At present, there is relatively little research on the synergistic effects of heavy metals in soil, sediment, and bedrock on heavy metal pollution in water bodies. In this paper, heavy metals in soil, sediment, bedroc...At present, there is relatively little research on the synergistic effects of heavy metals in soil, sediment, and bedrock on heavy metal pollution in water bodies. In this paper, heavy metals in soil, sediment, bedrock, and water of a typical karst watershed in southwest China were investigated. The results indicated that the average values of heavy metals in soil and sediment were relatively higher than those in bedrock except for Ni and As. During the research period, As and Cd were the main heavy metal elements polluting the soil and sediment in the study area, while water bodies were mainly polluted by Ni, As, and Cd. The pollution assessment indicated that there were instances of poor or very poor water quality in the study area during the study period;the soil as a whole was slightly polluted by Cd and As;sediment was subject to moderate Cd pollution and mild As pollution. Analysis of geochemical form for heavy metals showed that heavy metals in soil and sediment were mainly in residual form, and the proportions of exchangeable As and Cd were relatively high. Multiple statistical analysis showed that heavy metals in sediment, soil, and bedrock explained 23.8%, 16.8%, and 16.2% of the changes in heavy metals of water, respectively. The research results can provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in water bodies.展开更多
[Objective]The ecological vulnerability and landscape ecological risk of karst mountainous areas have increased as a result of enhanced disturbance of natural resources by human activities.This paper aimed to explore ...[Objective]The ecological vulnerability and landscape ecological risk of karst mountainous areas have increased as a result of enhanced disturbance of natural resources by human activities.This paper aimed to explore the characteristics of ecological risk evolution under different landscape patterns in the region,with a view to providing reference for land classification protection,sustainable use of resources and regional ecological risk optimization in karst mountainous areas.[Method]Taking Huangping County,a typical karst mountainous area,as an example,eight evaluation factors of natural and landscape patterns were selected to construct a landscape ecological risk evaluation model,to quantitatively explore the spatio-temporal evolution of landscape ecological risk and the trend of risk level transfer in the study area from 2010-2018,and to reveal the complex relationship between ecological risk and topography in karst mountainous areas.[Result]①From 2010 to 2018,land use types changed to different degrees,with the most amount of woodland transferred out(1627.37 hm 2)and the most amount of construction land transferred in(1303.93 hm 2);a total of 3552.31 hm 2 of land was transferred,with a change ratio of 2.13%,and there was a significant conversion between construction land,arable land,and woodland.②From 2010 to 2018,the landscape ecological risk in the study area changed significantly,and the landscape ecological risk index decreased from 0.3441 to 0.1733,showing an upward and then downward trend;the landscape ecological risk of the whole region was dominated by low-risk and lower-risk zones,and the ecological risk level generally shifted from a high level to a low level,and the ecological environment was improved.③There was a negative correlation between ecological risk and topographic position,and high-risk zones were mainly distributed among low topographic zones;with the change of time,the advantage of risk level for the selection of topography was gradually weakened,and the influence of anthropogenic factors on the ecological risk of the landscape was becoming more and more prominent.[Conclusion]This paper can provide theoretical basis for land use optimization and ecological protection in karst mountainous areas.展开更多
Soil erosion is a prominent environmental problem in karst regions.Exploring the spatiotemporal variability of soil erosion and the factors that influence soil erosion is of great significance for regional soil erosio...Soil erosion is a prominent environmental problem in karst regions.Exploring the spatiotemporal variability of soil erosion and the factors that influence soil erosion is of great significance for regional soil erosion prevention and control.However,the mechanisms influencing the characteristic features of the karst basins,such as bedrock exposure and lithology,still need to be further explored.This study used GIS technology,the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation model,Getis–Ord Gi*,and partial least squares regression(PLSR)to identify the dominant factors influencing soil erosion and the spatiotemporal variability of soil erosion in 31 sub-basins of the Dabang River Basin(DRB),a typical karst area of Southwest China,from 2010 to 2020.The results indicated that soil erosion in the DRB from 2010 to 2020 was generally decreasing,the mean soil erosion in the DRB in 2010,2015 and 2020 was 18.46,16.51 and 15.29 t ha^(-1)a^(-1),respectively.During the study period,the area of slight erosion increased by 26.39%(706.54 km^(2)),while severe erosion enlarged by 26.36 km^(2).Spatially,the DRB was primarily affected by medium and slight soil erosion.The hot spot areas of soil erosion(key control areas)were mainly concentrated in the central and southern parts of the basin,decreasing each year,and the area of soil erosion hot pots has decreased from 43.22%to 20.60%.PLSR decoupling results show that elevation,bedrock exposure,land use type,interbedded limestone and clastic rock,and vegetation coverage were identified as the key variables affecting soil erosion,explaining 52.8%of soil erosion variability,with a high value of the Variable Importance on Projection(VIP)more than 1.These results can be used as a reference for comprehensive control of soil erosion and water loss in the basin.展开更多
Humin(HM) is the main organic matter component to af fect the migration and transformation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in soil. The study on infl uence of the morphology change of inorganic ions on the a...Humin(HM) is the main organic matter component to af fect the migration and transformation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in soil. The study on infl uence of the morphology change of inorganic ions on the adsorption of PAHs in soil and its organic matter is still rare at microscopic scale. In this paper, yellow soil humin(YS-HM) and lime soil humin(LS-HM) were chosen as samples, then Fe^(3+) and Ca^(2+) were added into samples to facilitate the precipitation by changing the existing conditions of ions, and the mechanism by which inorganic precipitation changed adsorption capacity of karst soil was analyzed from the microscopic scale. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of HM reduced with the inorganic precipitation increasing. The precipitation of Ca^(2+)and Fe^(3+) both reduced the adsorption capacity of YS-HM and LS-HM by 61.71% and 71.83% on average, respectively. The results of scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometry(SEM-EDS) and pore analysis showed that the HM porosity decreased after formation of Ca^(2+) and Fe^(3+) precipitation. According to the value of Freundlich parameter n, it may be because the precipitation or colloid of Ca^(2+) and Fe^(3+) fi lled micropores and covers high-energy adsorption sites of the HM. This research provides theoretical support for studying the PAHs migration and bioavailability of Calcium-rich in karst soil.展开更多
Urban landscape water body is not only an important part of urban landscape construction,but also an important way to maintain landscape diversity and biodiversity,carrying the beautiful yearning of urban residents fo...Urban landscape water body is not only an important part of urban landscape construction,but also an important way to maintain landscape diversity and biodiversity,carrying the beautiful yearning of urban residents for natural life.A good state of urban landscape water body is crucial to the ecological environment of the city.However,due to the poor kinetic energy of urban landscape water body and the influence of various human factors,the quality of urban landscape water body often declines,and urban population is threatened by water security problems.Through the study of several water body ecological remediation technologies,relevant suggestions are put forward,in order to provide a reference for water pollution restoration and treatment in urban human settlement environment.展开更多
In this paper,the authors collected officially published literature on the South China tiger(Panthera tigris amoyensis)in Guizhou from 1900 to 1980,from which we extracted information on its historical distribution an...In this paper,the authors collected officially published literature on the South China tiger(Panthera tigris amoyensis)in Guizhou from 1900 to 1980,from which we extracted information on its historical distribution and population size,and collected data on the tiger skin trade after 1950,the change in subtropical broad-leaved evergreen forest cover,and demographic data in the relevant databases.GIS mapping was used to visualize the distribution range of the South China tiger in Guizhou Province during the period 1900–1980 and to discuss the history of its disappearance in Guizhou and its driving factors.The results show that in 1900,the South China tiger was distributed throughout 82 cities and counties in nine prefectures and municipalities in the province;the number of documented South China tiger distribution sites in 1900–1950 decreased to 48 compared to 1900;the number of counties with South China tigers in 1950–1980 further decreased and became extinct in some areas;and in the 1990s,the South China tiger became extinct in the wild in Guizhou.The main reasons for the extinction of the South China tiger in the wild in Guizhou are:on the one hand,with the socio-economic development of Guizhou Province,the population has increased dramatically,the magnitude of the demand for natural resources has increased,and in order to satisfy this demand,human activities,such as coal mining and clearing of mountains for planting,have been intensified,resulting in the reduction of the coverage rate of the subtropical broad-leaved evergreen forests,which has resulted in the extreme loss of the habitat of the South China tiger;on the other hand,the insufficient protection efforts and protection measures for this species in the country before the 1980s,which were subjected to anthropogenic hunting,were also factors leading to the extinction of this species in the wild in Guizhou Province.As a big cat at the top of the food chain,the distribution of the South China tiger can reflect the history of the natural environment in the region.By analyzing and discussing the distribution history of the South China tiger population in Guizhou Province,the significance of this case is to provide a scientific basis for the future conservation of biodiversity and the development of ecological restoration measures in the karst mountains of southern China.展开更多
Monitoring and evaluating the evolution of rocky desertification timely and studying the characteristics of soil erosion under different rainfall patterns are of great scientific significance for regional soil and wat...Monitoring and evaluating the evolution of rocky desertification timely and studying the characteristics of soil erosion under different rainfall patterns are of great scientific significance for regional soil and water conservation,rocky desertification control and ecological environment construction.Four periods of remote sensing image data from 2005 to 2020 were selected to study the evolution characteristics of rocky desertification and its impact on soil erosion in the controlled boundary area of Shibantang hydrological station of Yeji River Watershed,Guizhou Province,China.According to the 408 erosive rainfall events,the soil erosion under different rainfall patterns in the watershed was analyzed.The results showed that:erosive rainfall events in the study area were mainly pattern A,accounting for 57.4%of the total rainfall events;the second was pattern B,accounting for 28.9%of the total rainfall events;the rainfall pattern of C occurred occasionally.Among them,pattern A was the main rainfall pattern leading to soil and water loss and had the largest contribution rate to soil erosion in the watershed.From 2005 to 2020,the area of rocky desertification showed a decreasing trend,accounting for 72.2%from 87.9%.Spatially,rocky desertification has mainly concentrated in the middle south of the watershed since 2010,while the rocky desertification mainly concentrated in the middle and north before 2010.The effects of different grades of rocky desertification on soil erosion were different,and the soil erosion modulus in areas with the medium,severe and extremely severe rocky desertification was generally small.The soil erosion modulus estimated by the RUSLE(Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation)model was still much higher than that calculated by the data measured by the hydrological monitoring station.Therefore,the application of the RUSLE model in karst area needs to be further modified.These results can provide reference for rocky desertification control,soil erosion control and fragile ecosystem restoration in karst area.展开更多
Mapping abandoned land is very important for accurate agricultural management.However,in karst mountainous areas,continuous high-resolution optical images are difficult to obtain in rainy weather,and the land is fragm...Mapping abandoned land is very important for accurate agricultural management.However,in karst mountainous areas,continuous high-resolution optical images are difficult to obtain in rainy weather,and the land is fragmented,which poses a great challenge for remote sensing monitoring of agriculture activities.In this study,a new method for identifying abandoned land is proposed:firstly,a few Google Earth images are used to transform arable land into accurate vectorized geo-parcels;secondly,a time-series data set was constructed using Sentinel-1A Alpha parameters for 2020 on each farmland geoparcel;thirdly,the semi-variation function(SVF)was used to analyze the spatial-temporal characteristics,then identify abandoned land.The results show:(1)On the basis of accurate spatial information and boundary of farmland land,the SAR time-series dataset reflects the structure and time-series response.abandoned land with an accuracy of 80.25%.The problem of remote sensing monitoring in rainy regions and complex surface areas is well-resolved.(2)The spatial heterogeneity of abandoned land is more obvious than that of cultivated land within geoparcels.The step size for significant changes in the SVF of abandoned land is shorter than that of cultivated land.(3)The SVF time sequence curve presented a strong peak feature when farmland was abandoned.This reveals that the internal spatial structure of abandoned land is more disordered and complex.It showed that time-series variations of spatial structure within cultivated land have broader applications in remote sensing monitoring of agriculture in complex imaging environments.展开更多
DEAR EDITOR,Cave loaches within the family Nemacheilidae are among the most diverse group of cavefish in southwestern China.Although certain species have been included in previous phylogenetic studies,the intergeneric...DEAR EDITOR,Cave loaches within the family Nemacheilidae are among the most diverse group of cavefish in southwestern China.Although certain species have been included in previous phylogenetic studies,the intergeneric and interspecific relationships of Chinese cave loaches in Nemacheilidae remain poorly investigated due to insufficient sampling.In this study,a total of 45 samples from 37 recognized species and two unidentified species of cave loaches were collected,accounting for 87.5%of the eight recognized genera of cave loaches within the family Nemacheilidae in China.The complete mitochondrial genome(mitogenome)and seven nuclear genes were sequenced,and the phylogenetic tree of Chinese cave loaches was reconstructed.Both Bayesian inference and maximum-likelihood analyses resolved the phylogenetic relationships at the generic and species levels,suggesting the effectiveness of this multilocus marker system in determining phylogenetic relationships in Chinese cave loaches.Phylogenetic analysis not only confirmed previous taxonomic hypotheses based on morphological data but also provided new insights into the relationships of many cave loaches at the genus and species levels as well as suggestions for the current taxonomy of cave loaches within the family Nemacheilidae.展开更多
As an important type of world heritage sites,cultural landscape has always been an important research subject.In order to explore the spatial distribution and evolution mode of cultural landscape all over the world,th...As an important type of world heritage sites,cultural landscape has always been an important research subject.In order to explore the spatial distribution and evolution mode of cultural landscape all over the world,the paper systematically elaborated the historical context of cultural landscape.The distribution characteristics were analyzed by statistical methods,and the connotation and evolution law represented by cultural landscape in different regions were expounded.The word frequency of regional heritage criteria was analyzed,and the local characteristics of each case were discussed.The research shows that the spatial distribution of global cultural landscape is unbalanced,mainly concentrated in Europe,and the spatial distribution characteristics are closely related to geographical environment,social history,economic development level and many other factors.In terms of inscribed criteria for world heritage sites,most cultural landscapes are mainly based on cultural criteria,but also involve natural criteria.The recognition and protection of cultural landscapes that simultaneously meet multiple criteria will become the focus in the future.展开更多
Wulingyuan is a world natural heritage property mainly dominated by rare quartz sandstone peak forest landscape at home and abroad and supplemented by karst landscapes,with a large number of geological and historical ...Wulingyuan is a world natural heritage property mainly dominated by rare quartz sandstone peak forest landscape at home and abroad and supplemented by karst landscapes,with a large number of geological and historical sites,biological and ecological landscape and unique cultural landscapes.Preserving the secluded and beautiful scenery environment,biological environment and ecosystem of subtropical zone,Wulingyuan presents a splendid and magnificent landscape,with high aesthetic value,and becomes an important practice base of aesthetic education.The aesthetic education value of Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage Property can be realized by systematically studying and presenting the aesthetic education value of Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage Property,developing a series of aesthetic education courses to lead tourists into the world of Wulingyuan aesthetic education,carrying out a series of popular science activities of“Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage Property Entering Campus”,and incorporating into the aesthetic education curriculum system of schools,etc.This paper analyzes the landscape aesthetic characteristics of Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage Property thoroughly,which indicates the direction for realizing the aesthetic education value of the property,and also provides a reference for realizing the aesthetic education value of similar world natural heritage property.展开更多
A bidirectional labeling method was established to distinguish the proportions of HCO_3^- and CO_2 utilization pathways of microalgae in Lake Hongfeng. The method was based on microalgae cultured in a medium by adding...A bidirectional labeling method was established to distinguish the proportions of HCO_3^- and CO_2 utilization pathways of microalgae in Lake Hongfeng. The method was based on microalgae cultured in a medium by adding equal concentrations of NaH^(13)CO_3 with different δ^(13)C values simultaneously. The inorganic carbon sources were quantified according to the stable carbon isotope composition in the treated microalgae. The effects of extracellular carbonic anhydrase(CAex) on the HCO^-_3 and CO_2 utilization pathways were distinguished using acetazolamide, a potent membrane-impermeable carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. The results show utilization of the added HCO^-_3 was only 8% of the total carbon sources in karst lake. The proportion of the HCO^-_3 utilization pathway was 52% of total inorganic carbon assimilation. Therefore, in the natural water of the karst area, the microalgae used less bicarbonate that preexisted in the aqueous medium than CO_2 derived from the atmosphere. CAex increased the utilization of inorganic carbon from the atmosphere. The microalgae with CAex had greater carbon sequestration capacity in this karst area.展开更多
We describe Odorrana liboensis sp.nov.,a new species from the Maolan National Nature Reserve,Libo County,Guizhou Province,China.Phylogenetic analyses based on DNA sequences of the mitochondrial 12 S rRNA,16 S rRNA,and...We describe Odorrana liboensis sp.nov.,a new species from the Maolan National Nature Reserve,Libo County,Guizhou Province,China.Phylogenetic analyses based on DNA sequences of the mitochondrial 12 S rRNA,16 S rRNA,and ND2 genes supported the new species as an independent lineage,closely related to O.lipuensis.The uncorrected genetic distances between the 12 S rRNA and16 S rRNA in the new species and its closest congener,O.lipuensis,were 6.06%and 5.19%,respectively.The new species is distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following morphological characters:(1)having medium body size,with the snout-vent length(SVL)of adult females approximately 1.2 times as long as males at 56.9±1.0(55.8-58.2 mm,n=9)in females and 48.7±1.2(47.1-49.9 mm,n=5)in males;(2)head length greater than width in males and females;(3)tympanum distinctly visible,greater than one-half the diameter of the eye;(4)eyes big and prominent,width of upper eyelid(UEW)approximately3/4 of eye diameter(ED);(5)dorsolateral folds absent;(6)two metacarpal tubercles;(7)relative finger lengths:Ⅱ<Ⅰ<Ⅳ<Ⅲ;(8)subarticular tubercles on fingers prominent:1,1,2,2;(9)one metatarsal tubercle;(10)tibiotarsal articulation reaching to between the eye and nostril when the leg is stretched forward;(11)toes with entire webbing to disks;(12)subarticular tubercles on toes prominent:1,1,2,3,2;(13)dorsal surfaces of limbs with distinct brownish-black bands;(14)smooth,grass-green dorsum with irregular brown mottling;(15)venter smooth,lacking black spots;and(16)lacking pectoral spinules,lacking vocal sacs,and light white nuptial pad present on finger I in males.The new species is currently only known from the type locality.展开更多
The Paramesotriton caudopunctatus species group is mainly distributed in the karst mountain ecosystems of Guizhou, China. Although some species have been included in previous phylogenetic studies, the evolutionary rel...The Paramesotriton caudopunctatus species group is mainly distributed in the karst mountain ecosystems of Guizhou, China. Although some species have been included in previous phylogenetic studies, the evolutionary relationships and divergence-time of members of this species group as a whole remain unexplored. In this study, we report the sequencing of one protein coding mitochondrial gene fragment(ND2) and one nuclear gene(POMC), and use a combination of phylogenetic analyses and coalescent simulations to explore the cryptic diversity and evolutionary history of the P. caudopunctatus species group. Phylogenetic relationships revealed that the P. caudopunctatus species group is composed of two major groups, i. e., East Clade and Western-South Clade. The divergence-time and ancestral area estimation suggested that the P. caudopunctatus species group likely originated in the Doupeng Mountains in Guizhou, China at 12.34 Ma(95% HPD: 8.30–14.73), and intraspecific divergence began at about 2.17 Ma(95% HPD: 1.39–2.97). This timing coincides with the orogenesis of the Miaoling Mountains during the Late Miocene to early Pleistocene. The delimitation of species in the P. caudopunctatus species group supports the existence of the currently identified species, and consensus was confirmed across methods for the existence of least to two cryptic species within what has been traditionally considered to be P. caudopunctatus species group. This study is of significance for understanding the species formation, dispersal, and diversity of the tailed amphibians in the karst mountains ecosystem of Guizhou and the role of the Miaoling Mountains as a geographical barrier to species dispersal.展开更多
Herein we describe a new species,Leptobrachella yunyangensis sp.nov.,from Yunyang County,Chongqing City,China,based on a combination of molecular and morphological data.Phylogenetic analysis based on the mitochondrial...Herein we describe a new species,Leptobrachella yunyangensis sp.nov.,from Yunyang County,Chongqing City,China,based on a combination of molecular and morphological data.Phylogenetic analysis based on the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene and six nuclear genes indicated that this new species represented an independent evolutionary lineage.The uncorrected genetic distance between the new species and its closest congener species,L.oshanensis,was 5.4 % for 16 S rRNA.The new species can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following characters:(1) moderate body size(SVL28.3-30.6 mm in males);(2) rough dorsal skin,with sparse large granules and tubercles and short longitudinal ridges on the shoulder;(3) distinctly discernible tympanum with a diameter smaller than that of the eye(TMP/EYE ratio:0.51) and a distinct black supra tympanic line present;(4)an internasal distance almost equal to interorbital distance(IND/IOD ratio:1.05);(5) flanks with several dark spots arranged longitudinally in two rows;(6) distinctly visible supra-axilla ry,femoral,pectoral,a nd ventrola teral glands;(7) bicolored iris,with the upper 1/3 of the iris being copper orange and the lower 2/3 a light silvery grey;(8) relative finger lengths of Ⅰ <Ⅱ=Ⅳ <Ⅲ and relative toe lengths of Ⅰ <Ⅱ <Ⅴ <Ⅲ <Ⅳ;(9) absence of webbing and lateral fringes on fingers,and toes with rudimentary webbing and narrow lateral fringes;(10) heels overlapping when the thighs are positioned at right angles to the body;(11) tibiotarsal articulation reaching to the anterior corner of the eye when the leg is stretched forward;(12) ventral surfaces of the throat,chest,and belly greyish white with purple-brown speckling;(13) lacking distinct blackish dorsolateral markings;and(14) transverse dark brown bars on the surfaces of limbs and digits.展开更多
The Paramesotriton Chang, 1935 genus of Asian warty newts is the second most diverse genus in the family Salamandridae, currently containing 14recognized species from northern Vietnam to southwest-central and southern...The Paramesotriton Chang, 1935 genus of Asian warty newts is the second most diverse genus in the family Salamandridae, currently containing 14recognized species from northern Vietnam to southwest-central and southern China. Although species of this genus have been included in previous phylogenetic studies, the origin and interspecific relationships of the genus are still not fully resolved,especially at key nodes in the phylogeny. In this study, we sequenced mitochondrial genomes and 32nuclear genes from 27 samples belonging to 14species to reconstruct the interspecific phylogenetic relationships within Paramesotriton and explore its historical biogeography in southern China. Both Bayesianinferenceandmaximum-likelihood analyses highly supported the monophyly of Paramesotriton and its two recognized species groups(P. caudopunctatus and P. chinensis groups)and further identified five hypothetical phylogenetic cryptic species. Biogeographic analyses indicated that Paramesotriton originated in southwestern China(Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau/South China) during the late Oligocene. The time of origin of Paramesotriton corresponded to the second uplift of the Himalayan/Qinghai-Xizang(Tibetan) Plateau(QTP), rapid lateral extrusion of Indochina, and formation of karst landscapes in southwestern China.Principal component analysis(PCA), independent sample t-tests, and niche differentiation using bioclimatic variables based on locations of occurrence suggested that Paramesotriton habitat conditions in the three current regions(West, South,and East) differ significantly, with different levels of climatic niche differentiation. Species distribution model(SDM) predictions indicated that the most suitable distribution areas for the P. caudopunctatus and P. chinensis species groups are western and southern/eastern areas of southern China. This study increases our knowledge of the taxonomy,biodiversity, origin, and suitable distribution areas of the genus Paramesotriton based on phylogenetic,biogeographic, and species distribution models.展开更多
Collapse is a common geomorphic process in karst areas,especially on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau,which has a tectonic background of integral uplift.The frequent occurrence of collapse processes in karst underground cav...Collapse is a common geomorphic process in karst areas,especially on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau,which has a tectonic background of integral uplift.The frequent occurrence of collapse processes in karst underground caves and canyons indicates that collapses play an important role in the formation of canyons.Through an analysis of the morphology of a semicircular cliff in the Huajiang Grand Canyon and an investigation of sediments at the bottom of the cliff,a large-scale collapse event was found to have occurred.U-series dating of secondary calcium carbonate cement in the collapse breccias indicates that collapse processes occurred approximately 200 ka.According to the geomorphological evolution of the Huajiang Grand Canyon,the following geomorphic evolutionary process is proposed:underground river-cave hall-collapse of a tiankeng-tiankeng degradation-canyon formation.These findings also show that the dating of collapsed breccia cement can be effectively used to determine the development times of karst canyons and the formation ages of tiankengs.展开更多
Guizhou golden monkey(Rhinopithecus brelichi)was a unique,endangered and endemic primate species in Guizhou Province.It was an isolated population caused by habitat loss and fragmentation due to the human disturbance ...Guizhou golden monkey(Rhinopithecus brelichi)was a unique,endangered and endemic primate species in Guizhou Province.It was an isolated population caused by habitat loss and fragmentation due to the human disturbance in the recently 30 years in China,only distributed in Fanjingshan National Natural Reserve,Guizhou Province.To know the background with demonic population structure,we sequenced 867 bp of the mitochondrial DNA D-loop from 312 fresh fecal samples,results showed there 11 haplotypes among these samples,h was 0.517,πwas 0.00413.It indicated that this species had the lowest genetic diversity among four golden monkeys in China and need strengthen the conversation concern for this species immediately.展开更多
Fast and effective remote sensing monitoring is an important means for analyzing the spatio-temporal changes in ecological quality in fragile karst regions.This study focuses on Guanling Autonomous County,a national-l...Fast and effective remote sensing monitoring is an important means for analyzing the spatio-temporal changes in ecological quality in fragile karst regions.This study focuses on Guanling Autonomous County,a national-level demonstration county for comprehensive desertification control.Based on Landsat TM/OLI remote sensing image data from 2005,2010,2015,and 2020,remote sensing ecological indices were used to analyze the spatio-temporal changes in ecological quality in Guanling Autonomous County from 2005 to 2020.The results show that:①the variance contribution rates of the first principal component for the four periods were 66.31%,71.59%,63.18%,and 75.24%,indicating that PC1 integrated most of the characteristics of the four indices,making the RSEI suitable for evaluating ecological quality in karst mountain areas;②the remote sensing ecological index grades have been increasing year by year,with an overall trend of improving ecological quality.The area of higher-grade ecological quality has increased spatially,while fragmented patches have gradually decreased,becoming more concentrated in the low-altitude areas in the northwest and east,and there is a trend of expansion towards higher-altitude areas;③the ecological environment quality in most areas has improved,with the improvement in RSEI spatio-temporal variation becoming more noticeable with increasing slope.Areas of higher-grade quality appeared in 2010,and the range of higher-grade quality expanded with increasing slope.展开更多
In this paper,managed forest(MF)and natural forest(NF)in the Huajiang Demonstration Zone of Guanling,Guizhou were selected as research objects,and cropland(CL)was taken as control.High-throughput sequencing technology...In this paper,managed forest(MF)and natural forest(NF)in the Huajiang Demonstration Zone of Guanling,Guizhou were selected as research objects,and cropland(CL)was taken as control.High-throughput sequencing technology was used to study the characteristics of fungal community composition and species diversity in the surface(0-10 cm)soil of each restoration measure,in order to reveal the dominant soil fungal groups and fungal community composition in karst rocky desertification areas,which was conducive to a more comprehensive understanding of the soil conditions of different vegetation restoration measures.Research has shown that vegetation restoration significantly affected the diversity of soil fungal community,with significant increases in Sob index,Ace index,and Chao index.The vegetation restoration has significantly changed the composition of fungal community.The dominant fungi in the CL topsoil are Sordariomycetes(62.28%),Dothideomycetes(12.34%),and Eurotiomycetes(9.12%);the dominant fungi in the MF soil are Sordariomycetes(45.05%),Dothideomycetes(14.74%),and Mortierellomycetes(10.40%);the dominant fungi in the NF soil are unclassified fungal community(26.38%),Sordariomycetes(19.78%),and Agaricomycetes(13.82%).Vegetation restoration has changed the key fungal groups in the soil.Sordariomycetes,Fusarium,and Setophoma are the key dominant fungal groups in CL soil;Dioszegia is key dominant fungal group in MF soil;c_unclassified_k_Fungi,p_unclassified_k_Fungi,o_unclassified_k_Fungi,f_unclassified_k_Fungi,g_unclassified_k_Fungi,Teichospora,and Diaporthe are key dominant fungal groups in NF soil.展开更多
基金Guizhou Provincial Key Technology R&D Program (2202023QKHZC).
文摘At present, there is relatively little research on the synergistic effects of heavy metals in soil, sediment, and bedrock on heavy metal pollution in water bodies. In this paper, heavy metals in soil, sediment, bedrock, and water of a typical karst watershed in southwest China were investigated. The results indicated that the average values of heavy metals in soil and sediment were relatively higher than those in bedrock except for Ni and As. During the research period, As and Cd were the main heavy metal elements polluting the soil and sediment in the study area, while water bodies were mainly polluted by Ni, As, and Cd. The pollution assessment indicated that there were instances of poor or very poor water quality in the study area during the study period;the soil as a whole was slightly polluted by Cd and As;sediment was subject to moderate Cd pollution and mild As pollution. Analysis of geochemical form for heavy metals showed that heavy metals in soil and sediment were mainly in residual form, and the proportions of exchangeable As and Cd were relatively high. Multiple statistical analysis showed that heavy metals in sediment, soil, and bedrock explained 23.8%, 16.8%, and 16.2% of the changes in heavy metals of water, respectively. The research results can provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in water bodies.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41661088)Project for Guizhou Province"High-level Innovative Talent Training Program‘Hundred’Level Talents"(QKHPTRC[2016]5674)Guizhou Science and Technology Plan Project(QKHZC[2023]GENERAL211).
文摘[Objective]The ecological vulnerability and landscape ecological risk of karst mountainous areas have increased as a result of enhanced disturbance of natural resources by human activities.This paper aimed to explore the characteristics of ecological risk evolution under different landscape patterns in the region,with a view to providing reference for land classification protection,sustainable use of resources and regional ecological risk optimization in karst mountainous areas.[Method]Taking Huangping County,a typical karst mountainous area,as an example,eight evaluation factors of natural and landscape patterns were selected to construct a landscape ecological risk evaluation model,to quantitatively explore the spatio-temporal evolution of landscape ecological risk and the trend of risk level transfer in the study area from 2010-2018,and to reveal the complex relationship between ecological risk and topography in karst mountainous areas.[Result]①From 2010 to 2018,land use types changed to different degrees,with the most amount of woodland transferred out(1627.37 hm 2)and the most amount of construction land transferred in(1303.93 hm 2);a total of 3552.31 hm 2 of land was transferred,with a change ratio of 2.13%,and there was a significant conversion between construction land,arable land,and woodland.②From 2010 to 2018,the landscape ecological risk in the study area changed significantly,and the landscape ecological risk index decreased from 0.3441 to 0.1733,showing an upward and then downward trend;the landscape ecological risk of the whole region was dominated by low-risk and lower-risk zones,and the ecological risk level generally shifted from a high level to a low level,and the ecological environment was improved.③There was a negative correlation between ecological risk and topographic position,and high-risk zones were mainly distributed among low topographic zones;with the change of time,the advantage of risk level for the selection of topography was gradually weakened,and the influence of anthropogenic factors on the ecological risk of the landscape was becoming more and more prominent.[Conclusion]This paper can provide theoretical basis for land use optimization and ecological protection in karst mountainous areas.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32060372,32360421)Guizhou Science and Technology Department(Qian Ke He Ji Chu ZK-[2023]Key 029Qiankehe Zhicheng[2021]Yiban462)。
文摘Soil erosion is a prominent environmental problem in karst regions.Exploring the spatiotemporal variability of soil erosion and the factors that influence soil erosion is of great significance for regional soil erosion prevention and control.However,the mechanisms influencing the characteristic features of the karst basins,such as bedrock exposure and lithology,still need to be further explored.This study used GIS technology,the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation model,Getis–Ord Gi*,and partial least squares regression(PLSR)to identify the dominant factors influencing soil erosion and the spatiotemporal variability of soil erosion in 31 sub-basins of the Dabang River Basin(DRB),a typical karst area of Southwest China,from 2010 to 2020.The results indicated that soil erosion in the DRB from 2010 to 2020 was generally decreasing,the mean soil erosion in the DRB in 2010,2015 and 2020 was 18.46,16.51 and 15.29 t ha^(-1)a^(-1),respectively.During the study period,the area of slight erosion increased by 26.39%(706.54 km^(2)),while severe erosion enlarged by 26.36 km^(2).Spatially,the DRB was primarily affected by medium and slight soil erosion.The hot spot areas of soil erosion(key control areas)were mainly concentrated in the central and southern parts of the basin,decreasing each year,and the area of soil erosion hot pots has decreased from 43.22%to 20.60%.PLSR decoupling results show that elevation,bedrock exposure,land use type,interbedded limestone and clastic rock,and vegetation coverage were identified as the key variables affecting soil erosion,explaining 52.8%of soil erosion variability,with a high value of the Variable Importance on Projection(VIP)more than 1.These results can be used as a reference for comprehensive control of soil erosion and water loss in the basin.
基金The national natural science Foundations of China under Grant (41761091)The first-class discipline group of geography of Guizhou Province under Grant (N0.[2019]125)+3 种基金Youth Science and Technology Talents Growth Fund of Education Department of Guizhou Province,China (No.KY[2022] 001)Scientific Research Funds of Guiyang University,China (No.GYU-KY-[2022])The Joint Foundation of Guizhou Province under Grant (LH [2017]7348)The Doctor Foundation of Guizhou Normal University under Grant (GZNUD [2017]10)。
文摘Humin(HM) is the main organic matter component to af fect the migration and transformation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in soil. The study on infl uence of the morphology change of inorganic ions on the adsorption of PAHs in soil and its organic matter is still rare at microscopic scale. In this paper, yellow soil humin(YS-HM) and lime soil humin(LS-HM) were chosen as samples, then Fe^(3+) and Ca^(2+) were added into samples to facilitate the precipitation by changing the existing conditions of ions, and the mechanism by which inorganic precipitation changed adsorption capacity of karst soil was analyzed from the microscopic scale. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of HM reduced with the inorganic precipitation increasing. The precipitation of Ca^(2+)and Fe^(3+) both reduced the adsorption capacity of YS-HM and LS-HM by 61.71% and 71.83% on average, respectively. The results of scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometry(SEM-EDS) and pore analysis showed that the HM porosity decreased after formation of Ca^(2+) and Fe^(3+) precipitation. According to the value of Freundlich parameter n, it may be because the precipitation or colloid of Ca^(2+) and Fe^(3+) fi lled micropores and covers high-energy adsorption sites of the HM. This research provides theoretical support for studying the PAHs migration and bioavailability of Calcium-rich in karst soil.
文摘Urban landscape water body is not only an important part of urban landscape construction,but also an important way to maintain landscape diversity and biodiversity,carrying the beautiful yearning of urban residents for natural life.A good state of urban landscape water body is crucial to the ecological environment of the city.However,due to the poor kinetic energy of urban landscape water body and the influence of various human factors,the quality of urban landscape water body often declines,and urban population is threatened by water security problems.Through the study of several water body ecological remediation technologies,relevant suggestions are put forward,in order to provide a reference for water pollution restoration and treatment in urban human settlement environment.
文摘In this paper,the authors collected officially published literature on the South China tiger(Panthera tigris amoyensis)in Guizhou from 1900 to 1980,from which we extracted information on its historical distribution and population size,and collected data on the tiger skin trade after 1950,the change in subtropical broad-leaved evergreen forest cover,and demographic data in the relevant databases.GIS mapping was used to visualize the distribution range of the South China tiger in Guizhou Province during the period 1900–1980 and to discuss the history of its disappearance in Guizhou and its driving factors.The results show that in 1900,the South China tiger was distributed throughout 82 cities and counties in nine prefectures and municipalities in the province;the number of documented South China tiger distribution sites in 1900–1950 decreased to 48 compared to 1900;the number of counties with South China tigers in 1950–1980 further decreased and became extinct in some areas;and in the 1990s,the South China tiger became extinct in the wild in Guizhou.The main reasons for the extinction of the South China tiger in the wild in Guizhou are:on the one hand,with the socio-economic development of Guizhou Province,the population has increased dramatically,the magnitude of the demand for natural resources has increased,and in order to satisfy this demand,human activities,such as coal mining and clearing of mountains for planting,have been intensified,resulting in the reduction of the coverage rate of the subtropical broad-leaved evergreen forests,which has resulted in the extreme loss of the habitat of the South China tiger;on the other hand,the insufficient protection efforts and protection measures for this species in the country before the 1980s,which were subjected to anthropogenic hunting,were also factors leading to the extinction of this species in the wild in Guizhou Province.As a big cat at the top of the food chain,the distribution of the South China tiger can reflect the history of the natural environment in the region.By analyzing and discussing the distribution history of the South China tiger population in Guizhou Province,the significance of this case is to provide a scientific basis for the future conservation of biodiversity and the development of ecological restoration measures in the karst mountains of southern China.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NO.32060372,NO.31760243)Guizhou Science and Technology Department(Qiankehe Zhicheng[2021]Yiban462)。
文摘Monitoring and evaluating the evolution of rocky desertification timely and studying the characteristics of soil erosion under different rainfall patterns are of great scientific significance for regional soil and water conservation,rocky desertification control and ecological environment construction.Four periods of remote sensing image data from 2005 to 2020 were selected to study the evolution characteristics of rocky desertification and its impact on soil erosion in the controlled boundary area of Shibantang hydrological station of Yeji River Watershed,Guizhou Province,China.According to the 408 erosive rainfall events,the soil erosion under different rainfall patterns in the watershed was analyzed.The results showed that:erosive rainfall events in the study area were mainly pattern A,accounting for 57.4%of the total rainfall events;the second was pattern B,accounting for 28.9%of the total rainfall events;the rainfall pattern of C occurred occasionally.Among them,pattern A was the main rainfall pattern leading to soil and water loss and had the largest contribution rate to soil erosion in the watershed.From 2005 to 2020,the area of rocky desertification showed a decreasing trend,accounting for 72.2%from 87.9%.Spatially,rocky desertification has mainly concentrated in the middle south of the watershed since 2010,while the rocky desertification mainly concentrated in the middle and north before 2010.The effects of different grades of rocky desertification on soil erosion were different,and the soil erosion modulus in areas with the medium,severe and extremely severe rocky desertification was generally small.The soil erosion modulus estimated by the RUSLE(Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation)model was still much higher than that calculated by the data measured by the hydrological monitoring station.Therefore,the application of the RUSLE model in karst area needs to be further modified.These results can provide reference for rocky desertification control,soil erosion control and fragile ecosystem restoration in karst area.
基金supported by the Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Foundation(Qiankehe ZK[2022]-302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,(Grant NO.41661088,41631179 and 42071316)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant NO.2017YFB0503600)the Key Laboratory of Natural Resources Monitoring in Tropical and Subtropical Area of South China,Ministry of Natural Resources(No.2022NRM0004)Excellent Youth Project of Hunan Provincial Education Department(22B0725)。
文摘Mapping abandoned land is very important for accurate agricultural management.However,in karst mountainous areas,continuous high-resolution optical images are difficult to obtain in rainy weather,and the land is fragmented,which poses a great challenge for remote sensing monitoring of agriculture activities.In this study,a new method for identifying abandoned land is proposed:firstly,a few Google Earth images are used to transform arable land into accurate vectorized geo-parcels;secondly,a time-series data set was constructed using Sentinel-1A Alpha parameters for 2020 on each farmland geoparcel;thirdly,the semi-variation function(SVF)was used to analyze the spatial-temporal characteristics,then identify abandoned land.The results show:(1)On the basis of accurate spatial information and boundary of farmland land,the SAR time-series dataset reflects the structure and time-series response.abandoned land with an accuracy of 80.25%.The problem of remote sensing monitoring in rainy regions and complex surface areas is well-resolved.(2)The spatial heterogeneity of abandoned land is more obvious than that of cultivated land within geoparcels.The step size for significant changes in the SVF of abandoned land is shorter than that of cultivated land.(3)The SVF time sequence curve presented a strong peak feature when farmland was abandoned.This reveals that the internal spatial structure of abandoned land is more disordered and complex.It showed that time-series variations of spatial structure within cultivated land have broader applications in remote sensing monitoring of agriculture in complex imaging environments.
基金supported by the Guizhou Province Top Discipline Construction Program Project(Qianjiao Keyan Fa(2019)125)Strategic Priority Research Program B of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(XDB31000000)+1 种基金Guizhou Normal University Academic Emerging Talent Fund Project(Qianshi Xin Miao[2021]20)National Animal Collection Resource Center,China。
文摘DEAR EDITOR,Cave loaches within the family Nemacheilidae are among the most diverse group of cavefish in southwestern China.Although certain species have been included in previous phylogenetic studies,the intergeneric and interspecific relationships of Chinese cave loaches in Nemacheilidae remain poorly investigated due to insufficient sampling.In this study,a total of 45 samples from 37 recognized species and two unidentified species of cave loaches were collected,accounting for 87.5%of the eight recognized genera of cave loaches within the family Nemacheilidae in China.The complete mitochondrial genome(mitogenome)and seven nuclear genes were sequenced,and the phylogenetic tree of Chinese cave loaches was reconstructed.Both Bayesian inference and maximum-likelihood analyses resolved the phylogenetic relationships at the generic and species levels,suggesting the effectiveness of this multilocus marker system in determining phylogenetic relationships in Chinese cave loaches.Phylogenetic analysis not only confirmed previous taxonomic hypotheses based on morphological data but also provided new insights into the relationships of many cave loaches at the genus and species levels as well as suggestions for the current taxonomy of cave loaches within the family Nemacheilidae.
基金Sponsored by China Overseas Expertise Introduction Program for Discipline Innovation(D17016)Programme of State of Conservation of Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage Site(2022)。
文摘As an important type of world heritage sites,cultural landscape has always been an important research subject.In order to explore the spatial distribution and evolution mode of cultural landscape all over the world,the paper systematically elaborated the historical context of cultural landscape.The distribution characteristics were analyzed by statistical methods,and the connotation and evolution law represented by cultural landscape in different regions were expounded.The word frequency of regional heritage criteria was analyzed,and the local characteristics of each case were discussed.The research shows that the spatial distribution of global cultural landscape is unbalanced,mainly concentrated in Europe,and the spatial distribution characteristics are closely related to geographical environment,social history,economic development level and many other factors.In terms of inscribed criteria for world heritage sites,most cultural landscapes are mainly based on cultural criteria,but also involve natural criteria.The recognition and protection of cultural landscapes that simultaneously meet multiple criteria will become the focus in the future.
文摘Wulingyuan is a world natural heritage property mainly dominated by rare quartz sandstone peak forest landscape at home and abroad and supplemented by karst landscapes,with a large number of geological and historical sites,biological and ecological landscape and unique cultural landscapes.Preserving the secluded and beautiful scenery environment,biological environment and ecosystem of subtropical zone,Wulingyuan presents a splendid and magnificent landscape,with high aesthetic value,and becomes an important practice base of aesthetic education.The aesthetic education value of Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage Property can be realized by systematically studying and presenting the aesthetic education value of Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage Property,developing a series of aesthetic education courses to lead tourists into the world of Wulingyuan aesthetic education,carrying out a series of popular science activities of“Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage Property Entering Campus”,and incorporating into the aesthetic education curriculum system of schools,etc.This paper analyzes the landscape aesthetic characteristics of Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage Property thoroughly,which indicates the direction for realizing the aesthetic education value of the property,and also provides a reference for realizing the aesthetic education value of similar world natural heritage property.
基金supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (U1612441)Foundation of Guizhou Province ([2014] 2131)Doctor Foundation of Guizhou Normal University (0514014)
文摘A bidirectional labeling method was established to distinguish the proportions of HCO_3^- and CO_2 utilization pathways of microalgae in Lake Hongfeng. The method was based on microalgae cultured in a medium by adding equal concentrations of NaH^(13)CO_3 with different δ^(13)C values simultaneously. The inorganic carbon sources were quantified according to the stable carbon isotope composition in the treated microalgae. The effects of extracellular carbonic anhydrase(CAex) on the HCO^-_3 and CO_2 utilization pathways were distinguished using acetazolamide, a potent membrane-impermeable carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. The results show utilization of the added HCO^-_3 was only 8% of the total carbon sources in karst lake. The proportion of the HCO^-_3 utilization pathway was 52% of total inorganic carbon assimilation. Therefore, in the natural water of the karst area, the microalgae used less bicarbonate that preexisted in the aqueous medium than CO_2 derived from the atmosphere. CAex increased the utilization of inorganic carbon from the atmosphere. The microalgae with CAex had greater carbon sequestration capacity in this karst area.
基金supported by programs of the Biodiversity Survey and Assessment Project of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment,China(2019HJ2096001006)the Strategic Priority Research Program B of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(No.XDB31000000)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC 31460091)the National Animal Collection Resource Center,China(No.2005DKA21402)the Application of Amphibian Natural Antioxidant Peptides as Cosmetic Raw Material Antioxidants(No.QKZYD[2020]4002)。
文摘We describe Odorrana liboensis sp.nov.,a new species from the Maolan National Nature Reserve,Libo County,Guizhou Province,China.Phylogenetic analyses based on DNA sequences of the mitochondrial 12 S rRNA,16 S rRNA,and ND2 genes supported the new species as an independent lineage,closely related to O.lipuensis.The uncorrected genetic distances between the 12 S rRNA and16 S rRNA in the new species and its closest congener,O.lipuensis,were 6.06%and 5.19%,respectively.The new species is distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following morphological characters:(1)having medium body size,with the snout-vent length(SVL)of adult females approximately 1.2 times as long as males at 56.9±1.0(55.8-58.2 mm,n=9)in females and 48.7±1.2(47.1-49.9 mm,n=5)in males;(2)head length greater than width in males and females;(3)tympanum distinctly visible,greater than one-half the diameter of the eye;(4)eyes big and prominent,width of upper eyelid(UEW)approximately3/4 of eye diameter(ED);(5)dorsolateral folds absent;(6)two metacarpal tubercles;(7)relative finger lengths:Ⅱ<Ⅰ<Ⅳ<Ⅲ;(8)subarticular tubercles on fingers prominent:1,1,2,2;(9)one metatarsal tubercle;(10)tibiotarsal articulation reaching to between the eye and nostril when the leg is stretched forward;(11)toes with entire webbing to disks;(12)subarticular tubercles on toes prominent:1,1,2,3,2;(13)dorsal surfaces of limbs with distinct brownish-black bands;(14)smooth,grass-green dorsum with irregular brown mottling;(15)venter smooth,lacking black spots;and(16)lacking pectoral spinules,lacking vocal sacs,and light white nuptial pad present on finger I in males.The new species is currently only known from the type locality.
基金supported by the programs of the Strategic Priority Research Program B of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) (No. XDB31000000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31460091)+2 种基金the Na tional Animal Collection Resource Center, China (Grant No. 2005DKA21402)the Application of Amphibian Natural Antioxidant Peptides as Cosmetic Raw Material Antioxidants (QKZYD [2020]4002)the National Top Discipline Construction Project of Guizhou Province,Geography in Guizhou Normal University (No. 85 2017 Qianjiao Keyan Fa)。
文摘The Paramesotriton caudopunctatus species group is mainly distributed in the karst mountain ecosystems of Guizhou, China. Although some species have been included in previous phylogenetic studies, the evolutionary relationships and divergence-time of members of this species group as a whole remain unexplored. In this study, we report the sequencing of one protein coding mitochondrial gene fragment(ND2) and one nuclear gene(POMC), and use a combination of phylogenetic analyses and coalescent simulations to explore the cryptic diversity and evolutionary history of the P. caudopunctatus species group. Phylogenetic relationships revealed that the P. caudopunctatus species group is composed of two major groups, i. e., East Clade and Western-South Clade. The divergence-time and ancestral area estimation suggested that the P. caudopunctatus species group likely originated in the Doupeng Mountains in Guizhou, China at 12.34 Ma(95% HPD: 8.30–14.73), and intraspecific divergence began at about 2.17 Ma(95% HPD: 1.39–2.97). This timing coincides with the orogenesis of the Miaoling Mountains during the Late Miocene to early Pleistocene. The delimitation of species in the P. caudopunctatus species group supports the existence of the currently identified species, and consensus was confirmed across methods for the existence of least to two cryptic species within what has been traditionally considered to be P. caudopunctatus species group. This study is of significance for understanding the species formation, dispersal, and diversity of the tailed amphibians in the karst mountains ecosystem of Guizhou and the role of the Miaoling Mountains as a geographical barrier to species dispersal.
基金supported by the programs of the Guizhou Province World-Class Discipline Construction Program Project (Qianjiao Key an Fa [2019] 125)the Biodiversity Survey and Assessment in Chongqing Counties (2021-090)+2 种基金the Postgraduate Education Innovation Programme of Guizhou Province (Qianjiaohe YJSKYJJ [2021] 091)the Strategic Priority Research Program B of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) (No.XDB31000000)the National Animal Collection Resource Center,China,the Application of Amphibian Natural Antioxidant Peptides as Cosmetic Raw Material Antioxidants (QKZYD [2020]4002)。
文摘Herein we describe a new species,Leptobrachella yunyangensis sp.nov.,from Yunyang County,Chongqing City,China,based on a combination of molecular and morphological data.Phylogenetic analysis based on the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene and six nuclear genes indicated that this new species represented an independent evolutionary lineage.The uncorrected genetic distance between the new species and its closest congener species,L.oshanensis,was 5.4 % for 16 S rRNA.The new species can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following characters:(1) moderate body size(SVL28.3-30.6 mm in males);(2) rough dorsal skin,with sparse large granules and tubercles and short longitudinal ridges on the shoulder;(3) distinctly discernible tympanum with a diameter smaller than that of the eye(TMP/EYE ratio:0.51) and a distinct black supra tympanic line present;(4)an internasal distance almost equal to interorbital distance(IND/IOD ratio:1.05);(5) flanks with several dark spots arranged longitudinally in two rows;(6) distinctly visible supra-axilla ry,femoral,pectoral,a nd ventrola teral glands;(7) bicolored iris,with the upper 1/3 of the iris being copper orange and the lower 2/3 a light silvery grey;(8) relative finger lengths of Ⅰ <Ⅱ=Ⅳ <Ⅲ and relative toe lengths of Ⅰ <Ⅱ <Ⅴ <Ⅲ <Ⅳ;(9) absence of webbing and lateral fringes on fingers,and toes with rudimentary webbing and narrow lateral fringes;(10) heels overlapping when the thighs are positioned at right angles to the body;(11) tibiotarsal articulation reaching to the anterior corner of the eye when the leg is stretched forward;(12) ventral surfaces of the throat,chest,and belly greyish white with purple-brown speckling;(13) lacking distinct blackish dorsolateral markings;and(14) transverse dark brown bars on the surfaces of limbs and digits.
基金supported by the Guizhou Province Top Discipline Construction Program Project (Qianjiao Keyan Fa[2019]125)Postgraduate Education Innovation Programme of Guizhou Province (Qianjiaohe YJSKYJJ (2021) 091)+2 种基金Strategic Priority Research Program B of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)(XDB31000000)National Animal Collection Resource Center,ChinaApplication of Amphibian Natural Antioxidant Peptides as Cosmetic Raw Material Antioxidants (QKZYD [2020]4002)。
文摘The Paramesotriton Chang, 1935 genus of Asian warty newts is the second most diverse genus in the family Salamandridae, currently containing 14recognized species from northern Vietnam to southwest-central and southern China. Although species of this genus have been included in previous phylogenetic studies, the origin and interspecific relationships of the genus are still not fully resolved,especially at key nodes in the phylogeny. In this study, we sequenced mitochondrial genomes and 32nuclear genes from 27 samples belonging to 14species to reconstruct the interspecific phylogenetic relationships within Paramesotriton and explore its historical biogeography in southern China. Both Bayesianinferenceandmaximum-likelihood analyses highly supported the monophyly of Paramesotriton and its two recognized species groups(P. caudopunctatus and P. chinensis groups)and further identified five hypothetical phylogenetic cryptic species. Biogeographic analyses indicated that Paramesotriton originated in southwestern China(Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau/South China) during the late Oligocene. The time of origin of Paramesotriton corresponded to the second uplift of the Himalayan/Qinghai-Xizang(Tibetan) Plateau(QTP), rapid lateral extrusion of Indochina, and formation of karst landscapes in southwestern China.Principal component analysis(PCA), independent sample t-tests, and niche differentiation using bioclimatic variables based on locations of occurrence suggested that Paramesotriton habitat conditions in the three current regions(West, South,and East) differ significantly, with different levels of climatic niche differentiation. Species distribution model(SDM) predictions indicated that the most suitable distribution areas for the P. caudopunctatus and P. chinensis species groups are western and southern/eastern areas of southern China. This study increases our knowledge of the taxonomy,biodiversity, origin, and suitable distribution areas of the genus Paramesotriton based on phylogenetic,biogeographic, and species distribution models.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos:42061001,41501006)The Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province(Grant Nos:Qianke Jichu-ZK[2021]190)Natural science research funding project of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education(Grant No.:Qian Jiao KY[2021]036).
文摘Collapse is a common geomorphic process in karst areas,especially on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau,which has a tectonic background of integral uplift.The frequent occurrence of collapse processes in karst underground caves and canyons indicates that collapses play an important role in the formation of canyons.Through an analysis of the morphology of a semicircular cliff in the Huajiang Grand Canyon and an investigation of sediments at the bottom of the cliff,a large-scale collapse event was found to have occurred.U-series dating of secondary calcium carbonate cement in the collapse breccias indicates that collapse processes occurred approximately 200 ka.According to the geomorphological evolution of the Huajiang Grand Canyon,the following geomorphic evolutionary process is proposed:underground river-cave hall-collapse of a tiankeng-tiankeng degradation-canyon formation.These findings also show that the dating of collapsed breccia cement can be effectively used to determine the development times of karst canyons and the formation ages of tiankengs.
文摘Guizhou golden monkey(Rhinopithecus brelichi)was a unique,endangered and endemic primate species in Guizhou Province.It was an isolated population caused by habitat loss and fragmentation due to the human disturbance in the recently 30 years in China,only distributed in Fanjingshan National Natural Reserve,Guizhou Province.To know the background with demonic population structure,we sequenced 867 bp of the mitochondrial DNA D-loop from 312 fresh fecal samples,results showed there 11 haplotypes among these samples,h was 0.517,πwas 0.00413.It indicated that this species had the lowest genetic diversity among four golden monkeys in China and need strengthen the conversation concern for this species immediately.
基金Supported by Guizhou Provincial Key Technology R&D Program ([2023]General 211)Guizhou Science and Technology Innovation Base Construction Project (Qian Ke He Zhong Yin Di[2023]005).
文摘Fast and effective remote sensing monitoring is an important means for analyzing the spatio-temporal changes in ecological quality in fragile karst regions.This study focuses on Guanling Autonomous County,a national-level demonstration county for comprehensive desertification control.Based on Landsat TM/OLI remote sensing image data from 2005,2010,2015,and 2020,remote sensing ecological indices were used to analyze the spatio-temporal changes in ecological quality in Guanling Autonomous County from 2005 to 2020.The results show that:①the variance contribution rates of the first principal component for the four periods were 66.31%,71.59%,63.18%,and 75.24%,indicating that PC1 integrated most of the characteristics of the four indices,making the RSEI suitable for evaluating ecological quality in karst mountain areas;②the remote sensing ecological index grades have been increasing year by year,with an overall trend of improving ecological quality.The area of higher-grade ecological quality has increased spatially,while fragmented patches have gradually decreased,becoming more concentrated in the low-altitude areas in the northwest and east,and there is a trend of expansion towards higher-altitude areas;③the ecological environment quality in most areas has improved,with the improvement in RSEI spatio-temporal variation becoming more noticeable with increasing slope.Areas of higher-grade quality appeared in 2010,and the range of higher-grade quality expanded with increasing slope.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (42177446,41601584)Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Fund (Qiankehe[2017]1417)Guizhou Normal University (Qianshixinmiao[2022]28).
文摘In this paper,managed forest(MF)and natural forest(NF)in the Huajiang Demonstration Zone of Guanling,Guizhou were selected as research objects,and cropland(CL)was taken as control.High-throughput sequencing technology was used to study the characteristics of fungal community composition and species diversity in the surface(0-10 cm)soil of each restoration measure,in order to reveal the dominant soil fungal groups and fungal community composition in karst rocky desertification areas,which was conducive to a more comprehensive understanding of the soil conditions of different vegetation restoration measures.Research has shown that vegetation restoration significantly affected the diversity of soil fungal community,with significant increases in Sob index,Ace index,and Chao index.The vegetation restoration has significantly changed the composition of fungal community.The dominant fungi in the CL topsoil are Sordariomycetes(62.28%),Dothideomycetes(12.34%),and Eurotiomycetes(9.12%);the dominant fungi in the MF soil are Sordariomycetes(45.05%),Dothideomycetes(14.74%),and Mortierellomycetes(10.40%);the dominant fungi in the NF soil are unclassified fungal community(26.38%),Sordariomycetes(19.78%),and Agaricomycetes(13.82%).Vegetation restoration has changed the key fungal groups in the soil.Sordariomycetes,Fusarium,and Setophoma are the key dominant fungal groups in CL soil;Dioszegia is key dominant fungal group in MF soil;c_unclassified_k_Fungi,p_unclassified_k_Fungi,o_unclassified_k_Fungi,f_unclassified_k_Fungi,g_unclassified_k_Fungi,Teichospora,and Diaporthe are key dominant fungal groups in NF soil.
