The saturation of the compacted bentonite buffer in the deep geological repository can cause bentonite swelling,intrusion into rock fractures,and erosion.Inevitably,erosion and subsequent bentonite mass loss due to gr...The saturation of the compacted bentonite buffer in the deep geological repository can cause bentonite swelling,intrusion into rock fractures,and erosion.Inevitably,erosion and subsequent bentonite mass loss due to groundwater inflow can aggravate the overall integrity of the engineered barrier system.Therefore,the coupled hydro-mechanical interaction between the buffer and rock during groundwater inflow and bentonite intrusion should be evaluated to guarantee the long-term safety of deep geological disposal.This study investigated the effect of bentonite erosion and intrusion on the elastic wave propagation characteristics in jointed rocks using a quasi-static resonant column test.Jointed rock specimens with different joint conditions(i.e.joint surface saturation and bentonite filling)were prepared using granite rock discs sampled from the Korea Underground Research Tunnel(KURT)and Gyeongju bentonite.The long-wavelength longitudinal and shear wave velocities were measured under different normal stress levels.A Hertzian-type power model was used to fit the wave velocities,and the relationship between the two fitted parameters provided the trend of joint conditions.Numerical simulations using three-dimensional distinct element code(3DEC)were conducted to better understand how the long-wavelength wave propagates through wet bentonite-filled rock joints.展开更多
Computer vision(CV)-based techniques have been widely used in the field of structural health monitoring(SHM)owing to ease of installation and cost-effectiveness for displacement measurement.This paper introduces compu...Computer vision(CV)-based techniques have been widely used in the field of structural health monitoring(SHM)owing to ease of installation and cost-effectiveness for displacement measurement.This paper introduces computer vision based method for robust displacement measurement under occlusion by incorporating random sample consensus(RANSAC).The proposed method uses the Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi(KLT)tracker to extract feature points for tracking,and these feature points are filtered through RANSAC to remove points that are noisy or occluded.With the filtered feature points,the proposed method incorporates Kalman filter to estimate acceleration from velocity and displacement extracted by the KLT.For validation,numerical simulation and experimental validation are conducted.In the simulation,performance of the proposed RANSAC filtering was validated to extract correct displacement out of group of displacements that includes dummy displacement with noise or bias.In the experiment,both RANSAC filtering and acceleration measurement were validated by partially occluding the target for tracking attached on the structure.The results demonstrated that the proposed method successfully measures displacement and estimates acceleration as compared to a reference displacement sensor and accelerometer,even under occluded conditions.展开更多
Elevated fibroblast growth factor 23(FGF23)in X-linked hypophosphatemia(XLH)results in rickets and phosphate wasting,manifesting by severe bone and dental abnormalities.Burosumab,a FGF23-neutralizing antibody,an alter...Elevated fibroblast growth factor 23(FGF23)in X-linked hypophosphatemia(XLH)results in rickets and phosphate wasting,manifesting by severe bone and dental abnormalities.Burosumab,a FGF23-neutralizing antibody,an alternative to conventional treatment(phosphorus and active vitamin D analogs),showed significant improvement in the long bone phenotype.Here,we examined whether FGF23 antibody(FGF23-mAb)also improved the dentoalveolar features associated with XLH.Four-week-old male Hyp mice were injected weekly with 4 or 16 mg·kg−1 of FGF23-mAb for 2 months and compared to wild-type(WT)and vehicle(PBS)treated Hyp mice(n=3–7 mice).Micro-CT analyses showed that both doses of FGF23-mAb restored dentin/cementum volume and corrected the enlarged pulp volume in Hyp mice,the higher concentration resulting in a rescue similar to WT levels.FGF23-mAb treatment also improved alveolar bone volume fraction and mineral density compared to vehicle-treated ones.Histology revealed improved mineralization of the dentoalveolar tissues,with a decreased amount of osteoid,predentin and cementoid.Better periodontal ligament attachment was also observed,evidenced by restoration of the acellular cementum.These preclinical data were consistent with the retrospective analysis of two patients with XLH showing that burosumab treatment improved oral features.Taken together,our data show that the dentoalveolar tissues are greatly improved by FGF23-mAb treatment,heralding its benefit in clinics for dental abnormalities.展开更多
Microstructure and texture of Ti-Nb-Si based alloys, prepared by water quenching from β-phase field, cold rolling and recrystallization heat treatment followed by water quenching, were investigated in terms of optica...Microstructure and texture of Ti-Nb-Si based alloys, prepared by water quenching from β-phase field, cold rolling and recrystallization heat treatment followed by water quenching, were investigated in terms of optical microstructure and analysis of X-ray pole figure result. In as-quenched sample, relatively random distribution of pole figure was detected without showing a specific texture component. In as-cold rolled sample, however, it is found well-developed several texture components consisting of rotated cube, α-fiber and γ-fiber texture components which are frequently observed in bcc-structured metals and alloys were found. Therefore, texture components developed in the present alloys are closely related to the deformation of β-phase even though small amount of α″ phase co-exist in the microstructure. In recrystallized sample, α-fiber texture component is weakly detected while the other texture components, rotated cube and γ-fiber components, appears to be relatively unchanged. No additional texture components were detected besides those texture components observed in the cold rolled samples.展开更多
Smart farming solutions combine information,data software tools,and technology with the intent to improve agricultural production.While smart farming concepts are well described in the literature,the potential societa...Smart farming solutions combine information,data software tools,and technology with the intent to improve agricultural production.While smart farming concepts are well described in the literature,the potential societal impacts of smart farming are less conspicuous.To demonstrate how smart farming solutions could influence future agricultural production,agri-business and rural communities and their constituents,this article compares smart farming approaches and reasons behind the pursuit of smart farming solutions by the U.S.and South Korea.The article compares agricultural assets and productivity among the two countries as well as the technical and societal challenges impacting agricultural production as a basis to understanding the motivations behind and pathways for developing smart farming solutions.In doing so,the article compares some of the technological and social advantages and disadvantages of smart farming,dependending on the choice and implementation of smart farming solutions.The South Korean government has implemented a national policy to establish smart farming communities;a concept that addresses the entire agri-food supply chain.In the U.S.,a national plan to develop smart farming technologies does not exist.However,discrete smart farming solutions driven mainly by competition in the private sector have resulted in high-tech solutions that are advancing smart farming concepts.The differences in approaches and reporting of successes and failures between the two countries could facilitate the rate of evolution of successful smart farming solutions,and moreover,could provide pathways to facilitate sustainable development goals in developing countries where smart farming activities are currently underway.展开更多
A novel route to nanocomposites containing surface modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs) by silica thin film is reported.The effect of chemical oxidation on the surface of MWCNTs by using different acid-treatm...A novel route to nanocomposites containing surface modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs) by silica thin film is reported.The effect of chemical oxidation on the surface of MWCNTs by using different acid-treatments is studied.The acidic processes are characterized by Raman spectroscopy,thermogravimetry analysis,scanning electron microscopy,and transmission electron microscopy.MWCNTs can be coated homogeneously with silica film by using tetraethoxysilane(TEOS) as a precursor in a sol-gel process.Varying the shell thickness of amorphous silica coating layers on MWCNTs exhibits excellent thermal stability,reliability,and lifetime of field emission properties,especially down to less than 10 nm.展开更多
Callovo-Oxfordian(COx)claystone has been considered as a potential host rock for geological radioactive waste disposal in France(Cigéo project).During the exploitation phase(100 years),the stability of drifts(e.g...Callovo-Oxfordian(COx)claystone has been considered as a potential host rock for geological radioactive waste disposal in France(Cigéo project).During the exploitation phase(100 years),the stability of drifts(e.g.galleries/alveoli)within the disposal is assured by the liner,which includes two layers:concrete arch segment and compressible material.The latter exhibits a significant deformation capacity(about 50%)under low stress(<3 MPa).Although the response of these underground structures can be governed by complex thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling,the creep behavior of COx claystone has been considered as the main factor controlling the increase of stress state in the concrete liner and hence the long-term stability of drifts.Therefore,by focusing only on the purely mechanical behavior,this study aims at investigating the uncertainty effect of the COx claystone time-dependent properties on the stability of an alveolus of Cigéo during the exploitation period.To describe the creep behavior of COx claystone,we use Lemaitre’s viscoplastic model with three parameters whose uncertainties are identified from laboratory creep tests.For the reliability analysis,an extension of a well-known Kriging metamodeling technique is proposed to assess the exceedance probability of acceptable stress in the concrete liner of the alveolus.The open-source code Code_Aster is chosen for the direct numerical evaluations of the performance function.The Kriging-based reliability analysis elucidates the effect of the uncertainty of COx claystone on the long-term stability of the concrete liner.Moreover,the role of the compressible material layer between the concrete liner and the host rock is also highlighted.展开更多
This paper proposes a novel method for color restoration that can effectively apply accurate color based on spectral information to a segmented image using the normalized cut technique.Using the proposed method,we can...This paper proposes a novel method for color restoration that can effectively apply accurate color based on spectral information to a segmented image using the normalized cut technique.Using the proposed method,we can obtain a digital still camera image and spectral information in different environments.Also,it is not necessary to estimate reflectance spectra using a spectral database such as other methods.The synthesized images are accurate and high resolution.The proposed method effectively works in making digital archive contents.Some experimental results are demonstrated in this paper.展开更多
It is known that the consumption of bacteria such as lactobacilli and bifidobacteria has beneficial effects on human immune function. Most of them are Gram-positive bacteria, and there are few reports on Gram-negative...It is known that the consumption of bacteria such as lactobacilli and bifidobacteria has beneficial effects on human immune function. Most of them are Gram-positive bacteria, and there are few reports on Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, we evaluated the effects of intake of Gluconacetobacter hansenii GK-1 (GK-1), Gram-negative acetic acid bacteria, for 12 weeks on physical condition and immune indices. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study in 100 healthy adults. The subjects were randomized into the GK-1 and the placebo groups. The diary-administered physical condition survey was conducted during the study period. The evaluation of salivary sIgA levels, NK-cell activity, and serum IFN-γ levels and quality of life survey was conducted before, in 6 weeks, and 12 weeks after the start of ingestion. Based on the physical condition survey, the cumulative onset-days of symptoms were significantly suppressed in the GK-1 group compared to the placebo group regarding the evaluation of 13 symptoms related to immunity, every 3 weeks. Additionally, salivary sIgA levels per hour were significantly increased in the GK-1 group compared with the placebo group at 6 and 12 weeks. Despite no significant differences in the NK-cell activity, serum IFN-γ levels or quality of life survey between the groups. Serum IFN-γ levels in the GK-1 group were significantly elevated at 12 weeks after the start of ingestion compared with those before ingestion. In conclusion, intake of GK-1 was shown to increase salivary sIgA levels and improve physical condition. This suggested that oral intake of GK-1 may help maintain the immune system.展开更多
We report the synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives using zinc triflate as an efficient catalyst. One-pot synthesis of 2-substituted benzimidazole derivatives from o-phynelyenediamine and substituted aldehydes were d...We report the synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives using zinc triflate as an efficient catalyst. One-pot synthesis of 2-substituted benzimidazole derivatives from o-phynelyenediamine and substituted aldehydes were developed under zinc triflate in ethanol solvent at reflux temperature.展开更多
Sorafenib,a multikinase inhibitor used for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma,is limited by its low oral bioavailability.To overcome this drawback,we have developed novel camel milk casein-derived nanoparticles...Sorafenib,a multikinase inhibitor used for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma,is limited by its low oral bioavailability.To overcome this drawback,we have developed novel camel milk casein-derived nanoparticles as a drug delivery system.Camel milk casein is not only biocompatible on oral administration but is actually a dietary protein of pharmaceutical relevance.Casein is used because of its amphiphilic nature,self-assembling property,ability to show sustained release,and capability of encapsulating both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs.In this study,camel milk casein nanoparticles loaded with sorafenib were developed and characterized.Characterization of casein nanoparticles was done by dynamic light scattering(DLS),zeta potential analysis,scanning light microscopy(SEM),and FTIR.The drug content in nanoparticle and drug-protein binding studies were conducted by UV spectroscopy.The cytotoxicity and cellular uptake efficiency studies were performed in HepG2 cell lines.It was observed that the cytotoxic effect of sorafenib loaded camel milk casein nanoparticles was more than free sorafenib in HepG2 cells.This work suggests camel milk casein as a suitable drug delivery molecule for sorafenib.In the future,it may also be used in enhancing the efficacy and specific distribution of other water-insoluble anticancer drugs.展开更多
Blended oils have many uses when compared with single oils,due to presence of high Omega9 levels.They help in brain development and reduce the risk of heart diseases.This investigation of blended oils was chosen takin...Blended oils have many uses when compared with single oils,due to presence of high Omega9 levels.They help in brain development and reduce the risk of heart diseases.This investigation of blended oils was chosen taking into consideration the regular use of coconut oil(CO),palm oil(PAO),peanut oil(PO),and groundnut oil(GO),and using these blends three popular South Indian snacks were prepared.The oil blending was in the proportion of 50:50 using four different oils.This study includes the physicochemical properties of blended oils such as their p H,colour,nutritional assessment,and changes in the parameters of mixed oils.Additionally,these oil mixes were utilized for preparing different types of gram flour snacks including potato fries,pakoda,and karasev.The shelf life of the snacks was studied,considering the changes in their synthetic and tangible attributes.The changes seen in the oil separated from the fried items were very close to that of the control.Tangible assessment of the prepared fritters showed that they were synthetically safe to eat for up to two weeks.Six oil blends(CO:PO,CO:PAO,CO:GO,PO:GO,PO:PAO,and GO:PAO)were prepared successfully.Among the blended oils,coconut oil with peanut oil showed the highest spread ability,while groundnut oil with palm oil showed the lowest spread ability.The coconut and groundnut oil blend showed the highest ratio(58.8%)of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids.Polyunsaturated linoleic acid(18:2;24.3%),α-linoleic acid(18:2;5%),oleic acid(18:1;25%),capric acid(2.8%),lauric acid(1.8%),myristic acid(1.6%),palmitic acid(16:0;14.5%),and steric acid(18:0;9.2%)were seen in the coconut and groundnut oil blend.The palm and peanut oil blend showed the least ratio(51.4%)for unsaturated and saturated oils,with oleic acid(21%),lauric acid(1.9%),andα-linoleic acid(2%).Among all the blended oils,coconut oil mixed with groundnut oil showed the highest level of acceptability for gram flour products.The content of free fatty acids was very high in the combination of palm and peanut oil.The three gram flour products prepared using blends of coconut oil and groundnut oil showed good appearance(8%),flavour of the product prepared with combinations of groundnut(refined)oil has high acceptability,good texture(8%),high acceptability(8%)in taste and overall acceptability of sensory evaluation.These blends in the future may develop good quality oils giving a high shelf life to food products.展开更多
There is considerable interest in quantitatively measuring nucleic acids from single cells to small populations. The most commonly employed laboratory method is the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyzed w...There is considerable interest in quantitatively measuring nucleic acids from single cells to small populations. The most commonly employed laboratory method is the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyzed with the crossing point or crossing threshold (Ct) method. Utilizing a multiwell plate reader we have performed hundreds of replicate reactions each at a set of initial conditions whose initial number of copies span a concentration range of ten orders of magnitude. The resultant Ct value distributions are analyzed with standard and novel statistical techniques to assess the variability/reliability of the PCR process. Our analysis supports the following conclusions. Given sufficient replicates, the mean and/or median Ct values are statistically distinguishable and can be rank ordered across ten orders of magnitude in initial template concentration. As expected, the variances in the Ct distributions grow as the number of initial copies declines to 1. We demonstrate that these variances are large enough to confound quantitative classi?cation of the initial condition at low template concentrations. The data indicate that a misclassi?cation transition is centered around 3000 initial copies of template DNA and that the transition region correlates with independent data on the thermal wear of the TAQ polymerase enzyme. We provide data that indicate that an alternative endpoint detection strategy based on the theory of well mixing and plate ?lling statistics is accurate below the mis- classi?cation transition where the real time method becomes unreliable.展开更多
We presented a control strategy for tablet manufacturing processes based on continuous direct compression.The work was conducted by the experts of pharmaceutical companies,machine suppliers,academia,and regulatory aut...We presented a control strategy for tablet manufacturing processes based on continuous direct compression.The work was conducted by the experts of pharmaceutical companies,machine suppliers,academia,and regulatory authority in Japan.Among different items in the process,the component ratio and blended powder content were selected as the items requiring the control method specific to continuous manufacturing different from the conventional batch manufacturing.The control and management of the Loss in Weight(LIW)feeder were deemed the most important,and the Residence Time Distribution(RTD)model were regarded effective for setting the control range and for controlling of the LIW feeder.Based on these ideas,the concept of process control using RTD was summarized.展开更多
基金funding support from the Nuclear Research and Development Program of the National Research Foundation of Korea(Grant Nos.2021M2E1A1085193 and 2020M2C9A1062949).
文摘The saturation of the compacted bentonite buffer in the deep geological repository can cause bentonite swelling,intrusion into rock fractures,and erosion.Inevitably,erosion and subsequent bentonite mass loss due to groundwater inflow can aggravate the overall integrity of the engineered barrier system.Therefore,the coupled hydro-mechanical interaction between the buffer and rock during groundwater inflow and bentonite intrusion should be evaluated to guarantee the long-term safety of deep geological disposal.This study investigated the effect of bentonite erosion and intrusion on the elastic wave propagation characteristics in jointed rocks using a quasi-static resonant column test.Jointed rock specimens with different joint conditions(i.e.joint surface saturation and bentonite filling)were prepared using granite rock discs sampled from the Korea Underground Research Tunnel(KURT)and Gyeongju bentonite.The long-wavelength longitudinal and shear wave velocities were measured under different normal stress levels.A Hertzian-type power model was used to fit the wave velocities,and the relationship between the two fitted parameters provided the trend of joint conditions.Numerical simulations using three-dimensional distinct element code(3DEC)were conducted to better understand how the long-wavelength wave propagates through wet bentonite-filled rock joints.
基金National R&D Project for Smart Construction Technology (RS-2020-KA156887) funded by the Korea Agency for Infrastructure Technology Advancement under the Ministry of Land, InfrastructureTransport and managed by the Korea Expressway Corporation and National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Grant (NRF-2021R1A6A3A13046053)the Chung-Ang University Research grants in 2022。
文摘Computer vision(CV)-based techniques have been widely used in the field of structural health monitoring(SHM)owing to ease of installation and cost-effectiveness for displacement measurement.This paper introduces computer vision based method for robust displacement measurement under occlusion by incorporating random sample consensus(RANSAC).The proposed method uses the Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi(KLT)tracker to extract feature points for tracking,and these feature points are filtered through RANSAC to remove points that are noisy or occluded.With the filtered feature points,the proposed method incorporates Kalman filter to estimate acceleration from velocity and displacement extracted by the KLT.For validation,numerical simulation and experimental validation are conducted.In the simulation,performance of the proposed RANSAC filtering was validated to extract correct displacement out of group of displacements that includes dummy displacement with noise or bias.In the experiment,both RANSAC filtering and acceleration measurement were validated by partially occluding the target for tracking attached on the structure.The results demonstrated that the proposed method successfully measures displacement and estimates acceleration as compared to a reference displacement sensor and accelerometer,even under occluded conditions.
基金supported by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche grant Hyposkel 18-CE14-0018-01 to C Bardetsupported by the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (SPF202209015771)+2 种基金supported by France Life Imaging (grant ANR-11-INBS-0006)Infrastructures Biologie-SanteDIM Therapie Génique
文摘Elevated fibroblast growth factor 23(FGF23)in X-linked hypophosphatemia(XLH)results in rickets and phosphate wasting,manifesting by severe bone and dental abnormalities.Burosumab,a FGF23-neutralizing antibody,an alternative to conventional treatment(phosphorus and active vitamin D analogs),showed significant improvement in the long bone phenotype.Here,we examined whether FGF23 antibody(FGF23-mAb)also improved the dentoalveolar features associated with XLH.Four-week-old male Hyp mice were injected weekly with 4 or 16 mg·kg−1 of FGF23-mAb for 2 months and compared to wild-type(WT)and vehicle(PBS)treated Hyp mice(n=3–7 mice).Micro-CT analyses showed that both doses of FGF23-mAb restored dentin/cementum volume and corrected the enlarged pulp volume in Hyp mice,the higher concentration resulting in a rescue similar to WT levels.FGF23-mAb treatment also improved alveolar bone volume fraction and mineral density compared to vehicle-treated ones.Histology revealed improved mineralization of the dentoalveolar tissues,with a decreased amount of osteoid,predentin and cementoid.Better periodontal ligament attachment was also observed,evidenced by restoration of the acellular cementum.These preclinical data were consistent with the retrospective analysis of two patients with XLH showing that burosumab treatment improved oral features.Taken together,our data show that the dentoalveolar tissues are greatly improved by FGF23-mAb treatment,heralding its benefit in clinics for dental abnormalities.
文摘Microstructure and texture of Ti-Nb-Si based alloys, prepared by water quenching from β-phase field, cold rolling and recrystallization heat treatment followed by water quenching, were investigated in terms of optical microstructure and analysis of X-ray pole figure result. In as-quenched sample, relatively random distribution of pole figure was detected without showing a specific texture component. In as-cold rolled sample, however, it is found well-developed several texture components consisting of rotated cube, α-fiber and γ-fiber texture components which are frequently observed in bcc-structured metals and alloys were found. Therefore, texture components developed in the present alloys are closely related to the deformation of β-phase even though small amount of α″ phase co-exist in the microstructure. In recrystallized sample, α-fiber texture component is weakly detected while the other texture components, rotated cube and γ-fiber components, appears to be relatively unchanged. No additional texture components were detected besides those texture components observed in the cold rolled samples.
基金This work was funded in part by the ARS RDA Virtual Laboratory(RAVL)Program,Agreement No.58-0210-4-001-FProject"Application of wireless sensor network for crop growth monitoring and irrigation control".
文摘Smart farming solutions combine information,data software tools,and technology with the intent to improve agricultural production.While smart farming concepts are well described in the literature,the potential societal impacts of smart farming are less conspicuous.To demonstrate how smart farming solutions could influence future agricultural production,agri-business and rural communities and their constituents,this article compares smart farming approaches and reasons behind the pursuit of smart farming solutions by the U.S.and South Korea.The article compares agricultural assets and productivity among the two countries as well as the technical and societal challenges impacting agricultural production as a basis to understanding the motivations behind and pathways for developing smart farming solutions.In doing so,the article compares some of the technological and social advantages and disadvantages of smart farming,dependending on the choice and implementation of smart farming solutions.The South Korean government has implemented a national policy to establish smart farming communities;a concept that addresses the entire agri-food supply chain.In the U.S.,a national plan to develop smart farming technologies does not exist.However,discrete smart farming solutions driven mainly by competition in the private sector have resulted in high-tech solutions that are advancing smart farming concepts.The differences in approaches and reporting of successes and failures between the two countries could facilitate the rate of evolution of successful smart farming solutions,and moreover,could provide pathways to facilitate sustainable development goals in developing countries where smart farming activities are currently underway.
文摘A novel route to nanocomposites containing surface modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs) by silica thin film is reported.The effect of chemical oxidation on the surface of MWCNTs by using different acid-treatments is studied.The acidic processes are characterized by Raman spectroscopy,thermogravimetry analysis,scanning electron microscopy,and transmission electron microscopy.MWCNTs can be coated homogeneously with silica film by using tetraethoxysilane(TEOS) as a precursor in a sol-gel process.Varying the shell thickness of amorphous silica coating layers on MWCNTs exhibits excellent thermal stability,reliability,and lifetime of field emission properties,especially down to less than 10 nm.
文摘Callovo-Oxfordian(COx)claystone has been considered as a potential host rock for geological radioactive waste disposal in France(Cigéo project).During the exploitation phase(100 years),the stability of drifts(e.g.galleries/alveoli)within the disposal is assured by the liner,which includes two layers:concrete arch segment and compressible material.The latter exhibits a significant deformation capacity(about 50%)under low stress(<3 MPa).Although the response of these underground structures can be governed by complex thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling,the creep behavior of COx claystone has been considered as the main factor controlling the increase of stress state in the concrete liner and hence the long-term stability of drifts.Therefore,by focusing only on the purely mechanical behavior,this study aims at investigating the uncertainty effect of the COx claystone time-dependent properties on the stability of an alveolus of Cigéo during the exploitation period.To describe the creep behavior of COx claystone,we use Lemaitre’s viscoplastic model with three parameters whose uncertainties are identified from laboratory creep tests.For the reliability analysis,an extension of a well-known Kriging metamodeling technique is proposed to assess the exceedance probability of acceptable stress in the concrete liner of the alveolus.The open-source code Code_Aster is chosen for the direct numerical evaluations of the performance function.The Kriging-based reliability analysis elucidates the effect of the uncertainty of COx claystone on the long-term stability of the concrete liner.Moreover,the role of the compressible material layer between the concrete liner and the host rock is also highlighted.
基金This work was supported by Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, under the leading project "Development of High Fidelity Digitization Software for Large-scale and Intangible Cultural Assets"
文摘This paper proposes a novel method for color restoration that can effectively apply accurate color based on spectral information to a segmented image using the normalized cut technique.Using the proposed method,we can obtain a digital still camera image and spectral information in different environments.Also,it is not necessary to estimate reflectance spectra using a spectral database such as other methods.The synthesized images are accurate and high resolution.The proposed method effectively works in making digital archive contents.Some experimental results are demonstrated in this paper.
文摘It is known that the consumption of bacteria such as lactobacilli and bifidobacteria has beneficial effects on human immune function. Most of them are Gram-positive bacteria, and there are few reports on Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, we evaluated the effects of intake of Gluconacetobacter hansenii GK-1 (GK-1), Gram-negative acetic acid bacteria, for 12 weeks on physical condition and immune indices. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study in 100 healthy adults. The subjects were randomized into the GK-1 and the placebo groups. The diary-administered physical condition survey was conducted during the study period. The evaluation of salivary sIgA levels, NK-cell activity, and serum IFN-γ levels and quality of life survey was conducted before, in 6 weeks, and 12 weeks after the start of ingestion. Based on the physical condition survey, the cumulative onset-days of symptoms were significantly suppressed in the GK-1 group compared to the placebo group regarding the evaluation of 13 symptoms related to immunity, every 3 weeks. Additionally, salivary sIgA levels per hour were significantly increased in the GK-1 group compared with the placebo group at 6 and 12 weeks. Despite no significant differences in the NK-cell activity, serum IFN-γ levels or quality of life survey between the groups. Serum IFN-γ levels in the GK-1 group were significantly elevated at 12 weeks after the start of ingestion compared with those before ingestion. In conclusion, intake of GK-1 was shown to increase salivary sIgA levels and improve physical condition. This suggested that oral intake of GK-1 may help maintain the immune system.
文摘We report the synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives using zinc triflate as an efficient catalyst. One-pot synthesis of 2-substituted benzimidazole derivatives from o-phynelyenediamine and substituted aldehydes were developed under zinc triflate in ethanol solvent at reflux temperature.
文摘Sorafenib,a multikinase inhibitor used for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma,is limited by its low oral bioavailability.To overcome this drawback,we have developed novel camel milk casein-derived nanoparticles as a drug delivery system.Camel milk casein is not only biocompatible on oral administration but is actually a dietary protein of pharmaceutical relevance.Casein is used because of its amphiphilic nature,self-assembling property,ability to show sustained release,and capability of encapsulating both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs.In this study,camel milk casein nanoparticles loaded with sorafenib were developed and characterized.Characterization of casein nanoparticles was done by dynamic light scattering(DLS),zeta potential analysis,scanning light microscopy(SEM),and FTIR.The drug content in nanoparticle and drug-protein binding studies were conducted by UV spectroscopy.The cytotoxicity and cellular uptake efficiency studies were performed in HepG2 cell lines.It was observed that the cytotoxic effect of sorafenib loaded camel milk casein nanoparticles was more than free sorafenib in HepG2 cells.This work suggests camel milk casein as a suitable drug delivery molecule for sorafenib.In the future,it may also be used in enhancing the efficacy and specific distribution of other water-insoluble anticancer drugs.
文摘Blended oils have many uses when compared with single oils,due to presence of high Omega9 levels.They help in brain development and reduce the risk of heart diseases.This investigation of blended oils was chosen taking into consideration the regular use of coconut oil(CO),palm oil(PAO),peanut oil(PO),and groundnut oil(GO),and using these blends three popular South Indian snacks were prepared.The oil blending was in the proportion of 50:50 using four different oils.This study includes the physicochemical properties of blended oils such as their p H,colour,nutritional assessment,and changes in the parameters of mixed oils.Additionally,these oil mixes were utilized for preparing different types of gram flour snacks including potato fries,pakoda,and karasev.The shelf life of the snacks was studied,considering the changes in their synthetic and tangible attributes.The changes seen in the oil separated from the fried items were very close to that of the control.Tangible assessment of the prepared fritters showed that they were synthetically safe to eat for up to two weeks.Six oil blends(CO:PO,CO:PAO,CO:GO,PO:GO,PO:PAO,and GO:PAO)were prepared successfully.Among the blended oils,coconut oil with peanut oil showed the highest spread ability,while groundnut oil with palm oil showed the lowest spread ability.The coconut and groundnut oil blend showed the highest ratio(58.8%)of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids.Polyunsaturated linoleic acid(18:2;24.3%),α-linoleic acid(18:2;5%),oleic acid(18:1;25%),capric acid(2.8%),lauric acid(1.8%),myristic acid(1.6%),palmitic acid(16:0;14.5%),and steric acid(18:0;9.2%)were seen in the coconut and groundnut oil blend.The palm and peanut oil blend showed the least ratio(51.4%)for unsaturated and saturated oils,with oleic acid(21%),lauric acid(1.9%),andα-linoleic acid(2%).Among all the blended oils,coconut oil mixed with groundnut oil showed the highest level of acceptability for gram flour products.The content of free fatty acids was very high in the combination of palm and peanut oil.The three gram flour products prepared using blends of coconut oil and groundnut oil showed good appearance(8%),flavour of the product prepared with combinations of groundnut(refined)oil has high acceptability,good texture(8%),high acceptability(8%)in taste and overall acceptability of sensory evaluation.These blends in the future may develop good quality oils giving a high shelf life to food products.
基金partially supported through NSF-DMS 0443855NSF ECS 0601528+1 种基金NIH EB009235the short-lived W.M.Keck Foundation Grant#062014.
文摘There is considerable interest in quantitatively measuring nucleic acids from single cells to small populations. The most commonly employed laboratory method is the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyzed with the crossing point or crossing threshold (Ct) method. Utilizing a multiwell plate reader we have performed hundreds of replicate reactions each at a set of initial conditions whose initial number of copies span a concentration range of ten orders of magnitude. The resultant Ct value distributions are analyzed with standard and novel statistical techniques to assess the variability/reliability of the PCR process. Our analysis supports the following conclusions. Given sufficient replicates, the mean and/or median Ct values are statistically distinguishable and can be rank ordered across ten orders of magnitude in initial template concentration. As expected, the variances in the Ct distributions grow as the number of initial copies declines to 1. We demonstrate that these variances are large enough to confound quantitative classi?cation of the initial condition at low template concentrations. The data indicate that a misclassi?cation transition is centered around 3000 initial copies of template DNA and that the transition region correlates with independent data on the thermal wear of the TAQ polymerase enzyme. We provide data that indicate that an alternative endpoint detection strategy based on the theory of well mixing and plate ?lling statistics is accurate below the mis- classi?cation transition where the real time method becomes unreliable.
文摘We presented a control strategy for tablet manufacturing processes based on continuous direct compression.The work was conducted by the experts of pharmaceutical companies,machine suppliers,academia,and regulatory authority in Japan.Among different items in the process,the component ratio and blended powder content were selected as the items requiring the control method specific to continuous manufacturing different from the conventional batch manufacturing.The control and management of the Loss in Weight(LIW)feeder were deemed the most important,and the Residence Time Distribution(RTD)model were regarded effective for setting the control range and for controlling of the LIW feeder.Based on these ideas,the concept of process control using RTD was summarized.
