During the chemotherapy of tumors,the cytotoxic effect of drugs is vital to kill tumor cells,and the delivery of a chemotherapeutic agent is of great importance for optimal therapeutic effects.The high in vivo clearan...During the chemotherapy of tumors,the cytotoxic effect of drugs is vital to kill tumor cells,and the delivery of a chemotherapeutic agent is of great importance for optimal therapeutic effects.The high in vivo clearance rate and low delivery efficiency of conventional chemotherapeutic agents affect the therapeutic effect.In recent years,the responsive drug delivery nanosystem has received increasing concern owing to its excellent biocompatibility,stable delivery performance,and controlled drug release strategies.To lucidly explain the cytocidal and immunotherapeutic effects of such responsive nanosystems in breast cancer,this review discusses the various stimuli and responses of drug-loaded liposomal nanosystems.The light/magnetic response of drug-loaded bionic membranes nanosystems and the heat/magnetic response of drug-loaded iron oxide nanosystems are also elaborated.Their cancer cell-killing efficacy and antitumor immunotherapeutic effects are also scrutinized.展开更多
The process of wound healing is routinely evaluated by histological evaluation in the clinic,which may cause scarring and secondary injury.Reflectance confocal microscopy(RCM)represents a noninvasive,real-time imaging...The process of wound healing is routinely evaluated by histological evaluation in the clinic,which may cause scarring and secondary injury.Reflectance confocal microscopy(RCM)represents a noninvasive,real-time imaging technique that allows in vivo evaluation of the skin.Traditional RCM was wide-probe-based,which limited its application on uneven and covered skin.In this study,we report the development of a portable reflectance confocal microscope(PRCM)in which all components were assembled in a handheld shell.Although the size and weight of the PRCM were reduced based on the use of a microelectromechanical system,the resolution was kept at 0.91μm,and the field of view of the system was 343μm×532μm.When used in vivo,the PRCM was able to visualize cellular and nuclear morphology for both mouse and human skin.PRCM evaluations were then performed on wounds after topically applied mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)or saline treatment.The PRCM allowed visualization of the formation of collagen bundles,re-epithelization from the wound edge to the wound bed,and hair follicle regeneration,which were consistent with histological evaluations.Therefore,we offer new insights into monitoring the effects of topically applied MSCs on the process of wound healing by using PRCM.This study illustrates that the newly developed PRCM represents a promising device for real-time,noninvasive monitoring of the dynamic process of wound healing,which demonstrates its potential to diagnose,monitor,or predict disease in clinical wound therapy.展开更多
Objective: Accurate detection and classification of breast lesions in early stage is crucial to timely formulate effective treatments for patients. We aim to develop a fully automatic system to detect and classify bre...Objective: Accurate detection and classification of breast lesions in early stage is crucial to timely formulate effective treatments for patients. We aim to develop a fully automatic system to detect and classify breast lesions using multiple contrast-enhanced mammography(CEM) images.Methods: In this study, a total of 1,903 females who underwent CEM examination from three hospitals were enrolled as the training set, internal testing set, pooled external testing set and prospective testing set. Here we developed a CEM-based multiprocess detection and classification system(MDCS) to perform the task of detection and classification of breast lesions. In this system, we introduced an innovative auxiliary feature fusion(AFF)algorithm that could intelligently incorporates multiple types of information from CEM images. The average freeresponse receiver operating characteristic score(AFROC-Score) was presented to validate system’s detection performance, and the performance of classification was evaluated by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC). Furthermore, we assessed the diagnostic value of MDCS through visual analysis of disputed cases,comparing its performance and efficiency with that of radiologists and exploring whether it could augment radiologists’ performance.Results: On the pooled external and prospective testing sets, MDCS always maintained a high standalone performance, with AFROC-Scores of 0.953 and 0.963 for detection task, and AUCs for classification were 0.909[95% confidence interval(95% CI): 0.822-0.996] and 0.912(95% CI: 0.840-0.985), respectively. It also achieved higher sensitivity than all senior radiologists and higher specificity than all junior radiologists on pooled external and prospective testing sets. Moreover, MDCS performed superior diagnostic efficiency with an average reading time of 5 seconds, compared to the radiologists’ average reading time of 3.2 min. The average performance of all radiologists was also improved to varying degrees with MDCS assistance.Conclusions: MDCS demonstrated excellent performance in the detection and classification of breast lesions,and greatly enhanced the overall performance of radiologists.展开更多
AIM:To observe the effects of N-acetylserotonin(NAS)administration on retinal ischemia-reperfusion(RIR)injury in rats and explore the underlying mechanisms involving the high mobility group box 1(HMGB1)/receptor for a...AIM:To observe the effects of N-acetylserotonin(NAS)administration on retinal ischemia-reperfusion(RIR)injury in rats and explore the underlying mechanisms involving the high mobility group box 1(HMGB1)/receptor for advanced glycation end-products(RAGE)/nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)signaling pathway.METHODS:A rat model of RIR was developed by increasing the pressure of the anterior chamber of the eye.Eighty male Sprague Dawley were randomly divided into five groups:sham group(n=8),RIR group(n=28),RIR+NAS group(n=28),RIR+FPS-ZM1 group(n=8)and RIR+NAS+FPS-ZM1 group(n=8).The therapeutic effects of NAS were examined by hematoxylin-eosin(H&E)staining,and retinal ganglion cells(RGCs)counting.The expression of interleukin 1 beta(IL-1β),HMGB1,RAGE,and nod-like receptor 3(NLRP3)proteins and the phosphorylation of nuclear factorkappa B(p-NF-κB)were analyzed by immunohistochemistry staining and Western blot analysis.The expression of HMGB1 protein was also detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).RESULTS:H&E staining results showed that NAS significantly reduced retinal edema and increased the number of RGCs in RIR rats.With NAS therapy,the HMGB1 and RAGE expression decreased significantly,and the activation of the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway was antagonized along with the inhibition of p-NF-κB and NLRP3 protein expression.Additionally,NAS exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect by reducing IL-1βexpression.The inhibitory of RAGE binding to HMGB1 by RAGE inhibitor FPS-ZM1 led to a significant decrease of p-NF-κB and NLRP3 expression,so as to the IL-1βexpression and retinal edema,accompanied by an increase of RGCs in RIR rats.CONCLUSION:NAS may exhibit a neuroprotective effect against RIR via the HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB signaling pathway,which may be a useful therapeutic target for retinal disease.展开更多
BACKGROUND While tuberculosis(TB)itself is a common disease,isolated TB of the liver is a rare entity.Tubercular involvement of the liver is more commonly a part of a disseminated disease of the hepatic parenchyma.In ...BACKGROUND While tuberculosis(TB)itself is a common disease,isolated TB of the liver is a rare entity.Tubercular involvement of the liver is more commonly a part of a disseminated disease of the hepatic parenchyma.In contrast,isolated hepatic TB spread through the portal vein from the gastrointestinal tract is seldom encountered in clinical practice,with only a few sporadic cases and short series available in the current literature.Vascular complications,such as portal vein thrombosis(PVT),have rarely been reported previously.CASE SUMMARY A 22-year-old man was hospitalized with complaints of a 3-mo history of fever and weight loss of approximately 10 kg.He had a 10-year hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection in his medical history.Contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CECT)confirmed hepatosplenomegaly,with hypodensity of the right lobe of the liver and 2.1 cm thrombosis of the right branch of the portal vein.A liver biopsy showed epithelioid granulomas with a background of caseating necrosis.ZiehlNelson staining showed acid-fast bacilli within the granulomas.The patient was diagnosed with isolated hepatic TB with PVT.Anti-TB therapy(ATT),including isoniazid,rifapentine,ethambutol,and pyrazinamide,was administered.Along with ATT,the patient was treated with entecavir as an antiviral medication against HBV and dabigatran as an anticoagulant.He remained asymptomatic,and follow-up sonography of the abdomen at 4 mo showed complete resolution of the PVT.CONCLUSION Upon diagnosis of hepatic TB associated with PVT and HBV coinfection,ATT and anticoagulants should be initiated to prevent subsequent portal hypertension.Antiviral therapy against HBV should also be administered to prevent severe hepatic injury.展开更多
Atherosclerosis(AS)is a primary cause of morbidity and mortality all over the world.Molecular imaging techniques can enable early localization and diagnosis of atherosclerosis plaques.Recent newly developed chitooligo...Atherosclerosis(AS)is a primary cause of morbidity and mortality all over the world.Molecular imaging techniques can enable early localization and diagnosis of atherosclerosis plaques.Recent newly developed chitooligosaccharides(CSO)is considered to be capable of target mannose receptors on the surface of macrophages and to inhibit foam cell formation.Here we present a targeting magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)nanoprobe,which was successfully constructed with polyacrylic acid(PAA)modified nanometer iron oxide(Fe_(3)O_(4))as the core,and coating with CSO molecules,possessing the abilities of targeted MRI and specifically inhibition of the formation of foamy macrophages in the atherosclerotic process.The experimental results showed that the distributions of PAA-Fe_(3)O_(4) and CSO-PAA-Fe_(3)O_(4) were uniform and the corresponding sizes were about 5.93 nm and 8.15 nm,respectively.The Fourier transform infrared spectra(FTIR)testified the CSO was coupled with PAA-Fe_(3)O_(4) successfully.After coupled with CSO,the r1 of PAA-Fe_(3)O_(4) was increased from 5.317 mM s-1 to 6.147 mM s-1,indicating their potential as MRI contrast agent.Oil Red O staining and total cholesterols(TC)determination showed that CSO-PAA-Fe_(3)O_(4) could significantly inhibit the foaming process of RAW264.7 cells induced by oxidatively modified low density lipoprotein(ox-LDL).In vitro cellular MRI displayed that,compared with PAA-Fe_(3)O_(4),CSO-PAA-Fe_(3)O_(4) could lower the T1 relaxation time of RAW264.7 cells better.In summary,construction of CSO-PAA-Fe_(3)O_(4) nanoprobe in this study could realize the targeted MRI of macrophages and inhibition of ox-LDL induced macrophage foaming process.This will provide a new avenue in the diagnosis and treatment of AS.展开更多
A novel surface wave plasma(SWP) source excited with cylindrical Teflon waveguide has been developed in our previous work. The plasma characteristics have been simply studied.In this work, our experimental device has ...A novel surface wave plasma(SWP) source excited with cylindrical Teflon waveguide has been developed in our previous work. The plasma characteristics have been simply studied.In this work, our experimental device has been significantly improved by replacing the Teflon waveguide with a quartz rod, and then better microwave coupling and higher gas purity can be obtained during plasma discharge. The plasma spatial distributions, both in radial and axial directions, have been measured and the effect of gas pressure has been investigated. Plasma density profiles indicate that this plasma source can produce uniform plasma in an axial direction at low pressure, which shows its potential in plasma processing on a curved surface such as an inner tube wall. A simplified circular waveguide model has been used to explain the principle of plasma excitation. The distinguishing features and potential application of this kind of plasma source with a hardware improvement have been shown.展开更多
Objective: To compare the effects and safety of conventional transarterial chemoembolization(c TACE) and yttrium-90 transarterial radioembolization [TARE(90 Y)] for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)Methods: Nine high-qual...Objective: To compare the effects and safety of conventional transarterial chemoembolization(c TACE) and yttrium-90 transarterial radioembolization [TARE(90 Y)] for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)Methods: Nine high-quality observational studies, one low bias-risk randomized controlled trial(RCT), and one moderate biasrisk RCT included 1,652 patients [c TACE, 1,124; TARE(90 Y), 528], from whom data were extracted for this systematic review and meta-analysis.Results: The extracted study outcomes included 1-year and 2-year overall survival(OS) rates, objective responses(ORs), and serious adverse events(AEs). 1-year OS rates: OR = 0.939, 95 % CI: 0.705-1.251, P = 0.66. 2-year OS rates: overall pooled OR =0.641, 95% CI: 0.382-1.075, P = 0.092; observational study subgroup OR = 0.575, 95% CI: 0.336-0.984, P = 0.043; RCT subgroup OR* = 0.641, 95% CI: 0.382-1.075, P = 0.346. OR: overall pooled OR = 0.781, 95% CI: 0.454-1.343, P = 0.371; m RECIST subgroup OR = 0.584, 95 % CI: 0.349-0.976, P = 0.040; WHO subgroup OR = 1.065; 95% CI: 0.500-2.268, P = 0.870. Serious AEs: overall pooled RR = 1.477, 95% CI: 0.864-2.526, P = 0.154; RCT subgroup RR = 0.680, 95% CI: 0.325-1.423, P = 0.306; observational study subgroup RR = 1.925; 95 % CI: 0.978-3.788, P = 0.058.Conclusions: TARE(90 Y) increased 2-year OS rates in the observational subgroup and resulted in better OR rates, according to m RECIST criteria, in comparison with c TACE. Furthermore, a lower risk of AEs was observed for TARE(90 Y) than for c TACE.展开更多
Computed tomography(CT) is one of the most commonly used non-invasive clinical imaging modalities to predict, diagnose and treat the disease. Iodinated contrast media(ICM) is a form of intravenous radiocontrast agent ...Computed tomography(CT) is one of the most commonly used non-invasive clinical imaging modalities to predict, diagnose and treat the disease. Iodinated contrast media(ICM) is a form of intravenous radiocontrast agent containing iodine, which enhances the visibility of hollow tissue structures in medical CT imaging. ICM may cause allergic reactions, contrast-induced nephropathy, hyperthyroidism and possibly metformin accumulation. It is significant to find out the risk factors, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of adverse reactions caused by ICM. Revealing the changes of the lipid droplets(LDs)viscosity in pathophysiological processes such as cancer and iodined contrast media induced adverse reaction is not only important for monitoring the occurrence and development of some pathophysiological processes but also vital for the deep insight of the biological effects of LDs in these pathophysiological processes. A lipid droplets targeted fluorescent probe DN-1 was devised to sense cellular viscosity alteration with high selectivity and sensitivity, which was applied to distinguish cancer cells and normal cells and reveal viscosity changes during iodined CT contrast media treatment.展开更多
A systematic characterization of the similarities and differences among different methods for detecting structural brain abnormalities in schizophrenia,such as voxel-based morphometry(VBM),tensor-based morphometry(TBM...A systematic characterization of the similarities and differences among different methods for detecting structural brain abnormalities in schizophrenia,such as voxel-based morphometry(VBM),tensor-based morphometry(TBM),and projection-based thickness(PBT),is important for understanding the brain pathology in schizophrenia and for developing effective biomarkers for a diagnosis of schizophrenia.However,such studies are still lacking.Here,we performed VBM,TBM,and PBT analyses on T1-weighted brain MR images acquired from 116 patients with schizophrenia and 116 healthy controls.We found that,although all methods detected wide-spread structural changes,different methods captured different information-only 10.35%of the grey matter changes in cortex were detected by all three methods,and VBM only detected 11.36%of the white matter changes detected by TBM.Further,pattern classification between patients and controls revealed that combining different measures improved the classification accuracy(81.9%),indicating that fusion of different structural measures serves as a better neuroimaging marker for the objective diagnosis of schizophrenia.展开更多
Quantification of hepatic fat and iron content is important for early detection and monitoring of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) patients. This study evaluated quantification efficiency of hepatic proton dens...Quantification of hepatic fat and iron content is important for early detection and monitoring of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) patients. This study evaluated quantification efficiency of hepatic proton density fat fraction(PDFF) by MRI using NAFLD rabbits. R2* was also measured to investigate whether it correlates with fat levels in NAFLD. NAFLD rabbit model was successfully established by high fat and cholesterol diet. Rabbits underwent MRI examination for fat and iron analyses,compared with liver histological findings. MR examinations were performed on a 3.0 T MR system using multi-echo 3 D gradient recalled echo(GRE) sequence. MRI-PDFF showed significant differences between different steatosis grades with medians of3.72%(normal), 5.43%(mild), 9.11%(moderate) and 11.17%(severe), whereas this was not observed in R2*. Close correlation between MRI-PDFF and histological steatosis was observed(r=0.78, P=0.000). Hepatic iron deposit was not found in any rabbits. There was no correlation between R2* and either liver MRI-PDFF or histological steatosis. MR measuring MRI-PDFF and R2* simultaneously provides promising quantification of steatosis and iron. Rabbit NAFLD model confirmed accuracy of MRI-PDFF for liver fat quantification. R2* measurement and relationship between fat and iron of NAFLD liver need further experimental investigation.展开更多
Superparamagnetic iron oxide(SPIO)nanoparticles are excellent magnetic resonance contrast agents and surface engineering can expand their applications.When covered with amphiphilic alkyl-polyethyleneimine(PEI),the mod...Superparamagnetic iron oxide(SPIO)nanoparticles are excellent magnetic resonance contrast agents and surface engineering can expand their applications.When covered with amphiphilic alkyl-polyethyleneimine(PEI),the modified SPIO nanoparticles can be used as MRI visible gene/drug delivery carriers and cell tracking probes.However,the positively charged amines of PEI can also cause cytotoxicity and restricts their further applications.In this study,we used lactose to modify amphiphilic low molecular weight polyethylenimine(C_(12-)PEI_(2K))at different lactosylation degree.It was found that the N-alkyl-PEI-lactobionic acid wrapped SPIO nanocomposites show better cell viability without compromising their labelling efficacy as well as MR imaging capability in RAW 264.7 cells,comparing to the unsubstituted ones.Besides,we found the PEI induced cell autophagy can be reduced via lactose modification,indicating the increased cell viability might rely on down-regulating autophagy.Thus,our findings provide a new approach to overcome the toxicity of PEI wrapped SPIO nanocomposites by lactose modification.展开更多
TiO_2 nanorod arrays(NRAs) were prepared on fluorine doped tin oxide(FTO) substrates by a facile two-step hydrothermal method. The nanorods were selectively grown on the FTO regions which were covered with TiO_2 seedi...TiO_2 nanorod arrays(NRAs) were prepared on fluorine doped tin oxide(FTO) substrates by a facile two-step hydrothermal method. The nanorods were selectively grown on the FTO regions which were covered with TiO_2 seeding layer. It took 5 h to obtain the compact arrays with the nanorod length of ~2 μm and diameter of ~50 nm. The photoelectrochemical(PEC) properties of TiO_2 NRAs are also investigated. It is demonstrated that the TiO_2 NRAs indicate the good photoelectric conversion ability with an efficiency of 0.22% at a full-wavelength irradiation. A photocurrent density of 0.21 mA /cm^2 is observed at 0.7 V versus the saturated calomel electrode(SCE). More evidences suggest that the charge transferring resistance is lowered at an irradiation, while the flat-band potential(V_(fb)) is shifted towards the positive side.展开更多
In this work, the perovskite solar cells(PSCs) were fabricated with the bandgap-tunable(FA)_x(MA)_(1-x)PbI_3 absorber layers through a facile two-stage deposition route.The doping was realized by adding the formamidin...In this work, the perovskite solar cells(PSCs) were fabricated with the bandgap-tunable(FA)_x(MA)_(1-x)PbI_3 absorber layers through a facile two-stage deposition route.The doping was realized by adding the formamidinium iodide(FAI) into a precursor MAI solution.Both the surface morphology and electrochemical impedance spectra(EIS) were conducted to evaluate the absorber layers or solar cells.After the optimization, the best PSC performance of 14.73% was achieved at a nominal FAI content of 12.5 at.%.The performance enhancement was attributed to both the enhancement of visible light harvesting and carrier transport capability.Besides, the stability of a PSC device based on the single MAPbI_3 absorber layer was also investigated, and a power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 11.27 % remained even after laying in vacuum for 10 days.展开更多
TiO_2 nanorod arrays(NRAs) were synthesized directly on the fluorine tin oxide(FTO) coated glass substrates by a facile hydrothermal route.The effects of growth time on the photoelectrochemical(PEC) properties of TiO_...TiO_2 nanorod arrays(NRAs) were synthesized directly on the fluorine tin oxide(FTO) coated glass substrates by a facile hydrothermal route.The effects of growth time on the photoelectrochemical(PEC) properties of TiO_2 NRAs are investigated.The samples synthesized for 4 h exhibit a photocurrent intensity of 0.37 mA/cm^2 at the irradiation of Xe lamp and a bias of 0 V.As the growth time increases,the thickness and order degree of the NRAs are enhanced,but the photocurrent is reduced a lot.It might be associated with the hindering of a high background electron density in NRs due to the long-time hydrothermal reaction in acid environment.Moreover,the decline behavior is observed,which is attributed to the poor charge separation capacity of TiO_2 array electrodes and could be suppressed efficiently by applying a suitable positive bias.展开更多
Ag_3PO_4 microparticles(MPs) were prepared through a facile chemical precipitation route and using silver acetate(AgAc) as metal salt. The effect of annealing temperature(T_a) and time(τ_a) on the actual photocatalyt...Ag_3PO_4 microparticles(MPs) were prepared through a facile chemical precipitation route and using silver acetate(AgAc) as metal salt. The effect of annealing temperature(T_a) and time(τ_a) on the actual photocatalytic(PC) activity of Ag_3PO_4 MPs is investigated. The optimal annealing parameters are T_a of 400 ℃ and τ_a of 90 min. The enhanced PC activity by annealing at 400 ℃ is ascribed to the increase of electron mobility. Besides, an Ag_3PO_4 photoelectrode was fabricated through a drop-coating deposition route, which demonstrates a photocurrent density of 80 μA/cm^2 and acceptable stability. The n-type conduction behavior of Ag_3PO_4 is verified by a Mott-Schottky(M-S) plot.展开更多
Catalytic enantioselective direct C–H bond functionalization of electron-deficient N-containing heteroarenes represents one of the most straightforward and powerful protocols to construct diverse enantioenriched high...Catalytic enantioselective direct C–H bond functionalization of electron-deficient N-containing heteroarenes represents one of the most straightforward and powerful protocols to construct diverse enantioenriched highly functionalized N-heteroarene products.Efficient catalytic systems and a variety of strategies for highly chemo-and stereoselective C–H functionalization of electron-deficient N-containing heteroarenes have been developed over the past few decades.This review summarized the rapid progress in the catalytic asymmetric C–H functionalization of N-containing heteroarenes and discussed the challenges and potential of the field in the current stage.展开更多
Schizophrenia(SZ)is a chronic,serious,and recurrent mental illness,characterized by cognitive impairment as the core symptom,which can be an important sign before the onset of psychosis[1].Furthermore,persistent cogni...Schizophrenia(SZ)is a chronic,serious,and recurrent mental illness,characterized by cognitive impairment as the core symptom,which can be an important sign before the onset of psychosis[1].Furthermore,persistent cognitive impairment is specific to the disease and disrupts the cognitive trajectory of patients with SZ[2].展开更多
基金funded by the Basic Scientific Research Funds of Department of Education of Zhejiang Province(KYQN202103 and KYZD202103)A Project Supported by Scientific Research Fund of Zhejiang Provincial Education Department(Y202249203)+4 种基金General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61976075 to XX)the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(2019C03002 to XX)National Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students(202213023011)Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students of Zhejiang Province(S202213023052)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.LTGY23H180019.
文摘During the chemotherapy of tumors,the cytotoxic effect of drugs is vital to kill tumor cells,and the delivery of a chemotherapeutic agent is of great importance for optimal therapeutic effects.The high in vivo clearance rate and low delivery efficiency of conventional chemotherapeutic agents affect the therapeutic effect.In recent years,the responsive drug delivery nanosystem has received increasing concern owing to its excellent biocompatibility,stable delivery performance,and controlled drug release strategies.To lucidly explain the cytocidal and immunotherapeutic effects of such responsive nanosystems in breast cancer,this review discusses the various stimuli and responses of drug-loaded liposomal nanosystems.The light/magnetic response of drug-loaded bionic membranes nanosystems and the heat/magnetic response of drug-loaded iron oxide nanosystems are also elaborated.Their cancer cell-killing efficacy and antitumor immunotherapeutic effects are also scrutinized.
基金the National Key Research andDevelopment Program of China(No.2021YFA1101100)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA16020807)+3 种基金the Major Innovative Research Team of Suzhou,China(No.ZXT2019007)Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology(SIBET)Jilin City Science and Technology Cooperation Project(No.E0550104)Science and Technology Innovation Talents in Universities of Henan Province and Doctor of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province in the year of 2020.
文摘The process of wound healing is routinely evaluated by histological evaluation in the clinic,which may cause scarring and secondary injury.Reflectance confocal microscopy(RCM)represents a noninvasive,real-time imaging technique that allows in vivo evaluation of the skin.Traditional RCM was wide-probe-based,which limited its application on uneven and covered skin.In this study,we report the development of a portable reflectance confocal microscope(PRCM)in which all components were assembled in a handheld shell.Although the size and weight of the PRCM were reduced based on the use of a microelectromechanical system,the resolution was kept at 0.91μm,and the field of view of the system was 343μm×532μm.When used in vivo,the PRCM was able to visualize cellular and nuclear morphology for both mouse and human skin.PRCM evaluations were then performed on wounds after topically applied mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)or saline treatment.The PRCM allowed visualization of the formation of collagen bundles,re-epithelization from the wound edge to the wound bed,and hair follicle regeneration,which were consistent with histological evaluations.Therefore,we offer new insights into monitoring the effects of topically applied MSCs on the process of wound healing by using PRCM.This study illustrates that the newly developed PRCM represents a promising device for real-time,noninvasive monitoring of the dynamic process of wound healing,which demonstrates its potential to diagnose,monitor,or predict disease in clinical wound therapy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.82001775, 82371933)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China (No.ZR2021MH120)+1 种基金the Special Fund for Breast Disease Research of Shandong Medical Association (No.YXH2021ZX055)the Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province of China (No.tsgn202211378)。
文摘Objective: Accurate detection and classification of breast lesions in early stage is crucial to timely formulate effective treatments for patients. We aim to develop a fully automatic system to detect and classify breast lesions using multiple contrast-enhanced mammography(CEM) images.Methods: In this study, a total of 1,903 females who underwent CEM examination from three hospitals were enrolled as the training set, internal testing set, pooled external testing set and prospective testing set. Here we developed a CEM-based multiprocess detection and classification system(MDCS) to perform the task of detection and classification of breast lesions. In this system, we introduced an innovative auxiliary feature fusion(AFF)algorithm that could intelligently incorporates multiple types of information from CEM images. The average freeresponse receiver operating characteristic score(AFROC-Score) was presented to validate system’s detection performance, and the performance of classification was evaluated by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC). Furthermore, we assessed the diagnostic value of MDCS through visual analysis of disputed cases,comparing its performance and efficiency with that of radiologists and exploring whether it could augment radiologists’ performance.Results: On the pooled external and prospective testing sets, MDCS always maintained a high standalone performance, with AFROC-Scores of 0.953 and 0.963 for detection task, and AUCs for classification were 0.909[95% confidence interval(95% CI): 0.822-0.996] and 0.912(95% CI: 0.840-0.985), respectively. It also achieved higher sensitivity than all senior radiologists and higher specificity than all junior radiologists on pooled external and prospective testing sets. Moreover, MDCS performed superior diagnostic efficiency with an average reading time of 5 seconds, compared to the radiologists’ average reading time of 3.2 min. The average performance of all radiologists was also improved to varying degrees with MDCS assistance.Conclusions: MDCS demonstrated excellent performance in the detection and classification of breast lesions,and greatly enhanced the overall performance of radiologists.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82071888)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2021MH351,No.ZR2020MH074)+1 种基金the Introduction and Cultivation Project for Young Innovative Talents in Shandong ProvinceWeifang Science and Technology Development Plan(No.2021GX057).
文摘AIM:To observe the effects of N-acetylserotonin(NAS)administration on retinal ischemia-reperfusion(RIR)injury in rats and explore the underlying mechanisms involving the high mobility group box 1(HMGB1)/receptor for advanced glycation end-products(RAGE)/nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)signaling pathway.METHODS:A rat model of RIR was developed by increasing the pressure of the anterior chamber of the eye.Eighty male Sprague Dawley were randomly divided into five groups:sham group(n=8),RIR group(n=28),RIR+NAS group(n=28),RIR+FPS-ZM1 group(n=8)and RIR+NAS+FPS-ZM1 group(n=8).The therapeutic effects of NAS were examined by hematoxylin-eosin(H&E)staining,and retinal ganglion cells(RGCs)counting.The expression of interleukin 1 beta(IL-1β),HMGB1,RAGE,and nod-like receptor 3(NLRP3)proteins and the phosphorylation of nuclear factorkappa B(p-NF-κB)were analyzed by immunohistochemistry staining and Western blot analysis.The expression of HMGB1 protein was also detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).RESULTS:H&E staining results showed that NAS significantly reduced retinal edema and increased the number of RGCs in RIR rats.With NAS therapy,the HMGB1 and RAGE expression decreased significantly,and the activation of the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway was antagonized along with the inhibition of p-NF-κB and NLRP3 protein expression.Additionally,NAS exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect by reducing IL-1βexpression.The inhibitory of RAGE binding to HMGB1 by RAGE inhibitor FPS-ZM1 led to a significant decrease of p-NF-κB and NLRP3 expression,so as to the IL-1βexpression and retinal edema,accompanied by an increase of RGCs in RIR rats.CONCLUSION:NAS may exhibit a neuroprotective effect against RIR via the HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB signaling pathway,which may be a useful therapeutic target for retinal disease.
文摘BACKGROUND While tuberculosis(TB)itself is a common disease,isolated TB of the liver is a rare entity.Tubercular involvement of the liver is more commonly a part of a disseminated disease of the hepatic parenchyma.In contrast,isolated hepatic TB spread through the portal vein from the gastrointestinal tract is seldom encountered in clinical practice,with only a few sporadic cases and short series available in the current literature.Vascular complications,such as portal vein thrombosis(PVT),have rarely been reported previously.CASE SUMMARY A 22-year-old man was hospitalized with complaints of a 3-mo history of fever and weight loss of approximately 10 kg.He had a 10-year hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection in his medical history.Contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CECT)confirmed hepatosplenomegaly,with hypodensity of the right lobe of the liver and 2.1 cm thrombosis of the right branch of the portal vein.A liver biopsy showed epithelioid granulomas with a background of caseating necrosis.ZiehlNelson staining showed acid-fast bacilli within the granulomas.The patient was diagnosed with isolated hepatic TB with PVT.Anti-TB therapy(ATT),including isoniazid,rifapentine,ethambutol,and pyrazinamide,was administered.Along with ATT,the patient was treated with entecavir as an antiviral medication against HBV and dabigatran as an anticoagulant.He remained asymptomatic,and follow-up sonography of the abdomen at 4 mo showed complete resolution of the PVT.CONCLUSION Upon diagnosis of hepatic TB associated with PVT and HBV coinfection,ATT and anticoagulants should be initiated to prevent subsequent portal hypertension.Antiviral therapy against HBV should also be administered to prevent severe hepatic injury.
基金funded by Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of College Students(201910313120H)financially supported by Outstanding Youth Project of Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20170054)National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education(Xuzhou Medical University).
文摘Atherosclerosis(AS)is a primary cause of morbidity and mortality all over the world.Molecular imaging techniques can enable early localization and diagnosis of atherosclerosis plaques.Recent newly developed chitooligosaccharides(CSO)is considered to be capable of target mannose receptors on the surface of macrophages and to inhibit foam cell formation.Here we present a targeting magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)nanoprobe,which was successfully constructed with polyacrylic acid(PAA)modified nanometer iron oxide(Fe_(3)O_(4))as the core,and coating with CSO molecules,possessing the abilities of targeted MRI and specifically inhibition of the formation of foamy macrophages in the atherosclerotic process.The experimental results showed that the distributions of PAA-Fe_(3)O_(4) and CSO-PAA-Fe_(3)O_(4) were uniform and the corresponding sizes were about 5.93 nm and 8.15 nm,respectively.The Fourier transform infrared spectra(FTIR)testified the CSO was coupled with PAA-Fe_(3)O_(4) successfully.After coupled with CSO,the r1 of PAA-Fe_(3)O_(4) was increased from 5.317 mM s-1 to 6.147 mM s-1,indicating their potential as MRI contrast agent.Oil Red O staining and total cholesterols(TC)determination showed that CSO-PAA-Fe_(3)O_(4) could significantly inhibit the foaming process of RAW264.7 cells induced by oxidatively modified low density lipoprotein(ox-LDL).In vitro cellular MRI displayed that,compared with PAA-Fe_(3)O_(4),CSO-PAA-Fe_(3)O_(4) could lower the T1 relaxation time of RAW264.7 cells better.In summary,construction of CSO-PAA-Fe_(3)O_(4) nanoprobe in this study could realize the targeted MRI of macrophages and inhibition of ox-LDL induced macrophage foaming process.This will provide a new avenue in the diagnosis and treatment of AS.
基金supported in part by National Natural Science of Foundation of China(Nos.11005021,51177017 and 11175049)the Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(No.21110010)+1 种基金the Fudan University Excellent Doctoral Research Program(985 project)the Ph.D Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China(No.20120071110031)
文摘A novel surface wave plasma(SWP) source excited with cylindrical Teflon waveguide has been developed in our previous work. The plasma characteristics have been simply studied.In this work, our experimental device has been significantly improved by replacing the Teflon waveguide with a quartz rod, and then better microwave coupling and higher gas purity can be obtained during plasma discharge. The plasma spatial distributions, both in radial and axial directions, have been measured and the effect of gas pressure has been investigated. Plasma density profiles indicate that this plasma source can produce uniform plasma in an axial direction at low pressure, which shows its potential in plasma processing on a curved surface such as an inner tube wall. A simplified circular waveguide model has been used to explain the principle of plasma excitation. The distinguishing features and potential application of this kind of plasma source with a hardware improvement have been shown.
文摘Objective: To compare the effects and safety of conventional transarterial chemoembolization(c TACE) and yttrium-90 transarterial radioembolization [TARE(90 Y)] for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)Methods: Nine high-quality observational studies, one low bias-risk randomized controlled trial(RCT), and one moderate biasrisk RCT included 1,652 patients [c TACE, 1,124; TARE(90 Y), 528], from whom data were extracted for this systematic review and meta-analysis.Results: The extracted study outcomes included 1-year and 2-year overall survival(OS) rates, objective responses(ORs), and serious adverse events(AEs). 1-year OS rates: OR = 0.939, 95 % CI: 0.705-1.251, P = 0.66. 2-year OS rates: overall pooled OR =0.641, 95% CI: 0.382-1.075, P = 0.092; observational study subgroup OR = 0.575, 95% CI: 0.336-0.984, P = 0.043; RCT subgroup OR* = 0.641, 95% CI: 0.382-1.075, P = 0.346. OR: overall pooled OR = 0.781, 95% CI: 0.454-1.343, P = 0.371; m RECIST subgroup OR = 0.584, 95 % CI: 0.349-0.976, P = 0.040; WHO subgroup OR = 1.065; 95% CI: 0.500-2.268, P = 0.870. Serious AEs: overall pooled RR = 1.477, 95% CI: 0.864-2.526, P = 0.154; RCT subgroup RR = 0.680, 95% CI: 0.325-1.423, P = 0.306; observational study subgroup RR = 1.925; 95 % CI: 0.978-3.788, P = 0.058.Conclusions: TARE(90 Y) increased 2-year OS rates in the observational subgroup and resulted in better OR rates, according to m RECIST criteria, in comparison with c TACE. Furthermore, a lower risk of AEs was observed for TARE(90 Y) than for c TACE.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21705120)the Project of Shandong Province Higher Educational Outstanding Youth Innovation Team (No. 2019KJM008)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China (No. ZR^(2)017LB016)Foundation of Yuandu Scholar。
文摘Computed tomography(CT) is one of the most commonly used non-invasive clinical imaging modalities to predict, diagnose and treat the disease. Iodinated contrast media(ICM) is a form of intravenous radiocontrast agent containing iodine, which enhances the visibility of hollow tissue structures in medical CT imaging. ICM may cause allergic reactions, contrast-induced nephropathy, hyperthyroidism and possibly metformin accumulation. It is significant to find out the risk factors, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of adverse reactions caused by ICM. Revealing the changes of the lipid droplets(LDs)viscosity in pathophysiological processes such as cancer and iodined contrast media induced adverse reaction is not only important for monitoring the occurrence and development of some pathophysiological processes but also vital for the deep insight of the biological effects of LDs in these pathophysiological processes. A lipid droplets targeted fluorescent probe DN-1 was devised to sense cellular viscosity alteration with high selectivity and sensitivity, which was applied to distinguish cancer cells and normal cells and reveal viscosity changes during iodined CT contrast media treatment.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017 YFC0909201 and 2018YFC1314300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81571659,81971694,81971599,81771818,81425013,and 81871052)and the Tianjin Key Technology R&D Program(17ZXMFSY00090).
文摘A systematic characterization of the similarities and differences among different methods for detecting structural brain abnormalities in schizophrenia,such as voxel-based morphometry(VBM),tensor-based morphometry(TBM),and projection-based thickness(PBT),is important for understanding the brain pathology in schizophrenia and for developing effective biomarkers for a diagnosis of schizophrenia.However,such studies are still lacking.Here,we performed VBM,TBM,and PBT analyses on T1-weighted brain MR images acquired from 116 patients with schizophrenia and 116 healthy controls.We found that,although all methods detected wide-spread structural changes,different methods captured different information-only 10.35%of the grey matter changes in cortex were detected by all three methods,and VBM only detected 11.36%of the white matter changes detected by TBM.Further,pattern classification between patients and controls revealed that combining different measures improved the classification accuracy(81.9%),indicating that fusion of different structural measures serves as a better neuroimaging marker for the objective diagnosis of schizophrenia.
文摘Quantification of hepatic fat and iron content is important for early detection and monitoring of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) patients. This study evaluated quantification efficiency of hepatic proton density fat fraction(PDFF) by MRI using NAFLD rabbits. R2* was also measured to investigate whether it correlates with fat levels in NAFLD. NAFLD rabbit model was successfully established by high fat and cholesterol diet. Rabbits underwent MRI examination for fat and iron analyses,compared with liver histological findings. MR examinations were performed on a 3.0 T MR system using multi-echo 3 D gradient recalled echo(GRE) sequence. MRI-PDFF showed significant differences between different steatosis grades with medians of3.72%(normal), 5.43%(mild), 9.11%(moderate) and 11.17%(severe), whereas this was not observed in R2*. Close correlation between MRI-PDFF and histological steatosis was observed(r=0.78, P=0.000). Hepatic iron deposit was not found in any rabbits. There was no correlation between R2* and either liver MRI-PDFF or histological steatosis. MR measuring MRI-PDFF and R2* simultaneously provides promising quantification of steatosis and iron. Rabbit NAFLD model confirmed accuracy of MRI-PDFF for liver fat quantification. R2* measurement and relationship between fat and iron of NAFLD liver need further experimental investigation.
基金This work was supported by grants from National Key Basic Research Program of China(2013CB933903)National Key Technology R&D Program(2012BAI23B08)and National Natural Science Foundation of China(20974065,51173117 and 50830107).
文摘Superparamagnetic iron oxide(SPIO)nanoparticles are excellent magnetic resonance contrast agents and surface engineering can expand their applications.When covered with amphiphilic alkyl-polyethyleneimine(PEI),the modified SPIO nanoparticles can be used as MRI visible gene/drug delivery carriers and cell tracking probes.However,the positively charged amines of PEI can also cause cytotoxicity and restricts their further applications.In this study,we used lactose to modify amphiphilic low molecular weight polyethylenimine(C_(12-)PEI_(2K))at different lactosylation degree.It was found that the N-alkyl-PEI-lactobionic acid wrapped SPIO nanocomposites show better cell viability without compromising their labelling efficacy as well as MR imaging capability in RAW 264.7 cells,comparing to the unsubstituted ones.Besides,we found the PEI induced cell autophagy can be reduced via lactose modification,indicating the increased cell viability might rely on down-regulating autophagy.Thus,our findings provide a new approach to overcome the toxicity of PEI wrapped SPIO nanocomposites by lactose modification.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Projects of Xuzhou City(No.KC14SM088)the Natural Science Fund for Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province(No.15KJB430031)
文摘TiO_2 nanorod arrays(NRAs) were prepared on fluorine doped tin oxide(FTO) substrates by a facile two-step hydrothermal method. The nanorods were selectively grown on the FTO regions which were covered with TiO_2 seeding layer. It took 5 h to obtain the compact arrays with the nanorod length of ~2 μm and diameter of ~50 nm. The photoelectrochemical(PEC) properties of TiO_2 NRAs are also investigated. It is demonstrated that the TiO_2 NRAs indicate the good photoelectric conversion ability with an efficiency of 0.22% at a full-wavelength irradiation. A photocurrent density of 0.21 mA /cm^2 is observed at 0.7 V versus the saturated calomel electrode(SCE). More evidences suggest that the charge transferring resistance is lowered at an irradiation, while the flat-band potential(V_(fb)) is shifted towards the positive side.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Projects of Xuzhou City(No.KC14SM088)the Natural Science Fund for Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province(No.15KJB430031)
文摘In this work, the perovskite solar cells(PSCs) were fabricated with the bandgap-tunable(FA)_x(MA)_(1-x)PbI_3 absorber layers through a facile two-stage deposition route.The doping was realized by adding the formamidinium iodide(FAI) into a precursor MAI solution.Both the surface morphology and electrochemical impedance spectra(EIS) were conducted to evaluate the absorber layers or solar cells.After the optimization, the best PSC performance of 14.73% was achieved at a nominal FAI content of 12.5 at.%.The performance enhancement was attributed to both the enhancement of visible light harvesting and carrier transport capability.Besides, the stability of a PSC device based on the single MAPbI_3 absorber layer was also investigated, and a power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 11.27 % remained even after laying in vacuum for 10 days.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Xuzhou City(No.KC14SM088)the Natural Science Foundation Project of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20130198)
文摘TiO_2 nanorod arrays(NRAs) were synthesized directly on the fluorine tin oxide(FTO) coated glass substrates by a facile hydrothermal route.The effects of growth time on the photoelectrochemical(PEC) properties of TiO_2 NRAs are investigated.The samples synthesized for 4 h exhibit a photocurrent intensity of 0.37 mA/cm^2 at the irradiation of Xe lamp and a bias of 0 V.As the growth time increases,the thickness and order degree of the NRAs are enhanced,but the photocurrent is reduced a lot.It might be associated with the hindering of a high background electron density in NRs due to the long-time hydrothermal reaction in acid environment.Moreover,the decline behavior is observed,which is attributed to the poor charge separation capacity of TiO_2 array electrodes and could be suppressed efficiently by applying a suitable positive bias.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Xuzhou City(No.KC14SM088)the Natural Science Fund for Colleges and Universities of Jiangsu Province(Nos.15KJB430031 and 16KJB310019)
文摘Ag_3PO_4 microparticles(MPs) were prepared through a facile chemical precipitation route and using silver acetate(AgAc) as metal salt. The effect of annealing temperature(T_a) and time(τ_a) on the actual photocatalytic(PC) activity of Ag_3PO_4 MPs is investigated. The optimal annealing parameters are T_a of 400 ℃ and τ_a of 90 min. The enhanced PC activity by annealing at 400 ℃ is ascribed to the increase of electron mobility. Besides, an Ag_3PO_4 photoelectrode was fabricated through a drop-coating deposition route, which demonstrates a photocurrent density of 80 μA/cm^2 and acceptable stability. The n-type conduction behavior of Ag_3PO_4 is verified by a Mott-Schottky(M-S) plot.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22001260)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2021A1515010016)the Outstanding Talents Research Start-up Foundation of Xuzhou Medical University(No.D2020016).
文摘Catalytic enantioselective direct C–H bond functionalization of electron-deficient N-containing heteroarenes represents one of the most straightforward and powerful protocols to construct diverse enantioenriched highly functionalized N-heteroarene products.Efficient catalytic systems and a variety of strategies for highly chemo-and stereoselective C–H functionalization of electron-deficient N-containing heteroarenes have been developed over the past few decades.This review summarized the rapid progress in the catalytic asymmetric C–H functionalization of N-containing heteroarenes and discussed the challenges and potential of the field in the current stage.
基金This insight was supported by grants from the Fourth Military Medical University(2019CYJH)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019TQ0130).
文摘Schizophrenia(SZ)is a chronic,serious,and recurrent mental illness,characterized by cognitive impairment as the core symptom,which can be an important sign before the onset of psychosis[1].Furthermore,persistent cognitive impairment is specific to the disease and disrupts the cognitive trajectory of patients with SZ[2].
