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Drought Impacts on Vegetation Indices and Productivity of Terrestrial Ecosystems in Southwestern China During 2001–2012 被引量:3
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作者 ZHOU Lei WANG Shaoqiang +1 位作者 CHI Yonggang WANG Junbang 《Chinese Geographical Science》 SCIE CSCD 2018年第5期784-796,共13页
Drought, as a recurring extreme climate event, affects the structure, function, and process of terrestrial ecosystems. Despite the increasing occurrence and intensity of the drought in the past decade in Southwestern ... Drought, as a recurring extreme climate event, affects the structure, function, and process of terrestrial ecosystems. Despite the increasing occurrence and intensity of the drought in the past decade in Southwestern China, the impacts of continuous drought events on vegetation in this region remain unclear. During 2001–2012, Southwestern China experienced the severe drought events from 2009 to 2011. Our aim is to characterize drought conditions in the Southwestern China and explore the impacts on the vegetation condition and terrestrial ecosystem productivity. The Standardized Precipitation Index(SPI) was used to characterize drought area and intensity and a light-use efficiency model was used to explore the effect of drought on the terrestrial ecosystem productivity with Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer(MODIS) data. The SPI captured the major drought events in Southwestern China during the study period, indicated that the 12-year period of this study included both ‘normal' precipitation years and two severe drought events in 2009–2010 and 2011. Results showed that vegetation greenness(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI and Enhanced Vegetation Index, EVI) both declined in 2009/2010 drought, but the 2011 drought resulted in less declines of vegetation greenness and productivity due to shorten drought duration and rising temperature. Meanwhile, it was about 5 months lapse between drought events and maximum declines in vegetation greenness for 2009/2010 drought events. In addition, forest, grassland and cropland revealed significant different ecosystem responses to drought. It indicated that grassland showed an early sensitivity to drought, while cropland was the most sensitive to water deficit and forest was more resilient to drought. This study suggests that it is necessary to detect the difference responses of ecosystem to drought in a regional area with satellite data and ecosystem model. 展开更多
关键词 DROUGHT Standardized Precipitation Index(SPI) vegetation indices Net Primary Productivity(NPP) Southwestern China
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Improved sea-ice radiative processes in a global coupled climate model 被引量:1
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作者 LIU Jiping ZHANG Zhanhai WU Huiding 《Acta Oceanologica Sinica》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2005年第6期68-79,共12页
The NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) coupled global climatemodel was used to investigate the sensitivity of sea ice to improved representations of sea-iceradiative processes: (1) a more sophisticated su... The NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) coupled global climatemodel was used to investigate the sensitivity of sea ice to improved representations of sea-iceradiative processes: (1) a more sophisticated surface albedo scheme and (2) the penetration of solarradiation in sea ice. The results show that the large-scale sea-ice conditions are very sensitiveto the aforementioned parameteriza-tions. Although the more sophisticated surface albedo schemeproduces a more realistic seasonal cycle of the surface albedo as compared with the baselinesimulation, the resulting higher albedo relative to the baseline simulation generates much more andthicker ice in the arctic. The penetration of solar radiation in sea-ice itself tends to reduce theice cover and thickness in the entire arctic and the western antarctic, and increase the ice coverand thickness in the eastern antarctic. The combination of (1) and (2) significantly improves thesimulations of the average ice thickness and its spatial distribution in the arctic. The atmosphericresponses associated with sea-ice changes were also discussed. While improvements are seen,particularly of the ice thickness distribution, there are still some unrealistic aspects that willrequire further improvements to the sea-ice component. 展开更多
关键词 sea ice GISS coupled model surface albedo penetration of solar radiation arctic and antarctic
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盐度对甲烷气水合物系统的影响 被引量:11
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作者 杨顶辉 XU Wenyue 《中国科学(D辑)》 CSCD 北大核心 2007年第10期1370-1381,共12页
从描述天然气水合物系统的动力学模型出发,利用拟解析方法将纯甲烷气水合物系统的稳态模型推广到包含盐度的情况.基于包含盐度的这种新稳态模型,通过数值方法来确定甲烷气水合物稳定带(MHSZ)和甲烷气水合物实际存在区(MHZ)的顶界和底界... 从描述天然气水合物系统的动力学模型出发,利用拟解析方法将纯甲烷气水合物系统的稳态模型推广到包含盐度的情况.基于包含盐度的这种新稳态模型,通过数值方法来确定甲烷气水合物稳定带(MHSZ)和甲烷气水合物实际存在区(MHZ)的顶界和底界、以及游离气存在区的顶界.数值结果表明,甲烷气水合物实际存在区的厚度随盐度的增大而变薄;盐的存在降低了气体水合物的稳定性,引起MHSZ的底界上移,进而导致水合物稳定带的厚度比纯水情况下的厚度变薄.另一方面,由于降低溶解度会减少形成水合物所需气体的数量,所以海水中盐的存在可能会促进更多天然气水合物在稳定带的形成.数值模拟结果也表明,对于盐水情况,在天然气水合物稳定区甲烷气的存在并不能充分保证气体水合物的生成,只有当溶解于盐溶液中的甲烷气浓度大于盐水中的甲烷气溶解度,并且甲烷气通量大于相应的甲烷气扩散传输率的临界值时,甲烷气水合物才会生成.为了保持海洋沉积物中气水合物的存在或形成甲烷气水合物,甲烷气源源不断的供给是必需的,只有这样,才能补偿因甲烷气扩散和对流所引起的损失,这些源源不断的甲烷气可能是源于微生物或者地热过程. 展开更多
关键词 甲烷气水合物 溶解度 水合物稳定性 盐度 相平衡
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