Dwindling energy sources and a worsening environment are huge global problems,and biomass wastes are an under-exploited source of material for both energy and material generation.Herein,self-template decoction dregs o...Dwindling energy sources and a worsening environment are huge global problems,and biomass wastes are an under-exploited source of material for both energy and material generation.Herein,self-template decoction dregs of Ganoderma lucidum-derived porous carbon nanotubes(ST-DDLGCs)were synthesized via a facile and scalable strategy in response to these challenges.ST-DDLGCs exhibited a large surface area(1731.51 m^(2)g^(-1))and high pore volume(0.76 cm^(3)g^(-1)),due to the interlacing tubular structures of precursors and extra-hierarchical porous structures on tube walls.In the ST-DDLGC/PMS system,the degradation efficiency of capecitabine(CAP)reached~97.3%within 120 min.Moreover,ST-DDLGCs displayed high catalytic activity over a wide pH range of 3–9,and strong anti-interference to these typical and ubiquitous anions in wastewater and natural water bodies(i.e.,H_(2)PO_(4)^(-),NO_(3)^(-),Cl^(-) and HCO_(3)^(-)),in which a ^(1)O_(2)-dominated oxidation was identified and non-radical mechanisms were deduced.Additionally,ST-DDLGC-based coin-type symmetrical supercapacitors exhibited outstanding electrochemical performance,with specific capacitances of up to 328.1 F g^(-1)at 0.5 A g^(-1),and cycling stability of up to 98.6%after 10,000 cycles at a current density of 2 A g^(-1).The superior properties of ST-DDLGCs could be attributed to the unique porous tubular structure,which facilitated mass transfer and presented numerous active sites.The results highlight ST-DDLGCs as a potential candidate for constructing inexpensive and advanced environmentally functional materials and energy storage devices.展开更多
Kathon(CMI-MI),a mixture of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one(CMI)and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one(MI),was extensively used in industry as a nonoxidizing biocide or disinfectant.However,it would show adverse eff...Kathon(CMI-MI),a mixture of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one(CMI)and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one(MI),was extensively used in industry as a nonoxidizing biocide or disinfectant.However,it would show adverse effects on aquatic life when it is discharged into surface water.In this study,the removal performance,parameter influence,degradation products and enhancement of subsequent biodegradation of CMI-MI in UV/H_(2)O_(2)system were systematically investigated.The degradation rate of CMI-MI could reach 90%under UV irradiation for 20 min when the dosage of H_(2)O_(2)was 0.3 mmol·L^(–1).The DOC(dissolved organic carbon)mineralization rate of CMI-MI could reach 35%under certain conditions([H_(2)O_(2)]=0.3 mmol·L^(–1),UV irradiation for 40 min).kobs was inversely proportional to the concentration of CMI-MI and proportional to the concentration of H_(2)O_(2).The degradation rate of CMIMI was almost unchanged in the pH range from 4 to 10.Except the presence of CO_(3)^(2-)inhibited the removal rate of CMI-MI,SO_(4)^(2-),Cl^(-),NO_(3)^(-),and NH_(4)^(+) did not interfere with the degradation of CMI-MI in the system.It was found that UV/H_(2)O_(2)system had lower energy consumption and more economic advantage compared with UV/PS system by comparing the EEO(electric energy per order)values under the same conditions.Two main organic products were identified,namely HCOOH and CH_(3)NH_(2).There’s also the formation of Cl^(-)and SO_(4)^(2-).After UV and UV/H_(2)O_(2)photolysis,the biochemical properties of CMI-MI solution were obviously improved,especially the UV/H_(2)O_(2)treatment effect was better,indicating that UV/H_(2)O_(2)technology is expected to combine with biotechnology to remove CMI-MI effectively and environmentally friendly from wastewater.展开更多
Large-scale land consolidation projects(LCPs)have been carried out on the Loess Plateau to increase the area of agriculture land.The newly created land is prone to soil erosion under the effects of water and gravity.T...Large-scale land consolidation projects(LCPs)have been carried out on the Loess Plateau to increase the area of agriculture land.The newly created land is prone to soil erosion under the effects of water and gravity.Taking a typical high-filling body(HFB)formed by LCPs in Yan’an,China as the subject,this study comprehensively investigated the types and causes of soil erosion with multiple methods of field investigation,on-site monitoring and laboratory tests.Results showed that the HFB presented a composite pattern of soil erosion with multiple types mainly including underground erosion,mixed water-gravity erosion,seepage erosion,and scouring erosion.The type of erosion varied spatially in different parts of the HFB depending on the dominant factors,mainly including the groundwater state,rainfall,runoff,gravity action,topography,and soil erodibility.The underground erosion mainly occurred at the positions with higher groundwater level and larger hydraulic gradient,while scouring erosion mainly occurred at the positions with extensive interactions of surface runoff,channel slope gradient and soil properties.And near the leading edge of the top of the slope,a band of mixed watergravity erosion occurred owing to the effects of water and gravity.In addition,nearly saturated soils at the toe of HFB displayed groundwater exfiltration and slope-face slumping.Based on our findings on the causes and variation of soil erosion for the HFB,we proposed the following erosion prevention and control measures to protect the LCPs on the Loess Plateau:to construct drainage ditches and blind ditches to form a complete drainage system,plant alfalfa on the top platform to increase rainfall interception and reduce surface runoff,set seepage ditches and plant deep-rooted plants at the toe of the slope to improve slope toe stability,monitor groundwater level and slope deformation to learn the erosion dynamics and slope stability,and optimize the geometry of HFB such as the slope gradient and slope steps to reduce soil erosion.展开更多
In the search of alternative resources to make commodity chemicals and transportation fuels for a low carbon future,lignocellulosic biomass with over 180-billion-ton annual production rate has been identified as a pro...In the search of alternative resources to make commodity chemicals and transportation fuels for a low carbon future,lignocellulosic biomass with over 180-billion-ton annual production rate has been identified as a promising feedstock.This review focuses on the state-of-the-art catalytic transformation of lignocellulosic biomass into value-added chemicals and fuels.Following a brief introduction on the structure,major resources and pretreatment methods of lignocellulosic biomass,the catalytic conversion of three main components,i.e.,cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin,into various compounds are comprehensively discussed.Either in separate steps or in one-pot,cellulose and hemicellulose are hydrolyzed into sugars and upgraded into oxygen-containing chemicals such as 5-HMF,furfural,polyols,and organic acids,or even nitrogen-containing chemicals such as amino acids.On the other hand,lignin is first depolymerized into phenols,catechols,guaiacols,aldehydes and ketones,and then further transformed into hydrocarbon fuels,bioplastic precursors and bioactive compounds.The review then introduces the transformations of whole biomass via catalytic gasification,catalytic pyrolysis,as well as emerging strategies.Finally,opportunities,challenges and prospective of woody biomass valorization are highlighted.展开更多
Cadmium(Cd) contamination in soils is a global ecological threat. Conventional powdered biochar added to soil can temporarily immobilize Cd but is difficult to separate from soil, leading to secondary release of Cd an...Cadmium(Cd) contamination in soils is a global ecological threat. Conventional powdered biochar added to soil can temporarily immobilize Cd but is difficult to separate from soil, leading to secondary release of Cd and posing potential ecological and human health risks. The blocky biochar is also difficult to separate from the soil due to its fragile nature. One of the keys to overcome the difficulties in separating biochar from soil is to improve its mechanical strength. Blocky zeolite-biochar composites(ZBC) that have good mechanical strength were obtained after pyrolyzing the mixture of 50% feedstock and 50% zeolite powder at 400 ℃. ZBC and NaOH-activated ZBC(ZBC_a) were applied to remove Cd from soil. After sieving Cd-loaded ZBC and ZBC_a from soil, the bioavailable Cd content in the soil decreased by 59.70% and 68.54%,respectively. Zeolite contributed to improving both adsorption performance and mechanical properties of the composites. After repeating the process of “remediation-sieving-desorption-regeneration” three times, the recoveries of ZBC and ZBC_a were above 97.00%, and regeneration rates were 48.70-83.26%,respectively. Under simulated mechanical sieving conditions, ZBC and ZBC_a lost only 4.06% and 5.40%of their mass and retained their integrity. Remediation of Cd-contaminated soil with blocky zeolitebiochar composite is sustainable and safe because the removal of bioavailable Cd from soil is permanent rather than a temporary decrease of bioavailability. This study provides a reference for the preparation of separable and recyclable adsorbents for the removal of contaminants from soil.展开更多
Using N-methyl-D-glucosamine(NMDG)as the functional monomer,glycidyl methacrylate(GMA)as the connecting monomer,functionalized Fe3O4 nano-particles(NPs)as the support,three adsorbents were prepared including direct po...Using N-methyl-D-glucosamine(NMDG)as the functional monomer,glycidyl methacrylate(GMA)as the connecting monomer,functionalized Fe3O4 nano-particles(NPs)as the support,three adsorbents were prepared including direct polymer GMA-NMDG,magnetic GMA-NMDG polymer(MGN),and boron magnetic ion-imprinted polymer(BMIIP).Based upon the optimization of synthesis conditions,the prepared adsorbents and intermediate products were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,thermogravimetric analysis,scanning electron microscope,energy dispersive spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,vibrating sample magnetometer,and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller to investigate the synthesis process,the morphological structure and the functional properties of the materials.The optimum performances of GMA-NMDG,MGN and BMIIP were obtained in the initial neutral solution(pH of 6.5).Moreover,GMANMDG and MGN reached the maximum adsorption capacity at 120 min,whereas BMIIP reached adsorption saturation at 60 min.The pseudo-second-order kinetic model was more suitable for the adsorption of boron using the adsorbents.The maximum adsorption capacity of GMA-NMDG was found to be 43.4 mg·g^(-1),while those of MGN and BMIIP were 32.5 and 28.3 mg·g^(-1),respectively.The Langmuir isotherm model was more appropriate to describe the adsorption process.The adsorbents maintained satisfactory adsorption performance within a certain temperature range.Competing ions had little effect on the adsorption of boron,and would be adsorbed simultaneously,due to which,the effect of co-adsorption can be considered.The adsorption capacity of GMA-NMDG was high,while the adsorption selectivity of BMIIP was much better.Furthermore,BMIIP showed good adsorption after five cycles of adsorption and desorption.The comparison of adsorbents showed that GMA-NMDG had the highest adsorption capacity and was suitable for co-adsorption.MGN had a high adsorption capacity,good comprehensive performance and magnetic properties.BMIIP had better adsorption rate,adsorption selectivity and recyclability.Through the optimization of synthesis conditions,the adsorption capacity of the traditional monomer NMDG polymer was increased,and the magnetism was given to facilitate rapid recovery.Combined with the ion imprinting technology,it showed higher boron adsorption selectivity in the presence of competitive ions.展开更多
The MoS_(2)-based materials are a vital class of heterogeneous catalysts for the hydrodeoxygenation of lignin and its model compounds to produce value-added chemicals especially because of their unique selectivity to ...The MoS_(2)-based materials are a vital class of heterogeneous catalysts for the hydrodeoxygenation of lignin and its model compounds to produce value-added chemicals especially because of their unique selectivity to aromatics.The rational design of MoS_(2)-based catalyst greatly depends on the comprehensive understanding of its structure-activity relationship.However,an intensive summary and critical analysis are still scarce to date.In this review,we attempt to provide an in-depth understanding of the interplay of structure,catalysis,and stability of MoS_(2)-based catalysts for lignin hydrodeoxygenation.The recognition of intrinsic active sites on MoS_(2) structure was firstly discussed,followed by the illustration of MoS_(2)-catalyzed hydrodeoxygenation structural models.Afterward,based on the studies on the MoS_(2)-catalyzed lignin model compounds hydrodeoxygenation,the current active site modification strategies including structural modification of monometallic MoS_(2) catalysts and collaborative modification were summarized and emphatically discussed,which aims to elucidate the structure-activity relationship at the atomic-level.The deactivation mechanism and stabilization strategies were also illustrated to provide instructive suggestion for the rational design of efficient and stable MoS_(2)-based catalysts.Finally,the real lignin depolymerization over MoS_(2)-based catalysts was summarized to point out the advantages and difficulties.This review attempts to highlight the remaining challenges and provide some perspectives for the future development of MoS_(2)-based catalysts for lignin hydrodeoxygenation.展开更多
Photoelectrochemical(PEC) technology provides a promising prospect for the transformation of polyethylene terephthalate(PET) plastic wastes to produce value-added chemicals.The PEC catalytic systems with high activity...Photoelectrochemical(PEC) technology provides a promising prospect for the transformation of polyethylene terephthalate(PET) plastic wastes to produce value-added chemicals.The PEC catalytic systems with high activity,selectivity and long-term durability are required for the future up-scaling industrial applications.Herein,we employed the interfacial modification strategy to develop an efficient and stable photoanode and evaluated its PEC activity for ethylene glycol(EG,derived from PET hydrolysate) oxidation to formic acid.The interfacial modification between Fe_(2)O_(3)semiconductor and Ni(OH)xcocatalyst with ultrathin TiO_(x) interlayer not only improved the photocurrent density by accelerating the kinetics of photogenerated charge carriers,but also kept the high Faradaic efficiency(over 95% in 30 h) towards the value-added formic acid product.This work proposes an effective method to promote the PEC activity and enhance the long-term stability of photoelectrodes for upcycling PET plastic wastes.展开更多
Complex hydrocultural conditions in the estuary affect the migration and transformation of mercury.Using two voyages in July and October 2018,Dissolved Gaseous Mercury(DGM)and Reactive Mercury(RHg)were determined to e...Complex hydrocultural conditions in the estuary affect the migration and transformation of mercury.Using two voyages in July and October 2018,Dissolved Gaseous Mercury(DGM)and Reactive Mercury(RHg)were determined to explore the source,transformation and influence of DGM content in the adjacent waters of Yangtze River Estuary in summer and autumn.The results showed the contents of DGM and RHg in summer were higher than those in autumn,and both of them were higher than those in open sea.In summer and autumn,the Yangtze River brought a higher concentration of DGM,and different flow direction and runoff resulted in differences in the high value region of the surface.The emergence of low-oxygen zones in summer was conducive to the production of DGM.In autumn,windy weather allowed seawater disturbances to promote the release of mercury from the underlying sediments,especially in shallow sea in northwest.RHg showed a higher concentration in the offshore than in the open sea in summer,but there was no such trend in autumn,reflecting the influence of less runoff input.DGM is the main product of RHg reduction,and there was a significant positive correlation between DGM and RHg in summer(r=0.356,P<0.05),while the correlation between DGM and RHg was not significant in autumn due to the influence of light intensity,wind speed and nutrients.The exchange flux of mercury in the adjacent waters of the Yangtze River Estuary was higher than that in the open sea.There was no significant difference of the release flux of mercury in summer and autumn.This article highlighted that the input of mercury from the Yangtze River runoff promotes the release of mercury in seawater,and the hypoxic zone caused by eutrophication is conducive to the production of DGM.展开更多
Sodium-contained compounds are promising sintering additives for the low-temperature preparation of reaction bonded SiC membranes.Although sodium-based sintering additives in various original states were attempted,the...Sodium-contained compounds are promising sintering additives for the low-temperature preparation of reaction bonded SiC membranes.Although sodium-based sintering additives in various original states were attempted,their effects on microstructure and surface properties have rarely been studied.In this work,three types of sodium-based additives,including solid-state NaA zeolite residue(NaA)and liquidstate dodecylbenzene sulfonate(SDBS)and water glass(WG),were separately adopted to prepare SiC membranes,and the microstructure,surface characteristics and filtration performance of these SiC membranes were comparatively studied.Results showed that the SiC membranes prepared with liquid-state SDBS and WG(S-SDBS and S-WG)showed lower open porosity yet higher bending strength compared to those prepared with solid-state NaA(S-NaA).The observed differences in bending strength were further interpreted by analyzing the reaction process of each sintering additive and the composition of the bonding phase in the reaction bonded SiC membranes.Meanwhile,the microstructural differentiation was correlated to the original state of the additives.In addition,their surface characteristics and filtration performance for oil-in-water emulsion were examined and correlated to the membrane microstructure.The S-NaA samples showed higher hydrophilicity,lower surface roughness(1.80μm)and higher rejection ratio(99.99%)in O/W emulsion separation than those of S-WG and S-SDBS.This can be attributed to the smaller mean pore size and higher open porosity,resulting from the originally solid-state NaA additives.Therefore,this work revealed the comprehensive effects of original state of sintering additives on the prepared SiC membranes,which could be helpful for the application-oriented fabrication by choosing additives in suitable state.展开更多
Subterranean estuaries(STE)are important seawater-groundwater mixing zones with complex biogeochemical processes,which play a vital role in the migration and transformation of dissolved materials.In this study,we firs...Subterranean estuaries(STE)are important seawater-groundwater mixing zones with complex biogeochemical processes,which play a vital role in the migration and transformation of dissolved materials.In this study,we first investigated the spatial distributions of dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN),dissolved inorganic phosphorous(DIP),dissolved inorganic silicon(DSi)and metal elements(As,Ba,Cr,Cu,Fe,Mn,Ni,Pb,and Zn)in STE including upper intertidal,seepage face and subtidal zones.We then estimated submarine groundwater discharge(SGD)and associated nutrient and metal element fluxes.From the generalized Darcy’s law method,SGD was estimated to be 30.13 cm/d,which was about 7 times larger than the inflow(4.16 cm/d).The nutrient and metal fluxes from SGD were estimated to be(5.33±4.99)mmol/(m^(2)·d)for DIN,(0.22±0.03)mmol/(m^(2)·d)for DIP,(16.20±2.05)mmol/(m^(2)·d)for DSi,(1325.06±99.10)μmol/(m^(2)·d)for Fe,(143.41±25.13)μmol/(m^(2)·d)for Mn,(304.06±81.07)μmol/(m^(2)·d)for Zn,(140.21±13.33)μmol/(m^(2)·d)for Cu,(84.49±2.94)μmol/(m^(2)·d)for Pb,(37.38±5.51)μmol/(m^(2)·d)for Ba,(27.88±3.89)μmol/(m^(2)·d)for Cr,(10.10±6.33)μmol/(m^(2)·d)for Ni,and(6.25±3.45)μmol/(m^(2)·d)for As.The nutrient and metal fluxes from SGD were relatively higher than those from the inflow,suggesting that nearshore groundwater acted as the sources of nutrients and metal elements discharging into the sea.The environmental potential pollution of coastal seawater was evaluated by pollution factor index(Pi),comprehensive water quality index(CWQI),and ecological risk index(ERI).Pb mainly caused potential danger of nearshore environment with considerable contamination(Pi=5.78±0.19),heavy pollution(CWQI=4.09)and high ecological risk(ERI=18.00).This study contributed to better understanding the behavior of nutrients and metal elements and improving the sustainable management of STE under the pressure of anthropogenic activities and climate change.展开更多
Deep shale gas(3500-4500 m)will be the important succeeding field for the growth of shale gas production in China.Under the condition of high temperature and high pressure in deep shale gas reservoirs,its gas occurren...Deep shale gas(3500-4500 m)will be the important succeeding field for the growth of shale gas production in China.Under the condition of high temperature and high pressure in deep shale gas reservoirs,its gas occurrence characteristics are markedly different from those of medium and shallow layers.To elucidate the gas occurrence characteristics and controlling factors of deep shales in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation,methane adsorption,low-temperature N2,and cO2 adsorption experi-ments were conducted.The results show that in deep shales,the mesopores provide approximately 75%of the total specific surface area(SA)and 90%of the total pore volume(PV).Based on two hypotheses and comparing the theoretical and actual adsorption capacity,it is speculated that methane is adsorbed in deep shale in the form of micropore filling,and free gas is mainly stored in the mesopores.Correlation analysis demonstrated that ToC is the key material constraint for the adsorption capacity of deep shale,and micropore SSA is the key spatial constraint.Other minerals and mesopore parameters have limited effect on the amount of adsorbed gas.Moreover,the free gas content ranges from 2.72 m^(3)/t to 6.20 m^(3)/t,with an average value of 4.60 m^(3)/t,and the free gas content ratio is approximately 58%,suggesting that the deep shale gas reservoirs are dominated by free gas.This ratio may also increase to approximately 70%when considering the formation temperature effect on adsorbed gas.Gas density,porosity,and gas saturation are the main controlling factors of free gas content,resulting in significantly larger free gas content in deep shale than in shallower formations.展开更多
`The application of sewage sludge(SS)to forested lands may lead to the downward migration of potentially toxic elements(PTEs)through rainfall and thus pose risk to the subsoil and groundwater.Batch column experiments ...`The application of sewage sludge(SS)to forested lands may lead to the downward migration of potentially toxic elements(PTEs)through rainfall and thus pose risk to the subsoil and groundwater.Batch column experiments were conducted using leaching water equivalent to the rainfall amount in the study area over 3 years to investigate changes in concentrations of PTEs,including copper(Cu),zinc(Zn),lead(Pb),cadmium(Cd),and nickel(Ni)in the leachate from the acidic forest soil.Water quality index of leachate,potential ecological risk and human health risk in soil at different leaching stages were compared.Sewage sludge was applied at SS/soil mass ratios of 0:100(controls),15:85(T1),30:70(T2),45:55(T3),60:40(T4),and 75:25(T5).All treatments resulted in increased PTEs concentration in the upper 20 cm soil,T3-T5 increased potential ecological risk from"low"(control)to"moderate"or"considerable".During first year leaching,PTEs concentration increased with increasing SS/soil ratios,but the water quality index of T1-T3 was"excellent"or"good".Pb,Cu,Cd,and Ni in the 20-40 cm soil depth,and Zn in the 60-80 cm soil depth were also enriched,but potential ecological risk was"low".In subsequent leaching,PTEs concentration of leachate gradually returned to the background value and water quality index was"excellent".There were no significant changes in PTEs and ecological risk observed.During the monitoring process,the health risk caused by the migration of PTEs to the human body was always within the acceptable range.Overall,this study provides a reference for the management of risks from the application of SS on forestlands,i.e.,SS/soil ratios<45:55 is recommended on forestlands,and special attention should be given to early leaching risk.In addition,it also provides an important assessment method for the risk of PTEs leaching and migration in forested land application.展开更多
Subterranean estuaries,i.e.,the mixing zone between terrestrial groundwater and recirculated seawater,host a wide range of microbiota.Here,field campaigns were conducted at the mouth of the subterranean estuary at the...Subterranean estuaries,i.e.,the mixing zone between terrestrial groundwater and recirculated seawater,host a wide range of microbiota.Here,field campaigns were conducted at the mouth of the subterranean estuary at the Sanggou Bay(Shandong Province,China)over four consecutive seasons at a seepage face(0−20 cm depth).The diversity of benthic microbiome was characterized via 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metagenomics,combined with physic-chemical parameters,e.g.,organic carbon,total nitrogen and sulfate contents in sediments.During spring,the dominant species were assigned to the phylum Proteobacteria.Important opportunistic species was assigned to Acidobacteria,Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes.The key components were identified to be species of the genera Pseudoalteromonas,Colwellia and Sphingobium,indicating the involvement of sediment microbiota in the degradation of sedimentary organic carbon,particularly that of pelagic origin,e.g.,phytoplankton detritus and bivalve pseudo-feces.During spring,the microbial community was statistically similar along the depth profiles and among the three sampled stations.Similar spatial distributions were obtained in the remaining seasons.By contrast,the dominant species assemblages varied significantly among seasons,with key genera being Thioprofundum and Nitrosopumilus during summer and autumn and Thioprofundum and Ilumatobacter during winter.Network analysis revealed a seasonal shift in benthic nitrogen and sulfur metabolism associated with these variations in microbial community composition.Overall,our findings suggested that macro elements derived from pelagic inputs,particularly detrital phytoplankton,shaped the microbial community compositions at the seepage face,resulting in significant seasonal variations,while the influence of terrestrial materials transported by groundwater on the sediment microbiota at the seepage face found to be minor.展开更多
China has paid considerable attention to developing and implementing a carbon labeling system in response to increasing environmental issues such as global warming.This paper aims to provide a theoretical basis for fo...China has paid considerable attention to developing and implementing a carbon labeling system in response to increasing environmental issues such as global warming.This paper aims to provide a theoretical basis for formulating and implementing a carbon labeling system in China through a study of consumer acceptance behavior and its influencing factors.This paper constructed an extended model of consumers’acceptance behavior of carbon neutral labels based on the theories and methods of Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology(UTAUT)and analyzed the effects of five factors(carbon label cognition,performance expectancy,effort expectancy,social influence,and facilitating factors)on consumer carbon neutral label acceptance and adoption.The structural equation model analysis revealed that carbon label cognition,performance expectancy,social influence,and facilitating factors significantly,and positively impact consumers’acceptance of carbon neutral labels.Moreover,carbon label cognition,performance expectancy,and facilitating factors significantly,and positively affect consumers’carbon neutral label adoption behavior.Meanwhile,carbon label cognition,and effort expectancy have no significant impact on consumers’willingness to accept carbon neutral labels,which in turn significantly impacts consumers’carbon neutral label adoption behavior.According to the research findings,increasing the promotion of carbon labeling and improving the practical strategies and management recommendations for carbon label design are proposed.展开更多
To date,little attention has been paid to the effects of organophosphate esters(OPEs)pollution on aquacultural environment and aquatic product safety.Huanghe(Yellow)River delta area is one of the largest aquaculture c...To date,little attention has been paid to the effects of organophosphate esters(OPEs)pollution on aquacultural environment and aquatic product safety.Huanghe(Yellow)River delta area is one of the largest aquaculture centers in China,where ecological security protection is crucial in the national strategy of China.To explore the pollution characteristics,bioaccumulation,and health risks of OPEs in aquaculture farms in the Huanghe River delta and natural water bodies in the adjacent seas,five species of organisms from different farm types nearby the Huanghe River delta,and the corresponding culture water and sediments were sampled in this study.The total concentrations of Σ_(13)OPEs in water,sediments,and organisms were 51.53-272.18 ng/L,52.63-63.17 ng/g dry weight(dw),and 46.82-108.90 ng/g dw,respectively.Among the five types of culture ponds,the water samples from the swimming crab and hairy crab culture ponds exhibited higher OPEs,the concentration of OPEs in the sediments from the few ponds was relatively balanced,and the OPEs in the organism from the holothurian ponds was higher.Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-isopropyl pho sphate)(TDCP)was the main contaminant in water samples and tripropyl phosphate(TPrP)in sediments and organisms.However,trisphenyl phosphate(TPhP)showed the strongest bioaccumulation ability,followed by 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate(EHDPP)and TPrP.The bioaccumulation capacities of the five species were as follows:prawn>holothurian>hairy crab>swimming crab>carp.These five types of organisms,as main seafood in human consumption,were at low risk of negative impacts of pollution.However,the risk from the mixture of organophosphate flame retardants(OPFRs)still requires more attention due to the increasing consumption and production in the world.展开更多
Water footprint(WF)measures human appropriation of water resources for consumptive use of surface and ground water(blue WF)and soil water(green WF)and for assimilating polluted water(grey WF).Questions have been often...Water footprint(WF)measures human appropriation of water resources for consumptive use of surface and ground water(blue WF)and soil water(green WF)and for assimilating polluted water(grey WF).Questions have been often asked about the exact meaning behind the numbers from WF accounting.However,to date environmental sustainability of WF has never been assessed at the sub-national level over time.This study evaluated the environmental sustainability of blue,green and grey WF for China’s 31 mainland provinces in 2002,2007 and 2012,and identified the unsustainable hotspots.Overall,the total WF increased by 30%between 2002 and 2012.The growth can be attributed to the increase of grey WF because the green and blue WF showed only a slight rise.Among all provinces investigated in 2012,eleven showed unsustainable blue WF(sustainability index SI<0),which were mainly located in the North China Plain.There were 12 provinces that displayed unsustainable green WF,and they were distributed in China’s southern and southeastern areas.The grey WF was not sustainable in approximately two third of provinces(19),which were mainly located in China’s middle and northern regions and Guangdong province.More than half of China’s provinces showed trends of improved SI of green and blue WF from 2002 to 2012.However,the SI of grey WF decreased in almost two third of provinces.Poor levels of WF sustainability were due to water scarcity and pollution,which intensify the degradation of local rivers and ecosystems and make restoration more difficult.The results shed light on the policy making needed to improve sustainable water management,and ecological restoration of hotspot regions.展开更多
In this study,the impact of different reaction times on the preparation of powdered activated carbon(PAC)using a one-step rapid activation method under flue gas atmosphere is investigated,and the underlying reaction m...In this study,the impact of different reaction times on the preparation of powdered activated carbon(PAC)using a one-step rapid activation method under flue gas atmosphere is investigated,and the underlying reaction mechanism is summarized.Results indicate that the reaction process of this method can be divided into three stages:stage I is the rapid release of volatiles and the rapid consumption of O_(2),primarily occurring within a reaction time range of 0-0.5 s;stage II is mainly the continuous release and diffusion of volatiles,which is the carbonization and activation coupling reaction stage,and the carbonization process is the main in this stage.This stage mainly occurs at the reaction time range of 0.5 -2.0 s when SL-coal is used as material,and that is 0.5-3.0 s when JJ-coal is used as material;stage III is mainly the activation stage,during which activated components diffuse to both the surface and interior of particles.This stage mainly involves the reaction stage of CO_(2)and H2O(g)activation,and it mainly occurs at the reaction time range of 2.0-4.0 s when SL-coal is used as material,and that is 3.0-4.0 s when JJ-coal is used as material.Besides,the main function of the first two stages is to provide more diffusion channels and contact surfaces/activation sites for the diffusion and activation of the activated components in the third stage.Mastering the reaction mechanism would serve as a crucial reference and foundation for designing the structure,size of the reactor,and optimal positioning of the activator nozzle in PAC preparation.展开更多
The pan-Arctic is confronted with air pollution transported from lower latitudes.Observations have shown that aerosols help increase plant photosynthesis through the diffuse radiation fertilization effects(DRFEs).Whil...The pan-Arctic is confronted with air pollution transported from lower latitudes.Observations have shown that aerosols help increase plant photosynthesis through the diffuse radiation fertilization effects(DRFEs).While such DRFEs have been explored at low to middle latitudes,the aerosol impacts on pan-Arctic ecosystems and the contributions by anthropogenic and natural emission sources remain less quantified.Here,we perform regional simulations at 0.2o×0.2ousing a well-validated vegetation model(Yale Interactive terrestrial Biosphere,YIBs)in combination with multi-source of observations to quantify the impacts of aerosol DRFEs on the net primary productivity(NPP)in the pan-Arctic during 2001-19.Results show that aerosol DRFEs increase pan-Arctic NPP by 2.19 Pg C(12.8%)yr^(-1)under clear-sky conditions,in which natural and anthropogenic sources contribute to 8.9% and 3.9%,respectively.Under all-sky conditions,such DRFEs are largely dampened by cloud to only 0.26 Pg C(1.24%)yr^(-1),with contributions of 0.65% by natural and 0.59% by anthropogenic species.Natural aerosols cause a positive NPP trend of 0.022% yr^(-1)following the increased fire activities in the pan-Arctic.In contrast,anthropogenic aerosols induce a negative trend of-0.01% yr^(-1)due to reduced emissions from the middle latitudes.Such trends in aerosol DRFEs show a turning point in the year of 2007 with more positive NPP trends by natural aerosols but negative NPP trends by anthropogenic aerosols thereafter.Though affected by modeling uncertainties,this study suggests a likely increasing impact of aerosols on terrestrial ecosystems in the pan-Arctic under global warming.展开更多
As socioeconomic development continues,the issue of building energy consumption has attracted significant attention,and improving the thermal insulation performance of buildings has become a crucial strategic measure....As socioeconomic development continues,the issue of building energy consumption has attracted significant attention,and improving the thermal insulation performance of buildings has become a crucial strategic measure.Simultaneously,the application of solid waste in insulation materials has also become a hot topic.This paper reviews the sources and classifications of solid waste,focusing on research progress in its application as insulation materials in the domains of daily life,agriculture,and industry.The research shows that incorporating household solid waste materials,such as waste glass,paper,and clothing scraps into cementitious thermal insulation can significantly reduce the thermal conductivity of the materials,leading to excellent thermal insulation properties.Insulation materials prepared from agricultural solid waste,such as barley straw,corn stalk,chicken feather,and date palm fibers,possess characteristics of lightweight and strong thermal insulation.Industrial solid waste,including waste tires,iron tailings,and coal bottom ash,can also be utilized in the preparation of insulation materials.These innovative applications not only have positive environmental significance by reducing waste emissions and resource consumption,but also provide efficient and sustainable insulation solutions for the construction industry.However,to further optimize the mix design and enhance the durability of insulation materials,continuous research is required to investigate the mechanisms through which solid waste impacts the performance of insulation materials.展开更多
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21908024,22078374 and 52100173)Key Realm Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2020B0202080001)+2 种基金Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province,China(2021B1212040008)Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture Project(NT2021010)Scientific and Technological Planning Project of Guangzhou(202206010145).
文摘Dwindling energy sources and a worsening environment are huge global problems,and biomass wastes are an under-exploited source of material for both energy and material generation.Herein,self-template decoction dregs of Ganoderma lucidum-derived porous carbon nanotubes(ST-DDLGCs)were synthesized via a facile and scalable strategy in response to these challenges.ST-DDLGCs exhibited a large surface area(1731.51 m^(2)g^(-1))and high pore volume(0.76 cm^(3)g^(-1)),due to the interlacing tubular structures of precursors and extra-hierarchical porous structures on tube walls.In the ST-DDLGC/PMS system,the degradation efficiency of capecitabine(CAP)reached~97.3%within 120 min.Moreover,ST-DDLGCs displayed high catalytic activity over a wide pH range of 3–9,and strong anti-interference to these typical and ubiquitous anions in wastewater and natural water bodies(i.e.,H_(2)PO_(4)^(-),NO_(3)^(-),Cl^(-) and HCO_(3)^(-)),in which a ^(1)O_(2)-dominated oxidation was identified and non-radical mechanisms were deduced.Additionally,ST-DDLGC-based coin-type symmetrical supercapacitors exhibited outstanding electrochemical performance,with specific capacitances of up to 328.1 F g^(-1)at 0.5 A g^(-1),and cycling stability of up to 98.6%after 10,000 cycles at a current density of 2 A g^(-1).The superior properties of ST-DDLGCs could be attributed to the unique porous tubular structure,which facilitated mass transfer and presented numerous active sites.The results highlight ST-DDLGCs as a potential candidate for constructing inexpensive and advanced environmentally functional materials and energy storage devices.
基金support of experimental Instrument Platform of Shandong Taihe Water Treatment Technology Co.,LTD.
文摘Kathon(CMI-MI),a mixture of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one(CMI)and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one(MI),was extensively used in industry as a nonoxidizing biocide or disinfectant.However,it would show adverse effects on aquatic life when it is discharged into surface water.In this study,the removal performance,parameter influence,degradation products and enhancement of subsequent biodegradation of CMI-MI in UV/H_(2)O_(2)system were systematically investigated.The degradation rate of CMI-MI could reach 90%under UV irradiation for 20 min when the dosage of H_(2)O_(2)was 0.3 mmol·L^(–1).The DOC(dissolved organic carbon)mineralization rate of CMI-MI could reach 35%under certain conditions([H_(2)O_(2)]=0.3 mmol·L^(–1),UV irradiation for 40 min).kobs was inversely proportional to the concentration of CMI-MI and proportional to the concentration of H_(2)O_(2).The degradation rate of CMIMI was almost unchanged in the pH range from 4 to 10.Except the presence of CO_(3)^(2-)inhibited the removal rate of CMI-MI,SO_(4)^(2-),Cl^(-),NO_(3)^(-),and NH_(4)^(+) did not interfere with the degradation of CMI-MI in the system.It was found that UV/H_(2)O_(2)system had lower energy consumption and more economic advantage compared with UV/PS system by comparing the EEO(electric energy per order)values under the same conditions.Two main organic products were identified,namely HCOOH and CH_(3)NH_(2).There’s also the formation of Cl^(-)and SO_(4)^(2-).After UV and UV/H_(2)O_(2)photolysis,the biochemical properties of CMI-MI solution were obviously improved,especially the UV/H_(2)O_(2)treatment effect was better,indicating that UV/H_(2)O_(2)technology is expected to combine with biotechnology to remove CMI-MI effectively and environmentally friendly from wastewater.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41790443,41927806,and 32071586)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant Nos.300102212213)Young Talent Fund of Association for Science and Technology in Shaanxi,China(Grant No.20220707)。
文摘Large-scale land consolidation projects(LCPs)have been carried out on the Loess Plateau to increase the area of agriculture land.The newly created land is prone to soil erosion under the effects of water and gravity.Taking a typical high-filling body(HFB)formed by LCPs in Yan’an,China as the subject,this study comprehensively investigated the types and causes of soil erosion with multiple methods of field investigation,on-site monitoring and laboratory tests.Results showed that the HFB presented a composite pattern of soil erosion with multiple types mainly including underground erosion,mixed water-gravity erosion,seepage erosion,and scouring erosion.The type of erosion varied spatially in different parts of the HFB depending on the dominant factors,mainly including the groundwater state,rainfall,runoff,gravity action,topography,and soil erodibility.The underground erosion mainly occurred at the positions with higher groundwater level and larger hydraulic gradient,while scouring erosion mainly occurred at the positions with extensive interactions of surface runoff,channel slope gradient and soil properties.And near the leading edge of the top of the slope,a band of mixed watergravity erosion occurred owing to the effects of water and gravity.In addition,nearly saturated soils at the toe of HFB displayed groundwater exfiltration and slope-face slumping.Based on our findings on the causes and variation of soil erosion for the HFB,we proposed the following erosion prevention and control measures to protect the LCPs on the Loess Plateau:to construct drainage ditches and blind ditches to form a complete drainage system,plant alfalfa on the top platform to increase rainfall interception and reduce surface runoff,set seepage ditches and plant deep-rooted plants at the toe of the slope to improve slope toe stability,monitor groundwater level and slope deformation to learn the erosion dynamics and slope stability,and optimize the geometry of HFB such as the slope gradient and slope steps to reduce soil erosion.
文摘In the search of alternative resources to make commodity chemicals and transportation fuels for a low carbon future,lignocellulosic biomass with over 180-billion-ton annual production rate has been identified as a promising feedstock.This review focuses on the state-of-the-art catalytic transformation of lignocellulosic biomass into value-added chemicals and fuels.Following a brief introduction on the structure,major resources and pretreatment methods of lignocellulosic biomass,the catalytic conversion of three main components,i.e.,cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin,into various compounds are comprehensively discussed.Either in separate steps or in one-pot,cellulose and hemicellulose are hydrolyzed into sugars and upgraded into oxygen-containing chemicals such as 5-HMF,furfural,polyols,and organic acids,or even nitrogen-containing chemicals such as amino acids.On the other hand,lignin is first depolymerized into phenols,catechols,guaiacols,aldehydes and ketones,and then further transformed into hydrocarbon fuels,bioplastic precursors and bioactive compounds.The review then introduces the transformations of whole biomass via catalytic gasification,catalytic pyrolysis,as well as emerging strategies.Finally,opportunities,challenges and prospective of woody biomass valorization are highlighted.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China, China (2019YFC1904102)。
文摘Cadmium(Cd) contamination in soils is a global ecological threat. Conventional powdered biochar added to soil can temporarily immobilize Cd but is difficult to separate from soil, leading to secondary release of Cd and posing potential ecological and human health risks. The blocky biochar is also difficult to separate from the soil due to its fragile nature. One of the keys to overcome the difficulties in separating biochar from soil is to improve its mechanical strength. Blocky zeolite-biochar composites(ZBC) that have good mechanical strength were obtained after pyrolyzing the mixture of 50% feedstock and 50% zeolite powder at 400 ℃. ZBC and NaOH-activated ZBC(ZBC_a) were applied to remove Cd from soil. After sieving Cd-loaded ZBC and ZBC_a from soil, the bioavailable Cd content in the soil decreased by 59.70% and 68.54%,respectively. Zeolite contributed to improving both adsorption performance and mechanical properties of the composites. After repeating the process of “remediation-sieving-desorption-regeneration” three times, the recoveries of ZBC and ZBC_a were above 97.00%, and regeneration rates were 48.70-83.26%,respectively. Under simulated mechanical sieving conditions, ZBC and ZBC_a lost only 4.06% and 5.40%of their mass and retained their integrity. Remediation of Cd-contaminated soil with blocky zeolitebiochar composite is sustainable and safe because the removal of bioavailable Cd from soil is permanent rather than a temporary decrease of bioavailability. This study provides a reference for the preparation of separable and recyclable adsorbents for the removal of contaminants from soil.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22078157)the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education institutions of China(21KJB610011)Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(SJCX21_0468).
文摘Using N-methyl-D-glucosamine(NMDG)as the functional monomer,glycidyl methacrylate(GMA)as the connecting monomer,functionalized Fe3O4 nano-particles(NPs)as the support,three adsorbents were prepared including direct polymer GMA-NMDG,magnetic GMA-NMDG polymer(MGN),and boron magnetic ion-imprinted polymer(BMIIP).Based upon the optimization of synthesis conditions,the prepared adsorbents and intermediate products were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,thermogravimetric analysis,scanning electron microscope,energy dispersive spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,vibrating sample magnetometer,and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller to investigate the synthesis process,the morphological structure and the functional properties of the materials.The optimum performances of GMA-NMDG,MGN and BMIIP were obtained in the initial neutral solution(pH of 6.5).Moreover,GMANMDG and MGN reached the maximum adsorption capacity at 120 min,whereas BMIIP reached adsorption saturation at 60 min.The pseudo-second-order kinetic model was more suitable for the adsorption of boron using the adsorbents.The maximum adsorption capacity of GMA-NMDG was found to be 43.4 mg·g^(-1),while those of MGN and BMIIP were 32.5 and 28.3 mg·g^(-1),respectively.The Langmuir isotherm model was more appropriate to describe the adsorption process.The adsorbents maintained satisfactory adsorption performance within a certain temperature range.Competing ions had little effect on the adsorption of boron,and would be adsorbed simultaneously,due to which,the effect of co-adsorption can be considered.The adsorption capacity of GMA-NMDG was high,while the adsorption selectivity of BMIIP was much better.Furthermore,BMIIP showed good adsorption after five cycles of adsorption and desorption.The comparison of adsorbents showed that GMA-NMDG had the highest adsorption capacity and was suitable for co-adsorption.MGN had a high adsorption capacity,good comprehensive performance and magnetic properties.BMIIP had better adsorption rate,adsorption selectivity and recyclability.Through the optimization of synthesis conditions,the adsorption capacity of the traditional monomer NMDG polymer was increased,and the magnetism was given to facilitate rapid recovery.Combined with the ion imprinting technology,it showed higher boron adsorption selectivity in the presence of competitive ions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22178258,21975181)。
文摘The MoS_(2)-based materials are a vital class of heterogeneous catalysts for the hydrodeoxygenation of lignin and its model compounds to produce value-added chemicals especially because of their unique selectivity to aromatics.The rational design of MoS_(2)-based catalyst greatly depends on the comprehensive understanding of its structure-activity relationship.However,an intensive summary and critical analysis are still scarce to date.In this review,we attempt to provide an in-depth understanding of the interplay of structure,catalysis,and stability of MoS_(2)-based catalysts for lignin hydrodeoxygenation.The recognition of intrinsic active sites on MoS_(2) structure was firstly discussed,followed by the illustration of MoS_(2)-catalyzed hydrodeoxygenation structural models.Afterward,based on the studies on the MoS_(2)-catalyzed lignin model compounds hydrodeoxygenation,the current active site modification strategies including structural modification of monometallic MoS_(2) catalysts and collaborative modification were summarized and emphatically discussed,which aims to elucidate the structure-activity relationship at the atomic-level.The deactivation mechanism and stabilization strategies were also illustrated to provide instructive suggestion for the rational design of efficient and stable MoS_(2)-based catalysts.Finally,the real lignin depolymerization over MoS_(2)-based catalysts was summarized to point out the advantages and difficulties.This review attempts to highlight the remaining challenges and provide some perspectives for the future development of MoS_(2)-based catalysts for lignin hydrodeoxygenation.
基金supported by the NSFC(21777096,21777097)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2018YFC1802001)+1 种基金the OU–SJTU strategic partnership development fundInternational Joint Research Promotion Program in Osaka University。
文摘Photoelectrochemical(PEC) technology provides a promising prospect for the transformation of polyethylene terephthalate(PET) plastic wastes to produce value-added chemicals.The PEC catalytic systems with high activity,selectivity and long-term durability are required for the future up-scaling industrial applications.Herein,we employed the interfacial modification strategy to develop an efficient and stable photoanode and evaluated its PEC activity for ethylene glycol(EG,derived from PET hydrolysate) oxidation to formic acid.The interfacial modification between Fe_(2)O_(3)semiconductor and Ni(OH)xcocatalyst with ultrathin TiO_(x) interlayer not only improved the photocurrent density by accelerating the kinetics of photogenerated charge carriers,but also kept the high Faradaic efficiency(over 95% in 30 h) towards the value-added formic acid product.This work proposes an effective method to promote the PEC activity and enhance the long-term stability of photoelectrodes for upcycling PET plastic wastes.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41506128,40806045 and 41749903)the Oceanographic Research Vessel Sharing Plan(No.NORC2018-06-25)。
文摘Complex hydrocultural conditions in the estuary affect the migration and transformation of mercury.Using two voyages in July and October 2018,Dissolved Gaseous Mercury(DGM)and Reactive Mercury(RHg)were determined to explore the source,transformation and influence of DGM content in the adjacent waters of Yangtze River Estuary in summer and autumn.The results showed the contents of DGM and RHg in summer were higher than those in autumn,and both of them were higher than those in open sea.In summer and autumn,the Yangtze River brought a higher concentration of DGM,and different flow direction and runoff resulted in differences in the high value region of the surface.The emergence of low-oxygen zones in summer was conducive to the production of DGM.In autumn,windy weather allowed seawater disturbances to promote the release of mercury from the underlying sediments,especially in shallow sea in northwest.RHg showed a higher concentration in the offshore than in the open sea in summer,but there was no such trend in autumn,reflecting the influence of less runoff input.DGM is the main product of RHg reduction,and there was a significant positive correlation between DGM and RHg in summer(r=0.356,P<0.05),while the correlation between DGM and RHg was not significant in autumn due to the influence of light intensity,wind speed and nutrients.The exchange flux of mercury in the adjacent waters of the Yangtze River Estuary was higher than that in the open sea.There was no significant difference of the release flux of mercury in summer and autumn.This article highlighted that the input of mercury from the Yangtze River runoff promotes the release of mercury in seawater,and the hypoxic zone caused by eutrophication is conducive to the production of DGM.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3805002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21838005)+2 种基金the Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21921006)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20220345)Youth Science and Technology Talents Lifting Project of Jiangsu Association of Science and Technology(105019ZS_007)。
文摘Sodium-contained compounds are promising sintering additives for the low-temperature preparation of reaction bonded SiC membranes.Although sodium-based sintering additives in various original states were attempted,their effects on microstructure and surface properties have rarely been studied.In this work,three types of sodium-based additives,including solid-state NaA zeolite residue(NaA)and liquidstate dodecylbenzene sulfonate(SDBS)and water glass(WG),were separately adopted to prepare SiC membranes,and the microstructure,surface characteristics and filtration performance of these SiC membranes were comparatively studied.Results showed that the SiC membranes prepared with liquid-state SDBS and WG(S-SDBS and S-WG)showed lower open porosity yet higher bending strength compared to those prepared with solid-state NaA(S-NaA).The observed differences in bending strength were further interpreted by analyzing the reaction process of each sintering additive and the composition of the bonding phase in the reaction bonded SiC membranes.Meanwhile,the microstructural differentiation was correlated to the original state of the additives.In addition,their surface characteristics and filtration performance for oil-in-water emulsion were examined and correlated to the membrane microstructure.The S-NaA samples showed higher hydrophilicity,lower surface roughness(1.80μm)and higher rejection ratio(99.99%)in O/W emulsion separation than those of S-WG and S-SDBS.This can be attributed to the smaller mean pore size and higher open porosity,resulting from the originally solid-state NaA additives.Therefore,this work revealed the comprehensive effects of original state of sintering additives on the prepared SiC membranes,which could be helpful for the application-oriented fabrication by choosing additives in suitable state.
基金The National Key R&D Program of China under contract No.2021YFC3200501the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 42107055 and 42130703the Fund of Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee under contract No.20200925174525002.
文摘Subterranean estuaries(STE)are important seawater-groundwater mixing zones with complex biogeochemical processes,which play a vital role in the migration and transformation of dissolved materials.In this study,we first investigated the spatial distributions of dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN),dissolved inorganic phosphorous(DIP),dissolved inorganic silicon(DSi)and metal elements(As,Ba,Cr,Cu,Fe,Mn,Ni,Pb,and Zn)in STE including upper intertidal,seepage face and subtidal zones.We then estimated submarine groundwater discharge(SGD)and associated nutrient and metal element fluxes.From the generalized Darcy’s law method,SGD was estimated to be 30.13 cm/d,which was about 7 times larger than the inflow(4.16 cm/d).The nutrient and metal fluxes from SGD were estimated to be(5.33±4.99)mmol/(m^(2)·d)for DIN,(0.22±0.03)mmol/(m^(2)·d)for DIP,(16.20±2.05)mmol/(m^(2)·d)for DSi,(1325.06±99.10)μmol/(m^(2)·d)for Fe,(143.41±25.13)μmol/(m^(2)·d)for Mn,(304.06±81.07)μmol/(m^(2)·d)for Zn,(140.21±13.33)μmol/(m^(2)·d)for Cu,(84.49±2.94)μmol/(m^(2)·d)for Pb,(37.38±5.51)μmol/(m^(2)·d)for Ba,(27.88±3.89)μmol/(m^(2)·d)for Cr,(10.10±6.33)μmol/(m^(2)·d)for Ni,and(6.25±3.45)μmol/(m^(2)·d)for As.The nutrient and metal fluxes from SGD were relatively higher than those from the inflow,suggesting that nearshore groundwater acted as the sources of nutrients and metal elements discharging into the sea.The environmental potential pollution of coastal seawater was evaluated by pollution factor index(Pi),comprehensive water quality index(CWQI),and ecological risk index(ERI).Pb mainly caused potential danger of nearshore environment with considerable contamination(Pi=5.78±0.19),heavy pollution(CWQI=4.09)and high ecological risk(ERI=18.00).This study contributed to better understanding the behavior of nutrients and metal elements and improving the sustainable management of STE under the pressure of anthropogenic activities and climate change.
基金funded by a PetroChina Basic Technology Research Project(No.2021DJ1905).
文摘Deep shale gas(3500-4500 m)will be the important succeeding field for the growth of shale gas production in China.Under the condition of high temperature and high pressure in deep shale gas reservoirs,its gas occurrence characteristics are markedly different from those of medium and shallow layers.To elucidate the gas occurrence characteristics and controlling factors of deep shales in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation,methane adsorption,low-temperature N2,and cO2 adsorption experi-ments were conducted.The results show that in deep shales,the mesopores provide approximately 75%of the total specific surface area(SA)and 90%of the total pore volume(PV).Based on two hypotheses and comparing the theoretical and actual adsorption capacity,it is speculated that methane is adsorbed in deep shale in the form of micropore filling,and free gas is mainly stored in the mesopores.Correlation analysis demonstrated that ToC is the key material constraint for the adsorption capacity of deep shale,and micropore SSA is the key spatial constraint.Other minerals and mesopore parameters have limited effect on the amount of adsorbed gas.Moreover,the free gas content ranges from 2.72 m^(3)/t to 6.20 m^(3)/t,with an average value of 4.60 m^(3)/t,and the free gas content ratio is approximately 58%,suggesting that the deep shale gas reservoirs are dominated by free gas.This ratio may also increase to approximately 70%when considering the formation temperature effect on adsorbed gas.Gas density,porosity,and gas saturation are the main controlling factors of free gas content,resulting in significantly larger free gas content in deep shale than in shallower formations.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.31971629,42007335)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2021A1515012157)。
文摘`The application of sewage sludge(SS)to forested lands may lead to the downward migration of potentially toxic elements(PTEs)through rainfall and thus pose risk to the subsoil and groundwater.Batch column experiments were conducted using leaching water equivalent to the rainfall amount in the study area over 3 years to investigate changes in concentrations of PTEs,including copper(Cu),zinc(Zn),lead(Pb),cadmium(Cd),and nickel(Ni)in the leachate from the acidic forest soil.Water quality index of leachate,potential ecological risk and human health risk in soil at different leaching stages were compared.Sewage sludge was applied at SS/soil mass ratios of 0:100(controls),15:85(T1),30:70(T2),45:55(T3),60:40(T4),and 75:25(T5).All treatments resulted in increased PTEs concentration in the upper 20 cm soil,T3-T5 increased potential ecological risk from"low"(control)to"moderate"or"considerable".During first year leaching,PTEs concentration increased with increasing SS/soil ratios,but the water quality index of T1-T3 was"excellent"or"good".Pb,Cu,Cd,and Ni in the 20-40 cm soil depth,and Zn in the 60-80 cm soil depth were also enriched,but potential ecological risk was"low".In subsequent leaching,PTEs concentration of leachate gradually returned to the background value and water quality index was"excellent".There were no significant changes in PTEs and ecological risk observed.During the monitoring process,the health risk caused by the migration of PTEs to the human body was always within the acceptable range.Overall,this study provides a reference for the management of risks from the application of SS on forestlands,i.e.,SS/soil ratios<45:55 is recommended on forestlands,and special attention should be given to early leaching risk.In addition,it also provides an important assessment method for the risk of PTEs leaching and migration in forested land application.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.41706081.
文摘Subterranean estuaries,i.e.,the mixing zone between terrestrial groundwater and recirculated seawater,host a wide range of microbiota.Here,field campaigns were conducted at the mouth of the subterranean estuary at the Sanggou Bay(Shandong Province,China)over four consecutive seasons at a seepage face(0−20 cm depth).The diversity of benthic microbiome was characterized via 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metagenomics,combined with physic-chemical parameters,e.g.,organic carbon,total nitrogen and sulfate contents in sediments.During spring,the dominant species were assigned to the phylum Proteobacteria.Important opportunistic species was assigned to Acidobacteria,Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes.The key components were identified to be species of the genera Pseudoalteromonas,Colwellia and Sphingobium,indicating the involvement of sediment microbiota in the degradation of sedimentary organic carbon,particularly that of pelagic origin,e.g.,phytoplankton detritus and bivalve pseudo-feces.During spring,the microbial community was statistically similar along the depth profiles and among the three sampled stations.Similar spatial distributions were obtained in the remaining seasons.By contrast,the dominant species assemblages varied significantly among seasons,with key genera being Thioprofundum and Nitrosopumilus during summer and autumn and Thioprofundum and Ilumatobacter during winter.Network analysis revealed a seasonal shift in benthic nitrogen and sulfur metabolism associated with these variations in microbial community composition.Overall,our findings suggested that macro elements derived from pelagic inputs,particularly detrital phytoplankton,shaped the microbial community compositions at the seepage face,resulting in significant seasonal variations,while the influence of terrestrial materials transported by groundwater on the sediment microbiota at the seepage face found to be minor.
基金supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China[Grant number.17BXW104]the Innorative School Project in Higher Education of Guangdong,China[Grant number.2016WZDXM025].
文摘China has paid considerable attention to developing and implementing a carbon labeling system in response to increasing environmental issues such as global warming.This paper aims to provide a theoretical basis for formulating and implementing a carbon labeling system in China through a study of consumer acceptance behavior and its influencing factors.This paper constructed an extended model of consumers’acceptance behavior of carbon neutral labels based on the theories and methods of Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology(UTAUT)and analyzed the effects of five factors(carbon label cognition,performance expectancy,effort expectancy,social influence,and facilitating factors)on consumer carbon neutral label acceptance and adoption.The structural equation model analysis revealed that carbon label cognition,performance expectancy,social influence,and facilitating factors significantly,and positively impact consumers’acceptance of carbon neutral labels.Moreover,carbon label cognition,performance expectancy,and facilitating factors significantly,and positively affect consumers’carbon neutral label adoption behavior.Meanwhile,carbon label cognition,and effort expectancy have no significant impact on consumers’willingness to accept carbon neutral labels,which in turn significantly impacts consumers’carbon neutral label adoption behavior.According to the research findings,increasing the promotion of carbon labeling and improving the practical strategies and management recommendations for carbon label design are proposed.
基金Supported by the Fundamental Research Funds of Shandong University(No.2020GN106)the Project of State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology+3 种基金Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences(No.KF2020-16)the Ministry of Education Chunhui Plan Project(No.191650)the Young Scholars Project of Xihua University in 2019。
文摘To date,little attention has been paid to the effects of organophosphate esters(OPEs)pollution on aquacultural environment and aquatic product safety.Huanghe(Yellow)River delta area is one of the largest aquaculture centers in China,where ecological security protection is crucial in the national strategy of China.To explore the pollution characteristics,bioaccumulation,and health risks of OPEs in aquaculture farms in the Huanghe River delta and natural water bodies in the adjacent seas,five species of organisms from different farm types nearby the Huanghe River delta,and the corresponding culture water and sediments were sampled in this study.The total concentrations of Σ_(13)OPEs in water,sediments,and organisms were 51.53-272.18 ng/L,52.63-63.17 ng/g dry weight(dw),and 46.82-108.90 ng/g dw,respectively.Among the five types of culture ponds,the water samples from the swimming crab and hairy crab culture ponds exhibited higher OPEs,the concentration of OPEs in the sediments from the few ponds was relatively balanced,and the OPEs in the organism from the holothurian ponds was higher.Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-isopropyl pho sphate)(TDCP)was the main contaminant in water samples and tripropyl phosphate(TPrP)in sediments and organisms.However,trisphenyl phosphate(TPhP)showed the strongest bioaccumulation ability,followed by 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate(EHDPP)and TPrP.The bioaccumulation capacities of the five species were as follows:prawn>holothurian>hairy crab>swimming crab>carp.These five types of organisms,as main seafood in human consumption,were at low risk of negative impacts of pollution.However,the risk from the mixture of organophosphate flame retardants(OPFRs)still requires more attention due to the increasing consumption and production in the world.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41625001)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA20060402)+4 种基金the Pengcheng Scholar Program of Shenzhen,the National High-level Talents Special Support Plan(“Ten Thousand Talents Plan”)the Leading Innovative Talent Program for young and middle-aged scholars by the Ministry of Science and Technologysupported by the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control(Grant No.2017B030301012)the State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Controlthe High-level Special Funding of the Southern University of Science and Technology(Grant No.G02296302,G02296402).
文摘Water footprint(WF)measures human appropriation of water resources for consumptive use of surface and ground water(blue WF)and soil water(green WF)and for assimilating polluted water(grey WF).Questions have been often asked about the exact meaning behind the numbers from WF accounting.However,to date environmental sustainability of WF has never been assessed at the sub-national level over time.This study evaluated the environmental sustainability of blue,green and grey WF for China’s 31 mainland provinces in 2002,2007 and 2012,and identified the unsustainable hotspots.Overall,the total WF increased by 30%between 2002 and 2012.The growth can be attributed to the increase of grey WF because the green and blue WF showed only a slight rise.Among all provinces investigated in 2012,eleven showed unsustainable blue WF(sustainability index SI<0),which were mainly located in the North China Plain.There were 12 provinces that displayed unsustainable green WF,and they were distributed in China’s southern and southeastern areas.The grey WF was not sustainable in approximately two third of provinces(19),which were mainly located in China’s middle and northern regions and Guangdong province.More than half of China’s provinces showed trends of improved SI of green and blue WF from 2002 to 2012.However,the SI of grey WF decreased in almost two third of provinces.Poor levels of WF sustainability were due to water scarcity and pollution,which intensify the degradation of local rivers and ecosystems and make restoration more difficult.The results shed light on the policy making needed to improve sustainable water management,and ecological restoration of hotspot regions.
基金supported by the Qingdao Postdoctoral Program Funding(QDBSH20220202045)Shandong provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2021ME049,ZR2022ME176)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(22078176)Taishan Industrial Experts Program(TSCX202306135).
文摘In this study,the impact of different reaction times on the preparation of powdered activated carbon(PAC)using a one-step rapid activation method under flue gas atmosphere is investigated,and the underlying reaction mechanism is summarized.Results indicate that the reaction process of this method can be divided into three stages:stage I is the rapid release of volatiles and the rapid consumption of O_(2),primarily occurring within a reaction time range of 0-0.5 s;stage II is mainly the continuous release and diffusion of volatiles,which is the carbonization and activation coupling reaction stage,and the carbonization process is the main in this stage.This stage mainly occurs at the reaction time range of 0.5 -2.0 s when SL-coal is used as material,and that is 0.5-3.0 s when JJ-coal is used as material;stage III is mainly the activation stage,during which activated components diffuse to both the surface and interior of particles.This stage mainly involves the reaction stage of CO_(2)and H2O(g)activation,and it mainly occurs at the reaction time range of 2.0-4.0 s when SL-coal is used as material,and that is 3.0-4.0 s when JJ-coal is used as material.Besides,the main function of the first two stages is to provide more diffusion channels and contact surfaces/activation sites for the diffusion and activation of the activated components in the third stage.Mastering the reaction mechanism would serve as a crucial reference and foundation for designing the structure,size of the reactor,and optimal positioning of the activator nozzle in PAC preparation.
基金jointly supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFE0106500)Jiangsu Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.BK20200040)。
文摘The pan-Arctic is confronted with air pollution transported from lower latitudes.Observations have shown that aerosols help increase plant photosynthesis through the diffuse radiation fertilization effects(DRFEs).While such DRFEs have been explored at low to middle latitudes,the aerosol impacts on pan-Arctic ecosystems and the contributions by anthropogenic and natural emission sources remain less quantified.Here,we perform regional simulations at 0.2o×0.2ousing a well-validated vegetation model(Yale Interactive terrestrial Biosphere,YIBs)in combination with multi-source of observations to quantify the impacts of aerosol DRFEs on the net primary productivity(NPP)in the pan-Arctic during 2001-19.Results show that aerosol DRFEs increase pan-Arctic NPP by 2.19 Pg C(12.8%)yr^(-1)under clear-sky conditions,in which natural and anthropogenic sources contribute to 8.9% and 3.9%,respectively.Under all-sky conditions,such DRFEs are largely dampened by cloud to only 0.26 Pg C(1.24%)yr^(-1),with contributions of 0.65% by natural and 0.59% by anthropogenic species.Natural aerosols cause a positive NPP trend of 0.022% yr^(-1)following the increased fire activities in the pan-Arctic.In contrast,anthropogenic aerosols induce a negative trend of-0.01% yr^(-1)due to reduced emissions from the middle latitudes.Such trends in aerosol DRFEs show a turning point in the year of 2007 with more positive NPP trends by natural aerosols but negative NPP trends by anthropogenic aerosols thereafter.Though affected by modeling uncertainties,this study suggests a likely increasing impact of aerosols on terrestrial ecosystems in the pan-Arctic under global warming.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52078068)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (SJCX22_1391)+1 种基金the National Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20220626)Changzhou Leading Innovative Talent Introduction and Cultivation Project (CQ20210085).
文摘As socioeconomic development continues,the issue of building energy consumption has attracted significant attention,and improving the thermal insulation performance of buildings has become a crucial strategic measure.Simultaneously,the application of solid waste in insulation materials has also become a hot topic.This paper reviews the sources and classifications of solid waste,focusing on research progress in its application as insulation materials in the domains of daily life,agriculture,and industry.The research shows that incorporating household solid waste materials,such as waste glass,paper,and clothing scraps into cementitious thermal insulation can significantly reduce the thermal conductivity of the materials,leading to excellent thermal insulation properties.Insulation materials prepared from agricultural solid waste,such as barley straw,corn stalk,chicken feather,and date palm fibers,possess characteristics of lightweight and strong thermal insulation.Industrial solid waste,including waste tires,iron tailings,and coal bottom ash,can also be utilized in the preparation of insulation materials.These innovative applications not only have positive environmental significance by reducing waste emissions and resource consumption,but also provide efficient and sustainable insulation solutions for the construction industry.However,to further optimize the mix design and enhance the durability of insulation materials,continuous research is required to investigate the mechanisms through which solid waste impacts the performance of insulation materials.
