high benefits on the development and for many regions,enabling the integration of local populations and economies.In our natural laboratory,the Azores Island of São Miguel,an important share of tourists identifies adventure,leisure and touch with nature,as the main reasons for the visit.The use of footpaths can contribute to the satisfaction of tourists,promoting tourism and the region’s development during their movements on the tourism network,tourists appreciate different types of attractions and need the support of a set of facilities.Tourist decisions are not always done in a rational way,emotions add even more complexity to the human decision process.The movement of tourists within a destination depends on factors related to tourist characteristics,like the time budgets,preferences or destination knowledge,and destination features related to attractions characteristics or accessibility level.The existence of a mathematical model that incorporates the main factors that explain the movement of independent tourists within a destination,in a dynamic way,will make possible the creation of an adaptable software tool.This tool will meet the specific needs of tourists,allowing the use of the network in an optimal way by the different tourist profiles,and the needs of regional government and business,allowing better decisions and the offer of relevant tourism products.This article is based on the authors’previous research and identifies the relevance of tourism for regional development,finds the main tourists’mobility criteria on the study territory,using as main support for the footpath network,recognises the necessary modelling process and develops the foundation for the building of the mathematical model that explains the movement of tourists within the destination,making possible a future adaptable software tool.
文摘Objectives: This research work intends to clarify the role of artificial saliva, in particularly the role of mucin, a salivary protein, on the surface properties and adhesion ability of Candida spp. oral clinical isolates to abiotic surfaces. Methods: Four oral clinical isolates of Candida spp. were used: two Candida albicans strains (AC;AM) and two Candida parapsilosis strains (AD;AM2). The strains were isolated from patients using oral prosthesis. The microorganisms were cultured in the absence or presence of mucin and artificial saliva, and their adhesion to an abiotic surface (coated with mucin and artificial saliva) was evaluated. Results: The presence of mucin per se onto the abiotic surface decreased the adhesion of all strains, although the combination of mucin with artificial saliva had reduced this effect. No direct correlation between adhesion and the surface free energies of adhesion of the microorganisms was found. Significance: Candida spp. were human commensal microorganisms that became pathogenic when the host immune defenses were compromised. Medical devices were colonized by Candida spp. particularly, oral prostheses, which might lead to the degradation of the prostheses and systemic infections. The salivary secretions that constantly cover the oral cavity influenced Candida spp. adhesion process. Therefore, it was important to understand the interactions between Candida spp., salivary proteins and the characteristic of oral prosthesis when developing materials for oral prostheses.
文摘Background The hemostatic system is complex and evolves continuously since gestation and well into the adult years,in a process known as“developmental hemostasis.”Data sources A comprehensive review was performed after an extensive literature search on PubMed/MEDLINE concerning developmental hemostasis during the neonatal period.Relevant cross references were also included.Results Although part of a system,each component of the hemostatic system evolves differently,with many displaying both quantitative and qualitative age-related differences.This leads to drastic disparities between the coagulation system of neonates and both other children’s and adults’,while still maintaining a generally balanced and physiological hemostasis.The motives behind this process remain to be fully elucidated but may be,at least in part,related to non-hemostatic factors.Conclusions Knowledge regarding“developmental hemostasis”is essential for everyone caring for newborns or even children in general and in this review,we describe each hemostatic system component’s neonatal characteristics and age-related progression as well as explore some of the possible physiological motives behind the process.
文摘A curvature sensor based on an Fabry-Perot （FP） interferometer was proposed. A capillary silica tube was fusion spliced between two single mode fibers, producing an FP cavity. Two FP sensors with different cavity lengths were developed and subjected to curvature and temperature. The FP sensor with longer cavity showed three distinct operating regions for the curvature measurement. Namely, a linear response was shown for an intermediate curvature radius range, presenting a maximum sensitivity of 68.52 pm/m-1. When subjected to temperature, the sensing head produced a similar response for different curvature radii, with a sensitivity varying from 0.84 pm/℃ to 0.89 pm/℃, which resulted in a small cross-sensitivity to temperature when the FP sensor was subjected to curvature. The FP cavity with shorter length presented low sensitivity to curvature.
