Over the past decade, graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4)) has emerged as a universal photocatalyst toward various sustainable carbo-neutral technologies. Despite solar applications discrepancy, g-C_(3)N_(4) is stil...Over the past decade, graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4)) has emerged as a universal photocatalyst toward various sustainable carbo-neutral technologies. Despite solar applications discrepancy, g-C_(3)N_(4) is still confronted with a general fatal issue of insufficient supply of thermodynamically active photocarriers due to its inferior solar harvesting ability and sluggish charge transfer dynamics. Fortunately, this could be significantly alleviated by the “all-in-one” defect engineering strategy, which enables a simultaneous amelioration of both textural uniqueness and intrinsic electronic band structures. To this end, we have summarized an unprecedently comprehensive discussion on defect controls including the vacancy/non-metallic dopant creation with optimized electronic band structure and electronic density, metallic doping with ultraactive coordinated environment(M–N_(x), M–C_(2)N_(2), M–O bonding), functional group grafting with optimized band structure, and promoted crystallinity with extended conjugation π system with weakened interlayered van der Waals interaction. Among them, the defect states induced by various defect types such as N vacancy, P/S/halogen dopants, and cyano group in boosting solar harvesting and accelerating photocarrier transfer have also been emphasized. More importantly, the shallow defect traps identified by femtosecond transient absorption spectra(fs-TAS) have also been highlighted. It is believed that this review would pave the way for future readers with a unique insight into a more precise defective g-C_(3)N_(4) “customization”, motivating more profound thinking and flourishing research outputs on g-C_(3)N_(4)-based photocatalysis.展开更多
The elliptic azimuthal anisotropy coefficient(v_(2))of the identified particles at midrapidity(|η|<0.8)was investigated in p-Pb collisions at√^(s)NN=5.02 TeV using a multi-phase transport model(AMPT).The calculat...The elliptic azimuthal anisotropy coefficient(v_(2))of the identified particles at midrapidity(|η|<0.8)was investigated in p-Pb collisions at√^(s)NN=5.02 TeV using a multi-phase transport model(AMPT).The calculations of differential v_(2)based on the advanced flow extraction method of light flavor hadrons(pions,kaons,protons,andΛ)in small collision systems were extended to a wider transverse momentum(p_(T))range of up to 8 GeV/c for the first time.The string-melting version of the AMPT model provides a good description of the measured p_(T)-differential v_(2)of the mesons but exhibits a slight deviation from the baryon v_(2).In addition,we observed the features of mass ordering at low p_(T)and the approximate number-of-constituentquark(NCQ)scaling at intermediate p_(T).Moreover,we demonstrate that hadronic rescattering does not have a significant impact on v_(2)in p-Pb collisions for different centrality selections,whereas partonic scattering dominates in generating the elliptic anisotropy of the final particles.This study provides further insight into the origin of collective-like behavior in small collision systems and has referential value for future measurements of azimuthal anisotropy.展开更多
Based on the Kirchhoff approximation and the theoretical analysis of the random light fields,the speckle intensity distributions in the extremely deep Fresnel diffraction region are simulated.The fractal property of t...Based on the Kirchhoff approximation and the theoretical analysis of the random light fields,the speckle intensity distributions in the extremely deep Fresnel diffraction region are simulated.The fractal property of the speckles as well as the relation between the speckle intensity distribution and the corresponding random surface is investigated.We design a microscope system to detect experimentally the speckles in the extremely deep Fresnel diffraction region,and the experimental results prove the conclusions drawn from our simulations.展开更多
To study controlled evolution of nonautonomous matter-wave breathers and rogue waves in spinor Bose–Einstein condensates with spatiotemporal modulation,we focus on a system of three coupled Gross–Pitaevskii equation...To study controlled evolution of nonautonomous matter-wave breathers and rogue waves in spinor Bose–Einstein condensates with spatiotemporal modulation,we focus on a system of three coupled Gross–Pitaevskii equations with spacetime-dependent external potentials and temporally modulated gain-loss distributions.With different external potentials and gain-loss distributions,various solutions for controlled nonautonomous matterwave breathers and rogue waves are derived by the Darboux transformation method,such as breathers and rogue waves on arched and constant backgrounds which have the periodic and parabolic trajectories.Effects of the gain-loss distribution and linear potential on the breathers and rogue waves are studied.Nonautonomous two-breathers on the arched and constant backgrounds are also derived.展开更多
The interface between computer science and statistics has developed considerably in recent years,with exponential progress in the fields of data analysis,stochastic modeling,machine learning,econometrics,simulation,al...The interface between computer science and statistics has developed considerably in recent years,with exponential progress in the fields of data analysis,stochastic modeling,machine learning,econometrics,simulation,algorithms,classification,and networks.Innovative discoveries in this field appear every day,opening new scientific horizons for the modern world.This is especially true in the post-2020 period,with the treatment of large volumes of data that feed the daily operations of large corporations,as well as the development of artificial intelligence,including advanced machine learning techniques,particularly“deep learning”.展开更多
The flexible materials exhibit more favorable properties than most rigid substrates in flexibility,weight saving,mechanical reliability,and excellent environmental toughness.Particularly,flexible graphene film with un...The flexible materials exhibit more favorable properties than most rigid substrates in flexibility,weight saving,mechanical reliability,and excellent environmental toughness.Particularly,flexible graphene film with unique mechanical properties was extensively explored in high frequency devices.Herein,we report the characteristics of structure and magnetic properties at high frequency of Co2FeAl thin film with different thicknesses grown on flexible graphene substrate at room temperature.The exciting finding for the columnar structure of Co2FeAl thin film lays the foundation for excellent high frequency property of Co2FeAl/flexible graphene structure.In-plane magnetic anisotropy field varying with increasing thickness of Co2FeAl thin film can be obtained by measurement of ferromagnetic resonance,which can be ascribed to the enhancement of crystallinity and the increase of grain size.Meanwhile,the resonance frequency which can be achieved by the measurement of vector network analyzer with the microstrip method increases with increasing thickness of Co2FeAl thin film.Moreover,in our case with graphene film,the resonance magnetic field is quite stable though folded for twenty cycles,which demonstrates that good flexibility of graphene film and the stability of high frequency magnetic property of Co2FeAl thin film grown on flexible graphene substrate.These results are promising for the design of microwave devices and wireless communication equipment.展开更多
India has the highest burden of both tuberculosis(TB)and multidrug-resistant TB(MDRTB)based on the WHO Global TB Report 2019.Although the available data suggest that the total TB incidence has declined,the absolute nu...India has the highest burden of both tuberculosis(TB)and multidrug-resistant TB(MDRTB)based on the WHO Global TB Report 2019.Although the available data suggest that the total TB incidence has declined,the absolute number of new cases is still increasing.The number of reported TB cases in India in 2018 was 2.2 million,which was 1.5 million in 2009.About 47%increment in TB case notification in India within a decade shows a persistent public health problem.India contributes about 22%of the World's TB burden.Indian National Strategic Plan 2017e2025,sets out the government plans to eliminate TB by 2025.However,the milestone seems unrealistic to achieve the TB eradication goal by 2025.We developed a five-dimensional mathematical model to understand the TB dynamics in India and investigate the possibility of the earliest TB eradication time frame.The model stratifies the entire TB class into three different classes as drug-sensitive(DS),MDR,and isolated classes.The effective reproduction number,equilibrium points,and stability analysis of the model were carried out.This model predicts the total estimated cases of DS-TB and MDR-TB from 2018 to 2035 through numerical simulation and suggests that TB may be eliminated by 2035 in India if the treatment success rate could be achieved to 95%,by contact tracing and isolating at least 50%of MDR-TB.展开更多
In this study, an InGaN lighting-emitting diode(LED) containing GaN/AlGaN/GaN triangular barriers is proposed and investigated numerically. The simulation results of output performance, carrier concentration, and radi...In this study, an InGaN lighting-emitting diode(LED) containing GaN/AlGaN/GaN triangular barriers is proposed and investigated numerically. The simulation results of output performance, carrier concentration, and radiative recombination rate indicate that the proposed LED has a higher output power and an internal quantum efficiency, and a lower efficiency droop than the LED containing conventional GaN or AlGaN barriers. These improvements mainly arise from the modified energy bands, which is evidenced by analyzing the LED energy band diagram and electrostatic field near the active region.The modified energy bands effectively improve carrier injection and confinement, which significantly reduces electron leakage and increases the rate of radiative recombination in the quantum wells.展开更多
In this paper, the reverse order law for the Moore-Penrose inverse of closed linear operators with closed range is investigated by virtue of the Norm-preserving extension of the bounded linear operators. The results g...In this paper, the reverse order law for the Moore-Penrose inverse of closed linear operators with closed range is investigated by virtue of the Norm-preserving extension of the bounded linear operators. The results generalize some results obtained by S Izumino in [12].展开更多
Non-precious metal nitrogen-doped carbonaceous materials have attracted tremendous attention in the field of electrochemical energy storage and conversion.Herein,we report the designed synthesis of a novel series of C...Non-precious metal nitrogen-doped carbonaceous materials have attracted tremendous attention in the field of electrochemical energy storage and conversion.Herein,we report the designed synthesis of a novel series of Co-N-C nanocomposites and their evaluation of electrochemical properties.Novel yolkshell structured Co nanoparticles@polymer materials are fabricated from the facile coating polymer strategy on the surface of ZIF-67.After calcination in nitrogen atmosphere,the Co–N–C nanocomposites in which cobalt metal nanoparticles are embedded in the highly porous and graphitic carbon matrix are successfully achieved.The cobalt nanoparticles containing cobalt metal crystallites with an oxidized shell and/or smaller(or amorphous)cobalt-oxide deposits appear on the surface of graphitic carbons.The prepared Co–N–C nanoparticles showed favorable electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction reactions,which is attributed to its high graphitic degree,large surface area and the large amount existence of Co–N active sites.展开更多
The interaction between optical solitons is of great significance for studying interaction between light and matter and development of all-optical devices, and is conducive to the design of integrated optical path. Op...The interaction between optical solitons is of great significance for studying interaction between light and matter and development of all-optical devices, and is conducive to the design of integrated optical path. Optical soliton interactions for the nonlinear Schr¨odinger equation are investigated to improve the communication quality and system integration. Solutions of the equation are derived and used to analyze the interaction of two solitons.Some suggestions are put forward to weaken their interactions.展开更多
Lithium-rich oxide compounds have been recognized as promising cathode materials for high performance Li-ion batteries,owing to their high specific capacity.However,it remains a great challenge to achieve the fully re...Lithium-rich oxide compounds have been recognized as promising cathode materials for high performance Li-ion batteries,owing to their high specific capacity.However,it remains a great challenge to achieve the fully reversible anionic redox reactions to realize high capacity,high stability,and low voltage hysteresis for lithiumrich cathode materials.Therefore,it is critically important to comprehensively understand and control the anionic redox chemistry of lithium-rich cathode materials,including atomic structure design,and nano-scale materials engineering technologies.Herein,we summarize the recent research progress of lithium-rich cathode materials with a focus on redox chemistry.Particularly,we highlight the oxygen-based redox reactions in lithium-rich metal oxides,with critical views of designing next generation oxygen redox lithium cathode materials.Furthermore,we purposed the most promising strategies for improving the performances of lithium-rich cathode materials with a technology-spectrum from the atomic scale to nano-scale.展开更多
Let A be an unital C*-algebra, a, x and y are elements in A. In this paper, we present a method how to calculate the Moore-Penrose inverse of a- xy*and investigate the expression for some new special cases of(a- xy*).
Sustained clinical improvement is unlikely without appropriate measuring and reporting techniques. Clinical indicators are tools to help assess whether a standard of care is being met. They are used to evaluate the po...Sustained clinical improvement is unlikely without appropriate measuring and reporting techniques. Clinical indicators are tools to help assess whether a standard of care is being met. They are used to evaluate the potential to improve the care provided by healthcare organisations(HCOs). The analysis and reporting of these indicators for the Australian Council on Healthcare Standards have used a methodology which estimates, for each of the 338 clinical indicators, the gains in the system that would result from shifting the mean proportion to the 20 th centile. The results are used to provide a relative measure to help prioritise quality improvement activity within clinical areas, rather than simply focus on "poorer performing" HCOs. The method draws attention to clinical areas exhibiting larger between-HCO variation and affecting larger numbers of patients. HCOs report data in six-month periods, resulting in estimated clinical indicator proportions which may be affected by small samples and sampling variation. Failing to address such issues would result in HCOs exhibiting extremely small and large estimated proportions and inflated estimates of the potential gains in the system. This paper describes the 20 th centile method of calculating potential gains for the healthcare system by using Bayesian hierarchical models and shrinkage estimators to correct for the effects of sampling variation, and provides an example case in Emergency Medicine as well as example expert commentary from colleges based upon the reports. The application of these Bayesian methods enables all collated data to be used, irrespective of an HCO's size, and facilitates more realistic estimates of potential system gains.展开更多
Two Minkowski functionals were tested in the capacity of morphological descriptors to quantitatively compare the arrays of vertically-aligned graphene flakes grown on smooth and nanoporous alumina and silica surfaces....Two Minkowski functionals were tested in the capacity of morphological descriptors to quantitatively compare the arrays of vertically-aligned graphene flakes grown on smooth and nanoporous alumina and silica surfaces. Specifically, the Euler-Poincaré characteristic and fractal dimension graphs were used to characterize the degree of connectivity and order in the systems, i.e. in the graphene flake patterns of petal-like and tree-like morphologies on solid substrates, and meshlike patterns (networks) grown on nanoporous alumina treated in low-temperature inductivelycoupled plasma. It was found that the Minkowski functionals return higher connectivity and fractal dimension numbers for the graphene flakepatterns with more complex morphologies, and indeed can be used as morphological descriptors to differentiate among various configurations of vertically-aligned graphene flakes grown on surfaces.展开更多
We conducted a near-infrared imaging survey of 11 young dwarfs in the Pleiades cluster using the Subaru Telescope and the near-infrared coronagraph imager. We found ten faint point sources,with magnitudes as faint as ...We conducted a near-infrared imaging survey of 11 young dwarfs in the Pleiades cluster using the Subaru Telescope and the near-infrared coronagraph imager. We found ten faint point sources,with magnitudes as faint as 20 mag in the K-band,with around seven dwarfs.Comparison with the Spitzer archive images revealed that a pair of the faint sources around V 1171 Tau is very red in infrared wavelengths,which indicates very low-mass young stellar objects.However,the results of our follow-up proper motion measurements implied that the central star and the faint sources do not share common proper motions,suggesting that they are not physically associated.展开更多
Due to larger atom utilization,unique electronic properties and unsaturated coordination,atomically dispersed non-precious metal catalysts with outstanding performances have received great attention in electrocatalysi...Due to larger atom utilization,unique electronic properties and unsaturated coordination,atomically dispersed non-precious metal catalysts with outstanding performances have received great attention in electrocatalysis.Considering the challenge of serious aggregation,rational synthesis of an atomic catalyst with good dispersion of atoms is paramount to the development of these catalysts.Herein,we report an enhanced confinement strategy to synthesize a catalyst comprised of atomically dispersed Fe supported on porous nitrogen-doped graphitic carbon from the novel and more cross-linkable Melamine-Glyoxal Resin.Densified isolated grid trapping,excessive melamine restricting,and nitrogen anchoring are strongly combined to ensure the final atomic-level dispersion of metal atoms.Experimental studies revealed enhanced kinetics of the obtained catalyst towards oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).This catalytic activity originates from the highly active surface with atomically dispersed iron sites as well as the multi-level three-dimensional structure with fast mass and electron transfer.The enhanced confinement strategy endows the resin-derived atomic catalyst with a great prospect to develop for commercialization in future.展开更多
Free surface elevation time series of breaking water waves were measured in a laboratory flume. This was done in order to analyze changes in wave characteristics as the waves propagated from deep water to the shore. A...Free surface elevation time series of breaking water waves were measured in a laboratory flume. This was done in order to analyze changes in wave characteristics as the waves propagated from deep water to the shore. A pair of parallel- wire capacitive wave gages was used to simultaneously measure free surface elevations at different positions along the flume. One gage was kept fixed near the wave generator to provide a reference while the other was moved in steps of 0.1 m in the vicinity of the break point. Data from these two wave gages measured at the same time constitute station-to-station free surface elevation time series. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) based cross-correlation techniques were employed to determine the time lag between each pair of the time series. The time lag was used to compute the phase shift between the reference wave gage and that at various points along the flume. Phase differences between two points spaced 0.1 m apart were used to calculate local mean wave phase velocity for a point that lies in the middle. Results show that moving from deep water to shallow water, the measured mean phase velocity decreases almost linearly from about 1.75 m/s to about 1.50 m/s at the break point. Just after the break point, wave phase velocity abruptly increases to a maximum value of 1.87 m/s observed at a position 30 cm downstream of the break point. Thereafter, the phase velocity decreases, reaching a minimum of about 1.30 m/s.展开更多
基金the support of the Australia Research Council (ARC) through the Discovery Project (DP230101040)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2022QB139, No. ZR2020KF025)+3 种基金the Starting Research Fund (Grant No. 20210122) from the Ludong Universitythe Natural Science Foundation of China (12274190) from the Ludong Universitythe support of the Shandong Youth Innovation Team Introduction and Education Programthe Special Fund for Taishan Scholars Project (No. tsqn202211186) in Shandong Province。
文摘Over the past decade, graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4)) has emerged as a universal photocatalyst toward various sustainable carbo-neutral technologies. Despite solar applications discrepancy, g-C_(3)N_(4) is still confronted with a general fatal issue of insufficient supply of thermodynamically active photocarriers due to its inferior solar harvesting ability and sluggish charge transfer dynamics. Fortunately, this could be significantly alleviated by the “all-in-one” defect engineering strategy, which enables a simultaneous amelioration of both textural uniqueness and intrinsic electronic band structures. To this end, we have summarized an unprecedently comprehensive discussion on defect controls including the vacancy/non-metallic dopant creation with optimized electronic band structure and electronic density, metallic doping with ultraactive coordinated environment(M–N_(x), M–C_(2)N_(2), M–O bonding), functional group grafting with optimized band structure, and promoted crystallinity with extended conjugation π system with weakened interlayered van der Waals interaction. Among them, the defect states induced by various defect types such as N vacancy, P/S/halogen dopants, and cyano group in boosting solar harvesting and accelerating photocarrier transfer have also been emphasized. More importantly, the shallow defect traps identified by femtosecond transient absorption spectra(fs-TAS) have also been highlighted. It is believed that this review would pave the way for future readers with a unique insight into a more precise defective g-C_(3)N_(4) “customization”, motivating more profound thinking and flourishing research outputs on g-C_(3)N_(4)-based photocatalysis.
基金This work was supported by the Key Laboratory of Quark and Lepton Physics(MOE)in Central China Normal University(Nos.QLPL2022P01,QLPL202106)Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Provincial Education Department(No.Q20131603)+2 种基金National key research,development program of China(No.2018YFE0104700)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12175085)Fundamental research funds for the Central Universities(No.CCNU220N003).
文摘The elliptic azimuthal anisotropy coefficient(v_(2))of the identified particles at midrapidity(|η|<0.8)was investigated in p-Pb collisions at√^(s)NN=5.02 TeV using a multi-phase transport model(AMPT).The calculations of differential v_(2)based on the advanced flow extraction method of light flavor hadrons(pions,kaons,protons,andΛ)in small collision systems were extended to a wider transverse momentum(p_(T))range of up to 8 GeV/c for the first time.The string-melting version of the AMPT model provides a good description of the measured p_(T)-differential v_(2)of the mesons but exhibits a slight deviation from the baryon v_(2).In addition,we observed the features of mass ordering at low p_(T)and the approximate number-of-constituentquark(NCQ)scaling at intermediate p_(T).Moreover,we demonstrate that hadronic rescattering does not have a significant impact on v_(2)in p-Pb collisions for different centrality selections,whereas partonic scattering dominates in generating the elliptic anisotropy of the final particles.This study provides further insight into the origin of collective-like behavior in small collision systems and has referential value for future measurements of azimuthal anisotropy.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 10974122 and 10874105, the Shandong Distinguished Middle-Aged and Young Scientist Encourage and Reward Foundation under Grant No 2007BS04031.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.10974122 and 10874105)the Science and Technology Research Project of Shandong Province of China(Grant No.2009GG10001005)+1 种基金the Shandong Distinguished Middleaged and Young Scientist Encourage and Reward Foundation,China(Grant Nos.2007BS04031 and BS2009SF020)the State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China(Grant No.2006CB806003)
文摘Based on the Kirchhoff approximation and the theoretical analysis of the random light fields,the speckle intensity distributions in the extremely deep Fresnel diffraction region are simulated.The fractal property of the speckles as well as the relation between the speckle intensity distribution and the corresponding random surface is investigated.We design a microscope system to detect experimentally the speckles in the extremely deep Fresnel diffraction region,and the experimental results prove the conclusions drawn from our simulations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.11975172 and 12261131495)。
文摘To study controlled evolution of nonautonomous matter-wave breathers and rogue waves in spinor Bose–Einstein condensates with spatiotemporal modulation,we focus on a system of three coupled Gross–Pitaevskii equations with spacetime-dependent external potentials and temporally modulated gain-loss distributions.With different external potentials and gain-loss distributions,various solutions for controlled nonautonomous matterwave breathers and rogue waves are derived by the Darboux transformation method,such as breathers and rogue waves on arched and constant backgrounds which have the periodic and parabolic trajectories.Effects of the gain-loss distribution and linear potential on the breathers and rogue waves are studied.Nonautonomous two-breathers on the arched and constant backgrounds are also derived.
文摘The interface between computer science and statistics has developed considerably in recent years,with exponential progress in the fields of data analysis,stochastic modeling,machine learning,econometrics,simulation,algorithms,classification,and networks.Innovative discoveries in this field appear every day,opening new scientific horizons for the modern world.This is especially true in the post-2020 period,with the treatment of large volumes of data that feed the daily operations of large corporations,as well as the development of artificial intelligence,including advanced machine learning techniques,particularly“deep learning”.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51901163 and 12104171)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2021XXJS025).
文摘The flexible materials exhibit more favorable properties than most rigid substrates in flexibility,weight saving,mechanical reliability,and excellent environmental toughness.Particularly,flexible graphene film with unique mechanical properties was extensively explored in high frequency devices.Herein,we report the characteristics of structure and magnetic properties at high frequency of Co2FeAl thin film with different thicknesses grown on flexible graphene substrate at room temperature.The exciting finding for the columnar structure of Co2FeAl thin film lays the foundation for excellent high frequency property of Co2FeAl/flexible graphene structure.In-plane magnetic anisotropy field varying with increasing thickness of Co2FeAl thin film can be obtained by measurement of ferromagnetic resonance,which can be ascribed to the enhancement of crystallinity and the increase of grain size.Meanwhile,the resonance frequency which can be achieved by the measurement of vector network analyzer with the microstrip method increases with increasing thickness of Co2FeAl thin film.Moreover,in our case with graphene film,the resonance magnetic field is quite stable though folded for twenty cycles,which demonstrates that good flexibility of graphene film and the stability of high frequency magnetic property of Co2FeAl thin film grown on flexible graphene substrate.These results are promising for the design of microwave devices and wireless communication equipment.
基金financial assistance received from UGC BSR START UP Research grant F.N0.30-466/2019(BSR)The research is also partially supported by Australian Government Research Training Program Scholoarship。
文摘India has the highest burden of both tuberculosis(TB)and multidrug-resistant TB(MDRTB)based on the WHO Global TB Report 2019.Although the available data suggest that the total TB incidence has declined,the absolute number of new cases is still increasing.The number of reported TB cases in India in 2018 was 2.2 million,which was 1.5 million in 2009.About 47%increment in TB case notification in India within a decade shows a persistent public health problem.India contributes about 22%of the World's TB burden.Indian National Strategic Plan 2017e2025,sets out the government plans to eliminate TB by 2025.However,the milestone seems unrealistic to achieve the TB eradication goal by 2025.We developed a five-dimensional mathematical model to understand the TB dynamics in India and investigate the possibility of the earliest TB eradication time frame.The model stratifies the entire TB class into three different classes as drug-sensitive(DS),MDR,and isolated classes.The effective reproduction number,equilibrium points,and stability analysis of the model were carried out.This model predicts the total estimated cases of DS-TB and MDR-TB from 2018 to 2035 through numerical simulation and suggests that TB may be eliminated by 2035 in India if the treatment success rate could be achieved to 95%,by contact tracing and isolating at least 50%of MDR-TB.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2017YFB0403100 and 2017YFB0403101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61404114,61504119,and 11004170)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2017M611923)the Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds,China(Grant No.1701067B)
文摘In this study, an InGaN lighting-emitting diode(LED) containing GaN/AlGaN/GaN triangular barriers is proposed and investigated numerically. The simulation results of output performance, carrier concentration, and radiative recombination rate indicate that the proposed LED has a higher output power and an internal quantum efficiency, and a lower efficiency droop than the LED containing conventional GaN or AlGaN barriers. These improvements mainly arise from the modified energy bands, which is evidenced by analyzing the LED energy band diagram and electrostatic field near the active region.The modified energy bands effectively improve carrier injection and confinement, which significantly reduces electron leakage and increases the rate of radiative recombination in the quantum wells.
文摘In this paper, the reverse order law for the Moore-Penrose inverse of closed linear operators with closed range is investigated by virtue of the Norm-preserving extension of the bounded linear operators. The results generalize some results obtained by S Izumino in [12].
基金the support of Chinese Government 1000 young talent planthe support of Curtin Strategic International Research Scholarship+8 种基金Curtin University Mobility ScholarshipChinese Government Award for Outstanding Self-Financed Students Abroadthe support from ATN Seed fundARC Future Fellowship (FT180100705)Discovery Project (DP180102297)the facilities, scientific and technical assistance of the Curtin University Electron Microscope Laboratories, a facility partially funded by the University, State and Commonwealth GovernmentsThe use of equipment, scientific and technical assistance of the WA X-Ray Surface Analysis Facility, funded by the Australian Research Council LIEF grant LE120100026the facilities, and the scientific and technical assistance of the Australian Microscopy & Microanalysis Research Facility at the Centre for Microscopy, Characterization & Analysis (CMCA), the University of Western Australia (UWA), a facility funded by the University, State and Commonwealth Governmentsthe support from the Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (FT12100178)
文摘Non-precious metal nitrogen-doped carbonaceous materials have attracted tremendous attention in the field of electrochemical energy storage and conversion.Herein,we report the designed synthesis of a novel series of Co-N-C nanocomposites and their evaluation of electrochemical properties.Novel yolkshell structured Co nanoparticles@polymer materials are fabricated from the facile coating polymer strategy on the surface of ZIF-67.After calcination in nitrogen atmosphere,the Co–N–C nanocomposites in which cobalt metal nanoparticles are embedded in the highly porous and graphitic carbon matrix are successfully achieved.The cobalt nanoparticles containing cobalt metal crystallites with an oxidized shell and/or smaller(or amorphous)cobalt-oxide deposits appear on the surface of graphitic carbons.The prepared Co–N–C nanoparticles showed favorable electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction reactions,which is attributed to its high graphitic degree,large surface area and the large amount existence of Co–N active sites.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11975172)。
文摘The interaction between optical solitons is of great significance for studying interaction between light and matter and development of all-optical devices, and is conducive to the design of integrated optical path. Optical soliton interactions for the nonlinear Schr¨odinger equation are investigated to improve the communication quality and system integration. Solutions of the equation are derived and used to analyze the interaction of two solitons.Some suggestions are put forward to weaken their interactions.
基金financial support by the Australian Research Council(ARC)Discovery Project(DP200101249)。
文摘Lithium-rich oxide compounds have been recognized as promising cathode materials for high performance Li-ion batteries,owing to their high specific capacity.However,it remains a great challenge to achieve the fully reversible anionic redox reactions to realize high capacity,high stability,and low voltage hysteresis for lithiumrich cathode materials.Therefore,it is critically important to comprehensively understand and control the anionic redox chemistry of lithium-rich cathode materials,including atomic structure design,and nano-scale materials engineering technologies.Herein,we summarize the recent research progress of lithium-rich cathode materials with a focus on redox chemistry.Particularly,we highlight the oxygen-based redox reactions in lithium-rich metal oxides,with critical views of designing next generation oxygen redox lithium cathode materials.Furthermore,we purposed the most promising strategies for improving the performances of lithium-rich cathode materials with a technology-spectrum from the atomic scale to nano-scale.
文摘Let A be an unital C*-algebra, a, x and y are elements in A. In this paper, we present a method how to calculate the Moore-Penrose inverse of a- xy*and investigate the expression for some new special cases of(a- xy*).
文摘Sustained clinical improvement is unlikely without appropriate measuring and reporting techniques. Clinical indicators are tools to help assess whether a standard of care is being met. They are used to evaluate the potential to improve the care provided by healthcare organisations(HCOs). The analysis and reporting of these indicators for the Australian Council on Healthcare Standards have used a methodology which estimates, for each of the 338 clinical indicators, the gains in the system that would result from shifting the mean proportion to the 20 th centile. The results are used to provide a relative measure to help prioritise quality improvement activity within clinical areas, rather than simply focus on "poorer performing" HCOs. The method draws attention to clinical areas exhibiting larger between-HCO variation and affecting larger numbers of patients. HCOs report data in six-month periods, resulting in estimated clinical indicator proportions which may be affected by small samples and sampling variation. Failing to address such issues would result in HCOs exhibiting extremely small and large estimated proportions and inflated estimates of the potential gains in the system. This paper describes the 20 th centile method of calculating potential gains for the healthcare system by using Bayesian hierarchical models and shrinkage estimators to correct for the effects of sampling variation, and provides an example case in Emergency Medicine as well as example expert commentary from colleges based upon the reports. The application of these Bayesian methods enables all collated data to be used, irrespective of an HCO's size, and facilitates more realistic estimates of potential system gains.
文摘Two Minkowski functionals were tested in the capacity of morphological descriptors to quantitatively compare the arrays of vertically-aligned graphene flakes grown on smooth and nanoporous alumina and silica surfaces. Specifically, the Euler-Poincaré characteristic and fractal dimension graphs were used to characterize the degree of connectivity and order in the systems, i.e. in the graphene flake patterns of petal-like and tree-like morphologies on solid substrates, and meshlike patterns (networks) grown on nanoporous alumina treated in low-temperature inductivelycoupled plasma. It was found that the Minkowski functionals return higher connectivity and fractal dimension numbers for the graphene flakepatterns with more complex morphologies, and indeed can be used as morphological descriptors to differentiate among various configurations of vertically-aligned graphene flakes grown on surfaces.
基金supported by"The 21st Century COE program:The Origin and Evolution of Planetary Systems"of the Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology(MEXT),JapanY.I.is supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research No.16740256
文摘We conducted a near-infrared imaging survey of 11 young dwarfs in the Pleiades cluster using the Subaru Telescope and the near-infrared coronagraph imager. We found ten faint point sources,with magnitudes as faint as 20 mag in the K-band,with around seven dwarfs.Comparison with the Spitzer archive images revealed that a pair of the faint sources around V 1171 Tau is very red in infrared wavelengths,which indicates very low-mass young stellar objects.However,the results of our follow-up proper motion measurements implied that the central star and the faint sources do not share common proper motions,suggesting that they are not physically associated.
基金financially supported by the Hebei Province Natural Science Foundation Innovation Group Project(B2021203016)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51674221 and 51704261)+1 种基金the Provincial Graduate Innovation Assistant Project of Yanshan University(023000309)partially supported by the ARC Future Fellowship(FT180100705)of Australia。
文摘Due to larger atom utilization,unique electronic properties and unsaturated coordination,atomically dispersed non-precious metal catalysts with outstanding performances have received great attention in electrocatalysis.Considering the challenge of serious aggregation,rational synthesis of an atomic catalyst with good dispersion of atoms is paramount to the development of these catalysts.Herein,we report an enhanced confinement strategy to synthesize a catalyst comprised of atomically dispersed Fe supported on porous nitrogen-doped graphitic carbon from the novel and more cross-linkable Melamine-Glyoxal Resin.Densified isolated grid trapping,excessive melamine restricting,and nitrogen anchoring are strongly combined to ensure the final atomic-level dispersion of metal atoms.Experimental studies revealed enhanced kinetics of the obtained catalyst towards oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).This catalytic activity originates from the highly active surface with atomically dispersed iron sites as well as the multi-level three-dimensional structure with fast mass and electron transfer.The enhanced confinement strategy endows the resin-derived atomic catalyst with a great prospect to develop for commercialization in future.
文摘Free surface elevation time series of breaking water waves were measured in a laboratory flume. This was done in order to analyze changes in wave characteristics as the waves propagated from deep water to the shore. A pair of parallel- wire capacitive wave gages was used to simultaneously measure free surface elevations at different positions along the flume. One gage was kept fixed near the wave generator to provide a reference while the other was moved in steps of 0.1 m in the vicinity of the break point. Data from these two wave gages measured at the same time constitute station-to-station free surface elevation time series. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) based cross-correlation techniques were employed to determine the time lag between each pair of the time series. The time lag was used to compute the phase shift between the reference wave gage and that at various points along the flume. Phase differences between two points spaced 0.1 m apart were used to calculate local mean wave phase velocity for a point that lies in the middle. Results show that moving from deep water to shallow water, the measured mean phase velocity decreases almost linearly from about 1.75 m/s to about 1.50 m/s at the break point. Just after the break point, wave phase velocity abruptly increases to a maximum value of 1.87 m/s observed at a position 30 cm downstream of the break point. Thereafter, the phase velocity decreases, reaching a minimum of about 1.30 m/s.
