Background:COVID-19 has had a dramatic impact on human health,economies,societies,and livelihoods around the world.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)formulae have played an important role in the prevention and treatmen...Background:COVID-19 has had a dramatic impact on human health,economies,societies,and livelihoods around the world.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)formulae have played an important role in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.WHO evaluated the role of TCM in treating of COVID-19 and encouraged other countries to promote the use of TCM formulae.However,the key is to find the basic core traditional Chinese medicine(BC-TCM)among those formulae.Methods:For the first time,we mined the data of TCM formulae in CNIPA and analyzed herb characteristics and association rules.We then determined the BC-TCM and screened main compounds and therapeutic targets.Finally,the potential molecular mechanisms were explored by using enrichment analyses and molecular docking.Results:This study screened 123 patented TCM formulae,including 312 herbs.According to frequency statistics and association rules,nine herbs(Gan Cao,Jin Yinhua,Guang Huoxiang,Fu Ling,Huang Qi,Jie Geng,Lian Qiao,Cang Zhu,Ku Xingren)were selected as the BC-TCM.The BC-TCM involved 166 main compounds and 48 therapeutic targets.The active compounds Hederagenin,Spinasterol,Beta-sitosterol,and Liquiritin had high binding activity to the COVID-19 targets 3CL,ACE2,and core targets RELA,HSP90AA1,STAT3,MAPK3,and TP53 according to molecular docking results.Interestingly,Hederagenin might be a potential compound for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.Conclusion:Our research predicted and confirmed the preventive therapeutic effect of BC-TCM on COVID-19.This has the potential to broaden the scope of TCM,guide people in using clinical formulae,and provide valuable insights for future TCM discovery research.展开更多
The interview was conducted on March 2nd, 2023 by Ioannis Solos and Charles Buck. William Morris has sustained practice since 1980. He has served on the California, Texas and Massachusetts Professional Associations, a...The interview was conducted on March 2nd, 2023 by Ioannis Solos and Charles Buck. William Morris has sustained practice since 1980. He has served on the California, Texas and Massachusetts Professional Associations, as well as the National Association. He has tendered 20 years of service to the field through academic medicine, earning a master’s degree in medical education to assist in developing Chinese medical doctoral programs and institutional review boards. He earned an OM.D. in 1988, a DAOM in 2002, and a Ph.D. focused on pulse diagnosis as clinical epistemology in 2009. He has published five books, including TCM Case Studies Dermatology, Li Shi-zhen Pulse Studies: An Illustrated Guide, Neoclassical Pulse Diagnosis, Cycles in Medical Astrology, and Transformation: Treating Trauma with Acupuncture and Herbs.展开更多
Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has been successfully applied worldwide in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).However,th...Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has been successfully applied worldwide in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).However,the pharmacological mechanisms underlying this success remain unclear.Hence,the aim of this review is to combine pharmacological assays based on the theory of TCM in order to elucidate the potential signaling pathways,targets,active compounds,and formulas of herbs that are involved in the TCM treatment of COVID-19,which exhibits combatting viral infections,immune regulation,and amelioration of lung injury and fibrosis.Extensive reports on target screening are elucidated using virtual prediction via docking analysis or network pharmacology based on existing data.The results of these reports indicate that an intricate regulatory mechanism is involved in the pathogenesis of COVID-19.Therefore,more pharmacological research on the natural herbs used in TCM should be conducted in order to determine the association between TCM and COVID-19 and account for the observed therapeutic effects of TCM against COVID-19.展开更多
Medicine operates within the world views of the culture that it serves,and the widespread Chinese diaspora has carried medical practices with it.The resulting creolization takes shape at the borders of intersecting cu...Medicine operates within the world views of the culture that it serves,and the widespread Chinese diaspora has carried medical practices with it.The resulting creolization takes shape at the borders of intersecting cultures in a distinct form of integration.This article explores the intersections of integration relative to the spread of Chinese medicine in the United States in practical,cognitive,and theoretical terms.This article could be a reference to practitioners,academics,and policymakers in the areas of integrative and Chinese medicine.展开更多
Objective:The purpose of the research was to systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Shenkang injection combined with Western medicine in treating chronic glomerulonephritis.Methods:Randomized cont...Objective:The purpose of the research was to systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Shenkang injection combined with Western medicine in treating chronic glomerulonephritis.Methods:Randomized controlled trials of Shenkang Injection combined with Western medicine in treating CGN were obtained from 8 Science databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),China Biomedical Database(SinMed),Weipu Database(VIP),Wanfang Database(Wanfang),PubMed,The Cochrane Library,Embase,Web of Science from establishment to June 2022.Two researchers screened literature and extracted useful data according to inclusion and exclusion criteria,and used RevMan 5.3 and STATA SE 14.0 software to perform meta-analysis.Results:1,214 patients were included in 15 studies,with 607 in treatment group and 607 in control group.The results of meta-analysis showed that the treatment group could improve the clinical effective rate[RR=1.33,95%CI(1.25,1.40),P<0.00001],reduce serum creatinine[MD=-31.28,95%CI(-42.90,-19.66),P<0.00001],blood urea nitrogen[MD=-2.26,95%CI(-3.08,-1.44),P<0.00001],24-hour urine protein quantification[MD=-0.37,95%CI(-0.49,-0.25),P<0.00001],tumor necrosis factor-α[MD=-7.93,95%CI(-10.56,-5.30),P<0.00001],systolic blood pressure[MD=-10.81,95%CI(-13.66,-7.96),P<0.00001]and diastolic blood pressure[MD=-7.36,95%CI(-9.34,-5.38),P<0.00001].Conclusion:Shenkang injection combined with Western medicine can enhance the clinical effective rate of CGN and reduce the levels of serum creatinine,blood urea nitrogen,24-hour urine protein quantification,tumor necrosis factor-α,systolic blood and diastolic blood pressure.However,due to the low quality of literature,the conclusion still needs to be supported by more multi-center,large-sample studies with rigorous design and standardized implementation.展开更多
The autonomic nervous system(ANS)includes the sympathetic,parasympathetic,and enteric nervous systems,and its senior regulatory center includes the brainstem,cingulate gyrus,and hypothalamus.Acupuncture can affect vis...The autonomic nervous system(ANS)includes the sympathetic,parasympathetic,and enteric nervous systems,and its senior regulatory center includes the brainstem,cingulate gyrus,and hypothalamus.Acupuncture can affect visceral,vascular,and glandular functions via the autonomic nervous regulatory pathway.In this paper,the relationship between pain and autonomic nervous function,the application of acupuncture guided by the autonomic nervous system,and the basis and clinical research on acupuncture analgesia are reviewed.展开更多
Background:Based on network pharmacology and molecular docking,our study discussed the mechanism of Wuzi Yanzong pill in treating Osteoporosis(OP),which lays the foundation for drug development of OP.Methods:The chemi...Background:Based on network pharmacology and molecular docking,our study discussed the mechanism of Wuzi Yanzong pill in treating Osteoporosis(OP),which lays the foundation for drug development of OP.Methods:The chemical compounds and potential targets of Wuzi Yanzong pill were explored through TCMSP,PubChem,Swiss ADME and other databases.GeneCards,OMIM and Drugbank databases were used to obtain OP related targets.The intersection between the targets of Wuzi Yanzong pill and the related targets of OP was found by drawing a Venn diagram.PPI network was constructed with the STRING database and core targets were screened.The TCM-compound-action target-disease network was drawn using the Cytoscape software.The Metascape platform was used to find the pathways and functions for core target enrichment.Molecular docking validation of action compounds and core targets is completed by software such as Auto Dock Vina.Results:59 compounds and 707 action targets of Wuzi Yanzong pill were found.603 disease targets were selected,106 intersection targets were found using a Venn diagram,and 37 core targets were screened.By enrichment analysis,143 KEGG pathways,1026 GO biological processes,23 GO cell compositions and 60 GO molecular functions were obtained.The results of molecular docking showed that the effective compounds of Wuzi Yanzong pill,such as stigmasterol,quercetin,kaempferol andβ-sitosterol,had high binding activity with STAT3,TNF and IL6 core target proteins.Conclusion:Wuzi Yanzong Pill may play a role in treating OP by regulating STAT3,TNF,IL-6,TP53,VEGFA,JUN,AKT1,IL-1B,SRC,MMP9 and other pathways,as well as cancer-correlation,rheumatoid arthritis-correlation,MAPK,Th17 cell differentiation,IL-17,TNF signaling pathway and so on,to interpret Wuzi Yanzong pill’s clinic.展开更多
Objective:Liver cirrhosis is a disease that seriously damages human health.Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)formulae have a good therapeutic effect on cirrhosis,and the herb pair is the smallest unit in formula compat...Objective:Liver cirrhosis is a disease that seriously damages human health.Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)formulae have a good therapeutic effect on cirrhosis,and the herb pair is the smallest unit in formula compatibility,which is important for improving the therapeutic effect.Therefore,identifying core herb pairs among TCM formulae is key.Methods:We mined the data of TCM formulae for the treatment of cirrhosis in the China National Intellectual Property Administration for the first time and analyzed their herb characteristics and association rules.We screened 405 patented TCM formulae,including 953 herbs.Based on frequency statistics and association rules,we determined“Astragali Radix-Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma”as the core herb pair.Results:Six active compounds,Isorhamnetin,Formononetin,Calycosin,Cryptotanshinone,Dihydrotanshinone I,and Tanshinone II A,were screened out based on previous studies and network pharmacology.We found that SRC,TP53,HSP90AA1,MAPK3,MAPK1,and STAT3 played pivotal roles in treating cirrhosis.Interestingly,molecular docking indicated that MAPK3 might be a potential pharmacological target for cirrhosis.Conclusion:We preliminarily predicted and verified the pharmacological and molecular mechanism of“Astragali Radix-Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma”in treating cirrhosis.This can expand the scope of TCM in the treatment of cirrhosis,guide people to use clinical formulae,and provide valuable insights for further drug discovery studies.展开更多
1Background:Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is a disorder of bowel function,and diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome(IBS-D)is the most common.The current treatment for IBS-D is focused on improving patients’gas...1Background:Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is a disorder of bowel function,and diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome(IBS-D)is the most common.The current treatment for IBS-D is focused on improving patients’gastrointestinal-related symptoms,but there are limitations such as unstable effects and adverse drug reactions.Acupuncture and moxibustion exerts advantages in treating IBS-D.They include several forms,of which moxibustion is one of the most commonly used.And moxibustion is a common way used in treating IBS-D,but there is a lack of relevant evidence-based medical research data.This protocol aims to compare the efficacy of moxibustion(mild-warm moxibustion)in treating IBS-D(spleen deficiency and dampness excess syndrome)with the first-line treatment.Methods:In this prospective,parallel,randomized controlled trial(RCT)protocol,patients will be randomly allocated for 4-week treatment or control therapies and then 4-week follow-up in both groups.We will use Irritable Bowel Syndrome-Symptom Severity Scale(IBS-SSS)score,Irritable Bowel Syndrome-Quality of Life(IBS-QOL)score,serum brain-gut peptide levels,and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome scale score to produce more evidence on IBS-D treatment with moxibustion.Finally,we will use SPSS 22.0 software to statistically analyze the data.Discussion:Mild-warm moxibustion is a complementary alternative therapy that fits with the pathogenesis of IBS-D.We hope to see more clinical evidence for mild-warm moxibustion against IBS-D that this RCT supported.展开更多
Background:Banxia XieXin Decoction(BXD)is a traditional Chinese medicine decoction commonly used in the Chinese clinical treatment of gastric ulcer(GU).Although some people believe that it may have some advantages in ...Background:Banxia XieXin Decoction(BXD)is a traditional Chinese medicine decoction commonly used in the Chinese clinical treatment of gastric ulcer(GU).Although some people believe that it may have some advantages in this regard,There is no reliable evidence-based study demonstrating its effectiveness.This study aims to systematically evaluate the healing effect and security of BXD in the treatment of GU.Methods:PubMed,Cochrane Library,EMBASE,ScienceNet,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang database,Weipu database,and China biomedical literature service(CBM)database were systematically searched to obtain all randomized controlled trials(RCTs)evaluating the treatment GU of BXD published as of April 2022.Two researchers independently screened and extracted all research data,finally evaluated the bias risk of inclusion in the study using revman 5.4.Results:This meta-analysis included 27 randomized controlled trials and 1411 patients.The clinical effective rate,recurrence rate,HP eradication rate,adverse reaction rate,and visual analog score(VAS)of BXD combined treatment and standard treatment alone were compared.The results of the meta-analysis showed that BXD combined treatment improve the symptoms related to the gastric ulcers and reduce drug-related adverse reactions.Due to the low quality of the research included in this analysis,in-depth high-quality research is crucial for verifying these results.展开更多
As a serious cardiovascular disease,atherosclerosis(AS)causes chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in the body and poses a threat to human health.Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2(Lp-PLA2)is a member of the...As a serious cardiovascular disease,atherosclerosis(AS)causes chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in the body and poses a threat to human health.Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2(Lp-PLA2)is a member of the phospholipase A2(PLA2)family,and its elevated levels have been shown to contribute to AS.Lp-PLA2 is closely related to a variety of lipoproteins,and its role in promoting inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in AS is mainly achieved by hydrolyzing oxidized phosphatidylcholine(ox PC)to produce lysophosphatidylcholine(lyso PC).Moreover,macrophage apoptosis within plaque is promoted by localized Lp-PLA2 which also promotes plaque instability.This paper reviews those researches of Chinese medicine in treating AS via reducing Lp-PLA2 levels to guide future experimental studies and clinical applications related to AS.展开更多
Biliary dyskinesia is a relatively common gastrointestinal disease that is increas-ing in incidence as living standards improve.However,its underlying pathogenesis remains unclear,hindering the development of therapeu...Biliary dyskinesia is a relatively common gastrointestinal disease that is increas-ing in incidence as living standards improve.However,its underlying pathogenesis remains unclear,hindering the development of therapeutic drugs.Recently,“Expression and functional study of cholecystokinin-A receptors on the interstitial Cajal-like cells of the guinea pig common bile duct”demonstrated that cholecystokinin(CCK)regulates the contractile function of the common bile duct through interaction with the CCK-A receptor in interstitial Cajal-like cells,contributing to improving the academic understanding of biliary tract dynamics and providing emerging directions for the pathogenesis and clinical management of biliary dyskinesia.This letter provides a brief overview of the role of CCK and CCK-A receptors in biliary dyskinesia from the perspective of animal experiments and clinical studies,and discusses prospects and challenges for the clinical application of CCK and CCK-A receptors as potential therapeutic targets.展开更多
BACKGROUND Jianpi Gushen Huayu Decoction(JPGS)has been used to clinically treat diabetic nephropathy(DN)for many years.However,the protective mechanism of JPGS in treating DN remains unclear.AIM To evaluate the therap...BACKGROUND Jianpi Gushen Huayu Decoction(JPGS)has been used to clinically treat diabetic nephropathy(DN)for many years.However,the protective mechanism of JPGS in treating DN remains unclear.AIM To evaluate the therapeutic effects and the possible mechanism of JPGS on DN.METHODS We first evaluated the therapeutic potential of JPGS on a DN mouse model.We then investigated the effect of JPGS on the renal metabolite levels of DN mice using non-targeted metabolomics.Furthermore,we examined the effects of JPGS on c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)/P38-mediated apoptosis and the inflammatory responses mediated by toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)/NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3).RESULTS The ameliorative effects of JPGS on DN mice included the alleviation of renal injury and the control of inflammation and oxidative stress.Untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed that JPGS altered the metabolites of the kidneys in DN mice.A total of 51 differential metabolites were screened.Pathway analysis results indicated that nine pathways significantly changed between the control and model groups,while six pathways significantly altered between the model and JPGS groups.Pathways related to cysteine and methionine metabolism;alanine,tryptophan metabolism;aspartate and glutamate metabolism;and riboflavin metabolism were identified as the key pathways through which JPGS affects DN.Further experimental validation showed that JPGS treatment reduced the expression of TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathways and JNK/P38 pathway-mediated apoptosis related factors.CONCLUSION JPGS could markedly treat mice with streptozotocin(STZ)-induced DN,which is possibly related to the regulation of several metabolic pathways found in kidneys.Furthermore,JPGS could improve kidney inflammatory responses and ameliorate kidney injuries in DN mice via the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway and inhibit JNK/P38 pathwaymediated apoptosis in DN mice.展开更多
With chromium-hematoxylin staining, we found evidence for the existence of novel age-dependent network structures in the dura mater of rat brains. Under stereomicroscopy, we noticed that chromium-hematoxylin-stained t...With chromium-hematoxylin staining, we found evidence for the existence of novel age-dependent network structures in the dura mater of rat brains. Under stereomicroscopy, we noticed that chromium-hematoxylin-stained threadlike structures, which were barely observable in 1-weekold rats, were networked in specific areas of the brain, for example, the lateral lobes and the cerebella, in 4-week-old rats. In 7-week-old rats, those structures were found to have become larger and better networked. With phase contrast microscopy, we found that in 1-week-old rats, chromium-hematoxylin-stained granules were scattered in the same areas of the brain in which the network structures would later be observed in the 4- and 7-week-old rats. Such age-dependent network structures were examined by using optical and transmission electron microscopy, and the following results were obtained. The scattered granules fused into networks with increasing age. Cross-sections of the age-dependent network structures demonstrated heavily-stained basophilic substructures. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the basophilic substructures to be clusters with high electron densities consisting of nanosized particles. We report these data as evidence for the existence of age-dependent network structures in the dura mater, we discuss their putative functions of age-dependent network structures beyond the general concept of the dura mater as a supporting matrix.展开更多
In 2018,the 11^(th) Edition of the International Classification of Diseases(ICD-11)defined a diagnostic code list for standard traditional medicine(TM)conditions.The codes improve patient safety by providing more comp...In 2018,the 11^(th) Edition of the International Classification of Diseases(ICD-11)defined a diagnostic code list for standard traditional medicine(TM)conditions.The codes improve patient safety by providing more comprehensive and accurate medical records for hospitals in the Western Pacific Region.In these facilities,TM is often a standard of care for those populations.In several mainstream media sources,writers are circumventing evidence-based peer-reviewed medical literature by unduly influencing public opinion and,in this case,against the new ICD-11 codes.The dangers imposed by the transgression of popular writing onto the discipline of peer-reviewed works are present since best practices in medical record-keeping will fail without the inclusion of TM in the ICD-11 codes.Such failures directly affect the health of the patients and policymakers in regions where TM and conventional medicine are combined.This article investigates the boundaries between substantial evidence and popular opinion.In this era where media is used to manipulate evidence,the reader’s use of sound judgment and critical thought are thwarted.This article also challenges three controversial themes in pop literature,including the threat to endangered species,increased patient risk,and contaminants in the TM.These themes are made without evidence and are,in fact,of flawed logic.There is no reason to assume that improved medical record-keeping and knowledge of patient cases increase risks.展开更多
Licorice is one of the oldest herbal medicines for its various ethno pharmacological uses.In both Asian and European countries,it has been recorded for treatment of inflammatory diseases.A large number of ingredients ...Licorice is one of the oldest herbal medicines for its various ethno pharmacological uses.In both Asian and European countries,it has been recorded for treatment of inflammatory diseases.A large number of ingredients have been isolated from licorice,including triterpene saponins and flavonoids,which are normally being considered to be the main biologically active components.In the last decade,licorice has been proved exert anti-diabetic effect in various in vivo and in vitro models of diabetes mellitus.Furthermore,licorice can also antagonize all sorts of diabetes complications,including diabetic nephropathy,atherosclerosis,diabetic retinopathy and neuropathy.Except anti-inflammation,licorice and its active components show anti-diabetic effects by improving insulin resistance and increasing insulin secretion,regulating lipid metabolism,and anti-oxidation.The useful effects of licorice and its active components are due to regulating different pathways and proteins,including NF-κB,AMPK,insulin signaling pathway,MAPK,etc.In this review,we provide an overview of the beneficial effects and related molecular mechanism of licorice and its effective components on improving diabetes and its complications.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the feasibility of promoting genetic detection for granular corneal dystrophy type 2(GCD2)by a questionnaire conducted among citizens in five cities in China.METHODS:The data were collected by question...AIM:To evaluate the feasibility of promoting genetic detection for granular corneal dystrophy type 2(GCD2)by a questionnaire conducted among citizens in five cities in China.METHODS:The data were collected by questionnaire,and analyzed by Chi-square test and one-tailed t test in IBM SPSS statistics.RESULTS:Based on the survey data on the awareness of GCD2 genetic detection in this study and the positive predictive analysis report of the citizens in five cities in China,the vast majority(84.2%)of respondents had never heard of it and did not know that GCD2 patients have been prohibited from performing excimer surgery that can deteriorate GCD2 patients’condition even leading to blindness.Though 3.4%of patients understood GCD2 very much,they have no idea that GCD2 could not be 100%accuracy diagnosed by the conventional inspection methods.CONCLUSION:It is feasible and necessary to use GCD2 genetic detection as an excimer preoperative examination project.In order to promote the development of detection project,a few improvements should be carried out in terms of the promoting efforts,costs,and research progress.展开更多
Rhizoma Coptidis,a traditional Chinese herbal medicine,has been used for treating diabetes for thousands of years.However,the molecular basis for this action has not been elucidated.In the present study,the effects of...Rhizoma Coptidis,a traditional Chinese herbal medicine,has been used for treating diabetes for thousands of years.However,the molecular basis for this action has not been elucidated.In the present study,the effects of seven main alkaloids of Rhizoma Coptidis on glycometabolism were investigated and the related molecular mechanism of five active compounds on insulin resistant(IR)cell model was explored for the first time.Results showed that berberine,palmatine,epiberberine,columbamine and groenlandicine enhanced glucose consumption in the palmitic acid(PA)-induced IR-HepG2 cells,indicating that these compounds could improve IR.In addition,we found that among these active alkaloids,berberine,columbamine,epiberberine and groenlandicine could inhibit the activation of ERK and p38 pathway,while berberine,columbamine,palmatine and epiberberine could activate AMPK pathway.Moreover,palmatine and columbamine regulated the mRNA expression of GLUT2 to ameliorate IR via activating AMPK and inactivating p38 MAPK signal pathway.To sum up,berberine,columbamine,palmatine,epiberberine and groenlandicine might be the active reagents,which contribute to the glucose lowering effects of Rhizoma Coptidis.展开更多
Background:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of donepezil and ginkgo biloba for Alzheimer5s disease.Methods:A systematic literature retrieval was carried out for eligible studies in PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,We...Background:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of donepezil and ginkgo biloba for Alzheimer5s disease.Methods:A systematic literature retrieval was carried out for eligible studies in PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang and China Science and Technology Journal Database from the establishment of database to 1 February 2020.Nine randomized controlled trials were included in our study in the Review Manager 5.3.Results:Our meta-analysis found that compared with donepezil alone,ginkgo biloba and donepezil could improve clinical efficacy and enhance cognitive function measured by the mini-mental state examination score.No significant difference in the total adverse reaction,the digestive symptoms and the neurological symptoms between two groups was observed.Conclusion:The combination of donepezil plus ginkgo biloba could provide more benefits for Alzheimer 5s disease patients than donepezil alone.展开更多
Diabetic retinopathy is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and the primary reason for blindness all over the world,which is a lesion of blood vessels,neurons,and glial cells that constitut...Diabetic retinopathy is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and the primary reason for blindness all over the world,which is a lesion of blood vessels,neurons,and glial cells that constitute the complete structure of the retina.Patients may have vision loss and irreversible blindness.With the increase in the number of diabetes mellitus patients and the extension of lifespan,the incidence rate gradually increases.The clinical diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy mainly relies on regular examinations of ocular fundus and subjective patient descriptions,and once diabetic retinopathy is diagnosed,it is difficult to reverse.It is necessary to find the early markers of diabetic retinopathy.In this paper,data collection,data analysis of metabolomics and its research progress in diabetic retinopathy are summarized and prospected.In recent years,metabolomics has made some progress in the discovery of biomarkers,the exploration of pathogenesis,and the evaluation of diabetic retinopathyug efficacy of diabetic retinopathy.However,there are currently few metabolomics studies on the progression of diabetes mellitus to diabetic retinopathy.The determination of diabetic retinopathy-related specific biomarkers also requires data which a large number of animal experiments and clinical trials provide.In addition,despite the rapid development of metabolomics as an emerging discipline,there are still some problems,which need to be further improved in terms of analysis technology,data acquisition and data analysis.In general,there is still a lot of work to be done to apply metabolomics to clinical work.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC1706506 and 2021YFE0200300)the Tianjin Municipal Education Commission Science and Technology Plan Project(2021KJ137).
文摘Background:COVID-19 has had a dramatic impact on human health,economies,societies,and livelihoods around the world.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)formulae have played an important role in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.WHO evaluated the role of TCM in treating of COVID-19 and encouraged other countries to promote the use of TCM formulae.However,the key is to find the basic core traditional Chinese medicine(BC-TCM)among those formulae.Methods:For the first time,we mined the data of TCM formulae in CNIPA and analyzed herb characteristics and association rules.We then determined the BC-TCM and screened main compounds and therapeutic targets.Finally,the potential molecular mechanisms were explored by using enrichment analyses and molecular docking.Results:This study screened 123 patented TCM formulae,including 312 herbs.According to frequency statistics and association rules,nine herbs(Gan Cao,Jin Yinhua,Guang Huoxiang,Fu Ling,Huang Qi,Jie Geng,Lian Qiao,Cang Zhu,Ku Xingren)were selected as the BC-TCM.The BC-TCM involved 166 main compounds and 48 therapeutic targets.The active compounds Hederagenin,Spinasterol,Beta-sitosterol,and Liquiritin had high binding activity to the COVID-19 targets 3CL,ACE2,and core targets RELA,HSP90AA1,STAT3,MAPK3,and TP53 according to molecular docking results.Interestingly,Hederagenin might be a potential compound for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.Conclusion:Our research predicted and confirmed the preventive therapeutic effect of BC-TCM on COVID-19.This has the potential to broaden the scope of TCM,guide people in using clinical formulae,and provide valuable insights for future TCM discovery research.
文摘The interview was conducted on March 2nd, 2023 by Ioannis Solos and Charles Buck. William Morris has sustained practice since 1980. He has served on the California, Texas and Massachusetts Professional Associations, as well as the National Association. He has tendered 20 years of service to the field through academic medicine, earning a master’s degree in medical education to assist in developing Chinese medical doctoral programs and institutional review boards. He earned an OM.D. in 1988, a DAOM in 2002, and a Ph.D. focused on pulse diagnosis as clinical epistemology in 2009. He has published five books, including TCM Case Studies Dermatology, Li Shi-zhen Pulse Studies: An Illustrated Guide, Neoclassical Pulse Diagnosis, Cycles in Medical Astrology, and Transformation: Treating Trauma with Acupuncture and Herbs.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China(2020YFA0708004 and 2020YFA0708000)the Tianjin Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(20JCJQJC00070)the International Cooperation Study on the Mechanism of Xuanfei Baidu Decoction Against COVID-19 Pneumonia(2021YFE0200300).
文摘Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has been successfully applied worldwide in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).However,the pharmacological mechanisms underlying this success remain unclear.Hence,the aim of this review is to combine pharmacological assays based on the theory of TCM in order to elucidate the potential signaling pathways,targets,active compounds,and formulas of herbs that are involved in the TCM treatment of COVID-19,which exhibits combatting viral infections,immune regulation,and amelioration of lung injury and fibrosis.Extensive reports on target screening are elucidated using virtual prediction via docking analysis or network pharmacology based on existing data.The results of these reports indicate that an intricate regulatory mechanism is involved in the pathogenesis of COVID-19.Therefore,more pharmacological research on the natural herbs used in TCM should be conducted in order to determine the association between TCM and COVID-19 and account for the observed therapeutic effects of TCM against COVID-19.
文摘Medicine operates within the world views of the culture that it serves,and the widespread Chinese diaspora has carried medical practices with it.The resulting creolization takes shape at the borders of intersecting cultures in a distinct form of integration.This article explores the intersections of integration relative to the spread of Chinese medicine in the United States in practical,cognitive,and theoretical terms.This article could be a reference to practitioners,academics,and policymakers in the areas of integrative and Chinese medicine.
基金the Youth Fund Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81904141)National Key Research and Development Program of China,"Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine"(No.2019YFC1709400).
文摘Objective:The purpose of the research was to systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Shenkang injection combined with Western medicine in treating chronic glomerulonephritis.Methods:Randomized controlled trials of Shenkang Injection combined with Western medicine in treating CGN were obtained from 8 Science databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),China Biomedical Database(SinMed),Weipu Database(VIP),Wanfang Database(Wanfang),PubMed,The Cochrane Library,Embase,Web of Science from establishment to June 2022.Two researchers screened literature and extracted useful data according to inclusion and exclusion criteria,and used RevMan 5.3 and STATA SE 14.0 software to perform meta-analysis.Results:1,214 patients were included in 15 studies,with 607 in treatment group and 607 in control group.The results of meta-analysis showed that the treatment group could improve the clinical effective rate[RR=1.33,95%CI(1.25,1.40),P<0.00001],reduce serum creatinine[MD=-31.28,95%CI(-42.90,-19.66),P<0.00001],blood urea nitrogen[MD=-2.26,95%CI(-3.08,-1.44),P<0.00001],24-hour urine protein quantification[MD=-0.37,95%CI(-0.49,-0.25),P<0.00001],tumor necrosis factor-α[MD=-7.93,95%CI(-10.56,-5.30),P<0.00001],systolic blood pressure[MD=-10.81,95%CI(-13.66,-7.96),P<0.00001]and diastolic blood pressure[MD=-7.36,95%CI(-9.34,-5.38),P<0.00001].Conclusion:Shenkang injection combined with Western medicine can enhance the clinical effective rate of CGN and reduce the levels of serum creatinine,blood urea nitrogen,24-hour urine protein quantification,tumor necrosis factor-α,systolic blood and diastolic blood pressure.However,due to the low quality of literature,the conclusion still needs to be supported by more multi-center,large-sample studies with rigorous design and standardized implementation.
基金funded by the Surface Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.82274658)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (No.2022J01347)Medical Innovation Project of Fujian Provincial Health Commission (No.2022CXA053).
文摘The autonomic nervous system(ANS)includes the sympathetic,parasympathetic,and enteric nervous systems,and its senior regulatory center includes the brainstem,cingulate gyrus,and hypothalamus.Acupuncture can affect visceral,vascular,and glandular functions via the autonomic nervous regulatory pathway.In this paper,the relationship between pain and autonomic nervous function,the application of acupuncture guided by the autonomic nervous system,and the basis and clinical research on acupuncture analgesia are reviewed.
基金supported by the Tianjin Municipal Education Commission Science and Technology Plan Project-Natural Science(2021KJ137).
文摘Background:Based on network pharmacology and molecular docking,our study discussed the mechanism of Wuzi Yanzong pill in treating Osteoporosis(OP),which lays the foundation for drug development of OP.Methods:The chemical compounds and potential targets of Wuzi Yanzong pill were explored through TCMSP,PubChem,Swiss ADME and other databases.GeneCards,OMIM and Drugbank databases were used to obtain OP related targets.The intersection between the targets of Wuzi Yanzong pill and the related targets of OP was found by drawing a Venn diagram.PPI network was constructed with the STRING database and core targets were screened.The TCM-compound-action target-disease network was drawn using the Cytoscape software.The Metascape platform was used to find the pathways and functions for core target enrichment.Molecular docking validation of action compounds and core targets is completed by software such as Auto Dock Vina.Results:59 compounds and 707 action targets of Wuzi Yanzong pill were found.603 disease targets were selected,106 intersection targets were found using a Venn diagram,and 37 core targets were screened.By enrichment analysis,143 KEGG pathways,1026 GO biological processes,23 GO cell compositions and 60 GO molecular functions were obtained.The results of molecular docking showed that the effective compounds of Wuzi Yanzong pill,such as stigmasterol,quercetin,kaempferol andβ-sitosterol,had high binding activity with STAT3,TNF and IL6 core target proteins.Conclusion:Wuzi Yanzong Pill may play a role in treating OP by regulating STAT3,TNF,IL-6,TP53,VEGFA,JUN,AKT1,IL-1B,SRC,MMP9 and other pathways,as well as cancer-correlation,rheumatoid arthritis-correlation,MAPK,Th17 cell differentiation,IL-17,TNF signaling pathway and so on,to interpret Wuzi Yanzong pill’s clinic.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFC1706506)the National Natural Science Foundation of China Youth Program (81703921)the Tianjin Key Medical Discipline (Specialty)Construction Project。
文摘Objective:Liver cirrhosis is a disease that seriously damages human health.Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)formulae have a good therapeutic effect on cirrhosis,and the herb pair is the smallest unit in formula compatibility,which is important for improving the therapeutic effect.Therefore,identifying core herb pairs among TCM formulae is key.Methods:We mined the data of TCM formulae for the treatment of cirrhosis in the China National Intellectual Property Administration for the first time and analyzed their herb characteristics and association rules.We screened 405 patented TCM formulae,including 953 herbs.Based on frequency statistics and association rules,we determined“Astragali Radix-Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma”as the core herb pair.Results:Six active compounds,Isorhamnetin,Formononetin,Calycosin,Cryptotanshinone,Dihydrotanshinone I,and Tanshinone II A,were screened out based on previous studies and network pharmacology.We found that SRC,TP53,HSP90AA1,MAPK3,MAPK1,and STAT3 played pivotal roles in treating cirrhosis.Interestingly,molecular docking indicated that MAPK3 might be a potential pharmacological target for cirrhosis.Conclusion:We preliminarily predicted and verified the pharmacological and molecular mechanism of“Astragali Radix-Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma”in treating cirrhosis.This can expand the scope of TCM in the treatment of cirrhosis,guide people to use clinical formulae,and provide valuable insights for further drug discovery studies.
基金This work is supported by Jiangsu Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Development Project(No.MS2021058)Natural Science Foundation of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine(No.XZR2020062)+2 种基金Suzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau Supporting Project(No.SKY2022072)Open Project of Zhenjiang Traditional Chinese Medicine Spleen and Stomach Diseases Clinical Medicine Research Center(No.SSPW2022-KF08)Changshu Municipal Science and Technology Bureau Supporting Project(No.CS202030).
文摘1Background:Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is a disorder of bowel function,and diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome(IBS-D)is the most common.The current treatment for IBS-D is focused on improving patients’gastrointestinal-related symptoms,but there are limitations such as unstable effects and adverse drug reactions.Acupuncture and moxibustion exerts advantages in treating IBS-D.They include several forms,of which moxibustion is one of the most commonly used.And moxibustion is a common way used in treating IBS-D,but there is a lack of relevant evidence-based medical research data.This protocol aims to compare the efficacy of moxibustion(mild-warm moxibustion)in treating IBS-D(spleen deficiency and dampness excess syndrome)with the first-line treatment.Methods:In this prospective,parallel,randomized controlled trial(RCT)protocol,patients will be randomly allocated for 4-week treatment or control therapies and then 4-week follow-up in both groups.We will use Irritable Bowel Syndrome-Symptom Severity Scale(IBS-SSS)score,Irritable Bowel Syndrome-Quality of Life(IBS-QOL)score,serum brain-gut peptide levels,and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome scale score to produce more evidence on IBS-D treatment with moxibustion.Finally,we will use SPSS 22.0 software to statistically analyze the data.Discussion:Mild-warm moxibustion is a complementary alternative therapy that fits with the pathogenesis of IBS-D.We hope to see more clinical evidence for mild-warm moxibustion against IBS-D that this RCT supported.
基金This work was supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC1706506)Foundation of Tianjin Municipal Health 271 Commission(No.ZC20097)+2 种基金Foundation of Tianjin Union Medical Center(No.2020YJ017,2722017YJZD005)National Natural Science Foundation of China(L2124007)the 2021 Postgraduate Research and Innovation Project of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(ZXYCXLX202107).
文摘Background:Banxia XieXin Decoction(BXD)is a traditional Chinese medicine decoction commonly used in the Chinese clinical treatment of gastric ulcer(GU).Although some people believe that it may have some advantages in this regard,There is no reliable evidence-based study demonstrating its effectiveness.This study aims to systematically evaluate the healing effect and security of BXD in the treatment of GU.Methods:PubMed,Cochrane Library,EMBASE,ScienceNet,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang database,Weipu database,and China biomedical literature service(CBM)database were systematically searched to obtain all randomized controlled trials(RCTs)evaluating the treatment GU of BXD published as of April 2022.Two researchers independently screened and extracted all research data,finally evaluated the bias risk of inclusion in the study using revman 5.4.Results:This meta-analysis included 27 randomized controlled trials and 1411 patients.The clinical effective rate,recurrence rate,HP eradication rate,adverse reaction rate,and visual analog score(VAS)of BXD combined treatment and standard treatment alone were compared.The results of the meta-analysis showed that BXD combined treatment improve the symptoms related to the gastric ulcers and reduce drug-related adverse reactions.Due to the low quality of the research included in this analysis,in-depth high-quality research is crucial for verifying these results.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82074211,81873130 and 8216140470)Graduate Research Innovation Project of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Nos.YJSKC-20221026 and YJSKC-20221029)2021 Annual Graduate Students Innovation Fund of School of Integrative Medicine,Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Nos.ZXYCXLX202116 and ZXYCXLX202101)。
文摘As a serious cardiovascular disease,atherosclerosis(AS)causes chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in the body and poses a threat to human health.Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2(Lp-PLA2)is a member of the phospholipase A2(PLA2)family,and its elevated levels have been shown to contribute to AS.Lp-PLA2 is closely related to a variety of lipoproteins,and its role in promoting inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in AS is mainly achieved by hydrolyzing oxidized phosphatidylcholine(ox PC)to produce lysophosphatidylcholine(lyso PC).Moreover,macrophage apoptosis within plaque is promoted by localized Lp-PLA2 which also promotes plaque instability.This paper reviews those researches of Chinese medicine in treating AS via reducing Lp-PLA2 levels to guide future experimental studies and clinical applications related to AS.
文摘Biliary dyskinesia is a relatively common gastrointestinal disease that is increas-ing in incidence as living standards improve.However,its underlying pathogenesis remains unclear,hindering the development of therapeutic drugs.Recently,“Expression and functional study of cholecystokinin-A receptors on the interstitial Cajal-like cells of the guinea pig common bile duct”demonstrated that cholecystokinin(CCK)regulates the contractile function of the common bile duct through interaction with the CCK-A receptor in interstitial Cajal-like cells,contributing to improving the academic understanding of biliary tract dynamics and providing emerging directions for the pathogenesis and clinical management of biliary dyskinesia.This letter provides a brief overview of the role of CCK and CCK-A receptors in biliary dyskinesia from the perspective of animal experiments and clinical studies,and discusses prospects and challenges for the clinical application of CCK and CCK-A receptors as potential therapeutic targets.
基金Supported by the Scientific Foundation of Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hebei Province,China,No.2023257.
文摘BACKGROUND Jianpi Gushen Huayu Decoction(JPGS)has been used to clinically treat diabetic nephropathy(DN)for many years.However,the protective mechanism of JPGS in treating DN remains unclear.AIM To evaluate the therapeutic effects and the possible mechanism of JPGS on DN.METHODS We first evaluated the therapeutic potential of JPGS on a DN mouse model.We then investigated the effect of JPGS on the renal metabolite levels of DN mice using non-targeted metabolomics.Furthermore,we examined the effects of JPGS on c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)/P38-mediated apoptosis and the inflammatory responses mediated by toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)/NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3).RESULTS The ameliorative effects of JPGS on DN mice included the alleviation of renal injury and the control of inflammation and oxidative stress.Untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed that JPGS altered the metabolites of the kidneys in DN mice.A total of 51 differential metabolites were screened.Pathway analysis results indicated that nine pathways significantly changed between the control and model groups,while six pathways significantly altered between the model and JPGS groups.Pathways related to cysteine and methionine metabolism;alanine,tryptophan metabolism;aspartate and glutamate metabolism;and riboflavin metabolism were identified as the key pathways through which JPGS affects DN.Further experimental validation showed that JPGS treatment reduced the expression of TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathways and JNK/P38 pathway-mediated apoptosis related factors.CONCLUSION JPGS could markedly treat mice with streptozotocin(STZ)-induced DN,which is possibly related to the regulation of several metabolic pathways found in kidneys.Furthermore,JPGS could improve kidney inflammatory responses and ameliorate kidney injuries in DN mice via the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway and inhibit JNK/P38 pathwaymediated apoptosis in DN mice.
基金supported by Global Ph.D.Fellowship Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(2014H1A2A1020588)by Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute,by a Korean Pharmacopuncture Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute(KPI-2014-010)by the grant K13290 of KIOM and by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science,ICT and Future Planning(2013R1A1A2021577)
文摘With chromium-hematoxylin staining, we found evidence for the existence of novel age-dependent network structures in the dura mater of rat brains. Under stereomicroscopy, we noticed that chromium-hematoxylin-stained threadlike structures, which were barely observable in 1-weekold rats, were networked in specific areas of the brain, for example, the lateral lobes and the cerebella, in 4-week-old rats. In 7-week-old rats, those structures were found to have become larger and better networked. With phase contrast microscopy, we found that in 1-week-old rats, chromium-hematoxylin-stained granules were scattered in the same areas of the brain in which the network structures would later be observed in the 4- and 7-week-old rats. Such age-dependent network structures were examined by using optical and transmission electron microscopy, and the following results were obtained. The scattered granules fused into networks with increasing age. Cross-sections of the age-dependent network structures demonstrated heavily-stained basophilic substructures. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the basophilic substructures to be clusters with high electron densities consisting of nanosized particles. We report these data as evidence for the existence of age-dependent network structures in the dura mater, we discuss their putative functions of age-dependent network structures beyond the general concept of the dura mater as a supporting matrix.
基金financed by grants from the National Major Science and Technology Projects of China (No. YB2019023)Independent Project of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (No. ZZ12-002)
文摘In 2018,the 11^(th) Edition of the International Classification of Diseases(ICD-11)defined a diagnostic code list for standard traditional medicine(TM)conditions.The codes improve patient safety by providing more comprehensive and accurate medical records for hospitals in the Western Pacific Region.In these facilities,TM is often a standard of care for those populations.In several mainstream media sources,writers are circumventing evidence-based peer-reviewed medical literature by unduly influencing public opinion and,in this case,against the new ICD-11 codes.The dangers imposed by the transgression of popular writing onto the discipline of peer-reviewed works are present since best practices in medical record-keeping will fail without the inclusion of TM in the ICD-11 codes.Such failures directly affect the health of the patients and policymakers in regions where TM and conventional medicine are combined.This article investigates the boundaries between substantial evidence and popular opinion.In this era where media is used to manipulate evidence,the reader’s use of sound judgment and critical thought are thwarted.This article also challenges three controversial themes in pop literature,including the threat to endangered species,increased patient risk,and contaminants in the TM.These themes are made without evidence and are,in fact,of flawed logic.There is no reason to assume that improved medical record-keeping and knowledge of patient cases increase risks.
基金This work was supported by State Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant number:81430095).
文摘Licorice is one of the oldest herbal medicines for its various ethno pharmacological uses.In both Asian and European countries,it has been recorded for treatment of inflammatory diseases.A large number of ingredients have been isolated from licorice,including triterpene saponins and flavonoids,which are normally being considered to be the main biologically active components.In the last decade,licorice has been proved exert anti-diabetic effect in various in vivo and in vitro models of diabetes mellitus.Furthermore,licorice can also antagonize all sorts of diabetes complications,including diabetic nephropathy,atherosclerosis,diabetic retinopathy and neuropathy.Except anti-inflammation,licorice and its active components show anti-diabetic effects by improving insulin resistance and increasing insulin secretion,regulating lipid metabolism,and anti-oxidation.The useful effects of licorice and its active components are due to regulating different pathways and proteins,including NF-κB,AMPK,insulin signaling pathway,MAPK,etc.In this review,we provide an overview of the beneficial effects and related molecular mechanism of licorice and its effective components on improving diabetes and its complications.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81570870)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2016J01375)Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Fujian Medical University(No.C4015,No.C19067,No.S202010392022X)。
文摘AIM:To evaluate the feasibility of promoting genetic detection for granular corneal dystrophy type 2(GCD2)by a questionnaire conducted among citizens in five cities in China.METHODS:The data were collected by questionnaire,and analyzed by Chi-square test and one-tailed t test in IBM SPSS statistics.RESULTS:Based on the survey data on the awareness of GCD2 genetic detection in this study and the positive predictive analysis report of the citizens in five cities in China,the vast majority(84.2%)of respondents had never heard of it and did not know that GCD2 patients have been prohibited from performing excimer surgery that can deteriorate GCD2 patients’condition even leading to blindness.Though 3.4%of patients understood GCD2 very much,they have no idea that GCD2 could not be 100%accuracy diagnosed by the conventional inspection methods.CONCLUSION:It is feasible and necessary to use GCD2 genetic detection as an excimer preoperative examination project.In order to promote the development of detection project,a few improvements should be carried out in terms of the promoting efforts,costs,and research progress.
基金supported by Technology Major Project of China“Key New Drug Creation and Manufacturing Program”(No.2017ZX09301012-001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20972098,No.81703776 and No.81430095)the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2014CB560706).
文摘Rhizoma Coptidis,a traditional Chinese herbal medicine,has been used for treating diabetes for thousands of years.However,the molecular basis for this action has not been elucidated.In the present study,the effects of seven main alkaloids of Rhizoma Coptidis on glycometabolism were investigated and the related molecular mechanism of five active compounds on insulin resistant(IR)cell model was explored for the first time.Results showed that berberine,palmatine,epiberberine,columbamine and groenlandicine enhanced glucose consumption in the palmitic acid(PA)-induced IR-HepG2 cells,indicating that these compounds could improve IR.In addition,we found that among these active alkaloids,berberine,columbamine,epiberberine and groenlandicine could inhibit the activation of ERK and p38 pathway,while berberine,columbamine,palmatine and epiberberine could activate AMPK pathway.Moreover,palmatine and columbamine regulated the mRNA expression of GLUT2 to ameliorate IR via activating AMPK and inactivating p38 MAPK signal pathway.To sum up,berberine,columbamine,palmatine,epiberberine and groenlandicine might be the active reagents,which contribute to the glucose lowering effects of Rhizoma Coptidis.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Project of Tianjin Education Commission,China(No.2018KJ031)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81704004).
文摘Background:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of donepezil and ginkgo biloba for Alzheimer5s disease.Methods:A systematic literature retrieval was carried out for eligible studies in PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang and China Science and Technology Journal Database from the establishment of database to 1 February 2020.Nine randomized controlled trials were included in our study in the Review Manager 5.3.Results:Our meta-analysis found that compared with donepezil alone,ginkgo biloba and donepezil could improve clinical efficacy and enhance cognitive function measured by the mini-mental state examination score.No significant difference in the total adverse reaction,the digestive symptoms and the neurological symptoms between two groups was observed.Conclusion:The combination of donepezil plus ginkgo biloba could provide more benefits for Alzheimer 5s disease patients than donepezil alone.
文摘Diabetic retinopathy is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and the primary reason for blindness all over the world,which is a lesion of blood vessels,neurons,and glial cells that constitute the complete structure of the retina.Patients may have vision loss and irreversible blindness.With the increase in the number of diabetes mellitus patients and the extension of lifespan,the incidence rate gradually increases.The clinical diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy mainly relies on regular examinations of ocular fundus and subjective patient descriptions,and once diabetic retinopathy is diagnosed,it is difficult to reverse.It is necessary to find the early markers of diabetic retinopathy.In this paper,data collection,data analysis of metabolomics and its research progress in diabetic retinopathy are summarized and prospected.In recent years,metabolomics has made some progress in the discovery of biomarkers,the exploration of pathogenesis,and the evaluation of diabetic retinopathyug efficacy of diabetic retinopathy.However,there are currently few metabolomics studies on the progression of diabetes mellitus to diabetic retinopathy.The determination of diabetic retinopathy-related specific biomarkers also requires data which a large number of animal experiments and clinical trials provide.In addition,despite the rapid development of metabolomics as an emerging discipline,there are still some problems,which need to be further improved in terms of analysis technology,data acquisition and data analysis.In general,there is still a lot of work to be done to apply metabolomics to clinical work.
