BACKGROUND:To investigate the eff ects of early standardized enteral nutrition(EN)on the crosssectional area of erector spine muscle(ESMcsa),plasma growth diff erentiation factor-15(GDF-15),and 28-day mortality of acu...BACKGROUND:To investigate the eff ects of early standardized enteral nutrition(EN)on the crosssectional area of erector spine muscle(ESMcsa),plasma growth diff erentiation factor-15(GDF-15),and 28-day mortality of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD)patients with invasive mechanical ventilation(MV).METHODS:A total of 97 AECOPD patients with invasive MV were screened in the ICUs of the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang.The conventional EN group(stage Ⅰ)and early standardized EN group(stage Ⅱ)included 46 and 51 patients,respectively.ESMcsa loss and GDF-15 levels on days 1 and 7 of ICU admission and 28-day survival rates were analyzed.RESULTS:On day 7,the ESMcsa of the early standardized EN group was significantly higher than that of the conventional EN group,while the plasma GDF-15 levels were significantly lower than those in the conventional EN group(ESMcsa:28.426±6.130 cm^(2) vs.25.205±6.127 cm^(2);GDF-15:1661.608±558.820 pg/mL vs.2541.000±634.845 pg/mL;all P<0.001).The 28-day survival rates of the patients in the early standardized EN group and conventional EN group were 80.40%and 73.90%,respectively(P=0.406).CONCLUSION:ESMcsa loss in AECOPD patients with MV was correlated with GDF-15 levels,both of which indicated acute muscular atrophy and skeletal muscle dysfunction.Early standardized EN may prevent acute muscle loss and intensive care unit-acquired weakness(ICU-AW)in AECOPD patients.展开更多
Background: The last two decades have witnessed the advancement of accreditation of Chinese higher education, with pharmacy programs being one of the most important. The purpose of this research was to review and eluc...Background: The last two decades have witnessed the advancement of accreditation of Chinese higher education, with pharmacy programs being one of the most important. The purpose of this research was to review and elucidate the evolution of the pharmacy accreditation system in China. Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane databases and Google Scholar and CKNI databases, the website of the Working Committee for the Accreditation of Medical Education, and related university websites. Search terms used with each database were “accreditation” AND “pharmacy” AND “China”. The search strategy was designed to identify studies that report pharmacy program accreditation in China. Results: The primary outcomes indicate that the timeline of current Chinese pharmacy accreditation can be divided into four distinct chronological periods. Conclusion: After two decades of evolution, the qualification of the pharmaceutical program in China has significantly advanced its committees, criteria, methods, and systems, though with areas for refinement. As China embarks upon the process of pharmacy accreditation, it is simultaneously drawing upon lessons from the developed world, as well as infusing the process with its own distinct cultural identity. To effectively tackle current issues in the field of pharmacy accreditation, a commitment to continual quality advancement is required.展开更多
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has garnered considerable attention from countries, institutions, enterprises and social groups. However, the lack of research on CSR evaluation system for industries has impeded ...Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has garnered considerable attention from countries, institutions, enterprises and social groups. However, the lack of research on CSR evaluation system for industries has impeded its development and construction across various industries. Therefore, given the close association of pharmaceutical distribution enterprises with personal health, there exists a pressing need to explore the CSR in this domain. This paper establishes a CSR evaluation index system for pharmaceutical distribution enterprises, employing a combination of documentary analysis and in-depth interviews. This index system comprises 7 CSR criterion layers (e.g., responsible governance and employee responsibility) and 56 index layers. 25 listed companies in China’s pharmaceutical distribution industry are chosen as research objects, and this study also establishes an evaluation model for the CSR of pharmaceutical distribution companies through the improved Criteria Importance Though Intercrieria Correlation (CRITIC) method combined with The Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method. The empirical analysis reveals that the responsible governance criterion layer and the social development criterion layer demonstrate the best performance, while the supplier, customer and patient responsibility criterion layer exhibit the worst performance.展开更多
With the rapid development of information technology and the Internet,people can easily and quickly obtain news and information from all over the world.As the state’s requirements for the curriculum ideology and poli...With the rapid development of information technology and the Internet,people can easily and quickly obtain news and information from all over the world.As the state’s requirements for the curriculum ideology and politics are being strengthened,it is necessary to adapt to the needs of the times and integrate ideology and politics into college English teaching.Integration of ideology and politics into teaching is a challenge faced by colleges and universities nowadays,which aims to make ideology and politics alive and well and more acceptable to contemporary college students.In view of this,this paper starts with the importance of the integration of ideology and politics into college English teaching,takes An Overview of Chinese Culture as an example,analyzes new approaches for integrating ideology and politics into the teaching process,and formulates the teaching design centered around these approaches,so as to promote the organic integration of ideology and politics with English teaching.展开更多
Expression of estrogen receptors is correlated with breast cancer risk,but inconsistent results have been reported.To clarify potential estrogen receptor(ESR)-related breast cancer risk,we analyzed genetic variants of...Expression of estrogen receptors is correlated with breast cancer risk,but inconsistent results have been reported.To clarify potential estrogen receptor(ESR)-related breast cancer risk,we analyzed genetic variants of ESR1 in association with breast cancer susceptibility.We performed a meta-analysis to investigate the association between rs2234693,rs1801132,and rs2046210(single nucleotide polymorphisms of ESR1),and breast cancer risk.Our analysis included 44 case-control studies.For rs2234693,the CC genotype had a higher risk of breast cancer compared to the TT or CT genotype.For rs2046210,the AA,GA,or GA + GG genotype had a much higher risk compared to the GG genotype.No significant association was found for the rs 1801132 polymorphism with breast cancer risk.This meta-analysis demonstrates association between the rs2234693 and rs2046210 polymorphisms of ESR1 and breast cancer risk.The correlation strength between rs2234693 and breast cancer susceptibility differs in subgroup assessment by ethnicity.展开更多
China is the largest producer and exporter in textiles in the world now,but most Chinese textile and apparel enterprises operate in the low stream of global value chain? Cprocessing and assembling.A combination of d...China is the largest producer and exporter in textiles in the world now,but most Chinese textile and apparel enterprises operate in the low stream of global value chain? Cprocessing and assembling.A combination of domestic supply side constrains of high wages and external pressures of appreciation of RMB and trade friction make it difficult for Chinese textile and apparel industry to maintain the low-wage manufacturing.The paper analyzes by stakeholder map for trade friction.It may be more effective that China deals with the trade issues based on the analysis of different stakeholders.The political agreement is only a temporary resolution;the more important way is try to upgrade the operations in developed regions.According to industrial organization theory and global value chain theory,it is suggested product development and marketing are upgrading paths for Chinese展开更多
To achieve sustainable development,it is vitally important to identify the factors driving urban green innovation and evaluate the contributions of different factors.This study uses a Chinese patent full-text database...To achieve sustainable development,it is vitally important to identify the factors driving urban green innovation and evaluate the contributions of different factors.This study uses a Chinese patent full-text database from 2005 to 2016 to identify the number of green patents at the prefecture level and analyzes the main determinants that lead to differences in green innovation level in different regions and types,and their respective contributions by regression and decomposition.This study finds that first,China's green innovation level is characterized by unbalanced development among different regions-the coastal areas develop rapidly while the inland areas develop comparatively slowly.Green innovation output is polarized among different cities,and the trend is more severe in inland areas.Second,economic development acts as the leading factor influencing the overall green innovation output of China both in inland and coastal areas,factor input follows as the second influencing factor,while government behavior has a comparatively small impact on green innovation.Third,regarding green patents of different types in different regions,economic development still serves as the major factor of unbalanced output of all kinds of patents,and government behavior has a relatively obvious regional characteristic,whose impact on inland areas is more evident.展开更多
The fundamental task of well-facilitated farmland construction is to continuously lift the integrated production capacity. External project construction for well-facilitated farmland can not completely solve existing ...The fundamental task of well-facilitated farmland construction is to continuously lift the integrated production capacity. External project construction for well-facilitated farmland can not completely solve existing problems in improvement of intrinsic quality of farmland.Based on research findings of integrated production capacity of farmland,starting from basic elements such as water,soil,seed,fertilizer,and pesticide,this paper introduced factors influencing the integrated production capacity of well-facilitated farmland,including natural quality of farmland,supporting infrastructure,agricultural technology level and management level,and labor quality. Besides,it establish an evaluation system for integrated production capacity of well-facilitated farmland in Jiangsu Province by Analytic Hierarchy Process( AHP),and made an empirical study using indicator data of 2010- 2014. Results indicated that the general index of integrated production capacity of farmland in Jiangsu Province in 2010- 2014 was ascending,reflecting improvement of integrated production capacity of farmland. With the aid of radar map,it further found that the coupling between water,soil,seed,fertilizer,and pesticide and other elements play a crucial role in lifting the integrated production capacity of farmland. Finally,based on existing problems in construction of well-facilitated farmland in Jiangsu Province,it came up with some pertinent recommendations from the perspective of coordinated development of all elements.展开更多
Systematically analyze the composition of post-marketing adverse drug reaction data and the open mode in the EU, and summarize its characteristics. EU post-marketing ADR data is open to six categories of stakeholders:...Systematically analyze the composition of post-marketing adverse drug reaction data and the open mode in the EU, and summarize its characteristics. EU post-marketing ADR data is open to six categories of stakeholders: EMA, EC, medicines regulatory authorities in EEA member states, healthcare professionals and the public, Marketing Authorization Holders, academia, WHO and medicines regulatory authorities in third countries. The EU has implemented hierarchical opening for ADRs, with different levels containing different data and facing different stakeholders. Openness is divided into active and passive openness. In opening up data, the EU complies with relevant personal data protection laws to protect the privacy of individuals. The EU’s post-marketing adverse drug reaction data openness is characterized by a combination of data openness and privacy protection, active and passive openness, and a hierarchy of data openness. It is hoped that this can provide a reference for the opening up of post-marketing adverse drug reaction data in China.展开更多
The conflict between city development and urban carrying capacity is getting ever prominent.In order to study and predict the restriction factors and prominent problems in the development of the Shandong Peninsula Blu...The conflict between city development and urban carrying capacity is getting ever prominent.In order to study and predict the restriction factors and prominent problems in the development of the Shandong Peninsula Blue Economic Zone as well as promote the transfer of economic development pattern in this region,this study starts from four single factor carrying capacity indicators of water,earth,transportation and environment in the city and its comprehensive carrying capacity indicator,evaluates and analyzes its carrying capacity and then papooses policy suggestions for improving its carrying capacity.展开更多
This paper develops a clase of quadrature formula with first derivativesIt is demonstrated that its degree of accuracy is not less than 2k+1 for a set of distinct nodes {x0,x1,...,xn} over interval [a,b],and just only...This paper develops a clase of quadrature formula with first derivativesIt is demonstrated that its degree of accuracy is not less than 2k+1 for a set of distinct nodes {x0,x1,...,xn} over interval [a,b],and just only 2k+1 for equally spaced nodes.Far overcoming the shortcoming of involving a great number of manual computations for the integration rules of the Hermitian interpolation formula,some simple formulas for computing automatically βi,γi and E [f] by computer are given,especially for equally spaced nodes.展开更多
As a crucial environmental reform system to realize“carbon peaking”and“carbon neutrality”,the pilot policy of low-carbon cities(LCCs)puts pressure and challenges on high-carbon emitting enterprises(HCEEs)while pro...As a crucial environmental reform system to realize“carbon peaking”and“carbon neutrality”,the pilot policy of low-carbon cities(LCCs)puts pressure and challenges on high-carbon emitting enterprises(HCEEs)while providing opportunities for these firms to take the path of independent transformation.Employing the data of Chinese listed enterprises from 2006 to 2016 and adopting a difference-in-differences(DID)model,we evaluated the impact of LCC construction on the upgrading of HCEEs and its mechanisms.The results indicate that LCC construction enhances the upgrading of HCEEs in the pilot cities.The conclusions remain stable after a series of robustness tests.The mechanism analysis reveals that LCC construction triggers the upgrading of HCEEs by promoting resource allocation efficiency,R&D investment,and green technology innovation.The heterogeneity results indicate that this positive effect is more pronounced for HCEEs in regions with more stringent environmental law enforcement.This study also observes that the upgrading impact is more promi‐nent for state-owned enterprises,enterprises with higher bargaining power,and enterprises whose managers have a long-term vision.The above results provide directions for upgrading HCEEs and replicable evidence for cities in developing economies to fulfill the win-win target of environmental protection and economic transfor‐mation.展开更多
Ageing of population is an advantage of demographic structure in China.Ageing level will cause labor population be fewer and older,the social production and government revenue will decline.At the same time,ageing leve...Ageing of population is an advantage of demographic structure in China.Ageing level will cause labor population be fewer and older,the social production and government revenue will decline.At the same time,ageing level will increase more pressure on social pension and medical security.Therefore,ageing ofpopulation has effects on the common resource and public expenditure which may cause financial risks.This paper will determine the relationship between the ageing and financial risk,then give the relevant countermeasures,such as population policy adjustment,diversification of social service system of the old and so on.展开更多
China's aging pressure is increasingly serious. The elderly people are difficult to seek medical advice,the elderly dependency ratio is soaring,finance fails to bear such heavy load,and social endowment service pr...China's aging pressure is increasingly serious. The elderly people are difficult to seek medical advice,the elderly dependency ratio is soaring,finance fails to bear such heavy load,and social endowment service pressure is also constantly increasing. Traditional endowment mode is already incapable of satisfying current endowment demands. On the basis of the population aging,this paper came up with the new endowment mode " hospital + nursing home" and analyzed its feasibility. Finally,it reached the conclusion that this endowment mode is helpful for solving problems of endowment and medical care,and alleviating the problem of population aging.展开更多
The depth and breadth of participation in the global value chain(GVC)significantly impacts a country's fine particulate contamination(PM_(2.5))emissions.First,based on the GVC accounting framework,the sources of P...The depth and breadth of participation in the global value chain(GVC)significantly impacts a country's fine particulate contamination(PM_(2.5))emissions.First,based on the GVC accounting framework,the sources of PM_(2.5) emissions in China between 1990 and 2015 are identified and investigated considering production-side,consumption-side,and export-implied pollution.Then,index decomposition analysis(IDA)of emissions is conducted to further investigate the changes in and causes of air pollution in China.Throughout the analytical process,differences between the PM_(2.5) emissions in two time periods-one of rapid economic growth and another of the“new normal”economy-are compared.The results demonstrate that:China is embedded in high pollution links of GVCs;China transfers pollution to third-parties by importing intermediate products from resource-intensive countries in the global production system;extensive economic growth caused an increase in China's total PM_(2.5) emissions,but cleaner production technology can reduce the emissions intensity.Industrial restructuring under the“new normal”has increased China's short-term PM_(2.5) emissions intensity.These results suggest that China should optimize and upgrade its domestic economic structure and transform its export growth mode to deliver high added value and low pollution.Further,it should prioritize cooperation between the upstream and downstream value chain and accelerate the upgrading of its consumption structure in this new era.展开更多
Based on the China Customs Database and the China Industrial Enterprises Database, this paper estimates the proportions of imports and exports by air of Chinese firms and variables that may influence such proportions....Based on the China Customs Database and the China Industrial Enterprises Database, this paper estimates the proportions of imports and exports by air of Chinese firms and variables that may influence such proportions. Through OLS regression and seemingly unrelated regression(SUR), this paper analyzes the possible determinants of the share of trade by air. Our findings suggest that the TFP of firms is positively correlated with the share of trade by air. The ratio of value-added in exports is positively correlated with the share of imports by air and negatively correlated with the share of exports by air; the average distance of transport is significantly positively correlated with the share of trade by air in full-sample and grouped regressions. Rising TFP increases the share of imports and exports by air the most for processing trade firms, particularly for firms in the eastern region and foreign-funded firms. An increase in the ratio of value-added in exports increases the share of imports by air the most for general trade firms, and also significantly influences the use of air transport by firms in the eastern region and foreign-funded firms. These conclusions offer valuable policy references for promoting trade in various parts of China and especially the inland regions.展开更多
Agriculture is related to the strategy and security of a country. Every country is very discreet about access of foreign capitals to the agricultural field. Countries along the " Belt and Road" also have imp...Agriculture is related to the strategy and security of a country. Every country is very discreet about access of foreign capitals to the agricultural field. Countries along the " Belt and Road" also have imposed restrictions on the access of foreign capitals to the agricultural field.There are restrictions on establishing agriculture-related enterprises,affiliated organizations,and branch offices. Also,there are regulations concerning the scope,proportion,performance requirement,and approval of access of foreign capitals to the agricultural field.展开更多
An analysis of the sources of profit growth for China's state-owned industry since 1999 indicates that the key source of profit growth is not the high productivity of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) but rather thei...An analysis of the sources of profit growth for China's state-owned industry since 1999 indicates that the key source of profit growth is not the high productivity of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) but rather their monopoly position and pricing power in some basic industries. From an overall social perspective, such high profitability means an inefficient allocation of industrial resources and a potential loss of social welfare. Therefore, further expanding and deepening the reform of SOE property rights, encouraging the development of non-SOEs and boosting the competitiveness of basic industries will significantly improve the resource allocation efficiency of the Chinese industry and enhance overall social welfare.展开更多
基金funded by the Social Development Project of Jiangsu Provincial Department of Science and Technology(BE2020670)the Social Development Project of Lianyungang Science and Technology(SF2117).
文摘BACKGROUND:To investigate the eff ects of early standardized enteral nutrition(EN)on the crosssectional area of erector spine muscle(ESMcsa),plasma growth diff erentiation factor-15(GDF-15),and 28-day mortality of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD)patients with invasive mechanical ventilation(MV).METHODS:A total of 97 AECOPD patients with invasive MV were screened in the ICUs of the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang.The conventional EN group(stage Ⅰ)and early standardized EN group(stage Ⅱ)included 46 and 51 patients,respectively.ESMcsa loss and GDF-15 levels on days 1 and 7 of ICU admission and 28-day survival rates were analyzed.RESULTS:On day 7,the ESMcsa of the early standardized EN group was significantly higher than that of the conventional EN group,while the plasma GDF-15 levels were significantly lower than those in the conventional EN group(ESMcsa:28.426±6.130 cm^(2) vs.25.205±6.127 cm^(2);GDF-15:1661.608±558.820 pg/mL vs.2541.000±634.845 pg/mL;all P<0.001).The 28-day survival rates of the patients in the early standardized EN group and conventional EN group were 80.40%and 73.90%,respectively(P=0.406).CONCLUSION:ESMcsa loss in AECOPD patients with MV was correlated with GDF-15 levels,both of which indicated acute muscular atrophy and skeletal muscle dysfunction.Early standardized EN may prevent acute muscle loss and intensive care unit-acquired weakness(ICU-AW)in AECOPD patients.
文摘Background: The last two decades have witnessed the advancement of accreditation of Chinese higher education, with pharmacy programs being one of the most important. The purpose of this research was to review and elucidate the evolution of the pharmacy accreditation system in China. Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane databases and Google Scholar and CKNI databases, the website of the Working Committee for the Accreditation of Medical Education, and related university websites. Search terms used with each database were “accreditation” AND “pharmacy” AND “China”. The search strategy was designed to identify studies that report pharmacy program accreditation in China. Results: The primary outcomes indicate that the timeline of current Chinese pharmacy accreditation can be divided into four distinct chronological periods. Conclusion: After two decades of evolution, the qualification of the pharmaceutical program in China has significantly advanced its committees, criteria, methods, and systems, though with areas for refinement. As China embarks upon the process of pharmacy accreditation, it is simultaneously drawing upon lessons from the developed world, as well as infusing the process with its own distinct cultural identity. To effectively tackle current issues in the field of pharmacy accreditation, a commitment to continual quality advancement is required.
文摘Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has garnered considerable attention from countries, institutions, enterprises and social groups. However, the lack of research on CSR evaluation system for industries has impeded its development and construction across various industries. Therefore, given the close association of pharmaceutical distribution enterprises with personal health, there exists a pressing need to explore the CSR in this domain. This paper establishes a CSR evaluation index system for pharmaceutical distribution enterprises, employing a combination of documentary analysis and in-depth interviews. This index system comprises 7 CSR criterion layers (e.g., responsible governance and employee responsibility) and 56 index layers. 25 listed companies in China’s pharmaceutical distribution industry are chosen as research objects, and this study also establishes an evaluation model for the CSR of pharmaceutical distribution companies through the improved Criteria Importance Though Intercrieria Correlation (CRITIC) method combined with The Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method. The empirical analysis reveals that the responsible governance criterion layer and the social development criterion layer demonstrate the best performance, while the supplier, customer and patient responsibility criterion layer exhibit the worst performance.
文摘With the rapid development of information technology and the Internet,people can easily and quickly obtain news and information from all over the world.As the state’s requirements for the curriculum ideology and politics are being strengthened,it is necessary to adapt to the needs of the times and integrate ideology and politics into college English teaching.Integration of ideology and politics into teaching is a challenge faced by colleges and universities nowadays,which aims to make ideology and politics alive and well and more acceptable to contemporary college students.In view of this,this paper starts with the importance of the integration of ideology and politics into college English teaching,takes An Overview of Chinese Culture as an example,analyzes new approaches for integrating ideology and politics into the teaching process,and formulates the teaching design centered around these approaches,so as to promote the organic integration of ideology and politics with English teaching.
基金supported by the National NaturalScience Foundation of China(No.81373102 to YZ,No.61301251 to LG)the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(No.12KJB310003)+2 种基金Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institution(PAPD)Flagship Major Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutionssupported by the Qing-lan Project of Jiangsu Province and the Excellent Young Teach Project of Nanjing Medical University
文摘Expression of estrogen receptors is correlated with breast cancer risk,but inconsistent results have been reported.To clarify potential estrogen receptor(ESR)-related breast cancer risk,we analyzed genetic variants of ESR1 in association with breast cancer susceptibility.We performed a meta-analysis to investigate the association between rs2234693,rs1801132,and rs2046210(single nucleotide polymorphisms of ESR1),and breast cancer risk.Our analysis included 44 case-control studies.For rs2234693,the CC genotype had a higher risk of breast cancer compared to the TT or CT genotype.For rs2046210,the AA,GA,or GA + GG genotype had a much higher risk compared to the GG genotype.No significant association was found for the rs 1801132 polymorphism with breast cancer risk.This meta-analysis demonstrates association between the rs2234693 and rs2046210 polymorphisms of ESR1 and breast cancer risk.The correlation strength between rs2234693 and breast cancer susceptibility differs in subgroup assessment by ethnicity.
基金China Social Science Funds (Approved Number :07JC790006)
文摘China is the largest producer and exporter in textiles in the world now,but most Chinese textile and apparel enterprises operate in the low stream of global value chain? Cprocessing and assembling.A combination of domestic supply side constrains of high wages and external pressures of appreciation of RMB and trade friction make it difficult for Chinese textile and apparel industry to maintain the low-wage manufacturing.The paper analyzes by stakeholder map for trade friction.It may be more effective that China deals with the trade issues based on the analysis of different stakeholders.The political agreement is only a temporary resolution;the more important way is try to upgrade the operations in developed regions.According to industrial organization theory and global value chain theory,it is suggested product development and marketing are upgrading paths for Chinese
文摘To achieve sustainable development,it is vitally important to identify the factors driving urban green innovation and evaluate the contributions of different factors.This study uses a Chinese patent full-text database from 2005 to 2016 to identify the number of green patents at the prefecture level and analyzes the main determinants that lead to differences in green innovation level in different regions and types,and their respective contributions by regression and decomposition.This study finds that first,China's green innovation level is characterized by unbalanced development among different regions-the coastal areas develop rapidly while the inland areas develop comparatively slowly.Green innovation output is polarized among different cities,and the trend is more severe in inland areas.Second,economic development acts as the leading factor influencing the overall green innovation output of China both in inland and coastal areas,factor input follows as the second influencing factor,while government behavior has a comparatively small impact on green innovation.Third,regarding green patents of different types in different regions,economic development still serves as the major factor of unbalanced output of all kinds of patents,and government behavior has a relatively obvious regional characteristic,whose impact on inland areas is more evident.
基金Supported by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China Pharmaceutical University(2015PYW01)
文摘The fundamental task of well-facilitated farmland construction is to continuously lift the integrated production capacity. External project construction for well-facilitated farmland can not completely solve existing problems in improvement of intrinsic quality of farmland.Based on research findings of integrated production capacity of farmland,starting from basic elements such as water,soil,seed,fertilizer,and pesticide,this paper introduced factors influencing the integrated production capacity of well-facilitated farmland,including natural quality of farmland,supporting infrastructure,agricultural technology level and management level,and labor quality. Besides,it establish an evaluation system for integrated production capacity of well-facilitated farmland in Jiangsu Province by Analytic Hierarchy Process( AHP),and made an empirical study using indicator data of 2010- 2014. Results indicated that the general index of integrated production capacity of farmland in Jiangsu Province in 2010- 2014 was ascending,reflecting improvement of integrated production capacity of farmland. With the aid of radar map,it further found that the coupling between water,soil,seed,fertilizer,and pesticide and other elements play a crucial role in lifting the integrated production capacity of farmland. Finally,based on existing problems in construction of well-facilitated farmland in Jiangsu Province,it came up with some pertinent recommendations from the perspective of coordinated development of all elements.
文摘Systematically analyze the composition of post-marketing adverse drug reaction data and the open mode in the EU, and summarize its characteristics. EU post-marketing ADR data is open to six categories of stakeholders: EMA, EC, medicines regulatory authorities in EEA member states, healthcare professionals and the public, Marketing Authorization Holders, academia, WHO and medicines regulatory authorities in third countries. The EU has implemented hierarchical opening for ADRs, with different levels containing different data and facing different stakeholders. Openness is divided into active and passive openness. In opening up data, the EU complies with relevant personal data protection laws to protect the privacy of individuals. The EU’s post-marketing adverse drug reaction data openness is characterized by a combination of data openness and privacy protection, active and passive openness, and a hierarchy of data openness. It is hoped that this can provide a reference for the opening up of post-marketing adverse drug reaction data in China.
基金supported by China National Soft Science Research Program[grant number 2013GXS4D129]
文摘The conflict between city development and urban carrying capacity is getting ever prominent.In order to study and predict the restriction factors and prominent problems in the development of the Shandong Peninsula Blue Economic Zone as well as promote the transfer of economic development pattern in this region,this study starts from four single factor carrying capacity indicators of water,earth,transportation and environment in the city and its comprehensive carrying capacity indicator,evaluates and analyzes its carrying capacity and then papooses policy suggestions for improving its carrying capacity.
文摘This paper develops a clase of quadrature formula with first derivativesIt is demonstrated that its degree of accuracy is not less than 2k+1 for a set of distinct nodes {x0,x1,...,xn} over interval [a,b],and just only 2k+1 for equally spaced nodes.Far overcoming the shortcoming of involving a great number of manual computations for the integration rules of the Hermitian interpolation formula,some simple formulas for computing automatically βi,γi and E [f] by computer are given,especially for equally spaced nodes.
基金This paper was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities[Grant number:JBK2202018].
文摘As a crucial environmental reform system to realize“carbon peaking”and“carbon neutrality”,the pilot policy of low-carbon cities(LCCs)puts pressure and challenges on high-carbon emitting enterprises(HCEEs)while providing opportunities for these firms to take the path of independent transformation.Employing the data of Chinese listed enterprises from 2006 to 2016 and adopting a difference-in-differences(DID)model,we evaluated the impact of LCC construction on the upgrading of HCEEs and its mechanisms.The results indicate that LCC construction enhances the upgrading of HCEEs in the pilot cities.The conclusions remain stable after a series of robustness tests.The mechanism analysis reveals that LCC construction triggers the upgrading of HCEEs by promoting resource allocation efficiency,R&D investment,and green technology innovation.The heterogeneity results indicate that this positive effect is more pronounced for HCEEs in regions with more stringent environmental law enforcement.This study also observes that the upgrading impact is more promi‐nent for state-owned enterprises,enterprises with higher bargaining power,and enterprises whose managers have a long-term vision.The above results provide directions for upgrading HCEEs and replicable evidence for cities in developing economies to fulfill the win-win target of environmental protection and economic transfor‐mation.
文摘Ageing of population is an advantage of demographic structure in China.Ageing level will cause labor population be fewer and older,the social production and government revenue will decline.At the same time,ageing level will increase more pressure on social pension and medical security.Therefore,ageing ofpopulation has effects on the common resource and public expenditure which may cause financial risks.This paper will determine the relationship between the ageing and financial risk,then give the relevant countermeasures,such as population policy adjustment,diversification of social service system of the old and so on.
基金Supported by Key Project for Social Sciences of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(14SKI02 and 14SKS10)Project of National Social Science Foundation(12BSH071)
文摘China's aging pressure is increasingly serious. The elderly people are difficult to seek medical advice,the elderly dependency ratio is soaring,finance fails to bear such heavy load,and social endowment service pressure is also constantly increasing. Traditional endowment mode is already incapable of satisfying current endowment demands. On the basis of the population aging,this paper came up with the new endowment mode " hospital + nursing home" and analyzed its feasibility. Finally,it reached the conclusion that this endowment mode is helpful for solving problems of endowment and medical care,and alleviating the problem of population aging.
基金This paper was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant number.72173100,71703130,71803159,71903157]The Soft Science Research Program of Sichuan Province[Grant number.2021JDR0133]the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities[Grant number.JBK2103003,JBK1805006].
文摘The depth and breadth of participation in the global value chain(GVC)significantly impacts a country's fine particulate contamination(PM_(2.5))emissions.First,based on the GVC accounting framework,the sources of PM_(2.5) emissions in China between 1990 and 2015 are identified and investigated considering production-side,consumption-side,and export-implied pollution.Then,index decomposition analysis(IDA)of emissions is conducted to further investigate the changes in and causes of air pollution in China.Throughout the analytical process,differences between the PM_(2.5) emissions in two time periods-one of rapid economic growth and another of the“new normal”economy-are compared.The results demonstrate that:China is embedded in high pollution links of GVCs;China transfers pollution to third-parties by importing intermediate products from resource-intensive countries in the global production system;extensive economic growth caused an increase in China's total PM_(2.5) emissions,but cleaner production technology can reduce the emissions intensity.Industrial restructuring under the“new normal”has increased China's short-term PM_(2.5) emissions intensity.These results suggest that China should optimize and upgrade its domestic economic structure and transform its export growth mode to deliver high added value and low pollution.Further,it should prioritize cooperation between the upstream and downstream value chain and accelerate the upgrading of its consumption structure in this new era.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)General Program:"Railway Construction,Production Efficiency and Balanced Industrial Development"(Project Code 71873106)
文摘Based on the China Customs Database and the China Industrial Enterprises Database, this paper estimates the proportions of imports and exports by air of Chinese firms and variables that may influence such proportions. Through OLS regression and seemingly unrelated regression(SUR), this paper analyzes the possible determinants of the share of trade by air. Our findings suggest that the TFP of firms is positively correlated with the share of trade by air. The ratio of value-added in exports is positively correlated with the share of imports by air and negatively correlated with the share of exports by air; the average distance of transport is significantly positively correlated with the share of trade by air in full-sample and grouped regressions. Rising TFP increases the share of imports and exports by air the most for processing trade firms, particularly for firms in the eastern region and foreign-funded firms. An increase in the ratio of value-added in exports increases the share of imports by air the most for general trade firms, and also significantly influences the use of air transport by firms in the eastern region and foreign-funded firms. These conclusions offer valuable policy references for promoting trade in various parts of China and especially the inland regions.
基金Supported by Young Scholar Project of Humanities and Social Science Foundation of Ministry of Education(17YJC820044)Social Science Planning PhD Project of Chongqing(2017BS39)
文摘Agriculture is related to the strategy and security of a country. Every country is very discreet about access of foreign capitals to the agricultural field. Countries along the " Belt and Road" also have imposed restrictions on the access of foreign capitals to the agricultural field.There are restrictions on establishing agriculture-related enterprises,affiliated organizations,and branch offices. Also,there are regulations concerning the scope,proportion,performance requirement,and approval of access of foreign capitals to the agricultural field.
文摘An analysis of the sources of profit growth for China's state-owned industry since 1999 indicates that the key source of profit growth is not the high productivity of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) but rather their monopoly position and pricing power in some basic industries. From an overall social perspective, such high profitability means an inefficient allocation of industrial resources and a potential loss of social welfare. Therefore, further expanding and deepening the reform of SOE property rights, encouraging the development of non-SOEs and boosting the competitiveness of basic industries will significantly improve the resource allocation efficiency of the Chinese industry and enhance overall social welfare.
基金Phased results of fund project： ＂Study on the Ultimate Shareholder＇s Control and Deprivation in Listed Companies from the Perspective of Social Capital,＂ sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 71072072） ＂Study on Ultimate Control Rights of China＇s Listed Companies from the Perspective of Social Capital,＂ sponsored by Graduate Innovation Fund of Capital University of Economics and Business （Grant No.CUEB2010507）.
