Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in most countries and regions,accounting for about ten million deaths each year worldwide.Despite the endeavors and achievements made in treating cancer during the past dec...Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in most countries and regions,accounting for about ten million deaths each year worldwide.Despite the endeavors and achievements made in treating cancer during the past decades,rapid resistance to the current clinically used targeted drugs or targeted chemotherapeutic agents continues to be a major problem in cancer therapies.Moreover,many cancer patients are suffering from tumor complications or cancer-related symptoms.Traditional medicine has been practiced for thousands of years and is also currently diffusely used worldwide as an alternative therapy for cancer.Areas of investigation of traditional medicine in cancer treatment,such as traditional formulas,chemical components derived from herbal medicines,and acupuncture,have received increasing attention,especially in recent years.Here,we included selected studies reported last year regarding traditional medicine for cancer treatment in an attempt to summarize the most relevant findings,providing a valuable reference for the future investigation of traditional medicine in the cancer field.展开更多
In this work,a new pyrylium derivatization-assisted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)method was developed for metabolite profiling of the glutathione anabolic pathway(GAP)in cancer tissues and cells.The p...In this work,a new pyrylium derivatization-assisted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)method was developed for metabolite profiling of the glutathione anabolic pathway(GAP)in cancer tissues and cells.The pyrylium salt of 6,7-dimethoxy-3-methyl isochromenylium tetrafluoroborate(DMMIC)was used to label the amino group of metabolites,and a reductant of dithiothreitol(DTT)was employed to stabilize the thiol group.By combining DMMIC derivatization with LC-MS,it was feasible to quantify the 13 main metabolites on the GAP in complex biological samples,which had good linearity(R^(2)=0.99810.9999),precision(interday precision of 1.6%e19.0%and intraday precision of 1.4%e19.8%)and accuracy(83.4%-115.7%).Moreover,the recovery assessments in tissues(82.5%e107.3%)and in cells(98.1%e118.9%)with GSH-^(13)C2,^(15)N,and Cys-^(15)N demonstrated the reliability of the method in detecting tissues and cells.Following a methodological evaluation,the method was applied successfully to investigate difference in the GAP between the carcinoma and para-carcinoma tissues of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)and the effect of p-hydroxycinnamaldehyde(CMSP)on the GAP in KYSE150 esophageal cancer cells.The results demonstrate that the developed method provides a promising new tool to elucidate the roles of GAP in physiological and pathological processes,which can contribute to research on drugs and diseases.展开更多
Qing Fei Xiao Yan Wan had been incorporated into the existing “Chinese Pharmacopoeia”, protected by patents. The manufacturing process of it was scientific and its compatibility was reasonable. It was also shown by ...Qing Fei Xiao Yan Wan had been incorporated into the existing “Chinese Pharmacopoeia”, protected by patents. The manufacturing process of it was scientific and its compatibility was reasonable. It was also shown by clinical trials that the efficacy is exact. Clinical trials and experiment studies had confirmed the efficacy and some mechanism for the treatment of respiratory diseases, which were summaried in this paper. Combined with the experimental results (published in another paper), the other prospect application was further discussed.展开更多
Objective:Hemorrhoidal disease(HD)is the most common proctological disease,with an estimated prevalence rate of 4.4%,and a peak in individuals between 45 and 65 years of age.This study was done to evaluate whether Lia...Objective:Hemorrhoidal disease(HD)is the most common proctological disease,with an estimated prevalence rate of 4.4%,and a peak in individuals between 45 and 65 years of age.This study was done to evaluate whether Lian-Zhi-San(LZS),a clinically used anti-hemorrhoidal ointment could alleviate the inflammatory injury,with its associated changes of inflammatory cytokines and morphology of anorectal tissues,in an experimental model of HD in rats.Methods:HD was induced by croton oil preparation(COP)applied to the anorectal region.Rats were then treated with cotton swabs soaked in LZS ointment,water or white vaseline,twice a day for 7 d.At the end of the experiment,HD was evaluated by measuring hemorrhoidal and biochemical parameters along with histopathological observations.Results:In this study,COP induced a significant increase in the macroscopic severity score,anorectal coefficient and Evans blue extravasation,compared to normal rats.Additionally,it greatly enhanced the expression and secretion levels of some important inflammation-related cytokines along with marked histological damage,compared to normal rats.Rats treated with LZS ointment experienced significantly ameliorated Evans blue extravasation(P<0.05),decreased macroscopic severity score(0.86±0.14 vs.1.65±0.16)and the anorectal coefficient(P<0.01);its use also attenuated tissue damage and inhibited the expression and secretion levels of inflammation-related cytokines(interleukin-1 b,interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-a).Conclusion:This study validates a preliminary understanding of the use of LZS ointment to treat inflammatory factors and tissue damage in an experimental model of HD in rats.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the alleviation of scutellarein(SN)against inner blood-retinal-barrier(iBRB)dysfunction in microglia cells stimulated by hyperglycemia and to elucidate the engaged mechanism.METHODS:Microglia BV2 ce...AIM:To investigate the alleviation of scutellarein(SN)against inner blood-retinal-barrier(iBRB)dysfunction in microglia cells stimulated by hyperglycemia and to elucidate the engaged mechanism.METHODS:Microglia BV2 cells were stimulated by using 25 mmol/L D-glucose.The same concentration of mannitol(25 mmol/L)was applied as an isotonic contrast.Real-time PCR,Western-blot assay and immunofluorescence staining assay was performed.The dysfunction of iBRB in vitro was detected by using transendothelial electrical resistance(TEER)assay.Additionally,the leakage of fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC)-conjugated dextran(70 kDa)was detected.RESULTS:SN abrogated microglia BV2 cells activation and reduced the phosphorylated activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase(ERK)1/2.SN also decreased the transcriptional activation of nuclear factorκB(NFκB)and the elevated expression of tumor necrosis factorα(TNFα),interleukin(IL)-6 and IL-1βin BV2 cells treated with D-glucose(25 mmol/L).SN attenuated iBRB dysfunction in human retinal endothelial cells(HRECs)or choroid-retinal endothelial RF/6 A cells when those cells were treated with TNFα,IL-1βor IL-6,or co-cultured with microglia cells stimulated by D-glucose.Moreover,SN restored the decreased protein expression of tight junctions(TJs)in TNFα-treated HRECs and RF/6 A cells.CONCLUSION:SN not only alleviate iBRB dysfunction via directly inhibiting retinal endothelial injury caused by TNFα,IL-1βor IL-6,but also reduce the release of TNFα,IL-1βand IL-6 from microglia cells by abrogating hyperglycemia-mediated the activation of microglia cells.展开更多
P-glycoprotein(P-gp)is an important transmembrane ATP-binding cassette(ABC)drug efflux transporter expressed in various human tissues such as the intestines,liver,kidneys,and bloodbrain barrier.It limits the intracell...P-glycoprotein(P-gp)is an important transmembrane ATP-binding cassette(ABC)drug efflux transporter expressed in various human tissues such as the intestines,liver,kidneys,and bloodbrain barrier.It limits the intracellular concentration of xenobiotics by pumping them out of the cells,affecting drug pharmacokinetics and therapeutic effects.With its broad substrate specificity,it has the potential to remove a wide range of drugs from Chinese materia medica(CMM),including conventional medicines and active compounds.Increasing evidence has confirmed the superior therapeutic effectiveness of CMM in treating a wide range of diseases worldwide,as well as in conjunction with western drugs.As a result,herbal medicine-drug compounds have prompted widespread concern,with the majority of these interactions involving transporters such as P-gp.This review systematically summarizes the inhibition or induction of P-gp expression/function by active CMM compounds and the underlying regulatory mechanisms.It will aid in improving understanding of the synergistic or inhibiting effects associated with transporter P-gp as well as rational safety concerns for using CMM,particularly in combination with drugs.展开更多
A novel fluorescent probe,6-（N,N-dimethylamino）-2-naphthoylacryl acid（ACADAN） was designed and synthesized as a fluorescent sensor for Cu^2＋ in aqueous media.Significant amplification of fluorescence signals with...A novel fluorescent probe,6-（N,N-dimethylamino）-2-naphthoylacryl acid（ACADAN） was designed and synthesized as a fluorescent sensor for Cu^2＋ in aqueous media.Significant amplification of fluorescence signals without causing any discernible change of maximum fluorescence emission wavelength（λ max） was observed upon the addition of Cu^2＋.Importantly,ACADAN is capable of recognizing Cu^2＋ selectively in aqueous media in the presence of various biologically relevant metal ions and the prevalent toxic metal ions in the environment with high sensitivity（detection limit was 0.1 μmol/L）.展开更多
Objective: To analyze the potential active components and molecular mechanism of Ganlu Xiaodu MicroPill in the treatment of COVID-19 by network pharmacology and molecular docking. Methods: the active chemical constitu...Objective: To analyze the potential active components and molecular mechanism of Ganlu Xiaodu MicroPill in the treatment of COVID-19 by network pharmacology and molecular docking. Methods: the active chemical constituents and action targets of Ganlu Xiaodu MicroPill were searched by TCMSP and BATMAN-TCM platform, and the key targets were matched with the COVID-19 targets searched by CTD database. The core targets were selected and analyzed by GO and KEGG enrichment analysis by R software to predict the action mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine compound. The key component sets were docked with 3CLpro and ACE2. Results: 138 active components and 53 key targets were obtained. There are 1298 items in GO biological process, 59 items in cell composition, 62 items in molecular function, and 120 items enriched in KEGG pathway. Results: molecular docking showed that the affinity of 20 chemical components such as quercetin, luteolin and kaempferol with ACE2 and 3CLpro was higher than that of ribavirin and chloroquine. Conclusion: Ganlu Xiaodu MicroPill may regulate and interfere with SARS-CoV-2 infection through antivirus, inhibition of inflammatory factors and regulation of immunity, which fully reflects the therapeutic advantages of multi-components, multi-targets and multi-pathways of traditional Chinese medicine.展开更多
Objective:To study the mechanism of Shengsui Jiangu Capsule promoting vitamin D_(3)regulating bone turnover in rats with alcoholic osteoporosis.Methods:120 SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:model group(al...Objective:To study the mechanism of Shengsui Jiangu Capsule promoting vitamin D_(3)regulating bone turnover in rats with alcoholic osteoporosis.Methods:120 SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:model group(alcoholic osteoporosis model group),blank control group,western medicine control group(calcium carbonate tablet and affa D_(3)control group),Chinese medicine experimental group(Shengsui Jiangu capsule experimental group),30 rats in each group.After 8,12 and 16 weeks,the serum levels of 25 hydroxyvitamin D_(3)(25(OH)D_(3)),1,25dihydroxyvitamin D_(3)(1,25(OH)_(2)D_(3)),cross-linked carboxy-terminal peptide of type 1 collagen(β-CTX)and N-terminal propeptide of type 1 collagen(P1NP)in rats and the density of the femur of rats were detected and compared.The correlation between vitamin D_(3)markers(25(OH)D_(3)and 1,25(OH)_(2)D_(3))and bone turnover indices(P1NP andβ-CTX)and bone mineral density was analyzed.Results:In the experimental group,bone mineral density(BMD)was significantly increased(P<0.01),bone repair and mineral stability and balance were maintained during bone turnover,the level of bone formation marker P1NP was significantly increased(P<0.01),and the level of bone resorption markerβ-CTX was significantly decreased(P<0.01).Serum levels of 25(OH)D_(3)and 1,25(OH)_(2)D_(3)were increased(P<0.01),and significantly higher than those in western medicine control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Shengsui Jiangu capsule can effectively improve bone density in alcoholic osteoporosis(AOP)rats,and its mechanism may be related to promoting bone calcium absorption and regulating bone conversion.展开更多
The Lamiaceae family is renowned for its terpenoid-based medicinal components,but Leonurus,which has traditional medicinal uses,stands out for its alkaloid-rich composition.Leonurine,the principal active compound foun...The Lamiaceae family is renowned for its terpenoid-based medicinal components,but Leonurus,which has traditional medicinal uses,stands out for its alkaloid-rich composition.Leonurine,the principal active compound found in Leonurus,has demonstrated promising effects in reducing blood lipids and treating strokes.However,the biosynthetic pathway of leonurine remains largely unexplored.Here,we present the chromosome-level genome sequence assemblies of Leonurus japonicus,known for its high leonurine production,and Leonurus sibiricus,characterized by very limited leonurine production.By integrating genomics,RNA sequencing,metabolomics,and enzyme activity assay data,we constructed the leonurine biosynthesis pathway and identified the arginine decarboxylase(ADC),uridine diphosphate glucosyltransferase(UGT),and serine carboxypeptidase-like(SCPL)acyltransferase enzymes that catalyze key reactions in this pathway.Further analyses revealed that the UGT–SCPL gene cluster evolved by gene duplication in the ancestor of Leonurus and neofunctionalization of SCPL in L.japonicus,which contributed to the accumulation of leonurine specifically in L.japonicus.Collectively,our comprehensive study illuminates leonurine biosynthesis and its evolution in Leonurus.展开更多
Glucose transporter 1(GLUT1)overexpression in tumor cells is a potential target for drug therapy,but few studies have reported screening GLUT1 inhibitors from natural or synthetic compounds.With current analysis techn...Glucose transporter 1(GLUT1)overexpression in tumor cells is a potential target for drug therapy,but few studies have reported screening GLUT1 inhibitors from natural or synthetic compounds.With current analysis techniques,it is difficult to accurately monitor the GLUT1 inhibitory effect of drug molecules in real-time.We developed a cell membrane-based glucose sensor(CMGS)that integrated a hydrogel electrode with tumor cell membranes to monitor GLUT1 transmembrane transport and screen for GLUT1 inhibitors in traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs).CMGS is compatible with cell membranes of various origins,including different types of tumors and cell lines with GLUT1 expression knocked down by small interfering RNA or small molecules.Based on CMGS continuous monitoring technique,we investigated the glucose transport kinetics of cell membranes with varying levels of GLUT1 expression.We used CMGS to determine the GLUT1-inhibitory effects of drug monomers with similar structures from Scutellaria baicalensis and catechins families.Results were consistent with those of the cellular glucose uptake test and molecular-docking simulation.CMGS could accurately screen drug molecules in TCMs that inhibit GLUT1,providing a new strategy for studying transmembrane protein-receptor interactions.展开更多
A rhodium(Ⅲ)-catalyzed hydrosilylation/cyclization reaction of cyclohexadienone-tetheredα,β-unsaturated aldehydes(1,6-dienes)with triethylsilane is described,providing a series of cishydrobenzofurans,cis-hydroindol...A rhodium(Ⅲ)-catalyzed hydrosilylation/cyclization reaction of cyclohexadienone-tetheredα,β-unsaturated aldehydes(1,6-dienes)with triethylsilane is described,providing a series of cishydrobenzofurans,cis-hydroindoles,and cishydroindenes bearing silyl enol ether in good to excellent yields and excellent stereoselectivities.Additionally,the versatility of this method was demonstrated through a gram-scale experiment and various downstream transformations,highlighting its utility.展开更多
Comprehensive Summary,Valbenazine(Ingrezza),a potent and highly selective inhibitor of vesicular monoamine transporter type 2(VMAT2)through the active metabolite hydrotetrabenazine(HTBZ),has been approved for the trea...Comprehensive Summary,Valbenazine(Ingrezza),a potent and highly selective inhibitor of vesicular monoamine transporter type 2(VMAT2)through the active metabolite hydrotetrabenazine(HTBZ),has been approved for the treatment of tardive dyskinesia and,very recently,for chorea,which is associated with Huntington's disease.Despite numerous synthetic efforts dedicated to the synthesis of HTBZ,the industrial preparation of valbenazine uses dihydroisoquinoline as a starting material and the chiral resolution of racemic HTBZ derived from ketone reduction.Herein,we present a practical synthesis of HTBZ and valbenazine featuring a highly stereoselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and enzymatic kinetic resolution.The cascade process includes cycloaddition,N—O bond cleavage,and lactamization,which proved to be operationally simple.The allure of the enzymatic resolution developed in this work offers a rapid access toward affording tetrahydroisoquinoline(THIQ)-fused piperidine in the production of medically significant compounds,such as yohimbine and reserpine.展开更多
The effects of acupuncture on bone biomechanical properties and histomorphometry in ovariectomized(OVX) rats were studied. Twenty-four 8-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats.were randomly assigned tothree groups:sham,m...The effects of acupuncture on bone biomechanical properties and histomorphometry in ovariectomized(OVX) rats were studied. Twenty-four 8-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats.were randomly assigned tothree groups:sham,model and acupuncture. Rats in the model and acupuncture groups were ovariectomized,while those in the sham group underwent a sham operation. All rats were anesthetized and fastened for 15minutes,and for the acupuncture group,needling on Pishu (BL20) and Shenshu (BL23) was performed.BlOod and urine were collected to measure serum osteocalcin (OC) and urinary calcium,phosphorus ordeoxypyridinoline (Dpd). After 16 weeks of treatment,all the rats were killed and their tibiae and femorawere removed. The tibiae were used for analyses of bone histomorphometry and the femora for a three-pointbending test. Acupuncture gave significant protection against ovariectomy-caused decline on femoral strengthin the mechanical test,increased the trabecular bone volume and thickness,lowered the trabecular separationof tibiae and restricted the excretion of phosphorus and Dpd,while promoting the concentrations of serumosteocalcin as compared with model rats. These results seemed to indicate that acupuncture on the points ofPishu (BL20) and Shenshu (BL23) not only promoted the bone formation but also suppressed the boneresorption induced by OVX in osteoporotic rats,which suggests that it would be a potentially useful andconvenient method in preventing osteoporosis.展开更多
Ulcerative colitis in addition to inflammatory polyposis is common.The benign sequel of ulcerative colitis can sometimes mimic colorectal carcinoma.This report describes a rare case of inflammatory polyposis with hund...Ulcerative colitis in addition to inflammatory polyposis is common.The benign sequel of ulcerative colitis can sometimes mimic colorectal carcinoma.This report describes a rare case of inflammatory polyposis with hundreds of inflammatory polyps in ulcerative colitiswhich was not easy to distinguish from other polyposis syndromes.A 16-year-old Chinese male suffering from ulcerative colitis for 6 mo underwent colonoscopy,and hundreds of polyps were observed in the sigmoid,causing colonic stenosis.The polyps were restricted to the sigmoid.Although rectal inflammation was detected,no polyps were found in the rectum.A diagnosis of inflammatory polyposis and ulcerative colitis was made.The patient underwent total colectomy and ileal pouch anal anastomosis.The patient recovered well and was discharged on postoperative day 8.Endoscopic surveillance after surgery is crucial as ulcerative colitis with polyposis is a risk factor for colorectal cancer.Recognition of polyposis requires clinical,endoscopic and histopathologic correlation,and helps with chemoprophylaxis of colorectal cancer,as the drugs used postoperatively for colorectal cancer,ulcerative colitis and polyposis are different.展开更多
Initially,Chen Xiang(沉香Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum)was exotic,but it has been playing an important role in the development of traditional Chinese culture and medicine.This article explores the reason for differences...Initially,Chen Xiang(沉香Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum)was exotic,but it has been playing an important role in the development of traditional Chinese culture and medicine.This article explores the reason for differences in the quality of ancient and modern Chen Xiang(沉香Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum)by analyzing the essential factors including the prosperity and decline of Maritime Silk Road,the relocation of the producing area,and the process of aroma forming.Based on the development and application of Chen Xiang(沉香Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum)in Chinese literature and art,traditional Chinese medicine,and folk life over the past 2000-odd years,this article puts contends that Chen Xiang(沉香Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum),which is endowed with the connotation of Chinese culture and health,should assume its new role as the traditional Chinese medical and cultural carrier on the New Silk Road.展开更多
Influenza A virus(IAV)genome comprises eight negative-sense RNA segments,of which the replication is well orchestrated and the delicate balance of multiple segments are dynamically regulated throughout IAV life cycle....Influenza A virus(IAV)genome comprises eight negative-sense RNA segments,of which the replication is well orchestrated and the delicate balance of multiple segments are dynamically regulated throughout IAV life cycle.However,previous studies seldom discuss these balances except for functional hemagglutinin-neuraminidase balance that is pivotal for both virus entry and release.Therefore,we attempt to revisit IAV life cycle by highlighting the critical role of“genome balance”.Moreover,we raise a“balance regression”model of IAV evolution that the virus evolves to rebalance its genome after reassortment or interspecies transmission,and direct a“balance compensation”strategy to rectify the“genome imbalance”as a result of artificial modifications during creation of recombinant IAVs.This review not only improves our understanding of IAV life cycle,but also facilitates both basic and applied research of IAV in future.展开更多
Dear Editor,Hyperactivation of the type I interferon(IFN)signature has been observed in several systemic autoimmune conditions,and the type I IFN receptor antagonist Saphnelo(anifrolumab-fnia)has been approved in 2021...Dear Editor,Hyperactivation of the type I interferon(IFN)signature has been observed in several systemic autoimmune conditions,and the type I IFN receptor antagonist Saphnelo(anifrolumab-fnia)has been approved in 2021 by the Food and Drug Administration(FDA)in the US.The launch of Saphnelo marked the only new treatment approved for systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)in more than 10 years.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate whether skin tests are suitable to predict the allergy reactions induced by Chinese herbal injections(CHIs).Methods:The skin tests including skin prick tests(SPT),intradermal tests(IDT)and provoc...Objective:To evaluate whether skin tests are suitable to predict the allergy reactions induced by Chinese herbal injections(CHIs).Methods:The skin tests including skin prick tests(SPT),intradermal tests(IDT)and provocation tests including subcutaneous tests and intravenous tests were administered to 249 healthy subjects and 180 allergic patients for 3 CHIs,including ginkgolide injection,diterpene ginkgolide meglumine injection and Salvianolate lyophilized injection.The results of the provocation tests were used as the"gold standard"to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the skin tests.Results:The results did not show any significant differences between the healthy and allergy groups in both skin tests and provocation tests(P>0.05).The specificities of SPT and IDT were 0.976 and 0.797,respectively,and the sensitivities of both SPT and IDT were 0.Conclusion:Skin tests are insufficient to predict the likelihood of allergic reactions resulting from CHIs.(ChiCTR-CPC-15006921)展开更多
Taking advantage of the Warburg effect in cancer cells, glucose conjugation has emerged as a useful strategy for targeted delivery of anticancer agents. Pristimerin is a naturally occurring triterpenoid that displays ...Taking advantage of the Warburg effect in cancer cells, glucose conjugation has emerged as a useful strategy for targeted delivery of anticancer agents. Pristimerin is a naturally occurring triterpenoid that displays potent but non-selective cytotoxicity. We developed a convergent and modular approach to construction of glucose-payload conjugates featuring copper-mediated azide-alkyne cycloaddition and prepared a glucose conjugate of pristimerin through this approach. The anticancer activity of this conjugate was evaluated in cancer cells and normal cells;however, the selectivity toward cancer cells was not significantly improved. We then examined the extracellular stability of the conjugate and found that its ester linkage was cleaved rapidly in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium at 37 °C, which resulted in the release of pristimerin. In fact, the inorganic components in this medium were sufficient to induce the cleavage.Given that the subtle difference between intrinsic stability and extracellular stability of the conjugate linker is often underappreciated, this work highlights the importance of the latter in the development of target-selective conjugates.展开更多
基金We extend a sincere apology to those whose work was not discussed or cited in this review due to space limitations.Fu-Wen Yuan was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82202922)the Topnotch Personnel Program from Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine。
文摘Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in most countries and regions,accounting for about ten million deaths each year worldwide.Despite the endeavors and achievements made in treating cancer during the past decades,rapid resistance to the current clinically used targeted drugs or targeted chemotherapeutic agents continues to be a major problem in cancer therapies.Moreover,many cancer patients are suffering from tumor complications or cancer-related symptoms.Traditional medicine has been practiced for thousands of years and is also currently diffusely used worldwide as an alternative therapy for cancer.Areas of investigation of traditional medicine in cancer treatment,such as traditional formulas,chemical components derived from herbal medicines,and acupuncture,have received increasing attention,especially in recent years.Here,we included selected studies reported last year regarding traditional medicine for cancer treatment in an attempt to summarize the most relevant findings,providing a valuable reference for the future investigation of traditional medicine in the cancer field.
基金We thank the Shanghai Municipal Committee of Science and Technology(Grant Nos.:20XD1423400,23ZR1460900 and 20DZ2201100)Shanghai Municipal Health Commission/Shanghai Municipal Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Grant No.:ZY(2021e2023)-0501)+2 种基金Shanghai Science and Technology Development Fund from Central Leading Local Government(Grant No.:YDZX20223100001004)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:21672249)Expenditure Budget Program of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Grant Nos.:2020LK051,and 2021LK001).
文摘In this work,a new pyrylium derivatization-assisted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)method was developed for metabolite profiling of the glutathione anabolic pathway(GAP)in cancer tissues and cells.The pyrylium salt of 6,7-dimethoxy-3-methyl isochromenylium tetrafluoroborate(DMMIC)was used to label the amino group of metabolites,and a reductant of dithiothreitol(DTT)was employed to stabilize the thiol group.By combining DMMIC derivatization with LC-MS,it was feasible to quantify the 13 main metabolites on the GAP in complex biological samples,which had good linearity(R^(2)=0.99810.9999),precision(interday precision of 1.6%e19.0%and intraday precision of 1.4%e19.8%)and accuracy(83.4%-115.7%).Moreover,the recovery assessments in tissues(82.5%e107.3%)and in cells(98.1%e118.9%)with GSH-^(13)C2,^(15)N,and Cys-^(15)N demonstrated the reliability of the method in detecting tissues and cells.Following a methodological evaluation,the method was applied successfully to investigate difference in the GAP between the carcinoma and para-carcinoma tissues of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)and the effect of p-hydroxycinnamaldehyde(CMSP)on the GAP in KYSE150 esophageal cancer cells.The results demonstrate that the developed method provides a promising new tool to elucidate the roles of GAP in physiological and pathological processes,which can contribute to research on drugs and diseases.
文摘Qing Fei Xiao Yan Wan had been incorporated into the existing “Chinese Pharmacopoeia”, protected by patents. The manufacturing process of it was scientific and its compatibility was reasonable. It was also shown by clinical trials that the efficacy is exact. Clinical trials and experiment studies had confirmed the efficacy and some mechanism for the treatment of respiratory diseases, which were summaried in this paper. Combined with the experimental results (published in another paper), the other prospect application was further discussed.
基金supported by grants from 2018 Annual Program for the Expert Workstation in Healthcare of Jinshan District in Shanghai(No.jszjz2018020Y)the Sixth Period of Key Medical Specialty of Health Commission in Jinshan District in Shanghai(No.JSZK2019A02)。
文摘Objective:Hemorrhoidal disease(HD)is the most common proctological disease,with an estimated prevalence rate of 4.4%,and a peak in individuals between 45 and 65 years of age.This study was done to evaluate whether Lian-Zhi-San(LZS),a clinically used anti-hemorrhoidal ointment could alleviate the inflammatory injury,with its associated changes of inflammatory cytokines and morphology of anorectal tissues,in an experimental model of HD in rats.Methods:HD was induced by croton oil preparation(COP)applied to the anorectal region.Rats were then treated with cotton swabs soaked in LZS ointment,water or white vaseline,twice a day for 7 d.At the end of the experiment,HD was evaluated by measuring hemorrhoidal and biochemical parameters along with histopathological observations.Results:In this study,COP induced a significant increase in the macroscopic severity score,anorectal coefficient and Evans blue extravasation,compared to normal rats.Additionally,it greatly enhanced the expression and secretion levels of some important inflammation-related cytokines along with marked histological damage,compared to normal rats.Rats treated with LZS ointment experienced significantly ameliorated Evans blue extravasation(P<0.05),decreased macroscopic severity score(0.86±0.14 vs.1.65±0.16)and the anorectal coefficient(P<0.01);its use also attenuated tissue damage and inhibited the expression and secretion levels of inflammation-related cytokines(interleukin-1 b,interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-a).Conclusion:This study validates a preliminary understanding of the use of LZS ointment to treat inflammatory factors and tissue damage in an experimental model of HD in rats.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFC1707302)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81960748)。
文摘AIM:To investigate the alleviation of scutellarein(SN)against inner blood-retinal-barrier(iBRB)dysfunction in microglia cells stimulated by hyperglycemia and to elucidate the engaged mechanism.METHODS:Microglia BV2 cells were stimulated by using 25 mmol/L D-glucose.The same concentration of mannitol(25 mmol/L)was applied as an isotonic contrast.Real-time PCR,Western-blot assay and immunofluorescence staining assay was performed.The dysfunction of iBRB in vitro was detected by using transendothelial electrical resistance(TEER)assay.Additionally,the leakage of fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC)-conjugated dextran(70 kDa)was detected.RESULTS:SN abrogated microglia BV2 cells activation and reduced the phosphorylated activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase(ERK)1/2.SN also decreased the transcriptional activation of nuclear factorκB(NFκB)and the elevated expression of tumor necrosis factorα(TNFα),interleukin(IL)-6 and IL-1βin BV2 cells treated with D-glucose(25 mmol/L).SN attenuated iBRB dysfunction in human retinal endothelial cells(HRECs)or choroid-retinal endothelial RF/6 A cells when those cells were treated with TNFα,IL-1βor IL-6,or co-cultured with microglia cells stimulated by D-glucose.Moreover,SN restored the decreased protein expression of tight junctions(TJs)in TNFα-treated HRECs and RF/6 A cells.CONCLUSION:SN not only alleviate iBRB dysfunction via directly inhibiting retinal endothelial injury caused by TNFα,IL-1βor IL-6,but also reduce the release of TNFα,IL-1βand IL-6 from microglia cells by abrogating hyperglycemia-mediated the activation of microglia cells.
基金the Macao Science and Technology Development Fund(No.0067/2019/A2 and No.0075/2019/AMJ)from the Macao Special Administrative Region。
文摘P-glycoprotein(P-gp)is an important transmembrane ATP-binding cassette(ABC)drug efflux transporter expressed in various human tissues such as the intestines,liver,kidneys,and bloodbrain barrier.It limits the intracellular concentration of xenobiotics by pumping them out of the cells,affecting drug pharmacokinetics and therapeutic effects.With its broad substrate specificity,it has the potential to remove a wide range of drugs from Chinese materia medica(CMM),including conventional medicines and active compounds.Increasing evidence has confirmed the superior therapeutic effectiveness of CMM in treating a wide range of diseases worldwide,as well as in conjunction with western drugs.As a result,herbal medicine-drug compounds have prompted widespread concern,with the majority of these interactions involving transporters such as P-gp.This review systematically summarizes the inhibition or induction of P-gp expression/function by active CMM compounds and the underlying regulatory mechanisms.It will aid in improving understanding of the synergistic or inhibiting effects associated with transporter P-gp as well as rational safety concerns for using CMM,particularly in combination with drugs.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.30672560,81172982)the Accented Project for Natural Scientific Research of Universities in Guangdong Province,China(No.05Z012)
文摘A novel fluorescent probe,6-（N,N-dimethylamino）-2-naphthoylacryl acid（ACADAN） was designed and synthesized as a fluorescent sensor for Cu^2＋ in aqueous media.Significant amplification of fluorescence signals without causing any discernible change of maximum fluorescence emission wavelength（λ max） was observed upon the addition of Cu^2＋.Importantly,ACADAN is capable of recognizing Cu^2＋ selectively in aqueous media in the presence of various biologically relevant metal ions and the prevalent toxic metal ions in the environment with high sensitivity（detection limit was 0.1 μmol/L）.
基金Major national science and technology projects-prevention and treatment of major infectious diseases such as AIDS and viral hepatitis(No.2018ZX10303502)National Nature Fund Youth Fund(No.81804063)+2 种基金China postdoctoral Science Foundation Program(No.2019M662500)China postdoctoral Science Foundation Program(No.2019M662500)Key Scientific Research Project of National Clinical Research Base of traditional Chinese Medicine of Henan Provincial Administration of traditional Chinese Medicine(No.2018JDZX1100)
文摘Objective: To analyze the potential active components and molecular mechanism of Ganlu Xiaodu MicroPill in the treatment of COVID-19 by network pharmacology and molecular docking. Methods: the active chemical constituents and action targets of Ganlu Xiaodu MicroPill were searched by TCMSP and BATMAN-TCM platform, and the key targets were matched with the COVID-19 targets searched by CTD database. The core targets were selected and analyzed by GO and KEGG enrichment analysis by R software to predict the action mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine compound. The key component sets were docked with 3CLpro and ACE2. Results: 138 active components and 53 key targets were obtained. There are 1298 items in GO biological process, 59 items in cell composition, 62 items in molecular function, and 120 items enriched in KEGG pathway. Results: molecular docking showed that the affinity of 20 chemical components such as quercetin, luteolin and kaempferol with ACE2 and 3CLpro was higher than that of ribavirin and chloroquine. Conclusion: Ganlu Xiaodu MicroPill may regulate and interfere with SARS-CoV-2 infection through antivirus, inhibition of inflammatory factors and regulation of immunity, which fully reflects the therapeutic advantages of multi-components, multi-targets and multi-pathways of traditional Chinese medicine.
基金Joint Orientation Program of the Heilongjiang Nature Foundation(NO.LH2020H086)Chinese Medicine Council of Heilongjiang(NO.ZHY10-W22)。
文摘Objective:To study the mechanism of Shengsui Jiangu Capsule promoting vitamin D_(3)regulating bone turnover in rats with alcoholic osteoporosis.Methods:120 SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:model group(alcoholic osteoporosis model group),blank control group,western medicine control group(calcium carbonate tablet and affa D_(3)control group),Chinese medicine experimental group(Shengsui Jiangu capsule experimental group),30 rats in each group.After 8,12 and 16 weeks,the serum levels of 25 hydroxyvitamin D_(3)(25(OH)D_(3)),1,25dihydroxyvitamin D_(3)(1,25(OH)_(2)D_(3)),cross-linked carboxy-terminal peptide of type 1 collagen(β-CTX)and N-terminal propeptide of type 1 collagen(P1NP)in rats and the density of the femur of rats were detected and compared.The correlation between vitamin D_(3)markers(25(OH)D_(3)and 1,25(OH)_(2)D_(3))and bone turnover indices(P1NP andβ-CTX)and bone mineral density was analyzed.Results:In the experimental group,bone mineral density(BMD)was significantly increased(P<0.01),bone repair and mineral stability and balance were maintained during bone turnover,the level of bone formation marker P1NP was significantly increased(P<0.01),and the level of bone resorption markerβ-CTX was significantly decreased(P<0.01).Serum levels of 25(OH)D_(3)and 1,25(OH)_(2)D_(3)were increased(P<0.01),and significantly higher than those in western medicine control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Shengsui Jiangu capsule can effectively improve bone density in alcoholic osteoporosis(AOP)rats,and its mechanism may be related to promoting bone calcium absorption and regulating bone conversion.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32170349 to P.X.)the Chenshan Special Fund for the Shanghai Landscaping Administration Bureau Program(G232402 to P.X.)the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China(YDZX20223100001003 to Y.-H.H.).
文摘The Lamiaceae family is renowned for its terpenoid-based medicinal components,but Leonurus,which has traditional medicinal uses,stands out for its alkaloid-rich composition.Leonurine,the principal active compound found in Leonurus,has demonstrated promising effects in reducing blood lipids and treating strokes.However,the biosynthetic pathway of leonurine remains largely unexplored.Here,we present the chromosome-level genome sequence assemblies of Leonurus japonicus,known for its high leonurine production,and Leonurus sibiricus,characterized by very limited leonurine production.By integrating genomics,RNA sequencing,metabolomics,and enzyme activity assay data,we constructed the leonurine biosynthesis pathway and identified the arginine decarboxylase(ADC),uridine diphosphate glucosyltransferase(UGT),and serine carboxypeptidase-like(SCPL)acyltransferase enzymes that catalyze key reactions in this pathway.Further analyses revealed that the UGT–SCPL gene cluster evolved by gene duplication in the ancestor of Leonurus and neofunctionalization of SCPL in L.japonicus,which contributed to the accumulation of leonurine specifically in L.japonicus.Collectively,our comprehensive study illuminates leonurine biosynthesis and its evolution in Leonurus.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(Grant Nos.:61801160 and 81730108).
文摘Glucose transporter 1(GLUT1)overexpression in tumor cells is a potential target for drug therapy,but few studies have reported screening GLUT1 inhibitors from natural or synthetic compounds.With current analysis techniques,it is difficult to accurately monitor the GLUT1 inhibitory effect of drug molecules in real-time.We developed a cell membrane-based glucose sensor(CMGS)that integrated a hydrogel electrode with tumor cell membranes to monitor GLUT1 transmembrane transport and screen for GLUT1 inhibitors in traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs).CMGS is compatible with cell membranes of various origins,including different types of tumors and cell lines with GLUT1 expression knocked down by small interfering RNA or small molecules.Based on CMGS continuous monitoring technique,we investigated the glucose transport kinetics of cell membranes with varying levels of GLUT1 expression.We used CMGS to determine the GLUT1-inhibitory effects of drug monomers with similar structures from Scutellaria baicalensis and catechins families.Results were consistent with those of the cellular glucose uptake test and molecular-docking simulation.CMGS could accurately screen drug molecules in TCMs that inhibit GLUT1,providing a new strategy for studying transmembrane protein-receptor interactions.
基金financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFF1202600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22001172,22071155,and22371188)+4 种基金the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Nos.20XD1403600 and 20400750300)the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(No.2019-01-07-00-10-E00072)the Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.ZYYCXTD-202004)the Shanghai Municipal Health Commission/Shanghai Municipal Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine[No.ZY(2021-2023)-0501]Organizational Key R&D Program of SHUTCM(No.2023YZZ01)。
文摘A rhodium(Ⅲ)-catalyzed hydrosilylation/cyclization reaction of cyclohexadienone-tetheredα,β-unsaturated aldehydes(1,6-dienes)with triethylsilane is described,providing a series of cishydrobenzofurans,cis-hydroindoles,and cishydroindenes bearing silyl enol ether in good to excellent yields and excellent stereoselectivities.Additionally,the versatility of this method was demonstrated through a gram-scale experiment and various downstream transformations,highlighting its utility.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22271194 and 22371295)the Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Bio-Manufacture(Grant No.XTD 2210)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(20XD1404700)is greatly appreciated.
文摘Comprehensive Summary,Valbenazine(Ingrezza),a potent and highly selective inhibitor of vesicular monoamine transporter type 2(VMAT2)through the active metabolite hydrotetrabenazine(HTBZ),has been approved for the treatment of tardive dyskinesia and,very recently,for chorea,which is associated with Huntington's disease.Despite numerous synthetic efforts dedicated to the synthesis of HTBZ,the industrial preparation of valbenazine uses dihydroisoquinoline as a starting material and the chiral resolution of racemic HTBZ derived from ketone reduction.Herein,we present a practical synthesis of HTBZ and valbenazine featuring a highly stereoselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and enzymatic kinetic resolution.The cascade process includes cycloaddition,N—O bond cleavage,and lactamization,which proved to be operationally simple.The allure of the enzymatic resolution developed in this work offers a rapid access toward affording tetrahydroisoquinoline(THIQ)-fused piperidine in the production of medically significant compounds,such as yohimbine and reserpine.
文摘The effects of acupuncture on bone biomechanical properties and histomorphometry in ovariectomized(OVX) rats were studied. Twenty-four 8-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats.were randomly assigned tothree groups:sham,model and acupuncture. Rats in the model and acupuncture groups were ovariectomized,while those in the sham group underwent a sham operation. All rats were anesthetized and fastened for 15minutes,and for the acupuncture group,needling on Pishu (BL20) and Shenshu (BL23) was performed.BlOod and urine were collected to measure serum osteocalcin (OC) and urinary calcium,phosphorus ordeoxypyridinoline (Dpd). After 16 weeks of treatment,all the rats were killed and their tibiae and femorawere removed. The tibiae were used for analyses of bone histomorphometry and the femora for a three-pointbending test. Acupuncture gave significant protection against ovariectomy-caused decline on femoral strengthin the mechanical test,increased the trabecular bone volume and thickness,lowered the trabecular separationof tibiae and restricted the excretion of phosphorus and Dpd,while promoting the concentrations of serumosteocalcin as compared with model rats. These results seemed to indicate that acupuncture on the points ofPishu (BL20) and Shenshu (BL23) not only promoted the bone formation but also suppressed the boneresorption induced by OVX in osteoporotic rats,which suggests that it would be a potentially useful andconvenient method in preventing osteoporosis.
文摘Ulcerative colitis in addition to inflammatory polyposis is common.The benign sequel of ulcerative colitis can sometimes mimic colorectal carcinoma.This report describes a rare case of inflammatory polyposis with hundreds of inflammatory polyps in ulcerative colitiswhich was not easy to distinguish from other polyposis syndromes.A 16-year-old Chinese male suffering from ulcerative colitis for 6 mo underwent colonoscopy,and hundreds of polyps were observed in the sigmoid,causing colonic stenosis.The polyps were restricted to the sigmoid.Although rectal inflammation was detected,no polyps were found in the rectum.A diagnosis of inflammatory polyposis and ulcerative colitis was made.The patient underwent total colectomy and ileal pouch anal anastomosis.The patient recovered well and was discharged on postoperative day 8.Endoscopic surveillance after surgery is crucial as ulcerative colitis with polyposis is a risk factor for colorectal cancer.Recognition of polyposis requires clinical,endoscopic and histopathologic correlation,and helps with chemoprophylaxis of colorectal cancer,as the drugs used postoperatively for colorectal cancer,ulcerative colitis and polyposis are different.
文摘Initially,Chen Xiang(沉香Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum)was exotic,but it has been playing an important role in the development of traditional Chinese culture and medicine.This article explores the reason for differences in the quality of ancient and modern Chen Xiang(沉香Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum)by analyzing the essential factors including the prosperity and decline of Maritime Silk Road,the relocation of the producing area,and the process of aroma forming.Based on the development and application of Chen Xiang(沉香Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum)in Chinese literature and art,traditional Chinese medicine,and folk life over the past 2000-odd years,this article puts contends that Chen Xiang(沉香Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum),which is endowed with the connotation of Chinese culture and health,should assume its new role as the traditional Chinese medical and cultural carrier on the New Silk Road.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82104134)Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong,China(No.2020CXGC010505)The Social Benefiting Technology Program of Qingdao,China(No.21-1-4-rkjk-15-nsh).
文摘Influenza A virus(IAV)genome comprises eight negative-sense RNA segments,of which the replication is well orchestrated and the delicate balance of multiple segments are dynamically regulated throughout IAV life cycle.However,previous studies seldom discuss these balances except for functional hemagglutinin-neuraminidase balance that is pivotal for both virus entry and release.Therefore,we attempt to revisit IAV life cycle by highlighting the critical role of“genome balance”.Moreover,we raise a“balance regression”model of IAV evolution that the virus evolves to rebalance its genome after reassortment or interspecies transmission,and direct a“balance compensation”strategy to rectify the“genome imbalance”as a result of artificial modifications during creation of recombinant IAVs.This review not only improves our understanding of IAV life cycle,but also facilitates both basic and applied research of IAV in future.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Number:81903882,81871240,82001709)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Grant Number:22ZR1473700,21S11907700)"Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan"medicine innovation fund by Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Grant Number:21Y31900200).
文摘Dear Editor,Hyperactivation of the type I interferon(IFN)signature has been observed in several systemic autoimmune conditions,and the type I IFN receptor antagonist Saphnelo(anifrolumab-fnia)has been approved in 2021 by the Food and Drug Administration(FDA)in the US.The launch of Saphnelo marked the only new treatment approved for systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)in more than 10 years.
基金Supported by National Major Science and Technology Projects of China(No.2012ZX09303010-001,No.2018ZX09734-002)。
文摘Objective:To evaluate whether skin tests are suitable to predict the allergy reactions induced by Chinese herbal injections(CHIs).Methods:The skin tests including skin prick tests(SPT),intradermal tests(IDT)and provocation tests including subcutaneous tests and intravenous tests were administered to 249 healthy subjects and 180 allergic patients for 3 CHIs,including ginkgolide injection,diterpene ginkgolide meglumine injection and Salvianolate lyophilized injection.The results of the provocation tests were used as the"gold standard"to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the skin tests.Results:The results did not show any significant differences between the healthy and allergy groups in both skin tests and provocation tests(P>0.05).The specificities of SPT and IDT were 0.976 and 0.797,respectively,and the sensitivities of both SPT and IDT were 0.Conclusion:Skin tests are insufficient to predict the likelihood of allergic reactions resulting from CHIs.(ChiCTR-CPC-15006921)
基金supported by Ministry of Science and Technology (National Key Research and Development Program of China, No. 2018YFA0901900)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21931014, U2002221, 21772225, 21572064, 81502956 and 21621002)+3 种基金Chinese Academy of Sciences (Strategic Priority Research Program, No. XDB20000000International Partner Program, No. 121731KYSB20190039Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, No. QYZDB-SSW-SLH040)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (Nos. 20430713400, 17XD1404600 and JCYJ-SHFY-2022–005)。
文摘Taking advantage of the Warburg effect in cancer cells, glucose conjugation has emerged as a useful strategy for targeted delivery of anticancer agents. Pristimerin is a naturally occurring triterpenoid that displays potent but non-selective cytotoxicity. We developed a convergent and modular approach to construction of glucose-payload conjugates featuring copper-mediated azide-alkyne cycloaddition and prepared a glucose conjugate of pristimerin through this approach. The anticancer activity of this conjugate was evaluated in cancer cells and normal cells;however, the selectivity toward cancer cells was not significantly improved. We then examined the extracellular stability of the conjugate and found that its ester linkage was cleaved rapidly in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium at 37 °C, which resulted in the release of pristimerin. In fact, the inorganic components in this medium were sufficient to induce the cleavage.Given that the subtle difference between intrinsic stability and extracellular stability of the conjugate linker is often underappreciated, this work highlights the importance of the latter in the development of target-selective conjugates.
