The form in which a metal exists strongly influences its mobility and thus, the effects on the environment. Operational methods of speciation analysis, such as the use of sequential extraction procedures, are commonly...The form in which a metal exists strongly influences its mobility and thus, the effects on the environment. Operational methods of speciation analysis, such as the use of sequential extraction procedures, are commonly applied. The Dongting Lake, the second largest fresh-water lake in China, contains three China wetlands of international importance, the East Dongting Lake, South Dongting Lake, and West Dongting Lake. In this work, an optimized BCR sequential extraction procedure was used to assess the environmental risk of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in contaminated sediment of the Dongting Lake. The procedure was evaluated by using a certified reference material, BCR701. The results of the partitioning study indicated that in the lake sediments, more easily mobilized forms (acid exchangeable) were predominant for Cd, particularly in the samples from the East Dongting Lake. In contrast, the largest amount of Pb was associated with the iron and manganese oxide fractions and Cu, Zn, Cr, and Ni analyzed were mainly distributed in residual phase at an average percentage greater than 60% of the total metals. The potential risk to the lake's water contamination was highest in the East Dongting Lake based on the calculated contamination factors. On the other hand, the total metal content was determined as well by inductively coupled plasma and mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and assessed by using geo-accumulation index. The assessment results using geo-accumulation index were compared with the information on metal speciation. Both were correspondent with each other.展开更多
The Dongting Lake, the second biggest freshwater lake in China, consists of three wetlands of national importance, namely the East Dongting Lake, the South Dongting Lake, and the West Dongting Lake. Surface sediments ...The Dongting Lake, the second biggest freshwater lake in China, consists of three wetlands of national importance, namely the East Dongting Lake, the South Dongting Lake, and the West Dongting Lake. Surface sediments were sampled from 57 locations across the lake. Nutrient concentrations [total organic carbon (TOC), total N (TN) and total P (TP)] and 16 element concentrations (Al, As, B, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, K, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Si, Ti and Zn) in the sediments were measured to investigate the impact of industrialization along the lake’s coastline and several tributaries on the profiles of nutrients and heavy metals in the lake’s surface sediments. R-mode cluster analysis (CA) was used to integrate geochemical data. The result showed that euthophication of the Dongting Lake resulted mainly from TN and TOC. The main polluting trace metals are Hg, As, Cd, Zn, Pb and Mn, which are largely adsorbed on clay minerals or Fe/Mn oxides, or deposited as carbonates. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed the source of micropollutants. The worst affected district by heavy metals is the East Dongting Lake, the pollution sources may originate mainly from the Xiangjiang drainage area. The results demonstrated that multivariate methods are the potentially great tools for the interpretation of the environmental data on lake sediments.展开更多
To examine the degree of contamination in the Dongting Lake (洞庭湖) area, surface sediments samples were collected and investigated in this study. This lake lies in the south of the middle Yangtze River, and it is th...To examine the degree of contamination in the Dongting Lake (洞庭湖) area, surface sediments samples were collected and investigated in this study. This lake lies in the south of the middle Yangtze River, and it is the second largest fresh-water lake in China. These samples were analyzed for the concentrations of the following 6 elements (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) collected from 46 locations. The index of geo-accumulation was used to assess the degree of contamination of the total trace elements and the assessments showed that the contamination of Cd reached strong to very strong pollution. The speciation of metal in sediments was analyzed using the modified BCR (Community Bureau of Reference) sequential extraction technology and the water column-contamination risk was evaluated by the calculated contamination factors. The results of the speciation of metal indicated that more easily mobilized forms (exchangeable, water soluble, and acid soluble) were predominant for Cd, especially in the samples from East Dongting Lake. In contrast, the largest amount of lead was associated with the iron and manganese oxide fractions, and Cu, Zn, Cr, and Ni analyzed were mainly distributed in residual phase at an average percentage higher than 60% of the total metals. The potential risk to the lake’s water contamination was the highest in East Dongting Lake based on the calculated contamination factors. The assessment results using geo-accumulation index were compared with the information obtained by trace metal speciation and both results were consistent.展开更多
The removal of Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn from dilute mine water by using several geological materials including pure limestone, sand, carbonaceous limestone and brecciated limestone was performed on a laboratory scale. The re...The removal of Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn from dilute mine water by using several geological materials including pure limestone, sand, carbonaceous limestone and brecciated limestone was performed on a laboratory scale. The results showed that to add geological materials in combination with sodium carbonate injection would notably enhance the efficiency of heavy metal removal to varying degrees. Pure limestone was found the best one among the four materials mentioned above for removing heavy metals from mine water. The removal efficiencies of pure limestone when it is ground as fine as 30–60 meshes are 58.6% for Cd, 100% for Cu, 47.8% for Ni, and 36.8% for Zn at 20℃. The optimum pH is about 8.9 to 9.1. The mechanism of higher effective removal, perhaps, is primarily due to co-precipitation under the control of calcite-related pH value. According to this research, Na2CO3 injection manners, including slug dosing and drip-wise, seemed to have little impact on the efficiency of heavy metal removal.展开更多
Lacustrine turbidite of Chang-7 Member in the studied area consists of siltstone and fine sandstone with respect to grain size,which is feldspathic lithic sandstone,syrosem arkose and arkose with respect to mineral co...Lacustrine turbidite of Chang-7 Member in the studied area consists of siltstone and fine sandstone with respect to grain size,which is feldspathic lithic sandstone,syrosem arkose and arkose with respect to mineral constitution affected by provenance. There are such apparent signatures as lithology,sedimentary structure,sedimentary sequence and well logs,to recognize turbidite. During the paleogeographic evolution of Chang-7 Member,lake basin and deep lake are both at their maximum extent during Chang-73 stage,resulting in the deposition of Zhangjiatan shale with widespread extent and of turbidite with fragmental-like. Deep lake line is gradually moving toward lake center and turbidite sand bodies are gradually turning better with better lateral continuity,connectivity and more thickness,from stages of Chang-73,Chang-72 and Chang-71 ,which can be favorable reservoir in deep-water.展开更多
Heavy metals are released into environment from a wide range of natural and anthropogenic sources. Aquatic ecosystems are normally at the receiving end and in many cases, with lakes as intermediaries. Lacustrine sedim...Heavy metals are released into environment from a wide range of natural and anthropogenic sources. Aquatic ecosystems are normally at the receiving end and in many cases, with lakes as intermediaries. Lacustrine sediments are important sinks for heavy metals and play a significant role in enrichment and remobilization of heavy metals in aquatic systems. Therefore, characteristics of heavy metal in lacustrine sediments become one of the important issues in environmental sciences. Progress in heavy metal research of lake sediments since late 1980s is reviewed comprehensively in this paper from over 100. The Highlights are placed on the establishment of aquatic sediment quality guidelines, references chemical speciation of heavy metals, heavy metal transport mechanisms in lakes, and high-resolution study of lake borehole cores. Meanwhile, suggestions for heavy metal research in lacustrine sediment in the future are proposed, including such issues as using integrated approaches to assess aquatic ecosystem, modern lake dynamic process, high-resolution evolutionary sequence and spatial differentiation of environments and international lake database, which should be referential to the promotion of research on heavy metal in aquatic system.展开更多
The Quaternary continental slope of the Baiyun Sag in northern South China Sea is characterized by a complex topography and abundant gravity flow sedimentation.High-resolution 3-D seismic data in this area allow for a...The Quaternary continental slope of the Baiyun Sag in northern South China Sea is characterized by a complex topography and abundant gravity flow sedimentation.High-resolution 3-D seismic data in this area allow for a detailed study of the seismic geomorphology and deep-water gravity flow depositional process.The Quaternary continental slope in the northern South China Sea is an above-graded slope.An intraslope basin lies within the above-grade continental slope.Slump,erosion,and deposition processes tend to develop a gentle topography and consequently a graded slope.The upper continental slope,which is above the slope equilibrium profile,is dominated by erosion and slumping.Slides,slumps and erosional channels are developed within this continental slope.The intraslope basin is located below the slope equilibrium profile and is potential accommodation space where sediments transported by gravity flows could be deposited,forming lobe aprons.Under the influence of gravity flow supply,gravity flow duration,continental slope topography,equilibrium profile,and accommodation,a slump-erosional channel-lobe depositional system is developed in the Quaternary continental slope in the Baiyun Sag.The deep-water gravity flow depositional process and the distribution of gravity flow sediments are greatly influenced by the continental slope topography,while the continental slope topography at the same time is reshaped by deep-water gravity flow depositional process and its products.The study of the interplay between the continental slope and gravity flow is helpful in predicting the distribution of the deep-water gravity flow sediments and the variation of sediment quality.展开更多
There is active gravity flow sedimentation on the lower continental slope of Niger Delta. High-resolution 3-D seismic data enable a detailed study on the gravity flow deposition process and its impact. The lower conti...There is active gravity flow sedimentation on the lower continental slope of Niger Delta. High-resolution 3-D seismic data enable a detailed study on the gravity flow deposition process and its impact. The lower continental slope of Niger Delta is characterized by a stepped complex topography, which resulted from gravity sliding and spreading during Miocene and Pliocene. Two types of accommodations are identified on the slope: ponded accommodation as isolated sub-basins and healed slope accommodation as connected tortuous corridors, where multi-scale submarine fans and submarine channels developed. Gravity flow deposition process is affected by the characteristics of gravity flows and the receiving basin. At the early stage, gravity flow deposition process was dominated by "fill and spill" pattern in the ponded accommodation, whereas it was confined to the healed slope accommodation during the late stage. On the lower continental slope of Niger Delta, complex slope topography controlled the distribution and evolution of the gravity flow, producing complicated gravity depositional patterns.展开更多
基金Supported by science and technology foundation project of Xi’an Shiyou University (No. Z06098)China Geological Survey (No. 200314200021)
文摘The form in which a metal exists strongly influences its mobility and thus, the effects on the environment. Operational methods of speciation analysis, such as the use of sequential extraction procedures, are commonly applied. The Dongting Lake, the second largest fresh-water lake in China, contains three China wetlands of international importance, the East Dongting Lake, South Dongting Lake, and West Dongting Lake. In this work, an optimized BCR sequential extraction procedure was used to assess the environmental risk of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in contaminated sediment of the Dongting Lake. The procedure was evaluated by using a certified reference material, BCR701. The results of the partitioning study indicated that in the lake sediments, more easily mobilized forms (acid exchangeable) were predominant for Cd, particularly in the samples from the East Dongting Lake. In contrast, the largest amount of Pb was associated with the iron and manganese oxide fractions and Cu, Zn, Cr, and Ni analyzed were mainly distributed in residual phase at an average percentage greater than 60% of the total metals. The potential risk to the lake's water contamination was highest in the East Dongting Lake based on the calculated contamination factors. On the other hand, the total metal content was determined as well by inductively coupled plasma and mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and assessed by using geo-accumulation index. The assessment results using geo-accumulation index were compared with the information on metal speciation. Both were correspondent with each other.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2003CB214600)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.20080431246)the Program for Changjiang scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(Grant No.IRT0559).
基金supported jointly by Postdoctor Science Foundation of China (No. 20070420214)China Geological Survey (Grant No. 200314200021)
文摘The Dongting Lake, the second biggest freshwater lake in China, consists of three wetlands of national importance, namely the East Dongting Lake, the South Dongting Lake, and the West Dongting Lake. Surface sediments were sampled from 57 locations across the lake. Nutrient concentrations [total organic carbon (TOC), total N (TN) and total P (TP)] and 16 element concentrations (Al, As, B, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, K, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Si, Ti and Zn) in the sediments were measured to investigate the impact of industrialization along the lake’s coastline and several tributaries on the profiles of nutrients and heavy metals in the lake’s surface sediments. R-mode cluster analysis (CA) was used to integrate geochemical data. The result showed that euthophication of the Dongting Lake resulted mainly from TN and TOC. The main polluting trace metals are Hg, As, Cd, Zn, Pb and Mn, which are largely adsorbed on clay minerals or Fe/Mn oxides, or deposited as carbonates. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed the source of micropollutants. The worst affected district by heavy metals is the East Dongting Lake, the pollution sources may originate mainly from the Xiangjiang drainage area. The results demonstrated that multivariate methods are the potentially great tools for the interpretation of the environmental data on lake sediments.
基金This paper is supported by the China Geological Survey(No200314200021).
文摘To examine the degree of contamination in the Dongting Lake (洞庭湖) area, surface sediments samples were collected and investigated in this study. This lake lies in the south of the middle Yangtze River, and it is the second largest fresh-water lake in China. These samples were analyzed for the concentrations of the following 6 elements (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) collected from 46 locations. The index of geo-accumulation was used to assess the degree of contamination of the total trace elements and the assessments showed that the contamination of Cd reached strong to very strong pollution. The speciation of metal in sediments was analyzed using the modified BCR (Community Bureau of Reference) sequential extraction technology and the water column-contamination risk was evaluated by the calculated contamination factors. The results of the speciation of metal indicated that more easily mobilized forms (exchangeable, water soluble, and acid soluble) were predominant for Cd, especially in the samples from East Dongting Lake. In contrast, the largest amount of lead was associated with the iron and manganese oxide fractions, and Cu, Zn, Cr, and Ni analyzed were mainly distributed in residual phase at an average percentage higher than 60% of the total metals. The potential risk to the lake’s water contamination was the highest in East Dongting Lake based on the calculated contamination factors. The assessment results using geo-accumulation index were compared with the information obtained by trace metal speciation and both results were consistent.
基金granted by the Science Foundation of China Postdoctors (No. 20070420214)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (No. SJ08D03)
文摘The removal of Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn from dilute mine water by using several geological materials including pure limestone, sand, carbonaceous limestone and brecciated limestone was performed on a laboratory scale. The results showed that to add geological materials in combination with sodium carbonate injection would notably enhance the efficiency of heavy metal removal to varying degrees. Pure limestone was found the best one among the four materials mentioned above for removing heavy metals from mine water. The removal efficiencies of pure limestone when it is ground as fine as 30–60 meshes are 58.6% for Cd, 100% for Cu, 47.8% for Ni, and 36.8% for Zn at 20℃. The optimum pH is about 8.9 to 9.1. The mechanism of higher effective removal, perhaps, is primarily due to co-precipitation under the control of calcite-related pH value. According to this research, Na2CO3 injection manners, including slug dosing and drip-wise, seemed to have little impact on the efficiency of heavy metal removal.
文摘Lacustrine turbidite of Chang-7 Member in the studied area consists of siltstone and fine sandstone with respect to grain size,which is feldspathic lithic sandstone,syrosem arkose and arkose with respect to mineral constitution affected by provenance. There are such apparent signatures as lithology,sedimentary structure,sedimentary sequence and well logs,to recognize turbidite. During the paleogeographic evolution of Chang-7 Member,lake basin and deep lake are both at their maximum extent during Chang-73 stage,resulting in the deposition of Zhangjiatan shale with widespread extent and of turbidite with fragmental-like. Deep lake line is gradually moving toward lake center and turbidite sand bodies are gradually turning better with better lateral continuity,connectivity and more thickness,from stages of Chang-73,Chang-72 and Chang-71 ,which can be favorable reservoir in deep-water.
文摘Heavy metals are released into environment from a wide range of natural and anthropogenic sources. Aquatic ecosystems are normally at the receiving end and in many cases, with lakes as intermediaries. Lacustrine sediments are important sinks for heavy metals and play a significant role in enrichment and remobilization of heavy metals in aquatic systems. Therefore, characteristics of heavy metal in lacustrine sediments become one of the important issues in environmental sciences. Progress in heavy metal research of lake sediments since late 1980s is reviewed comprehensively in this paper from over 100. The Highlights are placed on the establishment of aquatic sediment quality guidelines, references chemical speciation of heavy metals, heavy metal transport mechanisms in lakes, and high-resolution study of lake borehole cores. Meanwhile, suggestions for heavy metal research in lacustrine sediment in the future are proposed, including such issues as using integrated approaches to assess aquatic ecosystem, modern lake dynamic process, high-resolution evolutionary sequence and spatial differentiation of environments and international lake database, which should be referential to the promotion of research on heavy metal in aquatic system.
基金supported by National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2009CB219407)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40972077)
文摘The Quaternary continental slope of the Baiyun Sag in northern South China Sea is characterized by a complex topography and abundant gravity flow sedimentation.High-resolution 3-D seismic data in this area allow for a detailed study of the seismic geomorphology and deep-water gravity flow depositional process.The Quaternary continental slope in the northern South China Sea is an above-graded slope.An intraslope basin lies within the above-grade continental slope.Slump,erosion,and deposition processes tend to develop a gentle topography and consequently a graded slope.The upper continental slope,which is above the slope equilibrium profile,is dominated by erosion and slumping.Slides,slumps and erosional channels are developed within this continental slope.The intraslope basin is located below the slope equilibrium profile and is potential accommodation space where sediments transported by gravity flows could be deposited,forming lobe aprons.Under the influence of gravity flow supply,gravity flow duration,continental slope topography,equilibrium profile,and accommodation,a slump-erosional channel-lobe depositional system is developed in the Quaternary continental slope in the Baiyun Sag.The deep-water gravity flow depositional process and the distribution of gravity flow sediments are greatly influenced by the continental slope topography,while the continental slope topography at the same time is reshaped by deep-water gravity flow depositional process and its products.The study of the interplay between the continental slope and gravity flow is helpful in predicting the distribution of the deep-water gravity flow sediments and the variation of sediment quality.
基金supported by National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No.2009CB219407)National Natural Science Foun-dation of China (Grant No.40972077)
文摘There is active gravity flow sedimentation on the lower continental slope of Niger Delta. High-resolution 3-D seismic data enable a detailed study on the gravity flow deposition process and its impact. The lower continental slope of Niger Delta is characterized by a stepped complex topography, which resulted from gravity sliding and spreading during Miocene and Pliocene. Two types of accommodations are identified on the slope: ponded accommodation as isolated sub-basins and healed slope accommodation as connected tortuous corridors, where multi-scale submarine fans and submarine channels developed. Gravity flow deposition process is affected by the characteristics of gravity flows and the receiving basin. At the early stage, gravity flow deposition process was dominated by "fill and spill" pattern in the ponded accommodation, whereas it was confined to the healed slope accommodation during the late stage. On the lower continental slope of Niger Delta, complex slope topography controlled the distribution and evolution of the gravity flow, producing complicated gravity depositional patterns.
