Purpose: Bacterial biofilm develop on the surfaces of urinary catheter and proceed to cause full blown bacterial infections and sepsis. Urinary catheters, infection rates increase with the duration of catheterization ...Purpose: Bacterial biofilm develop on the surfaces of urinary catheter and proceed to cause full blown bacterial infections and sepsis. Urinary catheters, infection rates increase with the duration of catheterization at rates of per day with virtually all of those who undergo long-term catheterization becoming infected. Also antibiotics results in the adaptation and development of resistance leading to treatment failure, prolonged hospitalization, increased costs of care, and increased mortality. Methods: In the present study total 200 used urinary catheters were studied from the different hospitals of Amravati city in 2015-2016. Different bacterial uropathogens were isolated by conventional method and biofilm formation was studied by tissue culture plate (TCP). Antibiotic sensitivity was performed by disc diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum biofilm eradicating concentration (MBEC) of triclosan was determined by TCP. Results: Out of total samples 93% are contaminated. Around 59% urinary catheters contain mixed consortia. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found to be the strong biofilm forming and multidrug resistant organism. The most effective drug over seven bacteria isolates were chloramphenicol. Triclosan was used to test against the strong and moderate biofilm forming isolates the MIC of triclosan ranged between 1.5 and 1000 μg/ml and MBEC was between 800 and 3200 μg/ml Conclusions: From the study it was concluded that female are more prone to be infected with catheter associated infection. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found to be deadly caused of infection, as it is highly resistant to antibiotics. Also triclosan showed effective result on the bacterial uropathogens.展开更多
The origin and movement of groundwater are the fundamental questions that address both the temporal and spatial aspects of ground water run and water supply related issues in hydrological systems.As groundwater flows ...The origin and movement of groundwater are the fundamental questions that address both the temporal and spatial aspects of ground water run and water supply related issues in hydrological systems.As groundwater flows through an aquifer,its composition and temperature may variation dependent on the aquifer condition through which it flows.Thus,hydrologic investigations can also provide useful information about the subsurface geology of a region.But because such studies investigate processes that follow under the Earth's shallow,obtaining the information necessary to answer these questions is not continuously easy.Springs,which discharge groundwater table directly,afford to study subsurface hydrogeological processes.The present study of estimation of aquifer factors such as transmissivity(T)and storativity(S)are vital for the evaluation of groundwater resources.There are several methods to estimate the accurate aquifer parameters(i.e.hydrograph analysis,pumping test,etc.).In initial days,these parameters are projected either by means of in-situ test or execution test on aquifer well samples carried in the laboratory.The simultaneous information on the hydraulic behavior of the well(borehole)that provides on this method,the reservoir and the reservoir boundaries,are important for efficient aquifer and well data management and analysis.The most common in-situ test is pumping test performed on wells,which involves the measurement of the fall and increase of groundwater level with respect to time.The alteration in groundwater level(drawdown/recovery)is caused due to pumping of water from the well.Theis(1935)was first to propose method to evaluate aquifer parameters from the pumping test on a bore well in a confined aquifer.It is essential to know the transmissivity(T=Kb,where b is the aquifer thickness;pumping flow rate,Q=TW(dh/dl)flow through an aquifer)and storativity(confined aquifer:S=bS_s,unconfined:S=S_y),for the characterization of the aquifer parameters in an unknown area so as to predict the rate of drawdown of the groundwater table/potentiometric surface throughout the pumping test of an aquifer.The determination of aquifer's parameters is an important basis for groundwater resources evaluation,numerical simulation,development and protection as well as scientific management.For determining aquifer's parameters,pumping test is a main method.A case study shows that these techniques have been fast speed and high correctness.The results of parameter's determination are optimized so that it has important applied value for scientific research and geology engineering preparation.展开更多
The solar photovoltaic(PV) module output voltage changes according to the variation of light intensity and temperature. This paper presents the implementation of an automatic digital controller of a DC-DC boost conver...The solar photovoltaic(PV) module output voltage changes according to the variation of light intensity and temperature. This paper presents the implementation of an automatic digital controller of a DC-DC boost converter without batteries for a solar cell module by using a peripheral interface controller, which forms a closed loop, to control the ON-OFF period of the switching pulse. The output of DC-DC converter is maintained by automatically increasing or decreasing the pulse width. To produce the pulse width modulation(PWM), the microcontroller is programmed according to the required duty cycle for the power switch. The PWM ON period is increased with the decrease in the PV voltage and vice-versa. The input voltage to the inverter is maintained constantly and is converted into an AC signal by using the metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor(MOSFET) H-bridge operated in the sinusoidal pulse width modulation mode by using a PIC(peripheral interface controller) microcontroller. The generated AC signal can be connected to the AC grid or to the AC load. The simulated results by using Proteus 8 and hardware implemented results verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller.展开更多
In this work, uranine-dyed zinc(tris) thiourea sulfate(ZTS) monocrystals, 26 mm×15 mm×10 mm in size, were synthesized by the solution method at ambient temperature. Their purity, crystallinity, lattice param...In this work, uranine-dyed zinc(tris) thiourea sulfate(ZTS) monocrystals, 26 mm×15 mm×10 mm in size, were synthesized by the solution method at ambient temperature. Their purity, crystallinity, lattice parameters, and functional modes were studied by x-ray diffraction, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR), and FT-Raman spectroscopy analyses. The sodium ion content of the crystals from the dye was confirmed by elemental analysis. The diffused reflectance spectral analysis of the dyed crystal revealed a characteristic absorption band at 490 nm attributed to the presence of the dye. The calculated band gaps of the non-dyed and dyed crystals were 4.53 and 4.57 e V, respectively. A green emission peak at ～(512 ± 4) nm was observed in the photoluminescence spectrum of the uranine-dyed crystals. A differential scanning calorimetry study confirmed that the thermal stability improved owing to the addition of the dye. Dielectric and microhardness studies were conducted to examine the significant improvements in the corresponding properties of dyed crystals. The results demonstrated the competency of the dyed ZTS crystals for applications in optoelectronic devices.展开更多
In the current investigation,L-proline cadmium chloride monohydrate(LPCC) single crystal is grown by a slow solvent evaporation technique to identify its credibility for nonlinear optical device applications.The const...In the current investigation,L-proline cadmium chloride monohydrate(LPCC) single crystal is grown by a slow solvent evaporation technique to identify its credibility for nonlinear optical device applications.The constituent elements of LPCC crystal are determined by the energy dispersive spectroscopic(EDS) technique.The single crystal x-ray diffraction technique is used to determine the structural dimensions of LPCC crystal.The UV-visible studies are carried out within a wavelength range of 200 nm–1100 nm to determine the optical transmittance of LPCC crystal.The linear optical parameters of LPCC crystal are evaluated using the transmittance data to discuss its importance for distinct optical devices.The Nd:YAG laser assisted Kurtz–Perry test is carried out to determine the enhancement in second harmonic generation efficiency of LPCC crystal with reference to KDP crystal.The Z-scan technique is employed to assess the third order nonlinear optical(TONLO) properties of LPCC crystal at 632.8 nm.The Z-scan data are utilized to evaluate the TONLO refraction,absorption and susceptibility of LPCC crystal.The color oriented luminescence behavior of LPCC crystal is investigated within a spectral range of 350 nm–700 nm.The dependence of dielectric constant and dielectric loss on temperature and frequency is evaluated through the dielectric measurement studies.展开更多
Present paper reports the synthesis of SnO2, its characterization and performance as Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Sensor. XRD pattern revealed the tetragonal crystalline nature of the material. Crystallites sizes wer...Present paper reports the synthesis of SnO2, its characterization and performance as Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Sensor. XRD pattern revealed the tetragonal crystalline nature of the material. Crystallites sizes were in the range 14 - 30 nm. Tin oxide thick film was prepared by using screen printing technique. After that these were investigated through SEM. SEM image of thick-film surface was spherical in shape and porous. Further at room temperature, the film was exposed to LPG in a controlled gas chamber and variations in resistance with the concentrations of LPG were observed. The maximum value of average sensitivity of thick film was 37 MΩ/min for 5 vol. % of LPG. Sensor responses as a function of exposure and response times were also estimated and maximum sensor response were found 273 and 312 for 4 and 5 vol. % of LPG respectively.展开更多
Urinary tract infections (UTI) are very common in all the developed as well as developing countries in which the majority of infections are catheter associated. Catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) is ...Urinary tract infections (UTI) are very common in all the developed as well as developing countries in which the majority of infections are catheter associated. Catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) is one of the major causes of hospital acquired infections. The aim of this study is to investigate influential demographic factors responsible for contamination associated with the rate of CAUTI, while taking into account type of urinary catheter used, the most common organisms found, patient diagnosis, age, gender, and comparison with other studies. During the study, 22 uropathogenic species were isolated from the different segments of urinary catheter samples of the patients collected from 12 different hospitals of Amravati city, Maharashtra, India from January 2015 to 2018. Gram negative organisms were the most frequent isolates, with <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (16.08%) being the most common followed by <i>Escherichia coli</i> (10%) and <i>Candida albicans</i> accounted for almost 11% of all the uropathogens. It was found that the majority of uropathogens were isolated from the section A (Catheter segment inside the bladder) and section E (Catheter segment connected to drainage tube) of the urinary catheter. The duration of the catheterization plays the major role in the contamination and further infection to continue. It was observed that the female catheterized patients are more prone to the contamination and infection as compared to male catheterized patient. The antibiotic sensitivity pattern indicates that MAR (Multiple Antibiotic Resistance) index was more than 0.2 for almost all the uropathogens tested concluding that there is antibiotic stress on uropathogens and rate of resistance increased rapidly. Also it was found that there was a statistically significant association between the duration of catheterization, type of disease, age of patient and type of catheter with respect to gender.展开更多
Preliminary results of our study related to simultaneous waste water purification by photocatalytic degradation of organic impurity (Methylene Blue dye) and its effects on seed germination are presented here. It is in...Preliminary results of our study related to simultaneous waste water purification by photocatalytic degradation of organic impurity (Methylene Blue dye) and its effects on seed germination are presented here. It is interesting and important to know that complete degradation of the dye occurs within 2 hours and does not adversely affect the seed germination process. It is concluded that waste water purification by photocatalysis and seed germination (agriculture) can be carried out simultaneously, opening a way for advanced agriculture.展开更多
We have studied Locally Rotationally Symmetric (LRS) Bianchi type-I cosmological model filled with anisotropic fluid in general theory of relativity. The solutions of the field equations are obtained by using special ...We have studied Locally Rotationally Symmetric (LRS) Bianchi type-I cosmological model filled with anisotropic fluid in general theory of relativity. The solutions of the field equations are obtained by using special form of deceleration parameter which gives early deceleration and late time accelerating cosmological model. The geometrical and physical aspect of the model is also studied.展开更多
In this paper, an adaptive subcarrier allocation scheme with reconfiguration of operating parameters for Cognitive Radio Networks (CRN) is presented. A QoS-conscious spectrum decision frame work is projected, where sp...In this paper, an adaptive subcarrier allocation scheme with reconfiguration of operating parameters for Cognitive Radio Networks (CRN) is presented. A QoS-conscious spectrum decision frame work is projected, where spectrum bands are determined by considering the application requirements as well as the dynamic nature of the spectrum bands. The novel subcarrier allocation algorithm is developed to fulfill different performance objective as a solution for subcarrier allocation and power allocation problem for Cognitive Radio (CR) users in CRNs. It employs operating frequency parameter modification using Proportional Resource Algorithm and Genetic Algorithm (GA). The multi objective optimization problem with equality and inequality constraint is considered. Moreover, a dynamic subcarrier allocations scheme is developed based on GA to decide on the spectrum bands adaptively dependent on the time-varying CR network capacity. The proposed algorithm targets to achieve maximum data rate for each subcarrier, maximize the overall network throughput and maximize the number of satisfied user under the constraints of bandwidth and guarantee Quality of Service (QoS) requirement from dynamic spectrum management (DSM) perspective. Moreover, it determines the best available channel.展开更多
The stable and crystalline phase of pure nanostructured CeO2 was directly synthesized by flame-assisted spray pyrolysis and solid state diffusion route. Different characterization techniques, including X-ray diffracti...The stable and crystalline phase of pure nanostructured CeO2 was directly synthesized by flame-assisted spray pyrolysis and solid state diffusion route. Different characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), ultraviolet–visible(UVVis), and thermo gravimetric analysis(TGA) were employed to examine the structural, morphological, optical, and thermal properties of the final product. Similarly, the comparative carbon dioxide(CO2)-sensing response of as-synthesized Ce O2 nanoparticles by both routes was also reported. The CeO2 nanoparticles synthesized by solid state diffusion method exhibit good sensitivity(3.38 %) at room temperature,low operating temperature(398 K), fast response time(32 s),and recovery time(36 s) along with good stability.展开更多
The red-orange emitting phosphor YBO3:Eu3+ was prepared by aldo-keto method and solid state diffusion. Aldo-keto method implied to decrease the processing time and heating temperature. The red-orange emitting phosphor...The red-orange emitting phosphor YBO3:Eu3+ was prepared by aldo-keto method and solid state diffusion. Aldo-keto method implied to decrease the processing time and heating temperature. The red-orange emitting phosphor was characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), as well as emission and excitation photoluminescence spectra recorded at room temperature. The result of aldo-keto method showed that the phosphor YBO3:Eu3+ could be obtained at 900℃ in less time ~60% as compared to solid state diffusion(SSD). The material showed that the strongest emission peak at 595 nm under excitation at 233 nm was only due to forced magnetic dipole 5D0→7F1 transition of Eu3+ ions. Significantly, the emission intensity of YBO3:Eu3+ phosphor prepared by aldo-keto method was relatively higher as compared to that obtained by the solid state diffusion.展开更多
The dosimetric phosphors Li_3PO_4:M(M=Tb, Cu) were produced by modified solid-state method.The structural and morphological characterization was carried out through X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microsc...The dosimetric phosphors Li_3PO_4:M(M=Tb, Cu) were produced by modified solid-state method.The structural and morphological characterization was carried out through X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscope(SEM). Additionally, the photoluminescence(PL), thermoluminescence(TL) and optically stimulated luminescence(OSL) properties of powder Li_3PO_4 doped with Tb and Cu were studied. It is advocated that Li_3PO_4: Cu phosphor not only shows higher OSL sensitivity(25 times or more) but also gives faster decay in OSL signals than that of Li_3PO_4: Tb^(3+) phosphor. The minimum detectable dose(MDD) of Li_3PO_4:M(M=Tb,Cu) phosphors is found to be 21.69 × 10^(-3) and 3.33 ×10^(-6) J·kg^(-1),respectively. In OSL mode, phosphor shows linear dose response in the range of 0.02-20.00 J·kg^(-1).In TL mode, sensitivity of Li_3PO_4: Cu phosphor is more than that of Li_3PO_4: Tb phosphor. The kinetics parameters such as activation energy and frequency factors were determined by peak shape method, and photoionization cross sections of prepared phosphor were calculated.展开更多
For the first time,sodium metasilicate(SMS) doped ammonium dihydrogen phosphate(ADP) crystal was grown by slow evaporation solution technique. The unit cell parameters of grown crystal were determined by means of sing...For the first time,sodium metasilicate(SMS) doped ammonium dihydrogen phosphate(ADP) crystal was grown by slow evaporation solution technique. The unit cell parameters of grown crystal were determined by means of single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. The qualitative analysis of SMS doped ADP crystal was carried out using energy dispersive X-ray and Fourier transform infrared analysis. The increase in optical transparency of doped ADP crystal was ascertained in the range of 200–900 nm using the UV-visible spectral analysis. The vital optical constants were evaluated using the transmittance data to explore various optical device applications of crystal. The assertive influence of SMS on mechanical and dielectric behavior of ADP crystal was investigated by means of Vickers microhardness analysis and dielectric studies,respectively. The enhancement in second harmonic generation(SHG) efficiency of SMS doped ADP crystal with reference to potassium dihydrogen phosphate(KDP) and ADP was confirmed from Kurtz–Perry SHG test. The Kerr lensing nonlinearity in SMS doped ADP crystal was identified by means of Z-scan analysis and the third order nonlinear optical susceptibility(χ~3) was found to be6.19×10^(-5)esu,which vitalizes its application for laser stabilization systems.展开更多
We investigate the DC transport properties of 60V_(2)O_(5)-5P_(2)O_(5)-(35-x)B_(2)O_(3)-xDy_(2)O_(3)(x=0.4,0.6,0.8,1.0 and 1.2 mol%)glasses as function of temperature which were prepared using the conventional melt-qu...We investigate the DC transport properties of 60V_(2)O_(5)-5P_(2)O_(5)-(35-x)B_(2)O_(3)-xDy_(2)O_(3)(x=0.4,0.6,0.8,1.0 and 1.2 mol%)glasses as function of temperature which were prepared using the conventional melt-quenching method.These glasses are characterised by thermo gravimetric-differential thermal analysis(TG-DTA).Activation energy(E_(DC))is obtained from Arrhenius plots of temperature-dependent DC conductivity,and it is found to be 0.30 eV for high conducting glass.In order to understand the role of Dy_(2)O_(3) in these glasses,the density and molar volume are investigated.The results show that molar volume of the glass increases with the increasing of Dy2O_(3) concentration.The ionic conductivity is found to be dominant over the electronic conductivity and varies between 82%and 96%.展开更多
文摘Purpose: Bacterial biofilm develop on the surfaces of urinary catheter and proceed to cause full blown bacterial infections and sepsis. Urinary catheters, infection rates increase with the duration of catheterization at rates of per day with virtually all of those who undergo long-term catheterization becoming infected. Also antibiotics results in the adaptation and development of resistance leading to treatment failure, prolonged hospitalization, increased costs of care, and increased mortality. Methods: In the present study total 200 used urinary catheters were studied from the different hospitals of Amravati city in 2015-2016. Different bacterial uropathogens were isolated by conventional method and biofilm formation was studied by tissue culture plate (TCP). Antibiotic sensitivity was performed by disc diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum biofilm eradicating concentration (MBEC) of triclosan was determined by TCP. Results: Out of total samples 93% are contaminated. Around 59% urinary catheters contain mixed consortia. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found to be the strong biofilm forming and multidrug resistant organism. The most effective drug over seven bacteria isolates were chloramphenicol. Triclosan was used to test against the strong and moderate biofilm forming isolates the MIC of triclosan ranged between 1.5 and 1000 μg/ml and MBEC was between 800 and 3200 μg/ml Conclusions: From the study it was concluded that female are more prone to be infected with catheter associated infection. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found to be deadly caused of infection, as it is highly resistant to antibiotics. Also triclosan showed effective result on the bacterial uropathogens.
文摘The origin and movement of groundwater are the fundamental questions that address both the temporal and spatial aspects of ground water run and water supply related issues in hydrological systems.As groundwater flows through an aquifer,its composition and temperature may variation dependent on the aquifer condition through which it flows.Thus,hydrologic investigations can also provide useful information about the subsurface geology of a region.But because such studies investigate processes that follow under the Earth's shallow,obtaining the information necessary to answer these questions is not continuously easy.Springs,which discharge groundwater table directly,afford to study subsurface hydrogeological processes.The present study of estimation of aquifer factors such as transmissivity(T)and storativity(S)are vital for the evaluation of groundwater resources.There are several methods to estimate the accurate aquifer parameters(i.e.hydrograph analysis,pumping test,etc.).In initial days,these parameters are projected either by means of in-situ test or execution test on aquifer well samples carried in the laboratory.The simultaneous information on the hydraulic behavior of the well(borehole)that provides on this method,the reservoir and the reservoir boundaries,are important for efficient aquifer and well data management and analysis.The most common in-situ test is pumping test performed on wells,which involves the measurement of the fall and increase of groundwater level with respect to time.The alteration in groundwater level(drawdown/recovery)is caused due to pumping of water from the well.Theis(1935)was first to propose method to evaluate aquifer parameters from the pumping test on a bore well in a confined aquifer.It is essential to know the transmissivity(T=Kb,where b is the aquifer thickness;pumping flow rate,Q=TW(dh/dl)flow through an aquifer)and storativity(confined aquifer:S=bS_s,unconfined:S=S_y),for the characterization of the aquifer parameters in an unknown area so as to predict the rate of drawdown of the groundwater table/potentiometric surface throughout the pumping test of an aquifer.The determination of aquifer's parameters is an important basis for groundwater resources evaluation,numerical simulation,development and protection as well as scientific management.For determining aquifer's parameters,pumping test is a main method.A case study shows that these techniques have been fast speed and high correctness.The results of parameter's determination are optimized so that it has important applied value for scientific research and geology engineering preparation.
文摘The solar photovoltaic(PV) module output voltage changes according to the variation of light intensity and temperature. This paper presents the implementation of an automatic digital controller of a DC-DC boost converter without batteries for a solar cell module by using a peripheral interface controller, which forms a closed loop, to control the ON-OFF period of the switching pulse. The output of DC-DC converter is maintained by automatically increasing or decreasing the pulse width. To produce the pulse width modulation(PWM), the microcontroller is programmed according to the required duty cycle for the power switch. The PWM ON period is increased with the decrease in the PV voltage and vice-versa. The input voltage to the inverter is maintained constantly and is converted into an AC signal by using the metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor(MOSFET) H-bridge operated in the sinusoidal pulse width modulation mode by using a PIC(peripheral interface controller) microcontroller. The generated AC signal can be connected to the AC grid or to the AC load. The simulated results by using Proteus 8 and hardware implemented results verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
基金Project supported by the Fund from the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University,Saudi Arabia(Grant No.R.G.P.2/9/38)
文摘In this work, uranine-dyed zinc(tris) thiourea sulfate(ZTS) monocrystals, 26 mm×15 mm×10 mm in size, were synthesized by the solution method at ambient temperature. Their purity, crystallinity, lattice parameters, and functional modes were studied by x-ray diffraction, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR), and FT-Raman spectroscopy analyses. The sodium ion content of the crystals from the dye was confirmed by elemental analysis. The diffused reflectance spectral analysis of the dyed crystal revealed a characteristic absorption band at 490 nm attributed to the presence of the dye. The calculated band gaps of the non-dyed and dyed crystals were 4.53 and 4.57 e V, respectively. A green emission peak at ～(512 ± 4) nm was observed in the photoluminescence spectrum of the uranine-dyed crystals. A differential scanning calorimetry study confirmed that the thermal stability improved owing to the addition of the dye. Dielectric and microhardness studies were conducted to examine the significant improvements in the corresponding properties of dyed crystals. The results demonstrated the competency of the dyed ZTS crystals for applications in optoelectronic devices.
基金UGC,New Delhi,India for awarding Maulana Azad National Fellowship(Grant No.F1-17.1/2015-16/MANF-2015-17-MAH-68193)RCAMSKing Khalid University,Saudi Arabia for support
文摘In the current investigation,L-proline cadmium chloride monohydrate(LPCC) single crystal is grown by a slow solvent evaporation technique to identify its credibility for nonlinear optical device applications.The constituent elements of LPCC crystal are determined by the energy dispersive spectroscopic(EDS) technique.The single crystal x-ray diffraction technique is used to determine the structural dimensions of LPCC crystal.The UV-visible studies are carried out within a wavelength range of 200 nm–1100 nm to determine the optical transmittance of LPCC crystal.The linear optical parameters of LPCC crystal are evaluated using the transmittance data to discuss its importance for distinct optical devices.The Nd:YAG laser assisted Kurtz–Perry test is carried out to determine the enhancement in second harmonic generation efficiency of LPCC crystal with reference to KDP crystal.The Z-scan technique is employed to assess the third order nonlinear optical(TONLO) properties of LPCC crystal at 632.8 nm.The Z-scan data are utilized to evaluate the TONLO refraction,absorption and susceptibility of LPCC crystal.The color oriented luminescence behavior of LPCC crystal is investigated within a spectral range of 350 nm–700 nm.The dependence of dielectric constant and dielectric loss on temperature and frequency is evaluated through the dielectric measurement studies.
文摘Present paper reports the synthesis of SnO2, its characterization and performance as Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Sensor. XRD pattern revealed the tetragonal crystalline nature of the material. Crystallites sizes were in the range 14 - 30 nm. Tin oxide thick film was prepared by using screen printing technique. After that these were investigated through SEM. SEM image of thick-film surface was spherical in shape and porous. Further at room temperature, the film was exposed to LPG in a controlled gas chamber and variations in resistance with the concentrations of LPG were observed. The maximum value of average sensitivity of thick film was 37 MΩ/min for 5 vol. % of LPG. Sensor responses as a function of exposure and response times were also estimated and maximum sensor response were found 273 and 312 for 4 and 5 vol. % of LPG respectively.
文摘Urinary tract infections (UTI) are very common in all the developed as well as developing countries in which the majority of infections are catheter associated. Catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) is one of the major causes of hospital acquired infections. The aim of this study is to investigate influential demographic factors responsible for contamination associated with the rate of CAUTI, while taking into account type of urinary catheter used, the most common organisms found, patient diagnosis, age, gender, and comparison with other studies. During the study, 22 uropathogenic species were isolated from the different segments of urinary catheter samples of the patients collected from 12 different hospitals of Amravati city, Maharashtra, India from January 2015 to 2018. Gram negative organisms were the most frequent isolates, with <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (16.08%) being the most common followed by <i>Escherichia coli</i> (10%) and <i>Candida albicans</i> accounted for almost 11% of all the uropathogens. It was found that the majority of uropathogens were isolated from the section A (Catheter segment inside the bladder) and section E (Catheter segment connected to drainage tube) of the urinary catheter. The duration of the catheterization plays the major role in the contamination and further infection to continue. It was observed that the female catheterized patients are more prone to the contamination and infection as compared to male catheterized patient. The antibiotic sensitivity pattern indicates that MAR (Multiple Antibiotic Resistance) index was more than 0.2 for almost all the uropathogens tested concluding that there is antibiotic stress on uropathogens and rate of resistance increased rapidly. Also it was found that there was a statistically significant association between the duration of catheterization, type of disease, age of patient and type of catheter with respect to gender.
文摘Preliminary results of our study related to simultaneous waste water purification by photocatalytic degradation of organic impurity (Methylene Blue dye) and its effects on seed germination are presented here. It is interesting and important to know that complete degradation of the dye occurs within 2 hours and does not adversely affect the seed germination process. It is concluded that waste water purification by photocatalysis and seed germination (agriculture) can be carried out simultaneously, opening a way for advanced agriculture.
文摘We have studied Locally Rotationally Symmetric (LRS) Bianchi type-I cosmological model filled with anisotropic fluid in general theory of relativity. The solutions of the field equations are obtained by using special form of deceleration parameter which gives early deceleration and late time accelerating cosmological model. The geometrical and physical aspect of the model is also studied.
文摘In this paper, an adaptive subcarrier allocation scheme with reconfiguration of operating parameters for Cognitive Radio Networks (CRN) is presented. A QoS-conscious spectrum decision frame work is projected, where spectrum bands are determined by considering the application requirements as well as the dynamic nature of the spectrum bands. The novel subcarrier allocation algorithm is developed to fulfill different performance objective as a solution for subcarrier allocation and power allocation problem for Cognitive Radio (CR) users in CRNs. It employs operating frequency parameter modification using Proportional Resource Algorithm and Genetic Algorithm (GA). The multi objective optimization problem with equality and inequality constraint is considered. Moreover, a dynamic subcarrier allocations scheme is developed based on GA to decide on the spectrum bands adaptively dependent on the time-varying CR network capacity. The proposed algorithm targets to achieve maximum data rate for each subcarrier, maximize the overall network throughput and maximize the number of satisfied user under the constraints of bandwidth and guarantee Quality of Service (QoS) requirement from dynamic spectrum management (DSM) perspective. Moreover, it determines the best available channel.
文摘The stable and crystalline phase of pure nanostructured CeO2 was directly synthesized by flame-assisted spray pyrolysis and solid state diffusion route. Different characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), ultraviolet–visible(UVVis), and thermo gravimetric analysis(TGA) were employed to examine the structural, morphological, optical, and thermal properties of the final product. Similarly, the comparative carbon dioxide(CO2)-sensing response of as-synthesized Ce O2 nanoparticles by both routes was also reported. The CeO2 nanoparticles synthesized by solid state diffusion method exhibit good sensitivity(3.38 %) at room temperature,low operating temperature(398 K), fast response time(32 s),and recovery time(36 s) along with good stability.
文摘The red-orange emitting phosphor YBO3:Eu3+ was prepared by aldo-keto method and solid state diffusion. Aldo-keto method implied to decrease the processing time and heating temperature. The red-orange emitting phosphor was characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), as well as emission and excitation photoluminescence spectra recorded at room temperature. The result of aldo-keto method showed that the phosphor YBO3:Eu3+ could be obtained at 900℃ in less time ~60% as compared to solid state diffusion(SSD). The material showed that the strongest emission peak at 595 nm under excitation at 233 nm was only due to forced magnetic dipole 5D0→7F1 transition of Eu3+ ions. Significantly, the emission intensity of YBO3:Eu3+ phosphor prepared by aldo-keto method was relatively higher as compared to that obtained by the solid state diffusion.
文摘The dosimetric phosphors Li_3PO_4:M(M=Tb, Cu) were produced by modified solid-state method.The structural and morphological characterization was carried out through X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscope(SEM). Additionally, the photoluminescence(PL), thermoluminescence(TL) and optically stimulated luminescence(OSL) properties of powder Li_3PO_4 doped with Tb and Cu were studied. It is advocated that Li_3PO_4: Cu phosphor not only shows higher OSL sensitivity(25 times or more) but also gives faster decay in OSL signals than that of Li_3PO_4: Tb^(3+) phosphor. The minimum detectable dose(MDD) of Li_3PO_4:M(M=Tb,Cu) phosphors is found to be 21.69 × 10^(-3) and 3.33 ×10^(-6) J·kg^(-1),respectively. In OSL mode, phosphor shows linear dose response in the range of 0.02-20.00 J·kg^(-1).In TL mode, sensitivity of Li_3PO_4: Cu phosphor is more than that of Li_3PO_4: Tb phosphor. The kinetics parameters such as activation energy and frequency factors were determined by peak shape method, and photoionization cross sections of prepared phosphor were calculated.
文摘For the first time,sodium metasilicate(SMS) doped ammonium dihydrogen phosphate(ADP) crystal was grown by slow evaporation solution technique. The unit cell parameters of grown crystal were determined by means of single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. The qualitative analysis of SMS doped ADP crystal was carried out using energy dispersive X-ray and Fourier transform infrared analysis. The increase in optical transparency of doped ADP crystal was ascertained in the range of 200–900 nm using the UV-visible spectral analysis. The vital optical constants were evaluated using the transmittance data to explore various optical device applications of crystal. The assertive influence of SMS on mechanical and dielectric behavior of ADP crystal was investigated by means of Vickers microhardness analysis and dielectric studies,respectively. The enhancement in second harmonic generation(SHG) efficiency of SMS doped ADP crystal with reference to potassium dihydrogen phosphate(KDP) and ADP was confirmed from Kurtz–Perry SHG test. The Kerr lensing nonlinearity in SMS doped ADP crystal was identified by means of Z-scan analysis and the third order nonlinear optical susceptibility(χ~3) was found to be6.19×10^(-5)esu,which vitalizes its application for laser stabilization systems.
文摘We investigate the DC transport properties of 60V_(2)O_(5)-5P_(2)O_(5)-(35-x)B_(2)O_(3)-xDy_(2)O_(3)(x=0.4,0.6,0.8,1.0 and 1.2 mol%)glasses as function of temperature which were prepared using the conventional melt-quenching method.These glasses are characterised by thermo gravimetric-differential thermal analysis(TG-DTA).Activation energy(E_(DC))is obtained from Arrhenius plots of temperature-dependent DC conductivity,and it is found to be 0.30 eV for high conducting glass.In order to understand the role of Dy_(2)O_(3) in these glasses,the density and molar volume are investigated.The results show that molar volume of the glass increases with the increasing of Dy2O_(3) concentration.The ionic conductivity is found to be dominant over the electronic conductivity and varies between 82%and 96%.
